CN111084135B - High-quality eriocheir sinensis breeding method - Google Patents
High-quality eriocheir sinensis breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111084135B CN111084135B CN201911417028.4A CN201911417028A CN111084135B CN 111084135 B CN111084135 B CN 111084135B CN 201911417028 A CN201911417028 A CN 201911417028A CN 111084135 B CN111084135 B CN 111084135B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality eriocheir sinensis breeding method which comprises the steps of pond preparation, crab fry stocking, aquatic plant management, water quality management, fry thinning and marketing, adult crab fattening and the like. The pond is improved by applying fermented base fertilizer and EM (effective microorganisms) soil conditioner after dredging accumulated silt and excessive organic matters at the bottom of the pond and cleaning the pond, and simultaneously planting various aquatic weeds to ensure the aquatic weed coverage rate of the pond in different seasons and ensure the plant bait of crabs. And regularly pruning the aquatic weeds, fertilizing to promote the growth of the aquatic weeds and purifying the water quality. Meanwhile, beneficial flora purified water is applied, and brown sugar and rich water are applied, so that the water body in the pond is ensured to be tender and tender, and the crab growth is facilitated. During the fattening period of the crabs, the fat content of the feed is increased, molasses is dispersed into the water body to increase the floating biomass of the water body, the feed of the crabs is increased, and the growth of adult crabs is accelerated. The method of the invention runs a high-end route, and the cultured crabs are full of yellow top paste, have good taste and high quality, are deeply popular in the market and have good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-quality eriocheir sinensis breeding method.
Technical Field
Eriocheir sinensis (eriocheir sinensis), also known as river crab, hairy crab, clean water crab, hairy crab. Is a rare aquaculture variety in China, and the Chinese mitten crabs have new varieties of ' Changjiang No. 1 ', ' Changjiang No. 2 ', ' photosynthetic No. 1 ', ' Jianghai No. 21 ', ' Noah No. 1 ', ' and the like at present. In the Chinese mitten crab seed breeding field in recent two years, the conventional female crabs with the weight of about 2-3 and male crabs with the weight of about 3-4 are selected as breeding parents, and the female crabs with the weight of about 3-4 and male crabs with the weight of about 4-6 are gradually converted into the conventional trend of selecting the female crabs with the weight of about 3-4 and male crabs as the parents, but the parent germplasm resources are uncontrollable, and the problems of late water supply around the ditch, single aquatic weed, anoxic crab pond, accumulated silt in old pond, excessive organic matters and the like exist in a breeding mode, so that the situations of low crab breeding survival rate, differentiation and variation of the overall specification of crabs and the like exist. Therefore, the development of a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of crabs is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a high-quality eriocheir sinensis cultivation method, which improves the yield and quality of eriocheir sinensis by finely managing a crab pond and aquatic weeds and adding a reasonable cultivation method. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a high-quality eriocheir sinensis breeding method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: pond preparation
1) Pond arrangement: dredging accumulated silt and excessive organic matters at the bottom of a pond for cultivation, and cleaning the pond by using quick lime to kill fishes, shrimps and pathogenic microorganisms in the pond and in the circular ditch;
2) modifying a base fertilizer pond: applying fermented base fertilizer and EM (effective microorganisms) soil conditioner into the crab pond passing through the pond to increase the fertilizer and improve the pond bottom of the crab pond;
3) planting aquatic weeds: aquatic weeds are planted in the improved crab pond, and the aquatic weeds with high and low temperature are planted in a matching way, so that the plant bait required by the crabs is enriched, and the water quality is purified;
the second step is that: stocking crab larva
4) Putting crab seedlings: selecting disease-free robust crab seedlings with relatively good body color, full food line and regular specification to breed into the prepared crab pond; controlling the stocking amount to be 1200-3500 for each mu;
5) crab larva feeding: feeding special complete pellet feed or self-prepared crab larva feed containing shrimp and crab shelling essence to crab larva;
the third step: aquatic weed management
6) Fertilizing the aquatic weeds: after the aquatic weeds are planted, the long root fertilizer needs to be applied, so that the survival rate of the aquatic weeds is ensured; in the later period, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied to promote the growth of waterweeds;
7) pruning aquatic weeds: after the aquatic weeds grow high, the grass heads are trimmed and removed to enable the grass heads not to be higher than the water surface, tillering of the aquatic weeds is facilitated, and diseases and insect pests of the aquatic weeds are prevented; quicklime is needed for disinfection after each mowing;
the fourth step: water quality management
8) And (3) adding an algae source: when the water temperature is low, algae in the water body of the crab pond are difficult to grow, and an algae source is required to be added, so that the plant bait of the water body is increased, and the visibility of the water body is adjusted;
9) purifying water and fertilizing water: applying quicklime regularly to kill aquatic weeds in the pond water body and pests and pathogenic bacteria existing around the aquatic weeds, applying externally-added beneficial flora once every 7-10 days to decompose the feces of the crab seedlings and animal and plant residues; meanwhile, brown sugar is applied to promote the growth of plankton, regulate the water quality and increase the dissolved oxygen of the water body;
the fifth step: thinning and marketing
10) And after the crab seedlings are stocked for 3-4 months, part of the caught female crabs are on the market in advance, so that the breeding density is reduced, and the fattening of adult crabs is accelerated.
And a sixth step: adult crab fattening
11) Feeding high-fat bait: after the crab seedlings are bred for 5-6 months, increasing the fat components in the fed baits to promote the crab fattening; and the molasses is sprinkled regularly to improve the water body fertility, increase the water body floating biomass, increase the crab bait and accelerate the growth of the adult crabs.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 1), the usage amount of the quicklime for cleaning the pond is 150 jin/mu.
In a preferable technical scheme, in the step 2), the fermented base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 160 parts of vegetable cake, 20 parts of rice bran and 20 parts of wheat bran; the application amount of the fermented base fertilizer is 200 jin/mu.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 2), the EM bacteria soil conditioner comprises EM bacteria liquid and a soil conditioning matrix; the soil improvement matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of brown sugar, 20 parts of natural mineral elements and 50 parts of plant ash.
As a further preferable technical scheme, the using amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 2L/mu; the dosage of the soil improvement matrix is 80 jin/mu.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step 3), the planted aquatic weeds include hydrilla verticillata, eel grass and elodea nutans.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 4), the crab seedlings are put in, wherein the ratio of the male crabs to the female crabs is 20%, and the ratio of the male crabs to the female crabs is 80%.
Preferably, in step 8), the additional algae source is mainly chlorella.
As a preferred technical scheme, in the step 9), the additional beneficial flora is mainly bacillus, EM bacteria and lactic acid bacteria; in the step 11), the amount of the splashing molasses is 10 jin/mu.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 7), the amount of the raw lime applied after the aquatic weeds are trimmed and disinfected is 8-10 jin/mu; in the step 9), the amount of the raw lime applied for water quality management and disinfection is 10-20 jin/mu.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the existing culture method, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the raising mode is favorable for crabs
According to the invention, the pond is improved by applying the fermentation base fertilizer and the EM bacteria soil conditioner after the accumulated silt and excessive organic matters at the bottom of the pond are dug out and cleaned, and simultaneously, various aquatic weeds are planted to ensure the aquatic weed coverage rate of the pond in different seasons, thereby ensuring the plant bait of crabs. And regularly pruning the aquatic weeds, fertilizing to promote the growth of the aquatic weeds and purifying the water quality. Meanwhile, beneficial flora purified water is applied, and brown sugar and rich water are applied, so that the water body in the pond is ensured to be tender and tender, and the crab growth is facilitated. During the fattening period of the crabs, the fat content of the feed is increased, molasses is dispersed into the water body to increase the floating biomass of the water body, the feed of the crabs is increased, and the growth of adult crabs is accelerated.
2. High density culture yield
The crab larva breeding and putting amount is high, the crab larva can be supplemented to the crab pond in the early stage, and the survival rate can be ensured for the seedling supplementation of other pond mouths with low density (after two shells are added); yellow crabs can be sold in the middle period, the yellow crabs can be put into the market in advance, and a part of funds are returned; the later-period yield is high, and the economic benefit is ensured. In addition, the breeding amount can be increased by two-eight mode breeding, the space required by female crabs is small, more seedlings can be bred, the unified management is facilitated, the shelling is neat, the medicine application is facilitated, and the targeted fattening at the later stage is facilitated; the female crab is mature earlier and can be listed in the market early to preempt the first opportunity.
3. The adult crab has high breeding quality
The method of the invention runs a high-end route, and the cultured crabs are full of yellow top paste, have good taste and high quality, are deeply popular in the market and have good economic benefit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment is a high-quality eriocheir sinensis breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: pond preparation
1) Pond arrangement: dredging accumulated silt and excessive organic matters at the bottom of a pond for cultivation, and cleaning the pond by using 150 jin/mu of quicklime to kill fishes, shrimps and pathogenic microorganisms in the pond and in the circular ditch;
2) modifying a base fertilizer pond: applying fermented base fertilizer and EM (effective microorganisms) soil conditioner into the crab pond passing through the pond to increase the fertilizer and improve the pond bottom of the crab pond; the fermented base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 160 parts of vegetable cake, 20 parts of rice bran and 20 parts of wheat bran; the application amount of the fermented base fertilizer is 200 jin per mu; the EM soil conditioner comprises EM bacterial liquid and a soil improvement matrix; the soil improvement matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of brown sugar, 20 parts of natural mineral elements and 50 parts of plant ash. The using amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 2L/mu; the dosage of the soil improvement matrix is 80 jin/mu;
3) planting aquatic weeds: and planting aquatic weeds in the improved crab pond, wherein the aquatic weeds with high and low temperature are planted in a matching way, and the aquatic weeds comprise hydrilla verticillata, eel grass and waterweed. Plant baits required by the crabs are enriched, and the water quality is purified; various aquatic weeds are planted to ensure the coverage rate of the aquatic weeds in the pond in different seasons and ensure the plant bait of the crabs.
The second step is that: stocking crab larva
4) Putting crab seedlings: selecting disease-free robust crab seedlings with relatively good body color, full food line and regular specification to breed into the prepared crab pond; controlling the stocking amount to be 1200-3500 for each mu; the proportion of the male crabs bred is 20 percent, and the proportion of the female crabs bred is 80 percent;
5) crab larva feeding: feeding special complete pellet feed or self-prepared crab larva feed containing shrimp and crab shelling essence to crab larva.
The third step: aquatic weed management
6) Fertilizing the aquatic weeds: after the aquatic weeds are planted, the long root fertilizer needs to be applied, so that the survival rate of the aquatic weeds is ensured; in the later period, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied to promote the growth of waterweeds;
7) pruning aquatic weeds: after the aquatic weeds grow high, the grass heads are trimmed and removed to enable the grass heads not to be higher than the water surface, tillering of the aquatic weeds is facilitated, and diseases and insect pests of the aquatic weeds are prevented; quicklime is used for disinfection after mowing every time, and the amount of the applied raw lime is 8-10 jin/mu.
The fourth step: water quality management
8) And (3) adding an algae source: when the water temperature is low, algae in the crab pond water body are difficult to grow, an algae source, mainly chlorella, is needed to be added, plant bait of the water body is increased, and the visibility of the water body is adjusted.
9) Purifying water and fertilizing water: applying quicklime regularly to kill aquatic weeds in the water body of the pond and pests and pathogenic bacteria existing around the aquatic weeds, wherein the amount of the applied quicklime is 10-20 jin/mu; applying beneficial flora, mainly bacillus, EM (effective microorganisms) and lactic acid bacteria, to the crab larva every 7 to 10 days to decompose the crab larva excrement and animal and plant residues; meanwhile, the brown sugar is applied to promote the growth of plankton, regulate the water quality and increase the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body.
The fifth step: thinning and marketing
10) And after the crab seedlings are stocked for 3-4 months, part of the caught female crabs are on the market in advance, so that the breeding density is reduced, and the fattening of adult crabs is accelerated.
And a sixth step: adult crab fattening
11) Feeding high-fat bait: increasing fat components in the fed bait 3-4 months after the crab seedlings are put into the breeding field, and promoting the crab to gain weight; and the molasses is sprinkled regularly to improve the water body fertility, the sprinkling amount of the molasses is 10 jin/mu, the floating biomass of the water body is increased, the crab bait is increased, and the growth of the adult crabs is accelerated.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A high-quality eriocheir sinensis breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: pond preparation
1) Pond arrangement: dredging accumulated silt and excessive organic matters at the bottom of a pond for cultivation, and cleaning the pond by using 150 jin/mu of quicklime to kill fishes, shrimps and pathogenic microorganisms in the pond and in the circular ditch;
2) modifying a base fertilizer pond: applying fermented base fertilizer and EM (effective microorganisms) soil conditioner into the crab pond passing through the pond to increase the fertilizer and improve the pond bottom of the crab pond; the fermented base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 160 parts of vegetable cake, 20 parts of rice bran and 20 parts of wheat bran; the application amount of the fermented base fertilizer is 200 jin per mu; the EM soil conditioner comprises EM bacterial liquid and a soil improvement matrix; the soil improvement matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of brown sugar, 20 parts of natural mineral elements and 50 parts of plant ash; the using amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 2L/mu; the dosage of the soil improvement matrix is 80 jin/mu;
3) planting aquatic weeds: the aquatic weeds including hydrilla verticillata, eel grass and elodea nutans are planted in the improved crab pond, and the aquatic weeds with high and low temperature are planted in a matching way, so that the plant bait required by the crabs is enriched, and the water quality is purified;
the second step is that: stocking crab larva
4) Putting crab seedlings: selecting disease-free robust crab seedlings with full food lines and regular specifications to breed into a prepared crab pond; controlling the stocking amount to be 1200-3500 for each mu; the proportion of the male crabs bred is 20 percent, and the proportion of the female crabs bred is 80 percent;
5) crab larva feeding: feeding special complete pellet feed or self-prepared crab larva feed containing shrimp and crab shelling essence to crab larva;
the third step: aquatic weed management
6) Fertilizing the aquatic weeds: after the aquatic weeds are planted, the long root fertilizer needs to be applied, so that the survival rate of the aquatic weeds is ensured; in the later period, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied to promote the growth of waterweeds;
7) pruning aquatic weeds: after the aquatic weeds grow high, the grass heads are trimmed and removed to enable the grass heads not to be higher than the water surface, tillering of the aquatic weeds is facilitated, and diseases and insect pests of the aquatic weeds are prevented; quicklime is used for disinfection after mowing every time, and the amount of the applied raw lime is 8-10 jin/mu;
the fourth step: water quality management
8) And (3) adding an algae source: when the water temperature is low, algae in the crab pond water body hardly grow, and an algae source mainly comprising chlorella needs to be added, so that the plant bait of the water body is increased, and the visibility of the water body is adjusted;
9) purifying water and fertilizing water: applying quicklime regularly with the application amount of 10-20 jin/mu to kill weeds and peripheral pests and pathogenic bacteria in the water body of the pond, applying beneficial flora mainly comprising bacillus, EM (effective microorganisms) and lactic acid bacteria once every 7-10 days, and decomposing crab seedling excrement and animal and plant residues; meanwhile, brown sugar is applied to promote the growth of plankton, regulate the water quality and increase the dissolved oxygen of the water body;
the fifth step: thinning and marketing
10) After the crab seedlings are stocked for 3-4 months, part of the caught female crabs are listed in the market in advance, so that the breeding density is reduced, and the fattening of adult crabs is accelerated;
and a sixth step: adult crab fattening
11) Feeding high-fat bait: after the crab seedlings are bred for 5-6 months, increasing the fat components in the fed baits to promote the crab fattening; and the molasses is sprinkled regularly, the sprinkling amount is 10 jin/mu, the water body fertility is improved, the water body floating biomass is increased, the crab bait is increased, and the growth of the adult crabs is accelerated.
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| CN112056248A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-12-11 | 南京耀淳蟹业有限公司 | Method for advancing marketing time of hairy crabs |
| CN112535131A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-23 | 上海开太鱼文化发展有限公司 | Breeding method for improving quality of eriocheir sinensis |
| CN112602658A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-06 | 马鞍山市徽农农业科技发展有限公司 | Crab culture water quality improvement method |
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| CN107873594A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-06 | 崔劲 | The cultivation of crab and the prevention and controls of disease |
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| CN107873594A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-06 | 崔劲 | The cultivation of crab and the prevention and controls of disease |
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