CN110012855A - A kind of pond culture of sandy soil area area at crab method - Google Patents
A kind of pond culture of sandy soil area area at crab method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110012855A CN110012855A CN201910046469.1A CN201910046469A CN110012855A CN 110012855 A CN110012855 A CN 110012855A CN 201910046469 A CN201910046469 A CN 201910046469A CN 110012855 A CN110012855 A CN 110012855A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/20—Culture of aquatic animals of zooplankton, e.g. water fleas or Rotatoria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to cultural technique fields, and in particular to a kind of pond culture of sandy soil area area at crab method.The described method includes: pond is built；The whole pool cleans up the pond and shines the pool；Water plant plantation；Fertilising training algae；Launch spiral shell；Seed is put in a suitable place to breed；Integrated management；Harvest river crab.The present invention breaches a dyke according to sandy soil area area cultivating pool easy to leak, easily, is difficult to ensure fertilizer, difficult kind of careless feature, it is proposed that layering raising sealing gap, increase fertilizer application frequency, anti-drift of mowing prevent rotten method, it solves the FAQs of sandy soil area area pond crab farming, the economic benefit and ecological benefits of culture of Chinese mitten crab can be significantly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultural technique fields, and in particular to a kind of pond culture of sandy soil area area at crab method.
Background technique
River crab, scientific name Eriocheir sinensis is a kind of higher special aquatic products product of nutritive value, and the huge market demand is economical
Value is high, by liking for raiser.
Currently, crab farming pond, mostly based on loam ground, sandy soil area area cultivating pool is breached a dyke because of its easy to leak, easily, is difficult to ensure
Fertilizer, difficult kind of careless feature, economic benefit are difficult to improve.Existing aquaculture model such as Gaochun mode, Xinghua mode, Jintan mode etc.
Though having their own characteristics each, it is difficult to be completely suitable for sandy soil area area pond crab farming.Therefore, it sums up a set of suitable for sandy soil area area
The method of pond crab farming is of great significance to the economic benefit and ecological benefits that improve sandy soil area area pond crab farming.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing deficiencies of prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of pond cultures of sandy soil area area
It, can be significant for overcoming sandy soil area area cultivating pool easy to leak, easily breaching a dyke, be difficult to ensure fertilizer, difficult kind of careless disadvantage at the method for crab
The economic benefit for improving the pond culture of sandy soil area area, is a kind of effective aquaculture model.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.The present invention mentions
For a kind of pond culture of sandy soil area area at the method for crab, which comprises
1) pond is built: 10~40 mu of the pond area, slope ratio 1:(2.5~3)；Bottom of pond is sandy soil area, is inspected periodically
Chi Geng and sealing gap, the notch first side and land side will be filled to and be flushed with the two sides Chi Geng near water with loam, then use slush pump
Pond bottom silt is extracted successively to fill up；
2) water plant is planted: late December last year plants waterweed in pond；
3) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: late Febuary launches crab species；
4) fertilising training algae: being used alternatingly bio-fertilizer 3~June and inorganic fertilizer carries out multiple rich water；
5) launch spiral shell: early April launches spiral shell；
6) integrated management: 3~September carries out harvesting management to waterweed；
7) harvest river crab: late September~November harvests river crab.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, it the method also includes carrying out the whole pool, cleaning up the pond and shining the pool, is carried out December
The whole pool cleans up the pond and shines the pool, is cleaned up the pond using quick lime and tea seed cake mixing.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, in the water plant plantation step, the depth of water of 10~20cm is kept, using cutting
The method cuttage plantation of stem segmentation, 40~50kg, line space are 0.3 × 0.2~0.4 × 0.2m per acre.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, in the fertilising training algae step, early March, every 6~8 mu of uses 8~
10kg bio-fertilizer carries out rich water；It monthly applies inorganic fertilizer twice 4~May, 1.5~2 jin per acre, has applied inorganic fertilizer every time after a week,
Every 6~8 mu reuse 8~10kg bio-fertilizer, until early June stops fertilising.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, it further includes launching silver carp and bighead that the seed puts step in a suitable place to breed mid-April,
Launch mandarin fish kind mid-May, early June launches shrimp with ovums.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the seed is put in a suitable place to breed in step, the crab strain specification be 100~120/
Kg launches 700~800 per acre；The silver carp specification is 0.3~0.5kg/ tail, launches 2~4 tails per acre；The bighead specification
For 0.3~0.5kg/ tail, 4~8 tails are launched per acre；The mandarin fish kind specification is 5~7cm, per acre 10~20 tail；The shrimp with ovums
0.1~0.2kg is launched per acre.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, in the integrated management step, harvesting management carried out to waterweed, 3~5
The moon mows, and it is 10~20cm that 6~August, which controls waterweed height, and in river crab shell period, control waterweed height is not less than 20cm.
It in certain embodiments of the present invention, further include adjustment water level in the integrated management step, early Febuary puts
Water, 3~May, water level was maintained at 40~50cm, and 6~August water level is maintained at 100~120cm, 9~November water level be maintained at 70~
80cm。
It in certain embodiments of the present invention, further include regulating and controlling water quality in the integrated management step, May, every 12~
15d uses a biological agent；June, every 8~10d use a biological agent；7~August, every 5~7d use a secondary pollutant system
Agent；After using 4~5d of biological agent every time, with a substrate modifier.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, in the integrated management step, further include regulation water quality, further include bait
It feeds, 3~May, feeds the man-made feeds of protein content 40~42%, man-made feeds are 0.07~0.42kg/ mus/days；6~8
Month, the man-made feeds of protein content 30~36% are fed, 6-8 month man-made feeds are 0.42~2.1kg/ mus/days；From early September,
Man-made feeds, animal feed and plant feed are fed, the mass ratio of the man-made feeds, animal feed and plant feed is 1:
1.5:4~1:2:6, man-made feeds protein content are 40~42%, and man-made feeds are 0.9~1.1kg/ mus/days.
Specific embodiment
Inventor passes through a large amount of explorative experiments, provides a kind of pond culture of sandy soil area area into the method for crab,
Sandy soil area area cultivating pool easy to leak is overcome, easily breaches a dyke, be difficult to ensure fertilizer, difficult kind of careless disadvantage, sandy soil area can be significantly improved
The economic benefit of area's pond culture is a kind of effective aquaculture model, completes the present invention on this basis.
A kind of sandy soil area area pond culture provided by the invention at crab method, which comprises
1) pond is built: 10~40 mu of the pond area, slope ratio 1:(2.5~3)；Bottom of pond is sandy soil area, is inspected periodically
Chi Geng and sealing gap, the notch first side and land side will be filled to and be flushed with the two sides Chi Geng near water with loam, then use slush pump
Pond bottom silt is extracted successively to fill up；
2) the whole pool, shine the pool, clean up the pond: early December last year the whole pool, shine the pool, clean up the pond；
3) water plant is planted: late December last year plants waterweed in pond；
4) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: late Febuary launches crab species；
5) fertilising training algae: being used alternatingly bio-fertilizer 3~June and inorganic fertilizer carries out multiple rich water；
6) launch spiral shell: early April launches spiral shell；
7) integrated management: the 3-9 month carries out harvesting management to waterweed；
8) harvest river crab: November late September-harvests river crab.
Sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture is in the method for crab, in the pond implement sequence, pond
It has abundant water resources, water quality is well pollution-free；Irrigation and drainage facility is complete, and pond is surrounded by escaping-preventing facilities；Pond is equipped with bottom ooxygenation facility,
Every 10 mu of match powers are 2~3 kilowatts.
At in the method for crab, it is extra to crab pond that the whole pool is often referred to for sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture
Mud carry out dredging processing, and shape amendment, dredging water system, the maintenance operation such as water power are carried out to crab pond, to carry out the whole pool
Processing.The whole pool is generally carried out in annual late November to late December, and commodity crab fishing is completed laggard usually in crab pond
Row.
Sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture is in the method for crab, in the dry pool sterilisation step, December
The first tenday period of a month drain water after leveling pond, clean up the pond behind exposure pond usually using quick lime and leached tea oil slag mixing, thoroughly kill pond
In pathogen and harmful organism.Described 150~200kg/ of quick lime mus, 10~15kg/ mus of leached tea oil slag.
Sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture in the water plant plantation step, is kept in the method for crab
The depth of water of 10~20cm is planted, per acre 40~50kg using the method cuttage for cutting stem segmentation, and line space is 0.3 × 0.2~0.4
×0.2m.To nourish and generate when waterweed is planted, need to be reseeded in due course according to plantation survival rate.
At in the method for crab, it further includes 4 that the seed, which puts step in a suitable place to breed, for sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture
The middle of the month launches silver carp and bighead, launches mandarin fish kind mid-May, and early June launches shrimp with ovums.
At in the method for crab, the seed is put in a suitable place to breed in step, described for sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture
Crab strain specification is 100~120/kg, launches 700~800 per acre；The silver carp specification is 0.3~0.5kg/ tail, is thrown per acre
Put 2~4 tails；The bighead specification is 0.3~0.5kg/ tail, launches 4~8 tails per acre；The mandarin fish kind specification is 5~7cm, often
10~20 tails of mu；The shrimp with ovums launches 0.1~0.2kg per acre.
Sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture is in the method for crab, and the fertilising is trained in algae step, on March
Ten days starts rich water when water temperature reaches 8~10 DEG C, plays the role of cultivating planktonic organism, moss is inhibited to grow, and every 6~8 mu
Rich water is carried out using 8~10kg bio-fertilizer；Bio-fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is used alternatingly when water temperature is more than or equal to 15 DEG C in 4~May
Carry out rich water, monthly apply inorganic fertilizer twice, 1.5~2 jin per acre, applied inorganic fertilizer every time after a week, every 6~8 mu reuse 8~
10kg bio-fertilizer, until early June, temperature is higher, when water plant growing way is preferable, stops fertilising.The bio-fertilizer is selected from amino acid fertilizer
One of water cream, training algae Fertilizer water paste, amino acid fertilizer despot or a variety of combinations；The inorganic fertilizer is in compound fertilizer, urea
One or more combinations.Those skilled in the art can rule of thumb, in fertilising according to weather, water colour, water plant upgrowth situation
Etc. appropriate adjustments dose.
Sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture is in the method for crab, when launching spiral shell, it usually needs pays attention to
Dead spiral shell not be added, to prevent ruining water quality.The growth of early stage water plant is at the initial stage, and spiral shell, which plays, to purify water, for river crab
The effect of high-quality bait is provided, dispensing be easy to cause water quality too thin too much, moss mass propagation.Therefore described under normal conditions
The injected volume of spiral shell is 170~200kg/ mus.
Sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture is in the method for crab, in the integrated management step, to her
Happy algae carries out harvesting management and mows 3~May, promotes water plant growth using the method for mowing；6~August controls waterweed height
10~20cm prevents water plant floating from rotting；In river crab shell period, control waterweed height is not less than 20cm, in favor of river crab
Hidden and shell.
Sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture in the integrated management step, is also wrapped in the method for crab
Adjustment water level is included, early Febuary discharges water, and 3~May, water level was maintained at 40~50cm, and 6~August water level is maintained at 100~120cm, and 9
~November, water level was maintained at 70~80cm.Sandy soil area infiltration is very fast, should be according to the appropriate moisturizing of water level.Every 3 days of 3~May plus water 5~
10cm；High temperature season usually adds 5~10cm of water daily；It meets heavy rain or yellow plum season, water level is prominent when rising higher than 10cm, should arrange in time
Water.
Sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture in the integrated management step, is also wrapped in the method for crab
Regulation water quality, May are included, every 12~15d uses a biological agent；June, every 8~10d use a biological agent；7~August,
Every 5~7d uses a biological agent；After using 4~5d of biological agent every time, with a substrate modifier.Those skilled in the art
Member's periodic detection water quality, if discovery ammonia nitrogen or nitrite are excessively high, timely using improver of water quality improves water quality.
Sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture in the integrated management step, is also wrapped in the method for crab
Timely oxygenation is included, according to weather conditions reasonable employment aerator.
Sandy soil area area provided by the present invention pond culture in the integrated management step, is also wrapped in the method for crab
Regulation water quality is included, further includes bait feeding, in 3~May, feeds the man-made feeds of protein content 40~42%, man-made feeds are
0.07~0.42kg/ mus/day；6~August feeds the man-made feeds of protein content 30~36%, and 6-8 month man-made feeds are 0.42
~2.1kg/ mus/day；From early September, man-made feeds, animal feed and plant feed, the man-made feeds, animal feed are fed
It is 1:1.5:4~1:2:6 with the mass ratio of plant feed, man-made feeds protein content is 40~42%, man-made feeds are 0.9~
1.1kg/ mus/day.Those skilled in the art can rule of thumb, the appropriate adjustment feed dosage when feeding.According to " four when feeding
It is fixed, four see " principle, feed daily twice, early morning feeding volume accounts for 30%, and dusk feeding volume accounts for 70%, those skilled in the art
Feeding volume rule of thumb can be reasonably adjusted according to river crab food situation and weather.The man-made feeds be often referred to according to animal or
The growth demand of microorganism, the food manufactured with corresponding animals and plants or microorganism by some physics and chemical treatment.
The animal fodder is often referred to the feed living such as various insects, fish, shrimp and meat and fish meal, dried silkworm chrysalis meal, fly maggot powder, milk
Powder etc..The plant feed can be such as roughage, greenfeed, concentrated feed, root tuber tubers feed, specifically can be
Such as (ripe) corn etc..
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the husky successively raising sealing gap of pool bed mud is extracted with slush pump, reduces hole between the grains of sand using flat stifled mode,
Tamp Chi Geng more.
2. using bio-fertilizer in such a way that organic fertilizer combines, a small amount of repeatedly fertilising, make water body and substrate keep for a long time compared with
High fertility is conducive to the growth of water plant and planktonic organism.
3. when spring water plant grows, can promote water plant growth using the method mowed, preventing water plant from floating, high temperature season
When water plant suspend mode, water plant height can control, prevent TNE UPPER SEA TEMPERATURE is excessively high from water plant being made to rot, while controlling reasonable height and being also suitble to
The activity in pond of river crab.
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific specific example, those skilled in the art can be by this specification
Other advantages and efficacy of the present invention can be easily understood for disclosed content.The present invention can also pass through in addition different specific realities
The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also based on different viewpoints and application, without departing from
Various modifications or alterations are carried out under spirit of the invention.
In the following embodiments, reagent, material and the instrument used such as not special explanation, it is commercially available to obtain
?.
Embodiment 1
1. pond is built
20 mu of pond area, deep 1.5m, the wide 2m in the pool ridge, slope ratio 1:3；Bottom of pond is sandy soil area, and mud is less than 10cm, and irrigation and drainage are set
Apply complete, surrounding surrounds escaping-preventing facilities with iron sheet；Pond bottom is laid with microporous pipe, is supplied by Roots blower, every 10 mu mating
Power is 3 kilowatts.Sandy soil area Soils In The Region is cloddy structure, and mucosin content is low, vulnerable to current scour.If Chi Geng is lacked
Mouthful, whether great or small, part Chi Geng all should be all excavated, sealing gap, otherwise easily breaches a dyke again, and river crab is flowed out downstream to be escaped, and produces
Amount substantially reduces.According to sandy soil area Soils In The Region, in Riddled Condition, easily precipitating, porosity reduce and are formed plate-like feature,
It proposes to be layered raising sealing gap using by the way of flat block up, specific steps are as follows: (1) is with loam by notch side and back near water
Water side is filled to be flushed with the two sides Chi Geng, and every side is with a thickness of 0.3m~0.5m；(2) pond bottom is extracted using slush pump inside notch
Silt successively fills up, and method is by sandy soil from injection filling down at the top of the stalk notch of pond, and each packed height is 0.4m~0.5m,
It is completed to sediment deposition, top water layer is filled next time when limpider.
This method medium loam mainly plays fixed function, prevents sandy soil from gliding when accumulating to side.It can make pond using this method
The ridge is more tamped, without occurring obvious cracking trace or hidden danger again in mended indentation, there 5 years.
2. the whole pool cleans up the pond and shines the pool
Early December drains water after leveling pond, and exposure pond one week adds water 10cm, uses quick lime 150kg, tea per acre
Seed dregs of rice 10kg cleans up the pond, and thoroughly kills pathogen and harmful organism in pond.
3. water plant is planted
Late December transplants waterweed in pond, keeps the depth of water of 10cm, using the method cuttage kind for cutting stem segmentation
It plants, per acre 50kg, line space is 0.4 × 0.2m.
4. seed is put in a suitable place to breed
Late Febuary, Yu Chizhong stocking size be 100/kg " river sea 21 " high-quality crab species, 700 per acre.Mid-April,
The silver carp that specification is 0.5kg/ tail is launched, 2 tails and specification are bighead 4 tail per acre of 0.5kg/ tail per acre.It launches mid-May
Specification is the mandarin fish kind of 5~7cm, per acre 10 tail.At the beginning of 6 months, 0.15kg shrimp with ovums is put per acre.
5. fertilising training algae
Early March, when water temperature reaches 8~10 degrees Celsius, every 8 mu carry out rich water using 10kg amino acid Fertilizer water paste.April
The first tenday period of a month monthly apply compound fertilizer twice when water temperature reaches 15 DEG C or more, and 3 jin per acre.Each Shi Wan compound fertilizer after a week, every 6~
8 mu are applied 10kg amino acid Fertilizer water paste.To early June, temperature is higher, when water plant growing way is preferable, stops fertilising.
6. launching spiral shell
Early April chooses the produced free from admixture spiral shell of high-quality water body, launches by 200kg per acre into pond, plays purified water
Matter provides the effect of high-quality bait for river crab.
7. integrated management
(1) water level regulation
According to the principle of " preceding shallow, middle deep, rear steady ", 3-5 month water level is maintained at 0.4~0.5m, is conducive to the rising of water temperature
With the growth of water plant；The 6-8 month, water level are maintained at 1.2m or so, advantageously reduce bottom of pond water temperature；The 9-10 month, water level are gradually decreased to
0.8m.Sandy soil area infiltration is very fast, should be according to the appropriate moisturizing of water level.Every 3 days of the 3-5 month plus water 5cm；The 6-8 month usually daily plus water 5~
10cm；Meet heavy rain or yellow plum season, water level is prominent rise 10cm or more when, should drain in time.
(2) regulating and controlling water quality
Adhere to using biological agent and substrate modifier.Use a biological agent within every 15 days May；June, every 10 angel
With a biological agent；High temperature season uses a biological agent in every 5~7 days；Every time using after biological agent 4~5 days, use
Substrate modifier.Periodic detection water quality, if discovery ammonia nitrogen or nitrite are excessively high, timely using improver of water quality improves water
Matter.
(3) timely oxygenation
According to weather conditions reasonable employment aerator, muggy weather opens aerator to next morning at dusk；The high warm season
Section, midnight open aerator daybreak to next day；Unbroken wet weather whole day booting；It is switched in advance before thundery sky；Using effective drug, kill
When algae, aerator should be opened in time.
(4) water plant manages
Water plant coverage rate is maintained at 80~90% in the entire culture-cycle, and water plant needs to keep certain biomass in pond, by
Biomass is reduced in mowing, needs to improve coverage rate to guarantee biomass abundance.When 3-5 month water plant grows, using mowing
Method promotes water plant growth；The 6-8 month prevents water plant floating from rotting using the method control water plant height mowed in 20cm；River crab
Shell period guarantees that water plant height is not less than 20cm, in favor of the hidden and shell of river crab.
(5) bait feeding
That adheres to " both ends essence, intermediate thick " feeds standard, i.e. 3~June, feeds the man-made feeds of protein content 42%,
Man-made feeds are the kg/ mus/days 0.07kg~0.42kg；6~August part feeds 30% man-made feeds of protein content, man-made feeds
It is 0.42~2.1kg/ mus/day；From early September, the mixed feed of protein content 40% is fed, man-made feeds are 0.9kg/ mus/
It, and arrange in pairs or groups chilled fish and cooked maize, 1.8kg/ mus/day of fish, 5.4kg/ mus/day of corn, proportions 1:2:6.When feeding
According to the principle of " four is fixed, four see ", feed daily twice, early morning feeding volume accounts for 30%, and dusk feeding volume accounts for 70%, and according to river
Crab food situation and weather reasonably adjust feeding volume.
(6) disease control
The 6-8 month, allicin is added in feed, enhance the digestion power of river crab.When feeding chilled fish, carried out with saline solution
It is fed again after disinfection.
(7) integrated management
The daily pool of respectively patrolling sooner or later is primary, monitors water quality condition, observation cultivation object food situation with quick water quality monitoring box
With activity condition, check whether escaping-preventing facilities intact, the pool ridge whether leak, solves the problems, such as to find in time.Prevent water snake, old
The harmful organisms such as mouse, aquatic bird enter pond, once discovery is killed or is driven out of in time.It carries out to weather, temperature, water temperature, water quality, throwing
The record of bait, medication etc., is filled up on the record of production in time.
8. fishing in time
After freshwater shrimp reaches commercial specification, listing is caught in time with cage；Start by the end of September, catches river crab with cage, it will be different
The river crab of specification separates and temporarily supports in different net cages, needs gradually to sell according to market.
Comparative example 1
1. pond is built
20 mu of pond area, deep 1.5m, the wide 2m in the pool ridge, slope ratio 1:3；Bottom of pond is sandy soil area, and mud is less than 10cm, and irrigation and drainage are set
Apply complete, surrounding surrounds escaping-preventing facilities with iron sheet；Pond bottom is laid with microporous pipe, is supplied by Roots blower, every 10 mu mating
Power is 3 kilowatts.
2. the whole pool cleans up the pond and shines the pool
Early December drains water after leveling pond, and exposure pond one week adds water 10cm, uses quick lime 150kg, tea per acre
Seed dregs of rice 10kg cleans up the pond, and thoroughly kills pathogen and harmful organism in pond.
3. water plant is planted
Late December transplants waterweed in pond, keeps the depth of water of 10cm, using the method cuttage kind for cutting stem segmentation
It plants, per acre 50kg, line space is 3 × 4m.
4. seed is put in a suitable place to breed
Late Febuary, Yu Chizhong stocking size be 100/kg " river sea 21 " high-quality crab species, 700 per acre.Mid-April,
The silver carp that specification is 0.5kg/ tail is launched, 2 tails and specification are bighead 4 tail per acre of 0.5kg/ tail per acre.It launches mid-May
Specification is the mandarin fish kind of 5~7cm, per acre 10 tail.At the beginning of 6 months, 0.15kg shrimp with ovums is put per acre.
5. fertilising training algae
Early March, at 8~10 degrees Celsius of water temperature, 1.5 kilograms of urea per acre, 0.5 kilogram of compound fertilizer, monthly 2 times, on April
When 15 degrees Celsius of water temperature of ten days or more, monthly 2 kilograms of urea, 1 kilogram of compound fertilizer, monthly 4 times, until the higher water plant of early June temperature
Growing way preferably stops applying fertilizer.
6. launching spiral shell
Early April chooses the produced free from admixture spiral shell of high-quality water body, launches by 200kg per acre into pond, plays purified water
Matter provides the effect of high-quality bait for river crab.
7. integrated management
(1) water level regulation
According to the principle of " preceding shallow, middle deep, rear steady ", 3-5 month water level is maintained at 0.4~0.5m, is conducive to the rising of water temperature
With the growth of water plant；The 6-8 month, water level are maintained at 1.2m or so, advantageously reduce bottom of pond water temperature；The 9-10 month, water level are gradually decreased to
0.8m.Sandy soil area infiltration is very fast, should be according to the appropriate moisturizing of water level.Every 3 days of the 3-5 month plus water 5cm；The 6-8 month usually daily plus water 5~
10cm；Meet heavy rain or yellow plum season, water level is prominent rise 10cm or more when, should drain in time.
(2) regulating and controlling water quality
Adhere to using biological agent and substrate modifier.Use a biological agent within every 15 days May；June, every 10 angel
With a biological agent；High temperature season uses a biological agent in every 5~7 days；Every time using after biological agent 4~5 days, use
Substrate modifier.Periodic detection water quality, if discovery ammonia nitrogen or nitrite are excessively high, timely using improver of water quality improves water
Matter.
(3) timely oxygenation
According to weather conditions reasonable employment aerator, muggy weather opens aerator to next morning at dusk；The high warm season
Section, midnight open aerator daybreak to next day；Unbroken wet weather whole day booting；It is switched in advance before thundery sky；Using effective drug, kill
When algae, aerator should be opened in time.
(4) water plant manages
It does not mow in the entire culture-cycle.
(5) bait feeding
That adheres to " both ends essence, intermediate thick " feeds standard, i.e. 3~June, feeds the man-made feeds of protein content 42%,
Man-made feeds are the kg/ mus/days 0.07kg~0.42kg；6~August part feeds 30% man-made feeds of protein content, man-made feeds
It is 0.42~2.1kg/ mus/day；From early September, the mixed feed of protein content 40% is fed, man-made feeds are 0.9kg/ mus/
It, and arrange in pairs or groups chilled fish and cooked maize, 1.8kg/ mus/day of fish, 5.4kg/ mus/day of corn, proportions 1:2:6.When feeding
According to the principle of " four is fixed, four see ", feed daily twice, early morning feeding volume accounts for 30%, and dusk feeding volume accounts for 70%, and according to river
Crab food situation and weather reasonably adjust feeding volume.
(6) disease control
The 6-8 month, allicin is added in feed, enhance the digestion power of river crab.When feeding chilled fish, carried out with saline solution
It is fed again after disinfection.
(7) integrated management
The daily pool of respectively patrolling sooner or later is primary, monitors water quality condition, observation cultivation object food situation with quick water quality monitoring box
With activity condition, check whether escaping-preventing facilities intact, the pool ridge whether leak, solves the problems, such as to find in time.Prevent water snake, old
The harmful organisms such as mouse, aquatic bird enter pond, once discovery is killed or is driven out of in time.It carries out to weather, temperature, water temperature, water quality, throwing
The record of bait, medication etc., is filled up on the record of production in time.
8. fishing in time
After freshwater shrimp reaches commercial specification, listing is caught in time with cage；Start by the end of September, catches river crab with cage, it will be different
The river crab of specification separates and temporarily supports in different net cages, needs gradually to sell according to market.
The condition of production cultivated in the present embodiment at crab is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
In conclusion the present invention breaches a dyke according to sandy soil area area cultivating pool easy to leak, easily, is difficult to ensure fertilizer, difficult kind of careless spy
Point proposes that layering raising sealing gap, increase fertilizer application frequency, anti-drift of mowing prevent rotten method, solves sandy soil area area pond
The FAQs of crab farming can significantly improve the economic benefit and ecological benefits of culture of Chinese mitten crab.
The above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to the present invention in any form with substantial limitation,
It should be pointed out that under the premise of not departing from the method for the present invention, can also be made for those skilled in the art
Several improvement and supplement, these are improved and supplement also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.All those skilled in the art,
Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when made using disclosed above technology contents it is a little more
Dynamic, modification and the equivalent variations developed, are equivalent embodiment of the invention；Meanwhile all substantial technologicals pair according to the present invention
The variation, modification and evolution of any equivalent variations made by above-described embodiment, still fall within the range of technical solution of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of pond culture of sandy soil area area is at the method for crab, which comprises
1) pond is built: 10~40 mu of the pond area, slope ratio 1:(2.5~3)；Bottom of pond is sandy soil area, inspects periodically Chi Geng
And sealing gap, the notch first side and land side will be filled to and be flushed with the two sides Chi Geng near water with loam, then be extracted with slush pump
Pond bottom silt successively fills up；
2) water plant is planted: late December last year plants waterweed in pond；
3) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: late Febuary launches crab species；
4) fertilising training algae: being used alternatingly bio-fertilizer 3~June and inorganic fertilizer carries out multiple rich water；
5) launch spiral shell: early April launches spiral shell；
6) integrated management: 3~September carries out harvesting management to waterweed；
7) harvest river crab: late September~November harvests river crab.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method also includes carrying out the whole pool, cleaning up the pond and shining the pool, in
It carries out the whole pool December, clean up the pond and shines the pool, cleaned up the pond using quick lime and tea seed cake mixing.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein keeping the water of 10~20cm in the water plant plantation step
It is deep, it is planted using the method cuttage for cutting stem segmentation, per acre 40~50kg, line space is 0.3 × 0.2~0.4 × 0.2m.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilising training algae step in, early March, every 6~8 mu
Rich water is carried out using 8~10kg bio-fertilizer；It monthly applies inorganic fertilizer twice 4~May, 1.5~2 jin per acre, has applied inorganic fertilizer every time
After a week, 8~10kg bio-fertilizer is reused for every 6~8 mu, until early June stops fertilising.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein it further includes launching silver carp that the seed puts step in a suitable place to breed mid-April
Fish and bighead launch mandarin fish kind mid-May, and early June launches shrimp with ovums.
6. according to claim 1 with method described in 5, which is characterized in that the seed is put in a suitable place to breed in step, and the crab strain specification is
100~120/kg, 700~800 are launched per acre；The silver carp specification is 0.3~0.5kg/ tail, launches 2~4 tails per acre；
The bighead specification is 0.3~0.5kg/ tail, launches 4~8 tails per acre；The mandarin fish kind specification is 5~7cm, per acre 10~20
Tail；The shrimp with ovums launches 0.1~0.2kg per acre.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein being gathered in the integrated management step to waterweed
Management, 3~May mow, and it is 10~20cm that 6~August, which controls waterweed height, and in river crab shell period, control waterweed height is not
Lower than 20cm.
It further include adjustment water level 8. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the integrated management step, 2
The first tenday period of a month moon discharge water, and 3~May, water level was maintained at 40~50cm, and 6~August water level is maintained at 100~120cm, and water level in 9~November is protected
It holds in 70~80cm.
It further include regulation water quality 9. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the integrated management step, 5
Month, every 12~15d uses a biological agent；June, every 8~10d use a biological agent；7~August, every 5~7d are used
Biological agent；After using 4~5d of biological agent every time, with a substrate modifier.
10. it further include regulation water quality the method according to claim 1, wherein in the integrated management step,
Further include bait feeding, in 3~May, feeds the man-made feeds of protein content 40~42%, man-made feeds are 0.07~0.42kg/
Mu/day；6~August, feeds the man-made feeds of protein content 30~36%, and 6-8 month man-made feeds are 0.42~2.1kg/ mus/days；
From early September, man-made feeds, animal feed and plant feed, the matter of the man-made feeds, animal feed and plant feed are fed
Amount is than being 1:1.5:4~1:2:6, and man-made feeds protein content is 40~42%, and man-made feeds are 0.9~1.1kg/ mus/days.
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