CN105613374A - Male and female river crab separated pond culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating river crabs in separate ponds for male and female crabs. Female crabs are separated from male crabs and cultured in different ponds, and different culture modes are selected. In the present invention, female crabs and male crabs are cultivated in separate ponds, which ensures the normal feeding of female crabs and helps to improve the growth specifications of female crabs; promotes the synchronization of river crab molting in the same pond, which is beneficial to improving the survival rate of culture; according to the male and female crabs According to the different growth and development laws and nutritional requirements of different crabs, scientific feeding and management can reduce the bait coefficient and improve the quality of adult crabs; according to the different maturity times of male and female river crabs, they can be fished and marketed separately, which is beneficial to reduce labor intensity, reduce damage to crabs, and improve crab quality. Breeding management level and economic benefits.

Description

Pond culture method of separately raising male and female river crabs

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a pond culture method for separately raising male and female river crabs.

Background technique

River crab ( Eriocheirsinensis ), scientific name Chinese mitten crab, belongs to decapod order, square crab family, mitten crab genus. Widely distributed in the brackish and fresh waters of the southeast coast of my country, it is produced from Liaohe River in the north and Oujiang River in the south. After rapid development in recent years, it has become a very important economic crab in China. Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan , Shandong, Anhui, Liaoning, Xinjiang and many other provinces have breeding, the annual output has increased from 232,400 tons in 2002 to 796,500 tons in 2014 (China Fishery Statistical Yearbook, 2015), and the annual output value exceeds 40 billion yuan, of which The output of Jiangsu Province alone reached 358,200 tons, and the output value exceeded 20 billion yuan.

At present, through the continuous efforts of aquatic scientific research and scientific and technological personnel in these years, many breeding models have been formed in the cultivation of adult crabs such as mandarin fish in crab ponds, freshwater shrimp in crab ponds, and sandfish in crab ponds. These farming models are all mixed with male and female river crabs. Judging from the current breeding practice, there are some disadvantages in mixed breeding of males and females: (1) male crabs have strong ability to grab food, while female crabs have weak ability to grab food, and it is difficult for female crabs to grab bait, resulting in smaller size of female crabs; (2) The moulting of male and female individuals is not synchronized, especially the last mature molt. Female crabs are usually about 15 days earlier than male crabs, which makes soft-shell crabs that are molting or have just moulted easily killed by other crabs, thereby reducing the survival rate; (3) Female crabs and male crabs have different nutritional requirements during gonadal development, and there are also large differences in the development time and speed of the two. Ovary development of female crabs starts after moulting at maturity (from mid-to-late August in the Yangtze River Basin), and the total fat content of feed needs to be more than 10%; testicular development of male crabs usually begins at the end of June, and the main part of the process is secondary after moulting. For the development of gonads, male crabs require about 6% total fat content in feed during gonad development, but they have higher requirements for protein content in feed, so mixed breeding of male and female crabs is not conducive to scientific feeding according to the different nutritional needs of male and female crabs; (4 ) Female crabs and male crabs have different market time. Since the gonad is an important edible part of river crabs, the gonad development of female crabs is close to maturity in mid-to-late October every year, and the gonad development of male crabs is close to maturity in mid-November every year. Usually, the time for female crabs to go on the market It is 10-11 copies per year, and the male crabs are on the market from November to December every year. Therefore, when the female crabs are caught in mixed sexes, it is usually necessary to remove the male crabs. This is not only inconvenient to operate, but also easily leads to damage and death of river crabs.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pond culture method for separately raising male and female river crabs, improve the survival rate of adult crab culture, reduce culture cost, and facilitate culture management and fishing for market.

Technical solution of the present invention is that the pond culture method that this river crab male and female raises separately comprises the following steps:

(1) Pond preparation: Choose two ponds running from east to west, with an area of 20 to 40 acres, and prevent escape facilities around them. There are 1.2 to 1.6 meters of deep ditches around the ponds; each pond is equipped with a microporous oxygenation system. Equipped with a Roche blower and equipped with an oxygen-increasing plate ; in the pond ring ditch or on one side of the pond, a river crab temporary breeding community is set up with an isolation net, which accounts for 1/4 of the pond area; under the isolation net is a mesh, and the bottom of the mesh There is a gabion buried in the soil at the end, and an anti-escape plastic sheet is sewn on the top of the mesh. The upper line of the anti-escape mesh is higher than the highest water level of the pond by more than 20cm;

(2) Disinfection of clear ponds: In winter, the dry ponds are fully exposed to the sun, and the silt is removed to within 5-10cm. Sprinkle 100kg of quicklime per mu into the whole pond to thoroughly disinfect, improve the bottom of the pond, and remove harmful pathogens; one week after the pond is disinfected , apply 200kg of fermented cooked chicken manure base fertilizer per mu, and turn till the depth of 10-15cm;

(3) Aquatic planting: Plant Hydra verticillium, Erythria oleifera and Elodea in stages, with a coverage rate of 60%; Elodea is planted in the breeding area outside the isolation net, and three aquatic plants are planted together in the habitat area of the central platform, Elodea and Elodea 20% of each, 60% of Hydrilla verticillium; in early February, sieve silk to filter 20-30cm of water, and start cutting Elodea strains in the shallow water of the breeding area, with a plant spacing of 1.5m and a row spacing of 3m; in early March, drill or strip cuttings Hydrilla verticillium spores or green buds should be spaced more than 2m apart and covered with 5cm of soil; before the end of March, sow the bitter grass seeds kneaded after soaking for 3 days, and mix them with soil and spread them evenly in the space area;

(4) Snail stocking: 200kg of live snails are stocked per mu, and 100kg of live snails are stocked once in early April and mid-to-late July respectively;

(5) Stocking of seedlings: select 100-140 crabs/kg, consistent size, complete appendages, disease-free and non-injured crab species, and separate female crabs from male crabs. The method for distinguishing female crabs from male crabs is: female crabs The plastron of crabs is oval, and the plastron of male crabs is strip-shaped; the stocking time is in February, and the weather is fine, and the crabs are soaked and disinfected with formalin, potassium permanganate or iodine preparations before going to the pond; The specific stocking conditions of crab ponds and male crab ponds are shown in Table 1;

Table 1 stocking situation of seedlings at pond mouth

(6) Feeding management: (1) Appropriate fertilization in spring to maintain water quality with a certain degree of fertility to ensure sufficient natural bait for freshwater shrimp, promote the growth of aquatic plants and inhibit the growth of moss; When the temperature is ~10°C, choose a compound feed with a protein content of 42% and feed it once a day at 17:00 in the afternoon. Adjustment); starting in June, the daily feeding amount was gradually increased from 2% to 5% (adjusted every day according to water temperature, water quality, and food intake), and the pellet feed with a protein content of 36% was fed; the female crab breeding pond was started from the end of July Feed the maturation-promoting feed for the female body with a protein content of 36% and a total fat content of 8%; feed the maturation-promoting feed for the male crab from mid-August with a protein content of 40%; the mature molting is completed Finally, female crabs and male crabs are fed with fattening feed to promote the gonad development of male and female individuals; (3) In terms of water quality control, water is added and changed, biological agents are used and oxygen is added in a timely manner, so that shrimp, crabs and fish have a Good living and growing environment; water quality requirements: pH value 7.5-8.6, dissolved oxygen > 5mg/L, transparency 30-50cm, of which 30-35cm in spring, 40-50cm in high temperature period; (4) management and protection Aquatic plants are carried out synchronously with pipe water, pipe bottom quality, and pipe bait. By regulating water to control grass, regulating water to protect grass, and feeding enough bait to reduce damage to grass and prevent residual bait from damaging water and rotten grass; during the breeding process, according to the growth of aquatic plants, intensive The aquatic plants are thinned and cut in time, and the aquatic plants that are cut off by crabs and surfaced are removed every day, so as to facilitate the flow of pond water and ensure that the high temperature does not rot the grass; In principle, green and pollution-free fishing medicines are selected, combined with external consumption and internal administration, and the use of prohibited drugs is eliminated;

(7) Fishing of aquaculture products : freshwater prawns start to be caught in rotation at the beginning of May. The fishing tools are ground cages. When catching shrimps, the ends of the ground cages are tied together with ropes and bamboo poles. At the end port, let the river crabs crawl out, and keep the freshwater shrimp in the ground cage; before and after the National Day, according to the development of the gonads of the river crabs and market conditions, they will be caught in batches, using ground cages, and caught with bare hands in the evening or at night; finally, the dry pond will All river crabs, freshwater shrimps and mandarin fish in the pond were caught.

The present invention has the following outstanding advantages and technical effects:

(1) Female crabs and male crabs are cultured in separate ponds, which ensures the normal feeding of female crabs and is conducive to improving the growth specifications of female crabs.

(2) Female crabs and male crabs are cultured in separate ponds to promote the synchronization of crab molting in the same pond, which is conducive to improving the survival rate of culture.

(3) Female crabs and male crabs are cultured in separate ponds. According to the different growth and development rules and nutritional requirements of male and female crabs, scientific feeding and management are carried out to reduce the bait coefficient and improve the quality of adult crabs.

(4) Female crabs and male crabs are cultured in separate ponds. According to the different maturity times of male and female river crabs, they are fished and marketed separately, which is beneficial to reduce labor intensity, reduce damage to crabs, and improve breeding management level and economic benefits.

detailed description

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples, and these examples should not be construed as limiting the technical solution of the present invention.

Embodiment 1: According to the following steps, river crabs are cultured in separate ponds for male and female

Pond preparation: Choose 2 ponds running from east to west, with an area of 20 mu for breeding female crabs, and an area of 30 mu for breeding male crabs, with anti-escape facilities around them, and a 1.6-meter deep ditch around the pond; each pond is equipped with micro-holes Aeration system, each equipped with a Roche blower, and equipped with an aeration plate ; in the pond ring ditch or on the side of the pond, a river crab temporary breeding community is set up with an isolation net, which accounts for 1/4 of the pond area; under the isolation net is a net There is a gabion embedded in the soil at the bottom of the mesh, and an anti-escape plastic sheet is sewn on the top of the mesh. The upper line of the anti-escape mesh is 25cm higher than the highest water level of the pond;

Clear pond disinfection: In winter, the dry pond is fully exposed to the sun, the silt is removed to 8cm, and 100kg of quicklime is mixed with water slurry per mu to splash the whole pond, thoroughly disinfected, the bottom of the pond is improved, and harmful pathogens are removed; after 1 week of pond disinfection, 200kg of fermented water is applied per mu Cooked chicken manure base fertilizer, plowing, depth 12cm;

Planting of aquatic plants: plant Hydra verticillium, Erythrina elegans and Elodea in stages, with a coverage rate of 60%; Elodea is planted in the breeding area outside the isolation net, and three kinds of aquatic plants are planted together in the habitat area of the central platform, with 20% each of Elodea and Elodea , 60% of Hydrilla verticillium; in early February, sieve silk to filter 25cm of water, and start cutting Elodea strains in the shallow water of the breeding area, with a plant spacing of 1.5m and a row spacing of 3m; in early March, drills or strips of Hydrilla verticillium spores or green Buds, with a distance of more than 2m, and covered with soil 5cm; before the end of March, sow the bitter grass seeds rubbed out after soaking for 3 days, mix the soil and spread evenly in the space area;

Snail release: 200kg of live snails are released per mu, and 100kg of live snails are re-released on April 6th and July 20th respectively;

Stocking of seedlings: select 120 crabs/kg, the same size, complete appendages, and no disease or injury, and separate the female crabs from the male crabs. The method of distinguishing female crabs from male crabs is: the plastron of female crabs is oval The plastron of male crabs is in the shape of long triangle strips; the stocking time is in February, and the weather is fine, and the crabs are soaked and disinfected with 15‰ potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes before going to the pond; the female crab pond and the male crab pond are stocked specifically The situation is shown in Table 2:

Table 2 stocking situation of seedlings at pond mouth

Feeding management: (1) Appropriate fertilization in spring to maintain water quality with a certain degree of fertility, to ensure sufficient natural bait for freshwater shrimp, to promote the growth of aquatic plants and inhibit the growth of moss; When feeding, choose a compound feed with a protein content of 42% and feed it once a day at 17:00 in the afternoon. The amount of feeding is 0.5% to 2% of the body weight of the crab species (adjust daily according to water temperature, water quality, and food intake) ; Beginning in June, the daily feeding amount was gradually increased from 2% to 5% (adjusted daily according to water temperature, water quality, and food intake), and pelleted feed with a protein content of 36% was fed; the female crab breeding pond started from July 28. Start to feed the maturation-promoting feed for the female body with a protein content of 36% and a total fat content of 8%; the male crab breeding pond began to feed the maturation-promoting feed for the male body from August 12 with a protein content of 40%; After the shell is completed, female crabs and male crabs are fed with fattening feed to promote the gonad development of male and female individuals; (3) In terms of water quality control, water is added and changed, biological agents are used and oxygen is added in time to make shrimps, crabs, and fish healthy A good living and growing environment; water quality requirements: pH value 8.0, dissolved oxygen > 5mg/L, transparency 30-50cm, of which 35cm in spring, 50cm in high temperature period; (4) management and protection of aquatic plants and water, The bottom quality of the tube and the bait are carried out simultaneously. By adjusting the water to control the grass, adjust the water to protect the grass, and feed enough bait to reduce the damage to the grass and prevent the residual bait from damaging the water and rotten the grass; during the breeding process, the dense aquatic plants are thinned and cut in time according to the growth of the aquatic plants. , remove the aquatic plants that are caught by crabs and come out of the water every day, so as to facilitate the flow of pond water and ensure that the high temperature does not rot the grass; Pollution fishing medicine, combined with external consumption and internal administration, to eliminate the use of prohibited drugs;

Fishing of farmed products : Freshwater prawns will be caught in rounds on May 6th. The fishing tools are ground cages. When catching shrimp, the ends of the ground cages are tied together with ropes and bamboo poles. Let the crabs climb out of the port, and the freshwater shrimp stay in the ground cage; starting from September 25th, according to the development of the gonads of the river crabs and market conditions, they will be caught in batches, using ground cages, and caught with bare hands in the evening or at night; finally, the dry pond will be All river crabs, freshwater shrimps and mandarin fish in the pond were caught.

Adopt above embodiment female crab and male crab to raise separately, compare with traditional male and female river crab polyculture, its cultivation situation is as follows when cultivating to adult crab listing:

Embodiment 2: According to the following steps, river crabs are cultured in separate ponds for male and female

Pond preparation: Choose 2 ponds running from east to west, with an area of 20 mu for breeding female crabs, and an area of 30 mu for breeding male crabs, with anti-escape facilities around, and 1.2-meter deep ditches around the ponds; each pond is equipped with micro-holes Oxygenation system, each equipped with a Roche blower, and equipped with an aeration plate ; in the pond ring ditch or on one side of the pond, a river crab temporary breeding community is set up with an isolation net, which accounts for 1/4 of the pond area; under the isolation net is a net There is a gabion embedded in the soil at the bottom of the mesh, and an anti-escape plastic sheet is sewn on the top of the mesh. The upper line of the anti-escape mesh is 20cm higher than the highest water level of the pond;

Clear pond disinfection: In winter, the dry pond is fully exposed to the sun, the silt is removed to 5cm, and 100kg per mu of quicklime mixed with water is used to splash the whole pond, thoroughly disinfected, the bottom of the pond is improved, and harmful pathogens are removed; after 1 week of pond disinfection, 200kg of fermented water is applied per mu Cooked chicken manure base fertilizer, plowing, the depth is 10cm;

Planting of aquatic plants: plant Hydra verticillium, Erythrina elegans and Elodea in stages, with a coverage rate of 60%; Elodea is planted in the breeding area outside the isolation net, and three kinds of aquatic plants are planted together in the habitat area of the central platform, with 20% each of Elodea and Elodea , Hydrilla verticillium 60%; in early February, sieve silk to filter 20cm of water, and start cutting Elodea strains in the shallow water of the breeding area, with a plant spacing of 1.5m and a row spacing of 3m; in early March, drill or strips of Hydrilla verticillium spores or green Buds, with a distance of more than 2m, and covered with soil 5cm; before the end of March, sow the bitter grass seeds rubbed out after soaking for 3 days, mix the soil and spread evenly in the space area;

Snail stocking: 200kg of live snails are released per mu, and 100kg of live snails are released on April 4th and July 15th respectively;

Stocking of seedlings: Select 100 crabs/kg, the same size, complete appendages, and no disease or injury, and separate the female crabs from the male crabs. The method of distinguishing female crabs from male crabs is: the plastron of female crabs is oval The plastron of male crabs is in the shape of long triangle strips; stocking time is in February, choose fine weather, soak and disinfect crab species in 10mg/L formalin solution for 5 minutes before entering the pond; The stocking situation is shown in Table 3:

Table 3 stocking situation of seedlings at pond mouth

Feeding management: (1) Appropriate fertilization in spring to maintain water quality with a certain degree of fertility, to ensure sufficient natural bait for freshwater shrimp, to promote the growth of aquatic plants and inhibit the growth of moss; When feeding, choose a compound feed with a protein content of 42% and feed it once a day at 17:00 in the afternoon. The amount of feeding is 0.5% to 2% of the body weight of the crab species (adjust daily according to water temperature, water quality, and food intake) ; Beginning in June, the daily feeding amount was gradually increased from 2% to 5% (adjusted daily according to water temperature, water quality, and food intake), and pelleted feed with a protein content of 36% was fed; the female crab breeding pond started from July 26. Start to feed the maturation-promoting feed for the female body with a protein content of 36% and a total fat content of 8%; the male crab breeding pond began to feed the maturation-promoting feed for the male body from August 18 with a protein content of 40%; After the shell is completed, female crabs and male crabs are fed with fattening feed to promote the gonad development of male and female individuals; (3) In terms of water quality control, water is added and changed, biological agents are used and oxygen is added in time to make shrimps, crabs, and fish healthy A good environment for living and growing; water quality requirements: pH value 7.5, dissolved oxygen > 5mg/L, transparency 30-50cm, of which 30cm in spring and 40cm in high temperature period; (4) Protect aquatic plants and manage water , pipe bottom quality, and pipe bait are carried out simultaneously. By adjusting water to control grass, adjust water to protect grass, and feed enough bait to reduce damage to grass and prevent residual bait from damaging water and rotten grass; during the breeding process, according to the growth of aquatic plants, timely dredging of dense aquatic plants Weeds should be mowed every day to remove the aquatic plants that are caught by crabs and come out of the water, so as to facilitate the flow of pond water and ensure that the high temperature does not rot the grass; Pollution-free fishing medicine, combined with external consumption and internal administration, to eliminate the use of illegal drugs;

Fishing of farmed products : Freshwater prawns will be caught in rounds on May 2nd. The fishing tool is ground cages. When catching shrimp, the ends of the ground cages are tied together with ropes and bamboo poles. Let the river crabs crawl out of the port, and the freshwater shrimp stay in the ground cage; starting from October 1st, according to the development of the gonads of the river crabs and market conditions, they will be caught in batches, using ground cages, catching with bare hands in the evening or at night, and finally drying the pond Catch all river crabs, freshwater shrimps and mandarin fish in the pond.

Adopt above embodiment female crab and male crab to raise separately, compare with traditional male and female river crab polyculture, its cultivation situation is as follows when cultivating to adult crab listing:

Embodiment 3: According to the following steps, river crabs are cultured in separate ponds for male and female

Pond preparation: Choose 2 ponds running from east to west, with an area of 30 mu for breeding female crabs, and an area of 40 mu for breeding male crabs. Anti-escape facilities should be prepared around the ponds. There are 1.4-meter deep ditches around the ponds; micro-holes are installed in each pond Oxygenation system, each equipped with a Roche blower, and equipped with an aeration plate ; in the pond ring ditch or on one side of the pond, a river crab temporary breeding community is set up with an isolation net, which accounts for 1/4 of the pond area; under the isolation net is a net There is a gabion embedded in the soil at the bottom of the mesh, and an anti-escape plastic sheet is sewn on the top of the mesh. The upper line of the anti-escape mesh is 22cm higher than the highest water level of the pond;

Disinfection of clear ponds: In winter, the dry ponds are fully exposed to the sun, and the silt is removed to within 8cm. Sprinkle the whole pond with 100kg of quicklime mixed with water slurry per mu, thoroughly disinfect, improve the bottom of the pond, and remove harmful pathogens; after 1 week of pond disinfection, spray 200kg per mu Fermented cooked chicken manure base fertilizer, plowing, the depth is 15cm;

Planting of aquatic plants: plant Hydra verticillium, Erythrina elegans and Elodea in stages, with a coverage rate of 60%; Elodea is planted in the breeding area outside the isolation net, and three kinds of aquatic plants are planted together in the habitat area of the central platform, with 20% each of Elodea and Elodea , 60% of Hydrilla verticillium; in early February, sieve silk to filter 30cm of water, and start cutting Elodea strains in the shallow water of the breeding area, with a plant spacing of 1.5m and a row spacing of 3m; in early March, drill or insert Hydrilla verticillium spores or green Buds, with a distance of more than 2m, and covered with soil 5cm; before the end of March, sow the bitter grass seeds rubbed out after soaking for 3 days, mix the soil and spread evenly in the space area;

Snail stocking: 200kg of live snails are released per mu, and 100kg of live snails are released on April 2nd and July 25th respectively;

Stocking of seedlings: select 120 crabs/kg, the same size, complete appendages, and no disease or injury, and separate the female crabs from the male crabs. The method of distinguishing female crabs from male crabs is: the plastron of female crabs is oval The plastron of male crabs is in the shape of long triangle strips; stocking time is in February, choose fine weather, soak and disinfect crab species with 5ml/L povidone-iodine (10%) solution for 5 minutes before entering the pond; female crab ponds and See Table 4 for the specific stocking conditions of male crab ponds:

Table 4 stocking situation of seedlings at pond mouth

Feeding management: (1) Appropriate fertilization in spring to maintain water quality with a certain degree of fertility, to ensure sufficient natural bait for freshwater shrimp, to promote the growth of aquatic plants and inhibit the growth of moss; When feeding, choose a compound feed with a protein content of 42% and feed it once a day at 17:00 in the afternoon. The amount of feeding is 0.5% to 2% of the body weight of the crab species (adjust daily according to water temperature, water quality, and food intake) ; Beginning in June, the daily feeding amount was gradually increased from 2% to 5% (adjusted daily according to water temperature, water quality, and food intake), and pelleted feed with a protein content of 36% was fed; the female crab breeding pond started from July 28. Start to feed the maturation-promoting feed for the female body with a protein content of 36% and a total fat content of 8%; the male crab breeding pond began to feed the maturation-promoting feed for the male body from August 12 with a protein content of 40%; After the shell is completed, female crabs and male crabs are fed with fattening feed to promote the gonad development of male and female individuals; (3) In terms of water quality control, water is added and changed, biological agents are used and oxygen is added in time to make shrimps, crabs, and fish healthy A good environment for living and growing; water quality requirements: pH value 8.6, dissolved oxygen > 5mg/L, transparency 30-50cm, of which 32cm in spring and 45cm in high temperature period; (4) Manage aquatic plants and manage water , pipe bottom quality, and pipe bait are carried out simultaneously. By adjusting water to control grass, adjust water to protect grass, and feed enough bait to reduce damage to grass and prevent residual bait from damaging water and rotten grass; during the breeding process, according to the growth of aquatic plants, timely dredge dense aquatic plants. Weeds should be mowed every day to remove the aquatic plants that are caught by crabs and come out of the water, so as to facilitate the flow of pond water and ensure that the high temperature does not rot the grass; Pollution-free fishing medicine, combined with external consumption and internal administration, to eliminate the use of illegal drugs;

Fishing of farmed products : Freshwater prawns will be caught in rounds on May 3. The fishing tools are ground cages. When catching shrimp, the ends of the ground cages are tied together with ropes and bamboo poles. Let the crabs climb out of the port, and the freshwater shrimp stay in the ground cage; starting from October 6th, according to the development of the gonads of the crabs and market conditions, they will be caught in batches, using ground cages, catching with bare hands in the evening or at night, and finally drying the pond Catch all river crabs, freshwater shrimps and mandarin fish in the pond.

Adopt above embodiment female crab and male crab to raise separately, compare with traditional male and female river crab polyculture, its cultivation situation is as follows when cultivating to adult crab listing:

Claims (5)

1. the pond cultivation method that river crab male and female are raised separately, it is characterized in that this cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) Pond preparation: Choose two ponds running from east to west, with an area of 20 to 40 acres, and prevent escape facilities around them. There are 1.2 to 1.6 meters of deep ditches around the ponds; each pond is equipped with a microporous oxygenation system. Equipped with a Roche blower and equipped with an aeration tray ; a temporary breeding area is set up in the pond ; the bottom of the isolation net is a mesh, and the bottom of the mesh is equipped with a gabion buried in the soil, and an anti-escape plastic sheet is sewn on the top of the mesh to prevent The upper line of the escape net is higher than the highest water level of the pond by more than 20cm; (2) Disinfection of clear ponds: In winter, the dry ponds are fully exposed to the sun, and the silt is removed to within 5-10cm. Sprinkle 100kg of quicklime per mu into the whole pond to thoroughly disinfect, improve the bottom of the pond, and remove harmful pathogens; one week after the pond is disinfected , apply 200kg of fermented cooked chicken manure base fertilizer per mu, and turn till the depth of 10-15cm; (3) Aquatic planting: Plant Hydra verticillium, Erythria oleifera and Elodea in stages, with a coverage rate of 60%; Elodea is planted in the breeding area outside the isolation net, and three aquatic plants are planted together in the habitat area of the central platform, Elodea and Elodea 20% of each, 60% of Hydrilla verticillium; in early February, sieve silk to filter 20-30cm of water, and start cutting Elodea strains in the shallow water of the breeding area, with a plant spacing of 1.5m and a row spacing of 3m; in early March, drill or strip cuttings Hydrilla verticillium spores or green buds should be spaced more than 2m apart and covered with 5cm of soil; before the end of March, sow the bitter grass seeds kneaded after soaking for 3 days, and mix them with soil and spread them evenly in the space area; (4) Snail stocking: 200kg of live snails are stocked per mu, and 100kg of live snails are stocked once in early April and mid-to-late July respectively; (5) Stocking of seedlings: select 100-140 crabs/kg, the same size, complete appendages, no disease and no injury, and separate female crabs from male crabs according to the shape of the plastron; stocking time is in February, Choose fine weather to carry out, and soak and disinfect the crab species with formalin, potassium permanganate or iodine preparations before going to the pond; the specific stocking conditions of the female crab pond and the male crab pond are shown in Table 5: Table 5 stocking situation of seedlings at pond mouth (6) Feeding management: (1) Appropriate fertilization in spring to maintain water quality with a certain degree of fertility to ensure sufficient natural bait for freshwater shrimp, promote the growth of aquatic plants and inhibit the growth of moss; At ~10°C, choose a compound feed with a protein content of 42% and feed it once a day at 17:00 in the afternoon. The amount of feeding is 0.5% to 2% of the body weight of the crab species, and it is carried out every day according to the water temperature, water quality, and feeding conditions. Adjustment; starting in June, the daily feeding amount is gradually increased from 2% to 5%, and adjusted every day according to the water temperature, water quality, and food intake, and the pellet feed with a protein content of 36% is fed; in the middle and late stages of breeding, female crabs and male crabs Choose different ripening-promoting time, ripening-promoting feed and fattening feed; (3) In terms of water quality control, add water, change water, use biological agents and increase oxygen in a timely manner, so that shrimp, crab, and fish have a good living and growing environment ; Water quality index requirements: pH value 7.5 ~ 8.6, dissolved oxygen > 5mg/L, transparency 30 ~ 50cm; 30 ~ 35cm in spring, 40 ~ 50cm in high temperature period; Substrate and tube bait are carried out simultaneously, through water regulation and grass control, water regulation and grass protection, enough bait to reduce damage to grass, and prevent residual bait from damaging water and rotten grass; during the breeding process, dense aquatic plants are thinned in time according to the growth of aquatic plants. Fish out the aquatic plants that are caught by crabs and come out of the water every day, so as to facilitate the flow of pond water and ensure that the high temperature does not rot the grass; (5) Adhere to the principle of "prevention first, disease prevention first, disease early treatment", and choose green pollution-free Fishing medicine, combined with external consumption and internal administration, to prevent the use of illegal drugs; (7) Fishing of farmed products: The fishing tool for freshwater shrimp is a ground cage. When catching shrimp, the end of the ground cage is tied together with a rope and a bamboo pole. The end of the ground cage is exposed to the water. , freshwater prawns are kept in ground cages; river crabs are caught in ground cages and caught with bare hands in the evening or at night; finally, all river crabs, freshwater shrimps and mandarin fish in the pond are caught in the dry pond. 2. the pond culture method that the male and female river crabs are separately raised according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pond is provided with a temporary breeding area, and the river crab is temporarily raised in the pond with an isolation net, and the area accounts for about 1/4 of the pond area , From March to May, both male and female river crabs are cultured in the temporary breeding area. 3. the pond culture method that the male and female of river crabs are raised separately according to claim 1 is characterized in that: female crabs are separated from male crabs according to the shape of the plastron, the plastron of female crabs is oval, and the plastron of male crabs is a long triangle strip shape. 4. the pond culture method that the male and female of river crabs are raised separately according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the middle and later stages of cultivation, female crabs and male crabs select different maturation-promoting time, maturation-promoting feed and fattening feed; At the end of July, feed the maturation-promoting feed for female bodies with a protein content of 36% and a total fat content of 8%; feed male crab breeding ponds with a feed for promoting maturation of male bodies from mid-August with a protein content of 40%; After the shell is completed, the female crab and the male crab are fed with fattening feed respectively to promote the gonad development of male and female individuals. 5. the pond cultivation method of separate breeding of male and female river crabs according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fishing of freshwater crabs should start in May, and the fishing of male and female river crabs is based on gonad development and market prices in batches, and the female body is usually 10 In the middle of the month, a large number of fish are caught and listed, and males are usually caught and listed in large quantities in November.