CN109076995A - A kind of ecological in-situ immobilization cultural method of high-quality Eriocheir sinensis - Google Patents
A kind of ecological in-situ immobilization cultural method of high-quality Eriocheir sinensis Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/35—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from potatoes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological cultivation methods of Eriocheir sinensis, belong to technical field of aquaculture.The method of the present invention includes pond selection, preparation of ponds disinfection；Plant water plant in 2~March of early spring, the water plant plantation uses " 2+2 " composite water grass seeds implant model, based on waterweed and Potamogeton maackianu, supplemented by eel grass, hydrilla verticillata；Launch juvenile crab kind；Pond water temperature starts to feed feed when reaching 10 DEG C or more；May~June launches Mandarin fish and oogenesis freshwater shrimp into pond；Before Clear and Bright, start to launch spiral shell to pond；Daily management observes change of water quality, and water quality is adjusted, maintenance facility and in due course expeling enemy and etc..The reasonable cultivation density of the present invention and stocking size determine the yield of cultivation and the specification at crab: mu of the present invention puts 800 button crabs, harvest about 600 is at crab, the brand crab of 30,000 yuan of per mu yield value of the big specification of " 863 " mode culture, high-quality is the Eco-breeding pattern for being worth duplication to be promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, are related to a kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensis, more specifically
Say, the present invention relates to it is a kind of by based on the plantation of the water plants such as waterweed and Potamogeton maackianu and throw spiral shell it is dilute it is feeding in the way of carry out
" 863 " efficient health ecologic breeding side of the cultural method of magnificent Eriocheir ecology in-situ immobilization, i.e. Eriocheir sinensis " Noah 1 "
Method, the method for the present invention can promote Eriocheir sinensis quality and volume increase, and effective guarantee fine water.
Background technique
Eriocheir sinensis (Eriocheir sinensis) also known as river crab, crab, Fresh & Tender in Texture, unique flavor, nutrition are rich
Richness belongs to one of the highest economic crab of economic value and the rare aquatic products of Chinese tradition in fresh water crab.Due to wild China
Eriocheir capture is difficult, and quantity is few, the market demand is unable to satisfy, frequently with artificial breeding.Artificial breeding Eriocheir sinensis at present
Generally existing resource utilization is low and seed injected volume, and Eriocheir sinensis growth and development is slow, head is small, poor quality, low output
The defects of, seriously affect the economic benefit of Eriocheir sinensis.
Eriocheir sinensis " Noah 1 " is China Aquatic Science Research Academy Fresh Water Fishery Research Center, Jiangsu Noah's ark
Agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd combines made of breeding that specification is big, the strong river crab of resistance with Wujin of Changzhou Fishery technical centre for spreading
New varieties (certificate number: GS-01-005-2016).Currently, the present invention has explored above-mentioned Eriocheir sinensis " Noah 1 "
" 863 " efficient health Eco-breeding pattern creates the big specification crab quality control technology of " green back, white tripe, golden pawl, yellow hair ",
The growth and volume increase of Eriocheir sinensis are promoted, while good water quality has been ensured using based technique for in-situ remediation, is achieved preferably
Economy and ecological benefits.
The above-mentioned reason in basis, spy propose the application.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind can promote Eriocheir sinensis growth,
Quality based on the plantation of the water plants such as waterweed and Potamogeton maackianu and throws the dilute feeding carry out ecological cultivation method of spiral shell, this hair with volume increase
Bright cultural method provides nutriment needed for Eriocheir sinensis grows each stage, entire to cultivate season use: " smart, thick,
Meat or fish " collocation, based on " meat or fish ", it is intended to cultivate the high-quality crab of big specification, high-quality.In addition, the present invention is with waterweed and micro- tooth
Based on bog pondweed, " 2+2 " composite water grass planting supplemented by eel grass, hydrilla verticillata simultaneously throws the dilute feeding mode of spiral shell, be production " blueness back,
The key of the ecological crab of white tripe, golden pawl, yellow hair " high-quality.
The present invention it is described above it is a kind of can promote Eriocheir sinensis growth, quality and volume increase with waterweed and micro- tooth eye
Based on the plantation of the water plants such as sub- dish and the dilute feeding carry out ecological cultivation method of spiral shell is thrown, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pond selects: pond is rectangle, and 10~12 mu of area, the deep 1.5~2m in pond, bottom material of pond for breeding is sand soil, is become silted up
Mud layer is no more than 10cm, and pond requirement is had abundant water resources, water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, are equipped with independent drainage system
System, ecological canal and ooxygenation facility；Pond surrounding is provided with slope protection, escaping-preventing facilities；
(2) preparation of ponds sterilizes: winter levels pond, carries out disinfection processing after the preparation of ponds to pond；
(3) it plants water plant in 2~March of early spring and applies inorganic fertilizer, the water plant plantation uses " 2+2 " composite water grass planting mould
Formula, based on waterweed and Potamogeton maackianu, supplemented by eel grass, hydrilla verticillata；Then it according to water plant growing way, applies in due course or periodically
Organic fertilizer, training algae solution and solid root fertilizer, leaf fertilizer, control water plant stand density；
(4) by the end of March before by Eriocheir sinensis seed carry out disinfection processing after launch into pond, the seed size is
100~120/kg, throw-in density is 800/mu；
(5) start to feed feed when pond water temperature reaches 10 DEG C or more, practical feeding volume according to season, weather, water colour, take the photograph
It eats situation to take the circumstances into consideration to increase and decrease, be advisable with feeding to eat up substantially in rear 2h；
(6) May~June launches Mandarin fish and oogenesis freshwater shrimp into pond；
(7) before clear and bright, start to launch spiral shell to pond；
(8) daily management: it is primary respectively to patrol the pool sooner or later, observes change of water quality, and water quality is adjusted, checks Eriocheir sinensia
The activity of crab, shell, situation of ingesting overhaul breeding facility, observe and drive away enemy.
Further, the water colour of water quality described in above-mentioned technical proposal step (1) is yellow green or yellowish-brown, and transparency is
30~50cm.
Further, pond disinfection method described in above-mentioned technical proposal step (2) is specifically to use quick lime or bleaching powder,
It is put into pond in the ratio of 75~100kg/ mus of quick limes or 35kg/ mus of bleaching powder.
Further, water plant strain spacing is 1.5~2.5m in above-mentioned technical proposal step (3), in interleave kind micro- tooth eye
Dish, water plant plant 60~70% that coverage rate is the pond gross area.
Further, inorganic fertilizer described in above-mentioned technical proposal step (3) uses sodium dihydrogen phosphate or ammonium hydrogen carbonate, application
Amount is 1~5kg/ mus.
Further, organic fertilizer is preferably the dedicated organic manure of decomposed aquatic products in above-mentioned technical proposal step (3), is pressed
50kg/ mus of ratio is put into pond.
Further, Eriocheir sinensis seed described in above-mentioned technical proposal step (4) is preferably Eriocheir sinensis " Noah
No. 1 " kind.
Further, feedstuff feeding amount in above-mentioned technical proposal step (5) specifically: daily ration of feeding in 3~April is to launch crab
The 0.8~1.2% of crab total weight；5~June, daily ration of feeding was launch crab total weight 3~5%；7~October, daily ration of feeding was
Launch the 5~10% of crab total weight.
Further, feed described in above-mentioned technical proposal step (5) includes animal fodder, plant feed and full price
Mixed feed, wherein the zoology feed is mainly small fish, freshwater mussel etc.；The plant feed is mainly soya-bean cake, peanut
Cake, corn, wheat, pachyrhizus, potato, pumpkin, various water plants etc..
Further, the injected volume of Mandarin fish described in above-mentioned technical proposal step (6) is 5~10 tails/mu, and Mandarin fish is complete
Long 5~8cm；The injected volume of the oogenesis freshwater shrimp is 0.1~0.2kg/ mus.
Further, the release time of Mandarin fish described in above-mentioned technical proposal step (6) is preferably late May~June
The first tenday period of a month.
Further, dispensing spiral shell described in above-mentioned technical proposal step (7) is launched 2 times altogether: it is launched for the first time before clear and bright,
Injected volume is 200~250kg/ mus；7~August, second of dispensing, injected volume are 200~250kg/ mus.
Further, water quality adjustment is specific as follows in above-mentioned technical proposal step (8): 3~May, crab species put rear early stage in a suitable place to breed,
The control depth of water is 0.6~0.8m, and 6~August controls 1.2~1.5m of the depth of water, controls 1.0~1.2m of the depth of water 9~November；Pond every 5
Inject within~7 days new water 1 time, high temperature season fills the water 5~10cm daily, and old water is discharged into ecological canal, keeps water pure and fresh；In high temperature
20:00~8:00 of weather opens aerator, cloudy whole day booting, and per two weeks uses the beneficial microbes such as photosynthetic bacteria or EM bacterium
1 improvement water quality of preparation.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the reasonable cultivation density of the present invention and stocking size determine the yield of cultivation and the specification at crab: the present invention
Mu puts 800 button crabs, harvests about 600 into crab, 30,000 yuan of per mu yield value of the big specification of " 863 " mode culture, the brand of high-quality
Crab is the Eco-breeding pattern for being worth duplication to be promoted.
(2) after the present invention reduces river crab stocking rate, adhere to that increase feeds the animal baits such as chilled small fish and cultivates big rule
The high-quality crab of lattice, high-quality；Entire cultivation season uses: " essence, thick, meat or fish " collocation, based on " meat or fish ".More importantly adhere to
Based on waterweed and Potamogeton maackianu, " 2+2 " composite water grass seeds implant model supplemented by eel grass, hydrilla verticillata is that production is " green
The key of the ecological crab of back, white tripe, golden pawl, yellow hair " high-quality；
(3) " Taihu Lake basin pond culture water emission request " that the present invention is issued and implemented according to Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Jiangsu Province
The regulation of (DB32/T 1705-2018) is transformed original gutter in this test, and design-build area accounting reaches
8.5% ecological canal, it is desirable that building slope ratio is greater than the gentle slope 1:2.5, and effective depth of precipitation is 1.5m or more, and furrow bank is with improvement
The bionical concrete block masonry of formula vegetation type is advisable, and summer is in ditch along absorption such as water (flow) direction step arrangement water peanut, floating bed water spinaches
The stronger water plant of ability, water plant cover degree is up to 38%.Ditch-water is emptied after autumn and winter harvest river crab, using mechanical and artificial
The method combined removes sediment and dead plant in ditch, cultivates, establishes for agricultural crops after collecting compost treatment
River crab ecologic cyclic culture technology.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the protective slope structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Pool oxygenation layout stracture schematic diagram in Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to case study on implementation and attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.The implementation case is with skill of the present invention
Implemented under premised on art, provides detailed embodiment and specific operating process now to illustrate that the present invention has and create
Property, but protection scope of the present invention case study on implementation not limited to the following.
The information for including according to the application, to those skilled in the art can be easily to essence of the invention
Really description carries out various changes, without departing from spirit and scope of the appended claims.It should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not
Process, property defined by being confined to or component, because these embodiments and other descriptions are just for the sake of schematic
Illustrate certain aspects of the present disclosure.In fact, this field or those skilled in the relevant art obviously can be to embodiment party of the present invention
The various changes that formula is made all cover within the scope of the appended claims.
It is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for a better understanding of the present invention, expression dosage used in this application,
All numbers of percentage and other numerical value, are understood to be modified with word " about " in all cases.Therefore,
Unless stated otherwise, otherwise digital parameters listed in specification and appended book are all approximations, may
It can be changed according to the difference for the desirable properties for attempting to obtain.Each digital parameters at least should be considered as according to being reported
Effective digital and obtained by the conventional method of rounding up.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment it is a kind of by based on the plantation of the water plants such as waterweed and Potamogeton maackianu and throw spiral shell it is dilute it is feeding in the way of
Carry out the ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensis ecology in-situ immobilization, the cultural method specifically comprises the following steps:
One, cultivating condition
1. pond condition
Farm is located in the modern agriculture industrial park area in Suzhou Yangcheng Lake town, crab pond (10~12) × 667 ㎡/mouth, long
Rectangular, the deep 1.8m in pond, totally 12 mouthfuls of pools, water surface for aquaculture is 111 mu total, has by high position water inlet, subdrain principle independent into, row
Water system, ecological canal.
2. source quality, substrate
Water source wants sufficient pollution-free, meets the requirement of " water quality standard for fishery " (GB 11607).River crab water matter should meet
The requirement of " pollution-free food aquiculture fresh water water quality " (NY 5051).Substrate is sand soil, and mud is no more than 10cm.
3. crab pond slope protection is built
Pond slope surface in 1: 3~4 ratios it is smooth after with geomembrane covering slope soil, then one layer of addition is with 40 mesh polyvinyl chloride
Screen cloth is as outer layer slop protection material, and upper limb is buried in the earth by mesh sheet both ends with soil, with anti-slip, it is ensured that mesh sheet, geomembrane and slope
It is close to (as shown in Figure 1) in face.
4. escaping-preventing facilities
Pool ridge surrounding makees escaping-preventing facilities with the high plastic plate of 60cm or more, is buried in the earth 10~20cm.
5. ooxygenation facility
The pond every 10 × 667 ㎡ is equipped with 3~5kW oxygenation Cyclone wind motor and a set of prolongs east-west " non-" the font cloth in pond
The micropore bottom aeration system (as shown in Figure 2) of office.
6. material platform is arranged
Feed table metal framework collocation mesh sheet, surface layer system plastics empty bottle lay 1, pond among every mouthful of pond respectively
Side of a pond angle sets 2~3 feeding observation points.
2. cultural method and quality control
2.1 crab species put preceding preparation in a suitable place to breed
Preparation of ponds disinfection: winter carries out the preparation of ponds, drains water, freezes after shining 30d and removes extra mud, checks anti-escape
Facility simultaneously repairs undamaged portion, reinforces Chi Geng.After the preparation of ponds, with the disinfection of quick lime 75~100kg/667 ㎡ wet process plus aquation
Slurry, then to float uniform in pond；Or dry spread bleaching powder 35kg/667 ㎡.
Water plant plantation: it is 2~March that water plant, which plants suitable time, and 1 sky and water potential drop makes down to 10cm or so before planting water plant
With sodium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/667 ㎡ and ammonium hydrogen carbonate 1kg/667 ㎡ rich water, firming plants waterweed and Potamogeton maackianu (yellow silk
Grass), strain 1.5~2.5m of spacing, and optionally between plant eel grass or hydrilla verticillata, so that water plant coverage rate is accounted for the 60 of the full pond gross area
~70%.
Water plant management: according to water plant growing way, applying the dedicated organic manure 50kg/667 ㎡ of decomposed aquatic products, pricks its tiller
Root uses the rich water again of the training algae solution containing chlorella as cursive script is grown up in due course.Summer regards water plant growing way, cuts off overstocked
The water plant of toothed burclover and partial region, to prevent the overstocked bad water that rots of water plant.Cultivation the middle and later periods with river crab largely ingest generation compared with
More residual baits and excrement supply fertility, according to water plant growing way, periodically splash solid root fertilizer and leaf fertilizer.
2.2 river crabs select Miao Fangmiao
Detain crab source: button crab is Eriocheir sinensis " Noah 1 " seed voluntarily cultivated, with not precocious, non-amputation, bottom plate
Completely, turn over it is sensitive, it is physical strong, draw a design see it is internal with it is full be excellent；It is required that specification is relatively uniform.
Stocking size is completed button crab with the time and is put in a suitable place to breed before by the end of March, stocking size size is 100~120/kg.
Breeding density: 800/667 ㎡ of breeding density puts foot using primary.Crab species put the preceding Gao Meng with 6~8mg/L in a suitable place to breed
Sour potassium medical fluid 10~15min of soaking disinfection, to kill body surface bacterium and helminth.
2.3 intercropping description and quantities
Crab species enter late May to the early June behind pond, and every 667 ㎡ puts the Mandarin fish 5~10 of 5~8cm of overall length or so in a suitable place to breed
Tail allows it to take on " leaving nothing usable to the invading enemy " important task using Mandarin fish throughout one's life to capture the feeding habits that live fish (shrimp) is bait.Meanwhile May to June, often
667 ㎡ can put 0.1~0.2kg of oogenesis freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed.
2.4 water quality management
Water quality requirement water quality will accomplish " clear, new, tender, refreshing " that general water colour is yellow green or yellowish-brown, and transparency control exists
30~50cm.
Early stage after water quality adjustment crab species in 3~May are put in a suitable place to breed, the depth of water should be in 0.6~0.8m, 6~August depth of water 1.2~1.5m, and 9
~November 1.0~1.2m of the depth of water.It should accomplish to fill the water 1 time for every 5~7 days, high temperature season fills the water 5~10cm daily, and old water is discharged into life
State irrigation canals and ditches keep water pure and fresh；In the complete preferable situation of water matter, discharge amount is reduced to the greatest extent.In 20:00~8:00 of high temperature
Aerator, cloudy whole day booting are opened, per two weeks improves water quality using photosynthetic bacteria or the inferior effective microorganism preparation of EM bacterium 1.
2.5 feeding management
Feed type: the predominantly animal fodders such as small fish, freshwater mussel；Soya-bean cake, peanut cake, corn, wheat, pachyrhizus, soil
Plant feeds and the perfect compound feeds such as beans, pumpkin, various water plants.
Feedstuff feeding: pond water temperature starts to feed when reaching 10 DEG C or more.It feeds once at dusk daily, full pond is fed, green,
Slightly, essence combines, it is ensured that fresh agreeable to the taste, without putrefaction is rotten.Daily ration of feeding is by being 3~April deposit pool crab body weight 1% or so, 5~6
The moon is 3~5%；7~October is 5~10%.Practical feeding volume takes the circumstances into consideration to increase and decrease according to season, weather, water colour, situation of ingesting.One
As be advisable with feeding to eat up substantially in rear 2h.
Launch spiral shell: before clear and bright, launching 200~250kg/667 of spiral shell ㎡, in 7~August, then mend put spiral shell 200~
250kg/667㎡.One time injected volume cannot be excessive, otherwise easily causes water anoxic and fights for feed with river crab.
Daily management: it is primary respectively to patrol the pool sooner or later, observes change of water quality, checks the activity of Eriocheir sinensis " Noah 1 ", sloughs off
Shell, situation of ingesting overhaul breeding facility, observe and drive away enemy.
2.6 disease prevention and cure measures
Remain the kilter of breeding water body " fertile, living, tender, refreshing ", so that it may reach prevention crab disease and occur；It was found that disease
Crab, dead crab are pulled out in time, check the cause of disease, the cause of the death, suit the remedy to the case, and carry out harmless treatment.
2.7 fishing listings
The fishing of river crab is generally since late September, and setting cage, crab pot are traped in pond, can also be in Chi Geng
Upper artificial manually capture, finally does pool harvesting.
Three, test results and analysis
Between 2016 to 2017,111 mu of cultivation base whole year feeds 20.530 ten thousand yuan of small fish altogether, pellet,
6.665 ten thousand yuan of the feeds such as wheat, wheat bran, corn meter, 4.995 ten thousand yuan of spiral shell, 16.650 ten thousand yuan of pool hire charge, seed cost 11.100
Wan Yuan, water plant, probiotics and 11.100 ten thousand yuan of fertilizer, 13.320 ten thousand yuan of charges for water and electricity, worker and casual labour's wage 48.300
Wan Yuan, total 132.66 ten thousand yuan of input cost, 11951.351 yuan of cost per mu.
It 2017, harvests into 11284.90 kilograms of crab, average 276.66 grams of public affairs crab specification/only, average mother's crab specification
203.17 grams/only, 101.66 kilograms of per mu yield.Sold using Yangcheng Lake steamed crab brand, it is ensured that only crab " green back, white tripe,
Golden pawl, yellow hair " and specification is big, 300 yuan/kilogram of average sales price, 338.55 ten thousand yuan of river crab income from sales, freshwater shrimp, mandarin fish income 4.6
Wan Yuan, 343.15 ten thousand yuan of total income, 30914.41 yuan of per mu yield value.Benefit is calculated by real revenue, total benefit is 210.49 ten thousand yuan,
18963.06 yuan of benefit per mu.
After the fishing of river crab, water is drained, when draining is monitored cultivation Tail water reuse, and monitoring point is located at tail water
Discharge outlet, total nitrogen 2.90mg/L, total phosphorus 0.36mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 0.82mg/L, COD11.40mg/L；Monitoring data show to cultivate tail
Water meets the above discharge standard of regulation second level of " Taihu Lake basin pond culture water emission request " (DB32/T 1705-2018).This
Outside, water plant is concentrated and pulls compost nuisanceless disposal out.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ecological in-situ immobilization cultural method of high-quality Eriocheir sinensis, it is characterised in that: the method specifically includes
Following steps:
(1) pond selects: pond is rectangle, and 10~12 mu of area, the deep 1.5~2m in pond, bottom material of pond for breeding is sand soil, mud
No more than 10cm, and pond requires to have abundant water resources, water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, be equipped with independent drainage system,
Ecological canal and ooxygenation facility；Pond surrounding is provided with slope protection, escaping-preventing facilities；
(2) preparation of ponds sterilizes: winter levels pond, carries out disinfection processing after the preparation of ponds to pond；
(3) it plants water plant in 2~March of early spring and applies inorganic fertilizer, the water plant plantation uses " 2+2 " composite water grass seeds implant model,
Based on waterweed and Potamogeton maackianu, supplemented by eel grass, hydrilla verticillata；Then it according to water plant growing way, has applied in due course or periodically
Machine fertilizer, training algae solution and solid root fertilizer, leaf fertilizer, control water plant stand density；
(4) by the end of March before by Eriocheir sinensis seed carry out disinfection processing after launch into pond, the seed size be 100~
120/kg, throw-in density is 800/mu；
(5) start to feed feed when pond water temperature reaches 10 DEG C or more, practical feeding volume is according to season, weather, water colour, feelings of ingesting
Condition takes the circumstances into consideration to increase and decrease, and is advisable with feeding to eat up substantially in rear 2h；
(6) May~June launches Mandarin fish and oogenesis freshwater shrimp into pond；
(7) before clear and bright, start to launch spiral shell to pond；
(8) daily management: it is primary respectively to patrol the pool sooner or later, observes change of water quality, and water quality is adjusted, checks Eriocheir sinensis
Activity, shell, situation of ingesting overhaul breeding facility, observe and drive away enemy.
2. ecology in-situ immobilization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: pond described in step (2) disappears
Malicious method is specifically to use quick lime or bleaching powder, is put into the ratio of 75~100kg/ mus of quick limes or 35kg/ mus of bleaching powder
In pond.
3. ecology in-situ immobilization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: water plant strain spacing in step (3)
For 1.5~2.5m, in interleave kind of a Potamogeton maackianu, water plant plants 60~70% that coverage rate is the pond gross area.
4. ecology in-situ immobilization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: organic fertilizer is corruption in step (3)
The dedicated organic manure of ripe aquatic products, is put into pond in 50kg/ mus of ratio.
5. ecology in-situ immobilization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: feedstuff feeding amount in step (5)
Specifically: 3~April, daily ration of feeding was launch crab total weight 0.8~1.2%；Daily ration of feeding in 5~June is that dispensing crab is total
The 3~5% of weight；7~October, daily ration of feeding was launch crab total weight 5~10%.
6. ecology in-situ immobilization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: feed packet described in step (5)
Animal fodder, plant feed and perfect compound feed are included, wherein the zoology feed is mainly small fish, freshwater mussel；Institute
Stating plant feed is mainly soya-bean cake, peanut cake, corn, wheat, pachyrhizus, potato, pumpkin, various water plants.
7. ecology in-situ immobilization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Mandarin fish described in step (6)
Injected volume be 5~10 tails/mu, 5~8cm of Mandarin fish overall length；The injected volume of the oogenesis freshwater shrimp is 0.1~0.2kg/ mus.
8. ecology in-situ immobilization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step launches spiral shell described in (7)
Snail is launched 2 times altogether: being launched for the first time before clear and bright, injected volume is 200~250kg/ mus；7~August, second of dispensing, injected volume are
200~250kg/ mus.
9. ecology in-situ immobilization cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: water quality adjustment has in step (8)
Body is as follows: 3~May crab species put in a suitable place to breed after early stage, the control depth of water be 0.6~0.8m, 6~August control 1.2~1.5m of the depth of water, 9~11
Moon control 1.0~1.2m of the depth of water；New water is injected 1 time in every 5~7 days in pond, and high temperature season fills the water 5~10cm daily, and old water is discharged into
Ecological canal；Open aerator in 20:00~8:00 of hot weather, cloudy whole day booting, per two weeks using photosynthetic bacteria or
EM bacteria preparation improves water quality.
10. described in any item ecological in-situ immobilization cultural methods according to claim 1~9, it is characterised in that: in step (4)
The Eriocheir sinensis seed is Eriocheir sinensis " Noah 1 " kind.
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| CN110012855A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-07-16 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of pond culture of sandy soil area area at crab method |
| CN110850064A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-02-28 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Method for detecting new and old water flowing on slope surface and in soil |
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| CN113754063A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-07 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method and system for cultivating eriocheir sinensis by using myriophyllum viridis ecological wetland |
| CN114644433A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-21 | 湖南腾阳生物科技股份有限公司 | Ecological cycle high-efficiency tail water treatment method |
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| CN110012855A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-07-16 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of pond culture of sandy soil area area at crab method |
| CN110850064A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-02-28 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Method for detecting new and old water flowing on slope surface and in soil |
| CN110850064B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Method for detecting new and old water flowing on slope surface and in soil |
| US20220240466A1 (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-08-04 | Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy Of Fishery Sciences | Method of culturing stichopus japonicus, marsupenaeus japonicus, portunus trituberculatus and ulva lactuca |
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| CN113261519A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-17 | 无为优良农业科技有限公司 | Health-preserving state efficient breeding method for river crab goldfish |
| CN113754063A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-07 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method and system for cultivating eriocheir sinensis by using myriophyllum viridis ecological wetland |
| CN114644433A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-21 | 湖南腾阳生物科技股份有限公司 | Ecological cycle high-efficiency tail water treatment method |
| CN115428755A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-06 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Two-stage nutrition-enhanced cultivation method for releasing parent crabs of eriocheir sinensis in Yangtze estuary |
| CN115428755B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-10-17 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Two-stage nutrition-enhanced cultivation method for releasing parent crabs of eriocheir sinensis at Yangtze river mouth |
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