CN111543365A - River crab breeding method capable of improving listing period - Google Patents
River crab breeding method capable of improving listing period Download PDFInfo
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- CN111543365A CN111543365A CN202010465696.0A CN202010465696A CN111543365A CN 111543365 A CN111543365 A CN 111543365A CN 202010465696 A CN202010465696 A CN 202010465696A CN 111543365 A CN111543365 A CN 111543365A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a river crab culture method capable of promoting the coming-to-market period, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The river crab culture method adopts a mode that two adult crab culture ponds and a juvenile crab culture pond are matched, after the adult crab culture pond A is cleaned and dried, river crabs cultured in the adult crab culture pond B and completing first shell removal are raised into the pond in a turning mode, the raising amount is the stocking amount of the adult crab culture pond A, the rest of the river crabs are still cultured in the adult crab culture pond B, and soybean crabs cultured by the juvenile crab culture pond are raised simultaneously after the turning over of the river crabs completes the last shell removal and are cultured together, the stocking amount of the soybean crabs is the stocking amount of the two adult crab culture ponds, the two adult crab ponds are used for circular culture, the pond is cleaned and dried every two years, and good yield and economic benefit can be obtained in half a month ahead of the river crabs cultured in the general river market on the premise of ensuring the quality of the river crabs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a river crab culture method, in particular to a river crab culture method capable of improving the marketing period, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture.
Background
The original name of the river crab, namely the eriocheir sinensis, is juvenile crab before the reproductive migration, and the color of the shell of the river crab is yellow, so the river crab is commonly called as 'yellow crab', and the gonad of the river crab is very small; when the last molting is finished, the crab grows to be green, the shell is dark green, and the gonad grows plump. The river crabs go through several stages of flea larvae, megalopas, juvenile crabs, adult crabs and the like in a lifetime, five times of molting of the larvae into the megalopas are needed in the lifetime, and then 13-15 times of molting are needed to become adult crabs, so that the lifetime of the river crabs is only one reproductive cycle in the lifetime, and the propagation is terminated after the lifetime is finished.
After the river crabs are cultured and mature, the meat taste is delicious, so that the river crabs are widely loved by people, and especially are more favored to eat during mid-autumn and national celebration when being reunited by families. In the current river crab sales, the river crab sales in mid-autumn and national celebration of each year have the optimal price advantage; however, in the current river crab cultivation, the river crabs with better quality generally need to come into the market until after mid-autumn and national celebration every year, and the quantity of river crabs which can come into the market in the period every year is very small, so that the optimal economic benefit cannot be achieved for farmers. Aiming at the problems, on the premise of ensuring the quality of the river crabs, the river crabs can be listed in advance, and the time period with the advantage of price is occupied for sale, which is always a hot problem for the research of vast researchers and river crab farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the river crab culture method capable of promoting the coming-into-market period, the river crabs cultured by the culture method can come into the market half a month earlier than the common river crab culture, and better yield and economic benefit are obtained.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a river crab culture method capable of promoting the coming-into-market period mainly comprises the following steps,
preparing an adult crab culture pond A, an adult crab culture pond B and a juvenile crab culture pond;
the current year of river crabs is cultured in the first year of adult crab culture pond A, and after the last molting of female river crabs of the current year of river crabs is finished in the middle and last ten days of the 8 months of the year, the soybean crabs cultured in the juvenile crab culture pond are released into the adult crab culture pond A to be cultured together with the current year of river crabs, wherein the releasing amount of the soybean crabs is the total releasing amount of the adult crab culture pond A and the adult crab culture pond B; catching the current-year grown crabs in the mature crab culture pond A in the middle ten days of the first 9 months, and continuously culturing the soybean crabs in the mature crab culture pond A without drying the pond after all the current-year grown crabs are sold at the end of 10 months; the cultivation of the soybean crabs continues to the next year until the soybean crabs grow into adult crabs, fishing is carried out in the middle of 9 th of the next year and all the adult crabs are sold at the bottom of 10 months, the adult crab cultivation pond A is cleaned at the bottom of 12 months of the next year until the pond is dried to the beginning of 3 months of the third year, and the adult crab cultivation pond A is prepared from the beginning of 3 months to the last 4 months of the third year;
after river crabs in the current year in the first adult crab culture pond B are completely sold in the end of 10 months, the first adult crab culture pond B is cleaned and dried to the beginning of 3 months in the next year at the end of 12 months, and the adult crab culture pond B is prepared from the beginning of 3 months in the next year to the last ten days of 4 months; in the middle ten days of the next 4 months, after the first molting of the river crabs is completed, selecting the river crabs with part inside the adult crab culture pond A after the first molting, stocking the river crabs into an adult crab culture pond B with a prepared pond for culture, and after the last molting of the female river crabs of the released river crabs after the first molting in the last 8 months of the next year is completed, stocking the soybean crabs cultured in the juvenile crab culture pond B into the adult crab culture pond B for co-culture with the river crabs, wherein the stocking amount of the soybean crabs is the total stocking amount of the adult crab culture pond A and the adult crab culture pond B; catching the current aged crabs in the adult crab culture pond B in the middle ten days of 9 months of the next year, and continuously culturing the soybean crabs in the adult crab culture pond B without drying the pond after all the current aged crabs are sold at the end of 10 months; the bean crab culture lasts for the third year, in 4 middle of the third year, after the bean crabs in the adult crab culture pond B complete the first molting of the river crabs, selecting the river crabs after the first molting of part of the bean crabs in the adult crab culture pond B, stocking the selected river crabs in the adult crab culture pond A which is provided with a spare pond for culture, and continuously culturing the rest of the bean crabs in the adult crab culture pond B;
and circulating according to the above steps, and cleaning and drying the pond every two years in the adult crab culture pond A and the adult crab culture pond B, and alternately culturing the river crabs.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the dry pond and the standby pond for cleaning the pond comprise the following steps:
1) cleaning a pond and drying the pond: pumping water to dry the pond at the bottom of 12 months in the current year of the pre-cleaning pond, fishing out the water plants in the pond, and drying the pond to the beginning of 3 months in the next year;
2) preparing a pond:
injecting water 55-65cm into the pond after the pond is sunned in the beginning of 3 months, disinfecting the whole pond by using 70-80 kg/mu of bleaching powder, discharging the water in the pond completely after 1 week, and injecting water 25-35cm into the pond;
b. after water plants are planted in the pond after water injection, detoxification, water fertilization, algae cultivation and bacteria supplementation are carried out, after half a month, water fertilization, algae cultivation and bacteria supplementation are carried out again, and in the period, if a large number of insects are found in the water body, the insects are killed by using the insecticide, and then detoxification is carried out.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
when the waterweeds are planted in the step of preparing the pond, the waterweeds are planted in a strip mode with row spacing of 4m and plant spacing of 2m in the pond in the last 3 months, the planting area is 40-50% of the area of the pond, and the root strengthening fertilizer is applied after the planting is finished.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
after the aquatic weeds are planted in the pond preparation step, detoxification is carried out by using a detoxification water protector, then amino acid water fertilizing paste is applied for fertilizing water, the algae is cultivated by using the algae cultivating king, and the bacteria is supplemented by using EM bacteria; if a large amount of rotifers are found in the water body, red rotifers are used for killing insects.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the stocking density of stocking part of the selected river crabs after the first shelling in the adult crab farming pond A or the adult crab farming pond B in the middle ten days of 4 months is 1000-1100/mu, the specification is 50-55/kg, the selected river crabs after the first shelling are soaked for 3-5min by Miao rehabilitation before stocking, and VC is splashed in the whole pre-stocking pond for stress prevention.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
after the female river crabs in the adult crab culture pond A or the adult crab culture pond B molt for the last time in the last ten days of 8 months, the stocking density of the released soybean crabs in the juvenile crab culture pond is 1500 plus one 1600 per mu, the stocking amount of the soybean crabs is the total stocking amount of the adult crab culture pond A and the adult crab culture pond B, the specification of the stocking amount is 500 plus one 600 per kg, the entire pond in the stocking pond is disinfected by using compound iodine after stocking, and simultaneously the entire pond is splashed with VC and is added with VC anti-stress; the soybean crabs bred in the released crab breeding pond are megalops bred by taking male crabs with two specifications of 6.5 and female crabs with two specifications of 4.8 as parents through self breeding.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the river crab breeding management measures comprise water quality substrate regulating and controlling measures, feeding management measures, snail throwing measures, aquatic plant management measures, dissolved oxygen management measures and disease control measures.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the water quality substrate regulation and control measures are as follows: fertilizer water is mainly used in the early stage of cultivation; performing bottom modification, viable bacteria and fertilizer combined use at 6 months in the middle period of cultivation, wherein the combined use is performed once every 7-10 days in the middle period of cultivation, once every 5 days in high-temperature days, and once every 7 days from 9 months to the marketing period of river crabs; simultaneously, after the insecticidal and disinfectant drugs are used, detoxification and bacterium supplementation are carried out in time;
the feeding management measures are as follows: the feed mainly comprises a full-protein 40% granular formula feed, takes ice fresh fish, corn and bean pulp as auxiliary materials, and puts snails as natural live baits; feeding the feed with a full-protein 40% granular formula feed at the beginning of 3 months, feeding the feed once according to the weather temperature for 2-3 days, and supplementing corn and bean pulp in high-temperature days; after the river crabs are hulled for the last time at the end of 8 months, the iced fresh fishes are fed additionally to be fattened, the whole pond is fed once at 5-6 pm every day, the feeding amount around the pond accounts for 60-65%, and the feeding amount in the middle of the pond accounts for 35-40%.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the spiral shell throwing measures are as follows: 500-; the first stage is to throw in at a density of 150-;
the aquatic plant management and protection measures are as follows: beginning in 3 months, dredging waterweed channels in the pool which is not dried, and cutting off old grass after new grass grows out; in the subsequent time period, the two ponds can timely cut grass according to the growth condition of the aquatic weeds to control the aquatic weeds to form a strip-shaped mode, and the top ends of the aquatic weeds do not expose out of the water surface, so that the aquatic weeds coverage rate is controlled to be 40-50%; the grass protection medicine is used for repairing after each mowing, and is used for regulating and controlling when the aquatic weeds are withered.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the dissolved oxygen management measures are as follows: according to the area of the pond, oxygen increasing equipment is used in the pond, oxygen is increased for 2-3h to 10 middle ten days at noon in sunny days at the bottom of 4 months, and oxygen is increased from ten o 'clock in evening to eight o' clock in the next morning every day during the period from 5 middle ten days to the end of the sale of adult crabs; oxygenation is carried out during feeding and medication;
the disease control measures are as follows: respectively carrying out insect killing and sterilization once in 3 months and 5 months in the pond, and respectively carrying out water body sterilization and disinfection once in 8 months and 10 months, wherein the insect killing uses the chlorfenapyr 150-; calcium is supplemented to the river crabs every half month before the first molting, ionized calcium is added to the feed during the molting period, the god of bacteria, EM bacteria, VC and ionized calcium are added to the feed during the high-temperature period and the later period of feeding the iced fresh fish, and the VC is splashed to the whole pond to prevent stress in sudden change weather.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. early stocking and early marketing: compared with the common river crab culture, the culture mode can be listed at least half a month in advance, and can be listed in advance when other farmers do not meet the requirement of listing in advance, and just can catch up with the advantage of good price in mid-autumn and national celebration periods;
2. high survival rate and high recapture rate: the last molting of female river crabs is finished about 8 months and 20 days, the high-temperature weather is about to be finished, the mutual influence between the released soybean crabs and adult crabs is not large, 1200 soybean crabs/mu after the first molting can be caught in 4 months in the year after 1500 soybean crabs are placed in each mu, 960 adult crabs can be caught in the market in the later period of sale, and the recapture rate of the two stages is 80%;
3. the fry stocking cost is reduced: the soybean crabs are bred according to the quantity of 1500 per mu, the specification is 500 plus 600 per kilogram, and the price is 140 yuan per kilogram. The stocking cost per mu is reduced to 350-420 yuan, which is greatly reduced by 1445 yuan/mu compared with the average stocking cost per mu of 1655.03 farmers of 85 families in the city of Kunshan investigated in 2019;
4. the economic benefit is high: the optimal price time period during sale can be overtaken in the early stage, the culture cost is low, and the economic benefit of the whole pond can be improved by properly combining the freshwater shrimp intercropping.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement the technical means according to the content of the specification, the following embodiments are further described in detail in the following with reference to the specific examples, which are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The river crab cultivation by using the method of the application by local farmers in Kunshan of Jiangsu is explained in detail as an example. In the river crab culture by the mode, the last molting of adult female crabs is basically finished within 8 months and 20 days, the last molting of adult male crabs is basically finished within 9 months and 10 days, and mature river crabs begin to land about 9 months and 15 days.
The farmer has 2 adult crab culture ponds, namely an adult crab culture pond A with 13 mu and an adult crab culture pond B with 6 mu, and the total amount of the adult crab pond is 19 mu, and the farmer is provided with a juvenile crab culture pond for culturing the soybean crabs.
In the first year of 2018, river crabs in the current year are cultured in a 13-mu adult crab culture pond A, after the last molting of female river crabs in the year of 2018 in 20 months of 8, bean crabs cultured in a juvenile crab culture pond are released in the 13-mu adult crab culture pond A in 20 days of 2018 in 8 months, and are cultured together with the original river crabs in the current year in the pond, wherein the releasing amount of the bean crabs is 1500 per mu according to the amount of 19 mu; catching and selling mature crabs in the current year in the 13 mu adult crab culture pond A in 2018, 9 and 15 days, and after finishing selling all the mature crabs in the current year at the end of 10 months, continuously culturing the soybean crabs in the 13 mu adult crab culture pond A without drying the pond; the cultivation of the soybean crabs continues to 2019 until the soybean crabs grow into adult crabs, the adult crabs are caught and sold in 2019 in 13 months, and after the adult crabs are sold completely in 10 months, the 13 mu adult crab cultivation pond A is cleaned and dried in 12 months in 2019 to the beginning of 3 months in 2020, and the 13 mu adult crab cultivation pond A is prepared from the beginning of 3 months in 2020 to the last ten days in 4 months.
At the end of 10 months in 2018, after all the current-year adult crabs in the 6-mu adult crab culture pond B are sold, cleaning and drying the 6-mu adult crab culture pond B at the end of 12 months in 2018 to the beginning of 3 months in 2019, and preparing the 6-mu adult crab culture pond B from the beginning of 3 months in 2019 to the last ten days of 4 months; after the first molting of the soybean crabs in the 13-mu adult crab culture pond A is completed in 2019, 4 and 8 days, selecting the river crabs after the first molting of part of the 13-mu adult crab culture pond A, stocking the river crabs until the first molting of the river crabs in the spare pond is completed, culturing the river crabs in the 6-mu adult crab culture pond B, and breeding the soybean crabs in the 6-mu adult crab culture pond B together with the river crabs after the last molting of the female crabs of the river crabs after the first molting of the stocking is completed in 2019, 8 and 18 days, wherein the stocking amount of the soybean crabs is 1500 per mu according to 19 mu; catching the current-year-old crabs in the 6-mu adult crab culture pond B in 2019, 9 and 13 days, and after the current-year-old crabs are sold completely at the end of 10 months, continuously culturing the soybean crabs in the 6-mu adult crab culture pond B without drying the pond; the cultivation of the soybean crabs lasts for 2020; and 4, 6 days at 2020, 4 and 6 days, after the bean crabs in the adult crab culture pond B complete the first molting of river crabs, selecting adult crabs after the first molting of part of the adult crab culture pond B of 6 mu, stocking the selected adult crabs in the adult crab culture pond A with the prepared pond for culture, and continuously culturing the rest part of the selected adult crabs in the adult crab culture pond B of 6 mu.
With the circulation, the adult crab culture pond A and the adult crab culture pond B are cleaned and dried once every two years, and the cleaning and the drying are carried out in turn.
The alternate breeding mode is as follows:
first, pond preparation (including cleaning pond and preparing pond)
1. Cleaning a pond and drying the pond: and pumping water from the 6 mu adult crab culture pond B to dry the pond in 12 and 28 days in 2018, removing the waterweeds in the pond, and drying the pond in 3 and 2 days in 2019.
2. Preparing a pond:
adding 60cm of water into the pond which is finished with pond sunning in 2019, 3 months and 3 days, disinfecting by using 150 jin/mu of bleaching powder, pumping water and discharging after one week, and then adding 30cm of water;
b, 3, 8 days in 2019, planting the waterweeds in the adult crab culture pond B with water, planting the waterweeds in the pond 2m away from the bank during planting, wherein the planting area is 40-50% of the area of the pond, strip-shaped planting is preferably adopted, the row spacing is 4m, the plant spacing is 2m, and after the planting is finished, root strengthening fertilizer is applied; after the aquatic weeds are planted, the detoxification is carried out by using the detoxification water-protecting agent, then the amino acid water-fertilizing paste is used for fertilizing water, the diatom king is used for cultivating algae, the EM bacteria is used for supplementing bacteria, and the aquatic weeds are used again in half a month; if a large amount of rotifers in water are found to kill insects by using a red-wheel killer, then the detoxification water-protecting agent is used for detoxification.
Normally culturing the 13-mu adult crab culture pond A in a non-dried pond in 2018, namely, in the mode of the application, after the last molting of female river crabs is finished in 8-month and 20-day in 2018, putting the bean crabs cultured in the juvenile crab culture pond into the 13-mu adult crab culture pond A, and culturing the bean crabs and the original current-year river crabs in the pond together; catching and selling the current year adult crabs in the 13 mu adult crab culture pond A in 2018, 9 and 15 days, and after finishing selling all the current year adult crabs at the end of 10 months, continuously culturing the soybean crabs in the 13 mu adult crab culture pond A without drying the pond.
Second, stocking the seeds
1. The river crab stocking time and the method are as follows: and 6 mu of adult crab culture pond B starts stocking after the first shell of the river crabs is finished in 4 and 8 months in 2019. And (3) starting cage fishing of the 13 mu adult crab culture pond A, breeding 1000 river crabs per mu in the 6 mu adult crab culture pond B through fine selection, soaking for 3-5 minutes by using Miao rehabilitation before breeding, and sprinkling VC to the whole pond for stress prevention. And (3) after the last molting of female river crabs is finished in 8 and 18 months in 2019, stocking self-cultured soybean crabs in a 6-mu adult crab culture pond B according to the amount of 1500 soybean crabs per mu of 19 mu, disinfecting by using compound iodine after stocking, sprinkling VC in the whole pond, and adding VC in the feed for stress prevention.
2. The source, quality and specification of the river crab fries are as follows: after the female river crabs in the pond of 18 months 8 and 2019 are molted for the last time, the released soybean crabs are soybean crabs cultured in a crab buckling pond, the soybean crabs are megalops bred by taking male crabs with two specifications of 6.5 and female crabs with two specifications of 4.8 as parents, and the soybean crabs are obtained by self-culture, are regular in specification, consistent in body color, complete in limb chela and strong in vitality. In two ponds, the stocking density of the river crabs stocking one shell in the 6-mu adult crab breeding pond B is 1000 crabs/mu and the specification is 50 crabs/kg, and the stocking and self-culture of the bean crabs are 1500 crabs/mu and the specification is 500 crabs/kg according to the quantity of 19 mu; 13 mu of adult crab culture pond A, the rest is in the pond after 6 mu of stocking amount is separated, and the specification is 50 per kilogram.
3. Stocking freshwater shrimps: in the embodiment, the mode of intercropping the freshwater shrimps is adopted to improve the economic benefit. After the pond is cleaned and dried, 150 kg of spring shrimp seeds are released in a 6-mu adult crab culture pond B in 3, 15 and 15 months in 2019, 25 kg of spring shrimp seeds are released in each mu, and 800 fish seeds per kg are released in each mu with the specification of 600-. In the non-dry pond period, 325 kg of spring shrimp seeds are put in 13 mu of adult crab culture pond A in 1 month and 28 days in 2019, 25 kg of spring shrimp seeds are put in each mu, and the specification is 1000-year-round and 1200-year-round. 45 kg of autumn shrimp seedlings are placed in the adult crab culture pond B of 6 mu in 27 months in 2019, 7.5 kg of autumn shrimp seedlings are placed in each mu, and the specification is 10000 fries/kg; 97.5 kg of autumn shrimp seedlings are placed in the 13 mu adult crab culture pond A, 7.5 kg of autumn shrimp seedlings are placed in the mu adult crab culture pond A, and the specification is 10000 shrimp seedlings/kg.
Third, cultivation and feeding management measures
1. Water quality substrate regulation and control measures: fertilizer water is mainly used in the early stage of cultivation; in the culture period, bottom modification, viable bacteria and fertilizer are combined for use at the beginning of 6 months, and the combined use is carried out once in 7-10 days in the culture middle period, once in 5 days in high-temperature days, and once in 7 days from 9 months to the marketing period of river crabs; and the disinsection and disinfection medicaments are used for timely detoxification and bacterium supplementation.
2. Feeding management measures: the feed is mainly prepared from a full-protein 40% granular formula feed, is supplemented with part of iced fresh fish, corn and soybean meal, and is added with spiral shell as natural live bait. Feeding the feed in 3 months, wherein the feed variety is a full-protein 40% granular formula feed, and feeding the feed once in 2-3 days according to the weather temperature condition; auxiliary feeding of part of corn and soybean meal in high-temperature weather; and after finishing the last molting of the river crabs at the end of 8 months, feeding the iced fresh fish to fatten. Feeding once every day, wherein the feeding is carried out at 5-6 pm, and in the high-temperature weather, the feeding time is changed to 6 pm due to overhigh water temperature, the feeding is carried out in the whole pond, the feeding amount around the pond accounts for 60%, and the feeding amount in the middle of the pond accounts for 40%. The specific feeding amount is based on the fact that the food is eaten up or slightly remains in the next morning.
3. Throwing measures for snails: 500 kg of snails are put in each mu of the rice all the year round and the snails are put in three stages. 150 kg/mu of fresh and clean spiral shells are put in the first stage year ahead; 150 kg/mu of fresh and clean spiral shells are put after clearing the Ming dynasty in the second stage; in the third stage, 200 kg/mu of fresh and clean spiral shells are thrown in the 8 months. The spiral shell is a high-quality animal living bait which is favored by river crabs, also has the life habit of phagocytizing residual debris at the bottom of the pond, and can play a role in making up for the shortage of bait feeding and purifying water quality.
4. The aquatic plant management and protection measures are as follows: the method is characterized in that the elodea nuttallii is planted in the pond singly, the pond enters the bottom of 3 months to dredge waterweed channels, water body flowing, illumination and river crab activity space are increased, and old grass is cut off after new grass grows out. And then the two ponds are cut off and controlled in time according to the growth condition of the aquatic weeds, the maintenance of the strip-shaped remaining blocks is mastered, the aquatic weeds are ensured not to be exposed out of the water surface, an underwater forest is formed, and the coverage rate of the aquatic weeds is controlled to be 40-50%. After each mowing, the ecological environment and the aquatic weeds are restored by using the grass protection medicines such as biological bottom modification, VC, aquatic weed golden peptide and the like. The withering of the aquatic weeds can be regulated and controlled by chlormequat chloride or a microbial preparation, so that the rootstocks of the aquatic weeds are promoted to be thick and strong, and floating and rotting are prevented.
5. Dissolved oxygen management measures: the 19 mu pond is matched with 2 2.2 kilowatt micropore oxygen increasing machines and 2 0.75 kilowatt impeller type oxygen increasing machines. The aerator is started up on duty according to the weather and the culture condition for oxygenation. Starting the machine at noon in sunny day at the bottom of 4 months for 2-3 hours, starting the machine at 10 o 'clock in late 5 months to 7-8 o' clock in the morning of the next day, and starting till the sale of the finished crabs is finished. When feeding and using medicine, the oxygen-increasing machine is started to keep the dissolved oxygen in the water in the pool sufficient and good inhabitation and growth environment.
6. And (3) disease control measures: scientifically and reasonably uses various medicines. Respectively carrying out insecticidal sterilization once in 3 months and 5 months; sterilizing and disinfecting the water body once in 8 months and 10 months respectively, and using 150 grams of fipronil and 250 grams of compound iodine per mu and 125 milliliters of compound iodine; after the insecticidal and disinfectant drugs are used, detoxification and bacterium supplementation are carried out in time. Calcium is supplemented for one time in half a month before the first molting of the river crabs, ionized calcium is added into the feed during the molting period, and the deinsectization, EM bacteria, VC and ionized calcium are added into the feed in the high-temperature period and the later period of feeding the iced fresh fish, so that the effects of improving the immunity of the river crabs, promoting the health of intestinal tracts, protecting liver and pancreas, resisting stress, increasing calcium and strengthening physique are achieved; VC splashing is carried out in the whole pool to prevent stress in sudden change weather such as rainstorm, cooling, typhoon and the like.
7. Managing the sold crabs in the stocking soybean crab pond: and (5) finishing selling the adult crabs in the pond at the end of 10 months, continuously culturing the bean crabs, determining the feeding amount and the feeding frequency according to the weather and temperature conditions, and continuously performing water quality and substrate regulation and control work to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the pond is sufficient and build a good growth environment for the bean crabs.
The results of the cultivation using the above specific examples are as follows:
3078 kg of shrimps and crabs are harvested by the farmer in 2019, wherein 2318 kg of river crabs and 760 kg of freshwater shrimps are harvested. 2318 kg of river crabs going out of the pond, small-size river crabs basically do not exist, the average size reaches 200 g, and the sale income is 287432 yuan. The average yield per mu of the river crabs is 122 kg, and the average price per kg is 124 yuan. 760 kg of freshwater shrimps discharged from the pond, 14 kg of spring shrimps per mu, and 64 yuan/kg of average price; the yield of autumn shrimps is 26 kg per mu, the average price is 84 yuan/kg, and the income of freshwater shrimps is 58520 yuan. The total breeding cost is 117851 yuan and the acre cost is 6203 yuan. Wherein the pond renting amount is 12030 yuan, the fry fee is 44935 yuan, the feed fee is 39890 yuan, the fishery and fertilizer fee is 15210 yuan, and the water and electricity fee is 5786 yuan. The total yield value of the pond culture in 2019 is 345952 yuan, the average mu yield value is 18208 yuan, the total benefit is 228101 yuan, and the average mu benefit is 12005 yuan. See tables 1 and 2 for details.
TABLE 12019 years harvest and yield
TABLE 2 cost and benefit situation table (Unit: Yuan)
The farmer adopts the breeding mode to carry out the breeding test of the river crabs from 2012, and obtains better effect through years of exploration and research, and the river crabs are listed at least half a month earlier than the common river crabs. The alternate-flow breeding mode is provided with a plurality of ponds (at least two ponds) and is matched with a crab buckling pond for breeding the soybean crabs. If a single pond is adopted, the pond cleaning is not dried for many years, so that the diseases are more and the culture risk is increased; the self-matching larval crab pool can provide high-quality seedlings, and the survival rate is greatly improved by stocking nearby. The advantages brought by the culture mode are as follows:
1. early stocking and early marketing: the river crabs can adapt to the growth environment early in stocking, the last molting of adult crabs and female crabs is basically finished in 8 months and 20 days, the last molting of male crabs is finished before 9 months and 10 days, and mature river crabs start to land about 9 months and 15 days. Compared with the common river crab culture, the river crab feed can be listed at least half a month in advance, and can be listed in advance when other farmers do not meet the requirement of listing in advance, and the advantage of good price in mid-autumn and national celebration periods can be exactly achieved.
2. High survival rate and high recapture rate: finishing the last molting of the female river crabs after about 8 months and 20 days, and finishing the high-temperature weather. At the moment, the mutual influence between the released soybean crabs and adult crabs is not large, 1200 river crabs/mu after the first molting can be caught in 4 months of the year after 1500 soybean crabs/mu are released per mu, and 960 adult crabs/mu can be caught in the market after the adult crabs are sold. The recapture rate of both stages was 80%.
3. The fry stocking cost is reduced: the soybean crabs are bred in the pond with 19 mu according to the quantity of 1500 per mu, the specification is 500-600 per kilogram, and the price is 140 yuan per kilogram. The stocking cost per mu is 350 yuan and 420 yuan, which is greatly reduced compared with the average stocking cost per mu of 1655.03 yuan of 85-family farmers in Kunshan city investigated in 2019.
4. Taking out and selling the female crabs: the female crabs have large demand in the early stage of marketing, and should be sold at the moment. At the later stage, the female crabs are prone to the bottom and cannot land on the bank, so that the female crabs are difficult to catch, and more female crabs appear in the next year in the pond which does not dry the pond.
In addition, the culture mode of the application can be improved by adopting the following measures:
1. the mode of intercropping the freshwater shrimps is adopted to improve the economic benefit of the whole pond, but the intercropping of the soybean crabs has influence on the yield of the freshwater shrimps (the yield of the freshwater shrimps in one pond for intercropping the soybean crabs in the current year is obviously lower than that in the other pond because the high density of the river crabs causes turbid water, insufficient dissolved oxygen in water, residual eating of the freshwater shrimps and the like), so that the culture of the river crabs is still taken as the main factor, the intercropping of the freshwater shrimps can not be carried out in the actual culture process, the density of the intercropped freshwater shrimps is properly controlled in the specific embodiment, and the economic benefit of the whole pond can be properly improved under the condition of completely not influencing the culture of the river crabs.
2. The method has the advantages that the method can be used for planting various aquatic weeds besides the single planting of the elodea nutans after the pond without the bean crabs is cleaned, the various aquatic weeds can make up for deficiencies in different seasons and climates according to the biological characteristics of various aquatic weeds, the various aquatic weeds can mutually benefit and complement each other, the defects of respective ecological habits of the aquatic weeds are overcome, the same-variety and same-period growth is realized, and the quality and the coverage rate of the aquatic weeds cannot be greatly influenced even if the aquatic weeds of individual varieties go wrong.
3. When dissolved oxygen management is carried out, strip type micropore oxygenation adopted by the method can be changed into point type micropore oxygenation, and the oxygenation power can be increased to improve the yield and specification of river crabs.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A river crab culture method capable of promoting the coming-into-market period is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps,
preparing an adult crab culture pond A, an adult crab culture pond B and a juvenile crab culture pond;
the current year of river crabs is cultured in the first year of adult crab culture pond A, and after the last molting of female river crabs of the current year of river crabs is finished in the middle and last ten days of the 8 months of the year, the soybean crabs cultured in the juvenile crab culture pond are released into the adult crab culture pond A to be cultured together with the current year of river crabs, wherein the releasing amount of the soybean crabs is the total releasing amount of the adult crab culture pond A and the adult crab culture pond B; catching the current-year grown crabs in the mature crab culture pond A in the middle ten days of the first 9 months, and continuously culturing the soybean crabs in the mature crab culture pond A without drying the pond after all the current-year grown crabs are sold at the end of 10 months; the cultivation of the soybean crabs continues to the next year until the soybean crabs grow into adult crabs, fishing is carried out in the middle of 9 th of the next year and all the adult crabs are sold at the bottom of 10 months, the adult crab cultivation pond A is cleaned at the bottom of 12 months of the next year until the pond is dried to the beginning of 3 months of the third year, and the adult crab cultivation pond A is prepared from the beginning of 3 months to the last 4 months of the third year;
after river crabs in the current year in the first adult crab culture pond B are completely sold in the end of 10 months, the first adult crab culture pond B is cleaned and dried to the beginning of 3 months in the next year at the end of 12 months, and the adult crab culture pond B is prepared from the beginning of 3 months in the next year to the last ten days of 4 months; in the middle ten days of the next 4 months, after the first molting of the river crabs is completed, selecting the river crabs with part inside the adult crab culture pond A after the first molting, stocking the river crabs into an adult crab culture pond B with a prepared pond for culture, and after the last molting of the female river crabs of the released river crabs after the first molting in the last 8 months of the next year is completed, stocking the soybean crabs cultured in the juvenile crab culture pond B into the adult crab culture pond B for co-culture with the river crabs, wherein the stocking amount of the soybean crabs is the total stocking amount of the adult crab culture pond A and the adult crab culture pond B; catching the current aged crabs in the adult crab culture pond B in the middle ten days of 9 months of the next year, and continuously culturing the soybean crabs in the adult crab culture pond B without drying the pond after all the current aged crabs are sold at the end of 10 months; the bean crab culture lasts for the third year, in 4 middle of the third year, after the bean crabs in the adult crab culture pond B complete the first molting of the river crabs, selecting the river crabs after the first molting of part of the bean crabs in the adult crab culture pond B, stocking the selected river crabs in the adult crab culture pond A which is provided with a spare pond for culture, and continuously culturing the rest of the bean crabs in the adult crab culture pond B;
and circulating according to the above steps, and cleaning and drying the pond every two years in the adult crab culture pond A and the adult crab culture pond B, and alternately culturing the river crabs.
2. The method for cultivating river crabs capable of promoting their marketing period according to claim 1, wherein the steps of the pond cleaning, the pond drying and the pond preparation comprise:
1) cleaning a pond and drying the pond: pumping water to dry the pond at the bottom of 12 months in the current year of the pre-cleaning pond, fishing out the water plants in the pond, and drying the pond to the beginning of 3 months in the next year;
2) preparing a pond:
injecting water 55-65cm into the pond after the pond is sunned in the beginning of 3 months, disinfecting the whole pond by using 70-80 kg/mu of bleaching powder, discharging the water in the pond completely after 1 week, and injecting water 25-35cm into the pond;
b. after water plants are planted in the pond after water injection, detoxification, water fertilization, algae cultivation and bacteria supplementation are carried out, after half a month, water fertilization, algae cultivation and bacteria supplementation are carried out again, and in the period, if a large number of insects are found in the water body, the insects are killed by using the insecticide, and then detoxification is carried out.
3. The method for cultivating river crabs capable of promoting an early marketing period according to claim 2, wherein the method for preparing a pond is characterized in that when performing the aquatic plant cultivation in the step of preparing a pond, the waterweeds are planted in a strip-like manner at a row spacing of 4m and a plant spacing of 2m in the pond in ten days of 3 months, and the planting area is 40 to 50% of the area of the pond, and the root strengthening fertilizer is applied after the completion of the planting.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the preparation of the pond comprises the steps of planting aquatic weeds, detoxifying with a detoxifying and water-protecting agent, fertilizing with amino acid water fertilizing paste, cultivating with King of cultivated algae, and replenishing with EM bacteria; if a large amount of rotifers are found in the water body, red rotifers are used for killing insects.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stocking density of the selected river crabs after the first molting in the adult crab culture pond a or B in mid-4 th month is 1100-.
6. The method for cultivating river crabs capable of promoting the coming into market period according to claim 1, wherein after the female river crabs in the adult crab cultivation pond a or the adult crab cultivation pond B are finally molted in the last ten days of 8 months, the stocking density of the stocking amount of the stocking-released juvenile crab cultivation pond for cultivating bean crabs is 1600-; the soybean crabs bred in the released crab breeding pond are megalops bred by taking male crabs with two specifications of 6.5 and female crabs with two specifications of 4.8 as parents through self breeding.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the river crab cultivation management measures include water quality substrate control measures, feeding management measures, snail release measures, waterweed management measures, dissolved oxygen management measures, and disease control measures.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the river crab culture is capable of early marketing,
the water quality substrate regulation and control measures are as follows: fertilizer water is mainly used in the early stage of cultivation; performing bottom modification, viable bacteria and fertilizer combined use at 6 months in the middle period of cultivation, wherein the combined use is performed once every 7-10 days in the middle period of cultivation, once every 5 days in high-temperature days, and once every 7 days from 9 months to the marketing period of river crabs; simultaneously, after the insecticidal and disinfectant drugs are used, detoxification and bacterium supplementation are carried out in time;
the feeding management measures are as follows: the feed mainly comprises a full-protein 40% granular formula feed, takes ice fresh fish, corn and bean pulp as auxiliary materials, and puts snails as natural live baits; feeding the feed with a full-protein 40% granular formula feed at the beginning of 3 months, feeding the feed once according to the weather temperature for 2-3 days, and supplementing corn and bean pulp in high-temperature days; after the river crabs are hulled for the last time at the end of 8 months, the iced fresh fishes are fed additionally to be fattened, the whole pond is fed once at 5-6 pm every day, the feeding amount around the pond accounts for 60-65%, and the feeding amount in the middle of the pond accounts for 35-40%.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the river crab culture is capable of early marketing,
the spiral shell throwing measures are as follows: 500-; the first stage is to throw in at a density of 150-;
the aquatic plant management and protection measures are as follows: beginning in 3 months, dredging waterweed channels in the pool which is not dried, and cutting off old grass after new grass grows out; in the subsequent time period, the two ponds can timely cut grass according to the growth condition of the aquatic weeds to control the aquatic weeds to form a strip-shaped mode, and the top ends of the aquatic weeds do not expose out of the water surface, so that the aquatic weeds coverage rate is controlled to be 40-50%; the grass protection medicine is used for repairing after each mowing, and is used for regulating and controlling when the aquatic weeds are withered.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the river crab culture is capable of early marketing,
the dissolved oxygen management measures are as follows: according to the area of the pond, oxygen increasing equipment is used in the pond, oxygen is increased for 2-3h to 10 middle ten days at noon in sunny days at the bottom of 4 months, and oxygen is increased from ten o 'clock in evening to eight o' clock in the next morning every day during the period from 5 middle ten days to the end of the sale of adult crabs; oxygenation is carried out during feeding and medication;
the disease control measures are as follows: respectively carrying out insect killing and sterilization once in 3 months and 5 months in the pond, and respectively carrying out water body sterilization and disinfection once in 8 months and 10 months, wherein the insect killing uses the chlorfenapyr 150-; calcium is supplemented to the river crabs every half month before the first molting, ionized calcium is added to the feed during the molting period, the god of bacteria, EM bacteria, VC and ionized calcium are added to the feed during the high-temperature period and the later period of feeding the iced fresh fish, and the VC is splashed to the whole pond to prevent stress in sudden change weather.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113728952A (en) * | 2021-09-25 | 2021-12-03 | 无为优良农业科技有限公司 | Efficient crab breeding method |
| CN114667960A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-06-28 | 江苏虹州农业发展有限公司 | Efficient ecological breeding method for river crabs |
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| US20030070624A1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2003-04-17 | Yonathan Zohar | Process for culturing crabs in recirculating marine aquaculture systems |
| CN105230531A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2016-01-13 | 盘锦光合蟹业有限公司 | Large-size crab cultivation method |
| CN105613374A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-01 | 淮阴师范学院 | Male and female river crab separated pond culture method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030070624A1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2003-04-17 | Yonathan Zohar | Process for culturing crabs in recirculating marine aquaculture systems |
| CN105230531A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2016-01-13 | 盘锦光合蟹业有限公司 | Large-size crab cultivation method |
| CN105613374A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-01 | 淮阴师范学院 | Male and female river crab separated pond culture method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113728952A (en) * | 2021-09-25 | 2021-12-03 | 无为优良农业科技有限公司 | Efficient crab breeding method |
| CN114667960A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-06-28 | 江苏虹州农业发展有限公司 | Efficient ecological breeding method for river crabs |
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