CN106954571A - Cray, the double stubble alternate culture sets in river crab pond support Micropterus salmonoides cultural method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and discloses a method for raising California perch in double-stubble rotation in ponds with crayfish and river crabs, including pond preparation, temporary cultivation of crab seedlings in special ponds, stocking and breeding of lobster seedlings, and California seabass seedlings Stocking, lobster fishing and marketing, stocking and breeding of river crab seedlings after temporary breeding, utilization of temporary breeding ponds, daily management, fishing and marketing of river crabs and California perch, etc. The present invention comprehensively considers the growth characteristics and living habits of river crabs, crayfish and California perch. In the early stage of river crab growth, the pond space is used to breed crayfish first. After the crayfish are caught before the end of July, the river crabs are mainly raised, and they are nested in the breeding pond. Controlling small miscellaneous fish in ponds by California perch is conducive to improving the utilization rate and economic benefits of crab ponds.

Description

Crayfish and river crab pond double crop rotation nested culture method of raising California perch

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating California perch in double-crop rotation in a pond.

Background technique

River crab, scientific name Chinese mitten crab, crayfish, scientific name Procambarus clarkii, both are very important special aquaculture species in China, and are cultivated in Jiangsu, Hubei, Anhui and many other provinces. Because river crabs and crayfish are both benthic crustaceans, the activities of the crayfish are not conducive to the growth of river crabs when they live together, and will reduce the survival rate of moulting of river crabs. Therefore, in farming practice, many farmers use quicklime, bleaching powder and other drugs to clear the ponds before stocking crab species in the river crab ponds at the beginning of the year, so as to kill crayfish and other organisms. However, in the early stage of crab breeding (before the end of July), the individual crabs are still small, and the amount of storage ponds is small, and the required breeding space is also small. Therefore, the river crab breeding ponds are not fully utilized at this stage, which reduces the breeding income. In addition, in the process of river crab breeding, due to reasons such as the hatching of fish eggs brought in by water changes and fry brought in by water changes, there will be many small miscellaneous fish in the pond. Oxygen in the water is consumed, thereby affecting the growth of crayfish and river crabs. The California perch is a carnivorous fish that likes to eat small individual aquatic animals such as small fish in the water, and does not grab feed from river crabs. It is currently very popular in the market, and the market price is more than 12 yuan/catties.

Chinese patent 201210194737.2 discloses a method for polyculture of river crabs, crayfish and mandarin fish, comprising the following steps: pond construction, clear pond disinfection, planting water plants, feeding snails, seed disinfection, seed stocking, feed feeding, water quality control, Product fishing. However, river crabs and crayfish began to be cocultured very early. Both are benthic animals. When mixed, crayfish affect the survival and molting of river crabs, thereby affecting the size and output of river crabs.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of crayfish, river crab pond double-stubble rotation culture and the cultivation method of nesting California perch, under the premise of not affecting the breeding output and quality of adult crabs, by cultivating a crop of crayfish in the early stage, in the cultivation pond Medium-range breeding of California perch can increase the income of about 3,300 yuan per mu of adult crab breeding ponds, and significantly improve the utilization rate and economic benefits of crab ponds.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The method for cultivating California perch in double crop rotation in ponds with crayfish and river crabs comprises the following steps:

S1. Pond preparation: Prepare two ponds, one large and one small. The large pond is the main pond for raising crabs, and the small pond is the temporary pond for holding crabs. Plant aquatic plants before mid-February;

S2. Temporary breeding in special pools for crab seedlings: Stock crabs in temporary breeding ponds before Qingming Festival;

S3. Stocking and culturing of lobster seedlings: stocking crayfish seedlings in the main pond in April, and the breeding cycle is 2 to 3 months;

S4. Stocking of California sea bass fry: stock California sea bass in the main pond from the end of May to the beginning of June, and the stocking time is more than one week before the time of the crab stocking;

S5. Lobster fishing is on the market: lobsters start to be caught in mid-May, and the big ones are kept small; a large number of lobsters are caught in mid-June, regardless of the size, and all are caught for sale; in early July, they are fished in ground cages specially used to catch crayfish; because the pond itself has a small amount Lobsters, so although the lobsters put in need to be raised for 2 to 3 months, in fact, fishing can start in mid-May;

S6, stocking and culturing of river crab seedlings after temporary breeding: after the second moulting or third moulting of crabs is completed, the crabs in the ponds for temporary cultivation will be transferred to the main pond from the beginning of June;

S7. Utilization of temporary breeding ponds: After the crabs are caught, the ponds are cleared, grass is planted, and some crabs are caught from the main ponds for stocking;

S8. Daily management: aquatic plant maintenance, water quality control, bait feeding and anti-escape and anti-theft;

S9, river crab and California bass fishing are listed.

Further, the area ratio of the main pond and the temporary pond is 6-8:1.

Further, in the step S2, the crabs are stocked at a density of 8000-12000/mu, and the stocking size is about 5g/crab.

Further, in the step S3, the stocking density of crayfish seedlings is 5000-8000/mu, and the stocking specification is 200-400/kg.

Further, in the step S3, the artificial compound feed with a protein content of 32% is fed, and the substrate and water quality are well regulated during the breeding process.

Further, in the step S4, the California perch fry are stocked at a density of 30-40 per mu, and the perch is not fed with compound feed during the entire breeding process, and the perch is allowed to prey on small and medium-sized miscellaneous fish in the pond.

Further, the ground cage specially for catching crayfish includes a cylindrical net bag and a keel, and the keels are fixed on the cylindrical net bag at equal intervals, and a plastic sheet is installed in the mouth of the ground cage, and the width of the plastic sheet is about 3/5. The perimeter of the cage mouth, the plastic sheet is not less than 25cm, and the ground cage mouth is tied to the fixed pole with a fixed rope.

Further, in the step S6, the stocking density of the crabs in the main pond is about 700/mu.

Further, the step S8 bait feeding: after the crab species are put in, feed the river crab high temperature sinking extruded feed with 36% protein content; 20 days before the last molting, feed the river crab strong crab feed with 40% protein content ; After the last molting is completed, feed the river crab fattening feed with 35% protein content.

Further, river crabs are caught with bare hands or in crab pots, and California bass are caught with nets before drying the pond.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. Under the premise of not affecting the yield and quality of adult crab culture, the present invention can increase the income of about 3300 yuan per mu of adult crab culture ponds by cultivating a crop of crayfish in the early stage and raising California perch, which significantly improves the crab pond. utilization and economic benefits.

2. The present invention does not feed frozen miscellaneous fish in the whole process, which reduces the disease risk of river crabs and the labor intensity of raising crabs, and protects the ecological environment.

3. The present invention adopts an improved ground cage specially for catching crayfish, which reduces the chance of crayfish escaping when the mouth of the ground cage shakes. The recapture rate of crayfish is high, and there are few remaining individuals, which has little influence on the cultivation of river crabs.

4. The crabs are transferred to the pond after sloughing their shells twice in the temporary breeding pond, which eliminates the weak crabs, improves the survival rate of adult crabs, reduces the occurrence of diseases, and improves the breeding efficiency.

5. In the breeding mode of the present invention, commercial crayfish will be sold in May, which will speed up capital turnover.

6. Control the small miscellaneous fish in the pond by raising California perch, which reduces the small miscellaneous fish grabbing the crab bait and consuming oxygen in the pond water, which is conducive to the growth of the river crab, and transforms the small miscellaneous fish into high-value commercial fish, increasing the Breeding benefits.

7. It reduces the risk caused by excessive fluctuations in the price of cultivated river crabs.

8. Through the control of feeding and fishing time, the impact of crayfish on the survival and molting of river crabs in the polyculture mode is avoided.

The present invention comprehensively considers the growth characteristics and living habits of river crabs, crayfish and California perch. In the early stage of river crab growth, the pond space is used to breed crayfish first. After the crayfish are caught before the end of July, the river crabs are mainly raised, and they are nested in the breeding pond. California perch controls the small miscellaneous fish in the pond, and under the premise of not affecting the yield and quality of adult crab culture, by cultivating a batch of crayfish in the early stage and inter-raising California perch, the utilization rate and economic benefits of the crab pond are improved; the key of the present invention The points are the temporary breeding of crab button seedlings, stocking of California perch fry, selective fishing of crayfish, crayfish control technology in the later stage of breeding (cutting off some aquatic plants, placing ground cages in grass-free places during the day, and catching crayfish) and after temporary breeding. Stocking technology of large-scale crab seedlings (stocking time, size and density). Using this ecological breeding method, large-scale crayfish usually start to be sold in large quantities at the end of May, and are basically sold out at the beginning of July, which basically does not affect the output and specifications of river crab farming. The commercial lobsters produced per mu are about 100kg, and the average size is about 40/kg. The output of crab farming is 75-100kg, the average weight of female crabs is about 130g, the average weight of male crabs is about 180g, the yield per mu of California perch is about 15kg, and the increased income per mu of adult crab breeding ponds is about 3300 yuan.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the ground cage specially caught crayfish of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1

Follow the steps below to carry out the cultivation of California perch in double crop rotation in ponds with crayfish and river crabs:

1. Pond preparation: Prepare two ponds, one large and one small. The large pond is 12 mu as the main pond, and the small pond is 2 mu as the crab temporary pond. The area ratio of the main pond and the temporary pond is 6:1. On the 10th, aquatic plants (Elodea) were planted in the entire pond, and the pond was equipped with a microporous aeration system at the bottom to ensure that the crayfish were not hypoxic.

S2. Temporary breeding in the special pool for crab seedlings: on March 5, after the aquatic plants grow well, stock high-quality crabs in the temporary breeding pond. The stocking density is 10,000/mu, and the stocking size is about 5g/piece.

3. Stocking and breeding of lobster seedlings: On April 3rd, the crayfish seedlings were stocked in the main pond, the stocking density was 6,000/mu, the stocking size was 200/kg, and high-quality artificial compound feed with a protein content of 32% was fed during the breeding period. , Regulate the substrate and water quality during the breeding process.

4. Stocking of California perch fry: On May 26, California perch was stocked in the main pond, with a stocking density of 30 fish/mu and a fry size of about 10 cm. During the entire breeding process, the perch was not fed with compound feed and allowed to prey on small and medium-sized miscellaneous fish in the pond.

5. Lobster fishing is on the market: lobster fishing will start on May 12th, and the big ones will be kept small; on June 12th, a large number of fish will be caught. At this time, the water plants in the pond ring ditch will be cut off, and the ground cages will be placed in the ring ditch during the day, regardless of the size. For sale; in order not to affect the growth of river crabs in the later stage, they were caught on July 2 with special ground cages for catching crayfish. As shown in 1, the ground cage specially for catching crayfish comprises a cylindrical net bag 1, keels 6, and the keels 6 are fixed on the cylindrical net bag 1 at equal intervals, and plastic sheet 3 is housed in the mouth of the ground cage 2, and the plastic sheet 3 The width of the cage is about 3/5 of the perimeter of the cage, the plastic sheet 3 is not less than 25cm, and the cage mouth 2 is tied to the fixed rod 5 with a fixed rope 4; all the crayfish are caught by July 14, and the harvested small The average size of lobster is 36.7/kg, and the commercial lobster yield per mu is 98.1kg.

6. Stocking and breeding of river crab seedlings after temporary breeding: After the second molting of the crabs is completed, the crabs in the temporary breeding pond will be caught in ground cages from June 2, and transferred to the main breeding pond. The average weight of river crabs is 28.9g, and the stocking density is 750/mu. At this time, there are relatively few lobsters in the pond, and the interval between the fourth and fifth molting of river crabs is relatively long. A small amount of lobster has little effect on the growth of river crab.

7. Temporary pond utilization: After the crabs are caught, the ponds are cleared, grass is planted, and some crabs are caught from the main ponds for stocking. The stocking density is the same as that of the main ponds, and the California perch is also stocked with the main ponds.

8. Daily management: Same as the conventional crayfish and river crab breeding management technology, do a good job in aquatic plant conservation, water quality control, bait feeding and anti-escape and anti-theft work; Extruded feed to improve immunity and safely survive the high temperature period; 20 days before the last molting, feed 40% protein content of strong crab feed to improve the crab size; after the last molting, feed 35% protein content River crab fattening feed can promote gonad development and increase fatness.

9. Fishing of river crabs and California perch: After November, catch river crabs with bare hands or in crab pots, and catch California perch with nets before the dry pond.

Example 2

Follow the steps below to carry out the cultivation of California perch in double crop rotation in ponds with crayfish and river crabs:

1. Pond preparation: Prepare two ponds, one large and one small. The large pond is 14 mu as the main pond, and the small pond is 2 mu as the crab temporary pond. The area ratio of the main pond and the temporary pond is 7:1. On the 5th of May, the whole pond was planted with aquatic plants (Elodea), and the pond was required to be equipped with a microporous aeration system at the bottom to ensure that the crayfish were not hypoxic.

S2. Temporary breeding in the special pond for crab seedlings: on March 10, after the aquatic plants grow well, stock high-quality crabs in the temporary breeding pond. The stocking density is 9000/mu, and the stocking size is about 5g/piece.

3. Stocking and breeding of lobster seedlings: On April 6th, the crayfish seedlings were stocked in the main pond, the stocking density was 8,000/mu, and the stocking standard was 300/kg. During the breeding period, high-quality artificial compound feed with a protein content of 32% was fed. , Regulate the substrate and water quality during the breeding process.

4. Stocking of California perch fry: On June 3, the California perch was stocked in the main pond, with a stocking density of 35 fish/mu and a fry size of about 10 cm. During the entire breeding process, the perch was not fed with compound feed and allowed to prey on small and medium-sized miscellaneous fish in the pond.

5. Lobster fishing is on the market: lobster fishing starts on May 15th, big catches and small ones; large-scale fishing starts on June 16th. At this time, the aquatic plants in the pond ring ditch are cut off, and ground cages are placed in the ring ditch during the day, regardless of size. For sale; in order not to affect the growth of river crabs in the later stage, they were caught on July 4th in ground cages specially used for catching crayfish. By July 16, all the crayfish were caught. The average size of the harvested crayfish was 34.4/kg, and the commercial lobster yield per mu was 108.4kg.

6. Stocking and breeding of river crab seedlings after temporary breeding: After the second molting of the crabs is completed, the crabs in the temporary breeding pond will be caught in ground cages from June 10 and transferred to the main breeding pond. The average weight of river crabs is 32.2g, and the stocking density is 700/mu. At this time, there are relatively few lobsters in the pond, and the interval between the fourth and fifth molting of river crabs is relatively long. A small amount of lobster has little effect on the growth of river crab.

7. Temporary pond utilization: After the crabs are caught, the ponds are cleared, grass is planted, and some crabs are caught from the main ponds for stocking. The stocking density is the same as that of the main ponds, and the California perch is also stocked with the main ponds.

8. Daily management: Same as the conventional crayfish and river crab breeding management technology, do a good job in aquatic plant conservation, water quality control, bait feeding and anti-escape and anti-theft work; Extruded feed to improve immunity and safely survive the high temperature period; 20 days before the last molting, feed 40% protein content of strong crab feed to improve the crab size; after the last molting, feed 35% protein content River crab fattening feed can promote gonad development and increase fatness.

9. Fishing of river crabs and California perch: After November, catch river crabs with bare hands or in crab pots, and catch California perch with nets before the dry pond.

Example 3

Follow the steps below to carry out the cultivation of California perch in double crop rotation in ponds with crayfish and river crabs:

1. Pond preparation: Prepare two ponds, one large and one small. The large pond is 20 mu as the main pond, and the small pond is 2.5 mu as the crab temporary pond. The area ratio of the main pond and the temporary pond is 8:1. Aquatic plants (elodea) were planted in front of the entire pond on the 2nd. The pond is required to be equipped with a microporous aeration system at the bottom to ensure that the crayfish are not hypoxic.

S2. Temporary breeding of crab seedlings in a special pond: On March 20, after the aquatic plants grow well, stock high-quality crabs in the temporary breeding pond. The stocking density is 12,000/mu, and the stocking size is about 5g/piece.

3. Stocking and breeding of lobster seedlings: On April 8th, the crayfish seedlings were stocked in the main pond, the stocking density was 5000/mu, the stocking size was 400/kg, and high-quality artificial compound feed with a protein content of 32% was fed during the breeding period. , Regulate the substrate and water quality during the breeding process.

4. Stocking of California perch fry: On June 9, California perch was stocked in the main pond. The stocking density was 40 fish/mu, and the fry were about 10 cm. During the entire breeding process, the perch was not fed with compound feed and allowed to prey on small and medium-sized miscellaneous fish in the pond.

5. Lobster fishing is on the market: lobster fishing will start on May 19th, and the big ones will be kept small; on June 16th, a large number of fishes will start. At this time, the aquatic plants in the pond ring ditch will be cut off, and the cages will be placed in the ring ditch during the day, regardless of the size. For sale; in order not to affect the growth of river crabs in the later stage, they will be caught on July 5th in ground cages specially used for catching crayfish. By July 20, all the crayfish were caught. The average size of the harvested crayfish was 32.4/kg, and the commercial lobster yield per mu was 124.9kg.

6. Stocking and breeding of river crab seedlings after temporary breeding: After the third molting of the crabs is completed, the crabs in the temporary breeding pond will be caught in ground cages from June 20 and transferred to the main breeding pond. The average weight of river crabs is 48.7g, and the stocking density is 680/mu. At this time, there are relatively few lobsters in the pond, and the interval between the fourth and fifth molting of river crabs is relatively long. A small amount of lobster has little effect on the growth of river crab.

7. Temporary pond utilization: After the crabs are caught, the ponds are cleared, grass is planted, and some crabs are caught from the main ponds for stocking. The stocking density is the same as that of the main ponds, and the California perch is also stocked with the main ponds.

8. Daily management: Same as the conventional crayfish and river crab breeding management technology, do a good job in aquatic plant conservation, water quality control, bait feeding and anti-escape and anti-theft work; Extruded feed to improve immunity and safely survive the high temperature period; 20 days before the last molting, feed 40% protein content of strong crab feed to improve the crab size; after the last molting, feed 35% protein content River crab fattening feed can promote gonad development and increase fatness.

9. Fishing of river crabs and California perch: After November, catch river crabs with bare hands or in crab pots, and catch California perch with nets before the dry pond.

Embodiment 1～3, the breeding benefit of traditional river crab culture are as shown in the following table:

By adopting the culture method of the present invention, the breeding output of adult crabs is 75-100 kg, the average weight of female crabs is about 130 g, and the average weight of male crabs is about 180 g, which is similar to the conventional river crab culture method, indicating that the culture of river crabs is not affected, and the production of lobster per mu is increased. About 100kg, about 15kg for California sea bass, and the increase in income per mu of adult crab breeding pond is about 3,300 yuan.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any changes or substitutions that can be easily imagined by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, All should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The method for culturing California perch in double crop rotation in ponds with crayfish and river crab comprises the following steps: S1. Pond preparation: Prepare two ponds, one large and one small. The large pond is the main pond for raising crabs, and the small pond is the temporary pond for holding crabs. Plant aquatic plants before mid-February; S2. Temporary breeding in special pools for crab seedlings: Stock crabs in temporary breeding ponds before Qingming Festival; S3. Stocking and breeding of lobster seedlings: in April, crayfish seedlings are stocked in the main pond, and the breeding cycle is 2 to 3 months; S4. Stocking of California sea bass fry: stock California sea bass in the main pond from the end of May to the beginning of June, and the stocking time is more than one week before the time of the crab stocking; S5. Lobster fishing is on the market: lobsters start to be caught in mid-May, and the big ones are kept small; a large number of lobsters are caught in mid-June, regardless of size, and all are caught and sold; in early July, they are fished in ground cages specially used to catch crayfish; S6, stocking and culturing of river crab seedlings after temporary breeding: after the second moulting or third moulting of crabs is completed, the crabs in the ponds for temporary cultivation will be transferred to the main pond from the beginning of June; S7. Utilization of temporary breeding ponds: After the crabs are caught, the ponds are cleared, grass is planted, and some crabs are caught from the main ponds for stocking; S8. Daily management: aquatic plant maintenance, water quality control, bait feeding and anti-escape and anti-theft; S9, river crab and California bass fishing are listed. 2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the area ratio of the main pond and the temporary pond is 6-8:1. 3. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step S2, the crabs are stocked at a density of 8000-12000/mu, and the stocking size is about 5g/piece. 4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3, the crayfish seedlings are stocked at a density of 5000-8000/mu, and a stocking specification of 200-400/kg. 5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S3, artificial compound feed with a protein content of 32% is fed, and the bottom quality and water quality are well regulated during the breeding process. 6. The culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S4, the California perch fry are stocked at a density of 30-40 fish/mu, and the perch is not fed compound feed during the entire culture process, and it is allowed to prey on small and medium-sized miscellaneous fish in the pond. 7. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the ground cage for specially catching crayfish comprises a cylindrical net bag and a keel, and the keel is fixed on the cylindrical net bag at equal intervals, and is installed in the mouth of the ground cage. There is a plastic sheet, the width of the plastic sheet is about 3/5 of the circumference of the cage mouth, the plastic sheet is not less than 25cm, and the floor cage mouth is tied to the fixed rod with a fixed rope. 8. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S6, the stocking density of the crabs in the main pond is about 700/mu. 9. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the step S8 bait feeding: after the crab species is thrown in, feed the river crab high-temperature sinking-resistant extruded feed with a protein content of 36%; Day, throw something and feed the river crab strong crab feed of 40% protein content; Thaw and feed the river crab fattening feed of 35% protein content after the last molting is completed. 10. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S9, river crabs are caught with bare hands or in crab pots, and California perch is caught with a net before the pond is dried.