CN103385190A - Symbiotic cultivation method of odontobutis obscura, snails and river crabs - Google Patents
Symbiotic cultivation method of odontobutis obscura, snails and river crabs Download PDFInfo
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- CN103385190A CN103385190A CN2013102869661A CN201310286966A CN103385190A CN 103385190 A CN103385190 A CN 103385190A CN 2013102869661 A CN2013102869661 A CN 2013102869661A CN 201310286966 A CN201310286966 A CN 201310286966A CN 103385190 A CN103385190 A CN 103385190A
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- river crab
- odontobutis obscura
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a symbiotic cultivation method of odontobutis obscura, snails and river crabs, comprising the processes including preparing a culture pond, breeding silver carp fries, breeding juvenile freshwater shrimps, breeding juvenile river crabs, daily management and the like. The method can enable that the three types of aquatic animals are symbiotic in the same culture pond, mutual matching among the aquatic animals can be realized, after silver carps and the river crabs eat vegetable feed, the excreta can also serve as the food of freshwater shrimps, the freshwater shrimps can clean water quality to a certain extent, and by adopting the method, the yield is greatly improved, and the higher survival rates of the juvenile freshwater shrimps, the silver carp fries and the juvenile river crabs are also ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, particularly a kind of Odontobutis obscura, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method.
Background technology
The river crab formal name used at school is Eriocheir sinensia Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards, is a kind of economic crab, is one of traditional famous and precious aquatic products of China.The river crab fast growth, specification is large, premunition is strong, delicious flavour, is one of delicacies of liking of people.
Reach the Zhujiang River in China in the south North gets the Liaohe River, extensively distribute on very long coastline, wherein maximum with ChangJiang River output, mouthfeel is the most delicious.Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River is the important cultivation objects in area such as the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, its cultivation history is two more than ten years, since the last century the eighties, China has extensively carried out river crab artificial breeding and cultivation, development through more than two decades, culture of Chinese mitten crab had become the industry that China shows unique characteristics already, and had formed the production system of industrialization.And formed the production system of industrialization.Along with the expansion of cultivation scale and the raising of the level of consumption, how the culture of Chinese mitten crab industry, with the increase of the raising by simple output and the quantity transformation towards the direction of paying attention to Improve Efficiency and quality, realizes that growth, the synergy of culture of Chinese mitten crab has become crab agriculture question of common concern.
Odontobutis obscura (Odontobutisobscurus) is subordinate to Perciformes, Eleotridae, Odontobutis, is the common a kind of small-sized economic fish in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River.Because of perverse few between its flesh, contain the meat amount high, nutritious and become ordinarily resident's homely dish.By the differentiation of mass type to nutrition type, the Odontobutis obscura valued of not behaving in the past more and more is subject to consumer's favor along with people's diet idea.Along with the quickening of socio-economic development and the pollution aggravation of natural water area, the living environment of Odontobutis obscura constantly is on the hazard, and stock number reduces sharply, and this makes the market price of Odontobutis obscura climb up and up, and supply falls short of demand.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of productive rate is high, survival rate is high Odontobutis obscura, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method.
Technical scheme: a kind of Odontobutis obscura provided by the invention, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method comprise the following steps:
(1) culturing pool is prepared: prepare the degree of depth and be the culturing pool more than 1.5 meters, the culturing pool bottom is provided with 5-15cm mud, and a corral hurdle is set in culturing pool, culturing pool is divided into the pasture and water protection zone and river crab is supported district temporarily; To splash in pond after every mu of being watered of 100-150Kg quicklime slurry, 15-20 days is exposed to the sun; After annotating the water of 20-30cm height, planting aquatic plants in the pasture and water protection zone, keep water plants to account for the 60-70% of the total water surface area of culturing pool; The 3-4 month, every mu of water surface drops into the fertilizer of 100kg, and after first quarter moon, every mu of water surface drops into the 50kg nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer;
(2) river crab seedling and Odontobutis obscura parent put in a suitable place to breed: in March, the river crab seedling is put in a suitable place to breed to river crab and supported in district temporarily, the Odontobutis obscura parent is put in a suitable place to breed to the pasture and water protection zone, spiral shell is put in a suitable place to breed to culturing pool;
(3) daily management: note emphatically the management of several respects:
The first, feed: the 3-4 month is dropped into fertilizer and nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, makes in culturing pool and grows wheel animalcule and cladocera, copepods zooplankton, as the bait of river crab seedling and Odontobutis obscura; After May, drop into feed of animal origin and vegetable feed, wherein feed of animal origin comprises spiral shell, small fish and shrimp, and vegetable feed comprises wheat, pumpkin, corn; Throw in every day once, drop into during 4-6 in the afternoon;
The second, guarantee clean water quality nutrition: running check water quality is also changed water, in time skims surplus food and dirt, keeps the Chi Shui cleaning;
The 3rd, natural enemy is prevented in diseases prevention;
The 4th, blue algae prevention, prevent anoxic.
In step (1), described water plants is waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass and water peanut.
In step (2), river crab seedling breeding density is 800-900/mu.
In step (2), spiral shell breeding density is 500Kg/ mu.
In step (2), Odontobutis obscura breeding density is 800-1000/mu.
In step (3), each feed of animal origin that drops into and the gross mass of vegetable feed are the 3-5% of Odontobutis obscura in culturing pool, spiral shell and river crab TBW, and the mass ratio of feed of animal origin and vegetable feed is 1:(1-2).
In step (3), changing the water spacer time is 3-5 days.
Beneficial effect: Odontobutis obscura provided by the invention, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method can make three kinds of aquatic animal symbiosis in same culturing pool, can work in coordination between it is mutual, and spiral shell not only can be used as one of feed of river crab, and can purify water.
Embodiment
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.Yet, those skilled in the art will readily understand, the described concrete material proportion of embodiment, process conditions and result thereof only are used for explanation the present invention, and should also can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims.
2012 in Jurong City, Jiangsu Province, adopts above-mentioned Odontobutis obscura, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method to raise Odontobutis obscura, spiral shell and river crab, specifically adopts following steps:
One. the preparation of culturing pool
Prepare the degree of depth and be the culturing pool more than 1.5 meters, a corral hurdle is set in culturing pool, culturing pool is divided into the pasture and water protection zone and river crab is supported district temporarily; Pond protecting slope is complete, and drainage system, than 1: 3, is annotated perfect in slope, and is equipped with microporous pipeline oxygenation facility.
Clean up the pond, drain Chi Shui winter, remove too much mud, make mud keep 5-15 centimetre of left and right, mu is with full pool spilling head after 100 kilograms～150 kilograms being watered slurries of quicklime, with thorough disinfection, except wild, and tanned by the sun 15 days～20 days, to reach the purpose of removing harmful pathogen.
After sterilization one is all, water filling is 20 centimetres～30 centimetres, plants compound pasture and water, and namely waterweed ，Zai Chi center is planted with planting hydrilla verticillata and eel grass by place, shallow slope, and adds the fence facility; With the fixing water peanut band of rope, the Elisha sleeper perches at darker circular groove place.
Fertilising in March～April, mu are used through 100 kilograms of the fertilizer of fermentation sterilization or biological organic fertilizers, and after first quarter moon, mu imposes 50 kilograms of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizers, both can promote the pasture and water growth, suppresses the generation of moss, can cultivate again the plankton in pond.
Two. seed is put in a suitable place to breed
In March, the specification river crab seedling that is 100/kilogram is put in a suitable place to breed to river crab and supported temporarily in district; With 10 groups be well-proportioned, physique is healthy and strong, anosis Odontobutis obscura parent without wound puts in a suitable place to breed to the pasture and water protection zone, every group comprises 1 female Odontobutis obscura parent and 3 male Odontobutis obscura parents, wherein, male Odontobutis obscura parent specification is at 80 grams/only, and female Odontobutis obscura parent specification is at 70 grams/only; Spiral shell is put in a suitable place to breed to culturing pool; River crab seedling breeding density is 800-900/mu; Spiral shell breeding density is 500Kg/ mu; Odontobutis obscura breeding density is 800-1000/mu.Place simultaneously the cage of two both ends opens in the pasture and water protection zone, as artificial fish nest, favourable Odontobutis obscura fertilized egg is adhered to hatching, takes out cage after the phase of breeding by the end of April finishes.
Three. daily management
Note emphatically the management of several respects:
(1) feed
The 3-4 month is dropped into fertilizer and nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, makes in culturing pool and grows wheel animalcule and cladocera, copepods zooplankton, as the bait of river crab seedling and the Odontobutis obscura seedling that just hatched; After May, drop into feed of animal origin and vegetable feed, wherein feed of animal origin comprises spiral shell, small fish and shrimp, and vegetable feed comprises wheat, pumpkin, corn; Throw in every day once, drop into during 4-6 in the afternoon; Each feed of animal origin that drops into and the gross mass of vegetable feed are the 3-5% of Odontobutis obscura in culturing pool, spiral shell and river crab TBW, and the mass ratio of feed of animal origin and vegetable feed is 1:(1-2).The spiral shell of regulating and controlling water quality filter-feeding is not only the high-quality fresh living bait of river crab, and can purify pond water quality, improves water transparency, and the spiral shell of input is stabilizing water quality preferably.
(2) guarantee clean water quality nutrition
Running check water quality is also changed water, in time skims surplus food and dirt, keeps the Chi Shui cleaning; Along with the continuous rising of temperature, constantly heighten water level, once, each 10 centimetres～20 centimetres, megathermal period pond water level remains on l rice left and right in one water filling in 7 days～10 days.For keeping the good water quality in pond, in May～September, mu is with 2 kilograms of substrate modifiers or mu with EM bacterium source, reveal 500 milliliters, is watered full pond and sprinkles and water, and be used alternatingly, and consumption, time look the water quality situation and can appropriately adjust.Sprinkle while watering and in time open microporous pipeline oxygenation facility.
Because of the root of river crab happiness food eel grass,, therefore should adopt the method that increases the bait feeding amount to be protected, to suffering the eel grass that river crab is destroyed, should in time pull out, prevent from rotting to ruin water quality; That growing very easily appears in waterweed is overstocked, the phenomenon on the envelope pool,, therefore should come at high temperature season temporarily, uses the method for cutting stubble, namely, with dragging cutter that the upper semisection of waterweed is cut off, makes it sink to 20 centimetres of left and right under water., to increase the quantity of illumination of water body, promote the photosynthesis of pasture and water.
(3) the anti-natural enemy of diseases prevention;
Extermination of disease and insect pest work, take river crab as main, is taked " prevention and control guarantor " measure the whole year." prevent ": on May, sentence mu is splashed sterilization once with clean 200 grams of fine worm, the pharmaceutical chemistry made of for oral administration 2% Chinese herbal medicine and 1% LIJUNJING simultaneously, connect hello 3 days～5 days." control ": after bai-u rainy period finished, mu was watered with 200 milliliters of the iodine medicaments of l% the full pond of splashing, and the pharmaceutical chemistry made of the neomycinsulphate of for oral administration 2% Chinese herbal medicine and 1%, connect hello 5 days～7 days." guarantor ": the water body disinfection medication is pressed the off-drug period regulation of medicine and is carried out, and guarantees the healthy listing of river crab., owing to having implemented " prevention and control guarantor " pest control measure, all there do not is damage by disease and insect to occur during river crab, Odontobutis obscura cultivation.
(4) blue algae prevention, prevent anoxic.
Daily management is adhered to every morning and is respectively patrolled the pool once at dusk, observe pond change of water quality, the growth of pasture and water and ingesting and the activity situation of river crab and Odontobutis obscura, note oxygenation and draining after heavy rain, note simultaneously checking pond whether anti-to escape facility intact, prevent river crab and Odontobutis obscura flight.
(6) fish for listing
Fish for river crab, Odontobutis obscura listing in good time.Odontobutis obscura is the low temperature fish, and after river crab was fished for end, the available string bag method that steal or the dried pool catch under pasture and water was fished for Odontobutis obscura.Select that gonadal maturation, body surface are normal, the Odontobutis obscura that comes off without scale is as parent, is conservation in the coming year, all the other can sell in good time.
Gather in the crops by the end of September river crab, January next year and gather in the crops Odontobutis obscura.Before throwing in seedling, weigh, weigh during results heavily.Animal health condition is observed and recorded to experimental session.And equal number Odontobutis obscura, spiral shell, the existing commonsense method cultivation of Odontobutis obscura employing are set as a control group.
Table 1 average weight gain
Table 2 lethality
Result shows, the average daily gain of experimental group is apparently higher than control group.The experimental group lethality is relative with control group to be reduced greatly.
Claims (7)
1. an Odontobutis obscura, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) culturing pool is prepared: prepare the degree of depth and be the culturing pool more than 1.5 meters, the culturing pool bottom is provided with 5-15cm mud, and a corral hurdle is set in culturing pool, culturing pool is divided into the pasture and water protection zone and river crab is supported district temporarily; To splash in pond after every mu of being watered of 100-150Kg quicklime slurry, 15-20 days is exposed to the sun; After annotating the water of 20-30cm height, planting aquatic plants in the pasture and water protection zone, keep water plants to account for the 60-70% of the total water surface area of culturing pool; The 3-4 month, every mu of water surface drops into the fertilizer of 100kg, and after first quarter moon, every mu of water surface drops into the 50kg nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer;
(2) river crab seedling and Odontobutis obscura parent put in a suitable place to breed: in March, the river crab seedling is put in a suitable place to breed to river crab and supported in district temporarily, the Odontobutis obscura parent is put in a suitable place to breed to the pasture and water protection zone, spiral shell is put in a suitable place to breed to culturing pool;
(3) daily management: note emphatically the management of several respects:
The first, feed: the 3-4 month is dropped into fertilizer and nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, makes in culturing pool and grows wheel animalcule and cladocera, copepods zooplankton, as the bait of river crab seedling and Odontobutis obscura; After May, drop into feed of animal origin and vegetable feed, wherein feed of animal origin comprises spiral shell, small fish and shrimp, and vegetable feed comprises wheat, pumpkin, corn; Throw in every day once, drop into during 4-6 in the afternoon;
The second, guarantee clean water quality nutrition: running check water quality is also changed water, in time skims surplus food and dirt, keeps the Chi Shui cleaning;
The 3rd, natural enemy is prevented in diseases prevention;
The 4th, blue algae prevention, prevent anoxic.
2. a kind of Odontobutis obscura according to claim 1, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method, it is characterized in that: in step (1), described water plants is waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass and water peanut.
3. a kind of Odontobutis obscura according to claim 1, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method is characterized in that: in step (2), river crab seedling breeding density be 800-900 only/mu.
4. a kind of Odontobutis obscura according to claim 1, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method, it is characterized in that: in step (2), spiral shell breeding density is 500Kg/ mu.
5. a kind of Odontobutis obscura according to claim 1, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method is characterized in that: in step (2), Odontobutis obscura breeding density be 800-1000 only/mu.
6. a kind of Odontobutis obscura according to claim 1, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method, it is characterized in that: in step (3), each feed of animal origin that drops into and the gross mass of vegetable feed are the 3-5% of Odontobutis obscura in culturing pool, spiral shell and river crab TBW, and the mass ratio of feed of animal origin and vegetable feed is 1:(1-2).
7. a kind of Odontobutis obscura according to claim 1, spiral shell and river crab symbiosis cultural method, it is characterized in that: in step (3), changing the water spacer time is 3-5 days.
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Cited By (11)
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| CN103667499A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-03-26 | 南京师范大学 | Primer and method for identifying odontobutis potamophila, o. yaluensis and o. sinensis |
| CN103931524A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-23 | 苏州大学 | Enclosure intercultural mode and aquaculture method thereof |
| CN104285853A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2015-01-21 | 珠海市斗门区河口渔业研究所 | Ecological prevention and control method of river mouth zone shrimp pond mixed spiral shells |
| CN104396839A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-03-11 | 安徽裕农生态农业发展有限公司 | Mixed cultivation method of odontobutis obscurus |
| CN104813969A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-05 | 雍自玲 | Method for cultivating snail under artificial outdoor environment |
| CN105028282A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-11 | 安徽裕农生态农业发展有限公司 | Odontobutisobscura and soil loach mixed breeding method |
| CN105104260A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-02 | 安徽裕农生态农业发展有限公司 | Odontobutis obscura and freshwater shrimp mixed culturing method |
| CN105309356A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-10 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Efficient culturing method for intercropping odontobutis obscura in crab pond |
| WO2017107032A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | 唐金贵 | Simulated ecological breeding method for odontobutis obscura |
| CN106954571A (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-07-18 | 深圳市澳华农牧有限公司 | Cray, the double stubble alternate culture sets in river crab pond support Micropterus salmonoides cultural method |
| CN108834964A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-11-20 | 陈晨 | A kind of efficient cultural method of spiral shell |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103667499A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-03-26 | 南京师范大学 | Primer and method for identifying odontobutis potamophila, o. yaluensis and o. sinensis |
| CN103931524A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-23 | 苏州大学 | Enclosure intercultural mode and aquaculture method thereof |
| CN103931524B (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2016-11-09 | 苏州大学 | A kind of net encloses set and supports pattern and cultural method thereof |
| CN104285853B (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-05-18 | 珠海市斗门区河口渔业研究所 | The ecological preventing control method of the assorted spiral shell in the shrimp pool, a kind of Hekou District |
| CN104285853A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2015-01-21 | 珠海市斗门区河口渔业研究所 | Ecological prevention and control method of river mouth zone shrimp pond mixed spiral shells |
| CN104396839A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-03-11 | 安徽裕农生态农业发展有限公司 | Mixed cultivation method of odontobutis obscurus |
| CN104813969A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-05 | 雍自玲 | Method for cultivating snail under artificial outdoor environment |
| CN105104260A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-02 | 安徽裕农生态农业发展有限公司 | Odontobutis obscura and freshwater shrimp mixed culturing method |
| CN105028282A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-11 | 安徽裕农生态农业发展有限公司 | Odontobutisobscura and soil loach mixed breeding method |
| CN105309356A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-10 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Efficient culturing method for intercropping odontobutis obscura in crab pond |
| WO2017107032A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | 唐金贵 | Simulated ecological breeding method for odontobutis obscura |
| CN106954571A (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-07-18 | 深圳市澳华农牧有限公司 | Cray, the double stubble alternate culture sets in river crab pond support Micropterus salmonoides cultural method |
| CN108834964A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-11-20 | 陈晨 | A kind of efficient cultural method of spiral shell |
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Application publication date: 20131113 |