CN105994027A - Breeding method and pond for improving commercial specification and yield of procambarus clarkii in pond - Google Patents
Breeding method and pond for improving commercial specification and yield of procambarus clarkii in pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN105994027A CN105994027A CN201610323137.XA CN201610323137A CN105994027A CN 105994027 A CN105994027 A CN 105994027A CN 201610323137 A CN201610323137 A CN 201610323137A CN 105994027 A CN105994027 A CN 105994027A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method and a pond for improving the commercial specification and the yield of procambarus clarkii in the pond. The breeding method comprises the following steps: drying the pond under the sun; putting young procambarus clarkii into the pond for the first time; performing catch rotation on commercial procambarus clarkii for the first time; putting young procambarus clarkii into the pond for the second time; performing catch rotation on commercial procambarus clarkii for the second time; and thoroughly draining water of the pond, and catching all commercial procambarus clarkii. The pond comprises a circular groove which is digged along the periphery of the pond, wherein the circular groove has an upper bottom width of 6 to 10 meters, a lower bottom width of 1 to 5 meters, a depth of 0.8 to 1 meter, a ridge height of 0.8 to 1 meter and a slope ratio of 1: 3; the area of the circular groove accounts for 20 to 30% of the total area of the pond; the a region, located at the inner side of the circular groove, of the pond is piled with a central enclosed beach; and the distance between the water level of the pond and the central enclosed beach is in a range of 10 to 70 cm. The invention has the following beneficial technical effects: by adopting the method provided by the invention, 200 to 250 kg of commercial procambarus clarkii can be harvested in two seasons, wherein the proportion of the commercial procambarus clarkii with a specification of 40 g or more reaches 60 to 70%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Freshwater shrimps cultural method, be specifically related to a kind of raising pond Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield
Cultural method.
Background technology
Procambrus clarkii (Procambarus clarkii), is commonly called as freshwater crayfish, is subordinate to Crustachia, Decapoda, and Astacidae is former
Astacus, originates in northern Mexico and southern US, and nineteen twenty-nine introduces China Nanjing and area, Anhui Chuzhou through Japan,
Now it is distributed mainly on the areas such as the Jiangsu of the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Shanghai.This shrimp is nutritious, and meat is thin
Greasy, deeply to be favored by domestic and international consumer, American-European countries started to consume freshwater crayfish from the eighties in 19th century.This century with
Come, China the brand such as " Xuyi Lobster ", " lobster, Panulirus stimpsoni joint ", festival celebration boosting under, promote increasing rapidly of domestic consumption
Add.At present, the peeled shrimp of China's processing, whole shrimp, the main exit such as shrimp balls sell to European and American developed countries, the big specification of more than 40g
Commercial sized prawn fresh goods mainly sell to the developed regions such as river, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and the by-product deep processed product such as shrimp Huang, chitin also begins to
Large-scale production utilizes, and supply falls short of demand in domestic and international market so that China's wild Procambrus clarkii stock number drastically declines.From previous generation
Recording the eighties, the ground such as China Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui starts the research carrying out Procambrus clarkii and cultivation practice, gradually forms
Breeding way mainly has rice shrimp to educate altogether, rice shrimp continuous cropping, Farmed as Main Species in Ponds, Mixed cultivation of prawn and crab, shrimp mandarin fish is raised together with, shrimp Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann is raised together with.Tradition
In breeding way, wherein overlap with paddy field aquaculture and pond that to support area relatively big, Farmed as Main Species in Ponds due to exist yield poorly, pasture and water difficulty cultivation etc.
Technical bottleneck, cultivation Expansion is slow, and the subject matter existed has: one is from numerous autotrophy, disposably puts shrimp Seedling spring, or
After disposably putting parent shrimp autumn in a suitable place to breed, raiser cannot accurately grasp breeding water body Procambarus clarkii density, mixes with pool commercial sized prawn, shrimp Seedling,
Size heterogeneity is very big, and mutual autotomy is serious, and catches year after year and stay greatly little, and Low market efficiency, shrimp species matter is degenerated fast.Two is to have chosen warp
Long-distance transport, profiteering blue or green shell shrimp Seedling repeatedly so that the dehydration of shrimp Seedling, extrude badly wounded, put rear mortality rate in a suitable place to breed high.Three is scarce
Weary effective pasture and water culture technology, owing to Procambarus clarkii is to pasture and water very disruptive so that water surface for aquaculture is often destroyed by pasture and water by Procambarus clarkii
Totally, Procambarus clarkii lacks things concealed, and water quality easily deteriorates, and between Procambarus clarkii, autotomy is serious, and pathophoresis is fast, often by white spot syndrome
Puzzlement etc..Four are a lack of complete compound granular feed balanced in nutrition, and feedstuff kind is selected random big, often because of Procambarus clarkii nutrition
Lack, cause iron-clad shrimp, shell unsuccessful.Based on disadvantages described above, the universal specification of Procambarus clarkii of China's pond culture is less, 20-30g
Between small dimension commercial sized prawn large percentage, more than 40g is big, and standard commodities shrimp ratio is little, and every per mu yield only maintains 100-150
Kilogram, yield and specification are difficult to break through, and market average price is only the 20-50% of the big standard commodities shrimp of more than 40g, has a strong impact on
Procambrus clarkii fanning economics.Therefore, it is badly in need of at Procambrus clarkii seedling selection-breeding, pasture and water cultivation, regulating and controlling water quality, raises
The aspects such as material apolegamy carry out technological innovation, promote the big standard commodities shrimp ratio of more than 40g and improve specific yield, and then improving single
Position economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
Present invention seek to address that traditional pond master supports the defect of Procambrus clarkii method, it is provided that a kind of raising pond Procambrus clarkii commodity
Specification and the cultural method of yield.The present invention is specific as follows:
A kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield, is carried out as follows:
Step 1: in the 11-12 month of the previous year of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, pond is carried out the solarization pool no less than 10 days.Institute
State pond to comprise central authorities and enclose beach.It is formed around circular groove what central authorities enclosed beach.After shining the pool, the central authorities in pond enclose on beach
Uniformly discharge the organic manure through fully fermentation.After discharging organic manure, clean up the pond with quick lime, bleaching powder or tea seed cake.
Step 2: to January in next year behind 7-10 days cleaned up the pond, the cold-resistant pasture and water of plantation.
Step 3: the middle ten days and the last ten days in March then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, to early and middle ten days in April, carries out throwing in shrimp Seedling for the first time.
Cultivate the March then of Procambrus clarkii, April, throw in crab full-valence pellet feed.Cultivation Procambrus clarkii then 5
The moon-early June, the small fish ratio of the throwing something and feeding mixed fodder not less than 60%.In the first tenday period of a month in June then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii,
Stop throwing something and feeding feedstuff 7-10 days, meanwhile, combines the method manually cutting off waterweed, controls waterweed and overgrows, and in pond
In reseed water peanut.
Step 4: cultivation Procambrus clarkii the middle ten days in May then to the first tenday period of a month in June, carry out the first next round and catch commercial sized prawn.
In the middle ten days in June then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, carry out second time and throw in shrimp Seedling.In mid-June, late June, again
The fish ratio of the throwing something and feeding mixed fodder not less than 60%.In the May then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, central authorities are enclosed beach water level and keeps
At 40-50cm.In the June then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, central authorities are enclosed beach water level promoting to 50-60cm.
Step 5: cultivating the July then of Procambrus clarkii, August, the mixing of small fish ratio of throwing something and feeding not higher than 30% is raised
Material.Cultivation Procambrus clarkii then 7, August, the most alternately throw in chlorine dioxide, povidone iodine prevention bacterial disease
Medicament 1 time.In the last ten-days period in August then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, carry out the second next round and catch commercial sized prawn.In cultivation gram
Crayfish then 7, August, central authorities are enclosed beach water level promoting to 60-70cm.
Step 6: cultivating the JIUYUE then of Procambrus clarkii, October, the small fish ratio of again the throwing something and feeding mixing not less than 60%
Feedstuff.Use the small fish ratio mixed fodder not less than 60%, be for 9, October be the second season Procambrus clarkii enter
Last fattening stage, therefore increases animal fodder and throws something and feeds ratio.In the JIUYUE then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, on October
In ten days, central authorities are enclosed beach water level and is down to 50-60cm.Meanwhile, by the method in step 5, proceed the second next round and catch business
Product shrimp.Pool harvesting entire service shrimp is done in the mid-October then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii.Two seasons can gather in the crops 200-250 kilogram of business
Product shrimp, more than 40g is big, and standard commodities shrimp ratio reaches 60-70%.
For the pond of a kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield of the present invention, described pond area
Between 10-50 mu.Circular groove is excavated along pond surrounding.On circular groove, bottom width a is 6-10 rice, and lower bottom width b is 1-5 rice, ditch depth
H is 0.8-1 rice, and ridge height h1 is 0.8-1 rice, and slope is 1:3 than h/a1.Circular groove area accounts for pond gross area 20-30%.?
Pond area inside circular groove is piled up central authorities and is enclosed beach.The water level in pond and central authorities enclose distance between beach 10 to 70cm it
Between.
Foregoing invention is explained further as follows:
The pond of the present invention, its area is advisable with 10-50 mu, changes " pot bottom-shape " pond structure of conventional art into " ring
Ditch+central authorities enclose beach " structure, excavate circular groove along pond surrounding, utilize excavation pond sludge, raise central authorities and enclose beach, increase the ridge, the pool high
Degree, and strengthen the pond gradient so that bottom width 6-10m on circular groove, lower bottom width 1-5m, deep 0.8-1m, slope is than 1:3, and the ridge is high
0.8-1 rice, ridge face width more than 1.5 meters, circular groove area accounts for pond gross area 20-30%.
Pond in the present invention clean up the pond, apply fertilizer be cultivation 11-12 month the previous year, pasture and water transplant before 20-30 days,
Drain water freeze solarization 10-20 days, at the bottom of the pool in polygon, discharge the organic manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, every mu of 150-300 public affairs
Jin, encloses beach in central authorities and uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields, and fertilizer is screwed in 10-15cm in soil by recycling rotary cultivator, as base manure, specifically makes
Depending on consumption is according to pond fertilizer degree.After fertilising, water filling is flooded central authorities and is enclosed beach 10-15cm, utilizes the medicine such as quick lime, bleaching powder
Thing carries out dry method and cleans up the pond, and every mu uses quick lime 100-150 kilogram or bleaching powder 15-30 kilogram, and that kills in pond is black
The harmful animals such as fish, Misgurni anguillicaudati, Monopterus albus (Zuiew), Bellamya quadrata, wild fishes, and kill fraction of pathogens microorganism.To retain deposit pool pasture and water or
The former pool of person is retained and has close shrimp, tea seed cake 15-20 kilogram can be used 24 hours to soak after, full pool spilling head, clean up the pond.
Described seedling selection-breeding is, according to cultivating pool area, near cultivating pool, according to nursery pond and culturing pool area
The ratio of 1:4-5, arranges special pond nursery pond.The annual 7-9 month, big water surface selective body lattice are healthy and strong, duricrust is dark red from lake etc.,
More than body weight 40g, abdominal muscles is full, appendage is complete high-quality Procambrus clarkii as parent, throw in parent shrimp 50-60 for every mu
Kilogram, sex ration 3-5:1, according to the mode of reproduction of Procambrus clarkii seed, breed Procambrus clarkii large size seedling seed, for
Pond culture Procambrus clarkii provides high-quality large size seedling seed.
The described shrimp Seedling mode of putting in a suitable place to breed is, according to the growth characteristics of Procambrus clarkii, the present invention uses and throws in two stages or mend
Amplifying specification shrimp Seedling, the first stage is that mid or late March to early and middle ten days in April, from the nursery pond of special pond, Catchable size is 200-400
Tail/kilogram big specification shrimp Seedling, be invested in cultivating pool, throw in 6000-8000 tail (20-25 kg/acre) for every mu.The
Two stages are, catch due to late May-early June wheel and reach the big standard commodities shrimp listing of more than 40g so that pond
Carry shrimp density decline, mid-June, to cultivating pool mend put specification be 100-200 tail/kilogram shrimp Seedling, every mu mend amplify
Specification shrimp Seedling 3000-4000 tail (20-30 kg/acre).
It is, according to Procambrus clarkii, the growth characteristics of pasture and water, to take to transplant in two stages pasture and water that described pasture and water are cultivated, its
In, first stage, annual December-January in next year, clean up the pond sterilization after 7-10 days, select continuous sunny, water filling is flooded
Do not have central authorities to enclose 10-15 centimetre of beach, on the ridge, slope of pond circular groove and central authorities enclose beach transplant waterweed trophosome, circular groove every
7-10m, transplants a waterweed, and central authorities enclose on beach, transplants according to seeding row spacing 3m × 3m, every 10 cave pasture and water, stays 5-10
The neutral gear of rice, does not plant pasture and water, as Procambrus clarkii active tunnel.Along with alive of pasture and water, growth, gradually add deep water level,
When shrimp Seedling is thrown in, central authorities enclose beach water level and reach 30-40cm, and waterweed area coverage accounts for the 50-60% of total water surface.May,
Pasture and water coverage rate reaches 60-70%.Second stage is, at the beginning of annual 6 months, the first season, the big standard commodities shrimp of more than 40g caught
Drag for and draw to an end, now, on the one hand stopping can be taked 7-10 days to throw something and feed, lure that Procambrus clarkii takes food pasture and water and combines people into
Work cuts off the mode of waterweed, prevents waterweed from overgrowing, and causes death to ruin water quality.On the other hand, enclose along circular groove and central authorities
Transplant water peanut at the neutral gear on beach, every 10 meters, transplant one, utilize bamboo pole, waddy and rope to fix.Pasture and water are transplanted
Before, utilize the bleaching powder of 10g/m3 or the potassium permanganate of 20g/m3 to soak 10 minutes, transplant after cleaning.
Described water level management is, according to the ecological habit of Procambrus clarkii, by seasonal variations regulation pond water level, general March
Part maintains central authorities to enclose beach water level 30-40cm, increases water body accumulated temperature, promotes pasture and water growth.April, May, central authorities are enclosed
Beach water level promoting is to 40-50cm.6 parts, central authorities are enclosed beach water level water level promoting to 50-60cm.7, high temperature season in August,
Central authorities are enclosed beach water level promoting to 60-70cm.Central authorities are enclosed beach water level and are down to 50-60cm by JIUYUE.October, gradually
Reducing water level, induction Procambarus clarkii enters cave breeding.
Described regulating and controlling water quality is, April, May, according to water quality fertilizer degree situation, within every 15-20 days, imposes amino acids etc. and sends out
Ferment bio-fertilizer 1 time, regulates liquid manure degree.After April, every 10-15 days, alternately splash EM bacterium, a spore in full pond
The microbial ecological agent such as bacillus, regulation water body bacterium is balanced each other, and decomposes the residual bait in pond, humus etc..After June, every 10-15
My god, full pond uses 1 substrate modifier.April, May, changed water every 15-20 days 1 time.After June, often
Change water every 7-10 days 1 time, change water 5-10cm every time, stimulate Procambrus clarkii degenerate cllipticity.After May, every 15-20
My god, quick lime of full pool spilling head, each consumption controls within 5 kilograms, increases water body calcareous, improves water quality.7、8、
JIUYUE high temperature season and weather are changeable, water-bed easily anoxia, open micro-pore oxygenation facility according to weather in good time, increase at the bottom of pond
Layer dissolved oxygen, prevents down algae and pasture and water sudden death.Run into vile weather, need timely full pool spilling head Vc, VE, stress
The anti-stress medicines such as multidimensional.By above technical measures, in 3-4 month, keep pond transparency 30-40cm, 5-6 month,
Pond transparency 40-50cm, in 7-9 month, pond transparency 50-60cm, water colour is shallow dark brown.
Described feedstuff is matched and is thrown something and fed, March, April, and (crude protein content is 36% to select crab full-valence pellet feed
Above, particle diameter 3mm), carry out shrimp Seedling reinforced cultivating, health invigorating.5, June, according to small fish 60%, Semen Glycines 20%,
Semen Maydis 10%, the ratio of Semen Tritici aestivi 10% are thrown something and fed after mixing.7, August, according to small fish 30%, Semen Glycines 40%, Semen Maydis 20%,
Throw something and feed after the mixing of Semen Tritici aestivi 10% ratio.JIUYUE, according to small fish 60%, Semen Glycines 20%, Semen Maydis 10%, the ratio of Semen Tritici aestivi 10%
Throw something and feed after example mixing.Full-valence pellet feed is 1-3% according to the throwing rate of raising, small fish, Semen Glycines, Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi mixed fodder
Being 3-10% according to the throwing rate of raising, wherein small fish is cut into Semen Glycines block size and throws something and feeds, and Semen Glycines, Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi soak 12 hours
After throw something and feed.Uniformly throw something and feed along surrounding phytal zone, pond, enclose the pasture and water neutral district on beach in central authorities simultaneously and set up an office throwing every 7-10 rice
Hello.Every day throws something and feeds 1 time at dusk, and concrete feeding volume is advisable without residue with second day feedstuff.Check that feedstuff is ingested feelings early morning every day
Condition, if feedstuff has residue, then reduces feeding volume, remains without feedstuff, then increases feeding volume.
Described disease prevention is, the middle ten days in April, full pool spilling head one ketone-sulphoxylate and mixture of ferrous sulfate, and water body concentration reaches
0.7g/m3 (copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate ratio are 5:2), the generation of prevention balantidiasis.In May, full pool spilling head is once
Solution of zinc sulfate, water body concentration reaches 0.3-0.6g/m3, the generation of prevention balantidiasis.After June, monthly full pond is sprinkled
Spilling chlorine dioxide, benzalkonium bromide and glutaraldehyde mixed liquor, povidone iodine etc., disinfection drug is used alternatingly, pre-bacteriological protection
Property disease occur.June-JIUYUE, bottom material of pond for breeding organic matter gradually accumulates, and the waterweed easily dead toxin that produces, monthly
It is used alternatingly that biology changes the end, oxygen supplement changes the end and organic acid antidote 1-2 time.JIUYUE the middle ten days and the last ten days, full pool spilling head one sulphoxylic acid
Zinc, water body concentration reaches 0.3-0.6g/m3, the generation of prevention balantidiasis.
Described commercial sized prawn is fished for and is, the present invention divides 2 concentration wheels to catch big standard commodities shrimp, for the first time, opens from mid-May
Begin, fish for 2-3 time weekly, utilize the lobster basket Catchable size that mesh is about 2.5cm to reach the big standard commodities shrimp of more than 40g,
Terminate to mid-June.For the second time, from late August, when fishing for, carry out pond punching and change water, utilize mesh for 2.0cm
The lobster basket Catchable size of left and right reaches the big standard commodities shrimp of more than 30g, does the pool to mid or late October and fishes for entire service shrimp.
Two seasons can gather in the crops 200-250 kilogram of commercial sized prawn, and more than 40g is big, and standard commodities shrimp ratio reaches 60-70%.It addition, catch the second season
While dragging for commercial sized prawn, specification of selecting and remain consciously the big standard commodities shrimp of more than 40g as parent, every mu of former culturing pool
Selecting and remain 10-20 kilogram of close shrimp in the pool, shrimp Seedling in next year is bred on the former pool.The big specification parent shrimp it addition, select and remain, carries out special pond and breeds big rule
Lattice seed, as high-quality shrimp Seedling in next year source.
The present invention is as follows with the advantage of prior art:
1, the pond structure of the present invention is " circular groove+central authorities enclose beach ", compared with traditional pan bottom shape structure, be conducive in
Plantation pasture and water on beach are enclosed in centre, improve the area coverage of pasture and water.Be conducive to increasing central authorities and enclose beach feedstuff feeding point, lure that kirschner is former into
Crayfish is dispersed in pond and ingests, and increases Procambrus clarkii and ingests area, and Procambrus clarkii can be prevented because concentrating
Ingest and fight, autotomy etc..Being conducive to playing central authorities spring, to enclose beach water shallow, increases water temperature, promotes the shrimp fast-growth first season.
Be conducive to giving full play to the circular groove depth of water and pasture and water sheltered from heat or light effect, in summer high temperature season, reduce water temperature, it is ensured that the second season kirschner
Former crayfish avoids heat safely, aestivates, and keeps the speed of growth faster.
2, the present invention uses and transplants tolerance to cold waterweed in December-January in next year, and now, water temperature is low, Procambrus clarkii Seedling
Kind do not put in a suitable place to breed, or deposit pool shrimp and the most do not open food, little to the destructiveness of pasture and water, transplant for pasture and water, live, propagation is striven for
To the growth time of 2-3 month, be conducive to before Procambrus clarkii opens food, form the pasture and water coverage rate of more than 50%.March
After Fen, Procambrus clarkii progresses into peak period of ingesting, and can catch big standard commodities in conjunction with reinforcement feedstuff feeding and in good time wheel
The modes such as shrimp, reduce the Procambrus clarkii destruction to pasture and water, keep pasture and water coverage rate.At the beginning of June, enter high temperature season,
Waterweed growth restriction, modes such as now can ingesting to combine Procambrus clarkii and manually cut off, make it regerminate long root,
Prevent pasture and water too much, unexpected mortality, deteriorate water quality, mend in waterweed neutral district simultaneously and plant part water peanut.Make gram
Crayfish primary growth season, keep pond pasture and water coverage rate more than 60%, it is provided that sufficient things concealed, and purify water
Matter, can be that Procambrus clarkii provides a high-quality, the growing environment of safety.
3, the present invention is according to seasonal variations, adjusts pond water level in good time, changes water the most on a small quantity, uses bacillus cereus, EM bacterium
Deng microbial ecological agent regulating water quality, after June, periodically it is used alternatingly that biology changes the end, oxygen supplement changes the end and organic acid antidote
Product, keep the suitable transparency of water body and shallow dark brown water, it is ensured that pasture and water normal growth, eliminate ammonia nitrogen, nitrite,
The injurious factors such as hydrogen sulfide, the abundant natural bait of cultivation is biological, ingests for Procambrus clarkii, is aided with and renews fresh spun lacing and swash,
Accelerate molting frequency, through the cultivation of the 2-3 month so that major part shrimp specification reaches more than 40g.
4, the present invention use put in a suitable place to breed in two stages or mend put Procambrus clarkii seed with in two stages wheel catch big standard commodities
Shrimp combines, and is caught by wheel, and continuous desaturation pond carries shrimp amount, promotes Procambrus clarkii fast-growth.Simultaneously by second time
Benefit puts shrimp Seedling, keeps pond certain shrimp Seedling density, makes full use of space, pond and the season of growth, both promoted that Procambrus clarkii was fast
Fast-growing is long, improves commercial specification, can improve again pond specific yield.
5, the present invention 3, April, select full price crab pellet, shrimp Seedling of surviving the winter carried out reinforced cultivating, strengthen shrimp
Seedling body constitution, promotes shrimp Seedling fast-growth.After May, small fish of throwing something and feeding, Semen Glycines, Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi etc., reduce feedstuff
Cost, wherein 5, June, JIUYUE, the animal fodder blend proportion such as small fish reaches 60%, increases Procambrus clarkii eating
Animal fodder ratio, promote Procambrus clarkii fast-growth.7, high temperature season in August, reduces small fish etc. and moves
The ratio of throwing something and feeding of physical property bait, increases the ratio of throwing something and feeding of the plant feeds such as Semen Glycines, effectively prevent Procambrus clarkii sexual precosity,
And prevent high temperature season from deteriorating water quality because of throwing something and feeding in a large number of animal fodder.
6, the present invention mainly use 4,5, JIUYUE ciliate season occurred frequently, use the chemoprophylaxis such as copper sulfate, zinc sulfate
The insect pests such as ciliate.6,7, August, the medicine such as application chlorine dioxide, glutaraldehyde, benzalkonium bromide, povidone iodine,
The prevention bacterial disease such as gill rot, black gill disease, ulcer, application pasture and water, microbial ecological agent, the end change, strengthen nutrition etc., holding
Excellent water ecological environment, strengthens the viral diseases such as shrimp body immunity, prevention white spot syndrome.By above disease prevention
Measure, breeding process, substantially occur without disease.Improve yield for Procambrus clarkii and specification is laid a good foundation.
Technical solution of the present invention is cleaned up the pond in pond structure of modification, pond and is applied fertilizer, seedling selection-breeding, seed put mode, pasture and water in a suitable place to breed
Cultivation, water level management, water quality adjustment, feedstuff apolegamy and throw something and feed, the sport technique segment such as commercial sized prawn catching method, all carry out technology
Innovation, all plays the good effect promoting shrimp aquaculture: be conducive to preferred excellent Procambrus clarkii kind matter, promote its speed of growth.
Reduce seedling and choose damage, improve and put survival rate in a suitable place to breed.Improve pasture and water coverage rate, keep excellent water ecological environment, reduce it certainly
Residual rate, reduces disease incident.Precisely throw and raise, keep the load shrimp density that pond is suitable, promote Procambrus clarkii fast-growth,
Make the big standard commodities shrimp ratio of more than 40g reach 60-70%, commercial sized prawn 200-250 kilogram can be gathered in the crops, significantly carry for every mu
High unit is through benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the top view in pond in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view in pond in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The construction features of the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield, is carried out as follows:
Step 1: in the 11-12 month of the previous year of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, pond is carried out the solarization pool no less than 10 days.Excellent
The scheme of choosing is, freezes the solarization pool 20 days.
Described pond comprises central authorities and encloses beach.It is formed around circular groove, as shown in Figure 1 what central authorities enclosed beach.
After shining the pool, the central authorities in pond enclose the organic manure uniformly discharged on beach through fully fermentation.Preferably scheme is to use
Chicken manure is as organic manure.
After discharging organic manure, clean up the pond with quick lime, bleaching powder or tea seed cake.
Step 2: to January in next year behind 7-10 days cleaned up the pond, i.e. cultivates the January then of Procambrus clarkii, plants resistance to
Cold pasture and water.The coverage rate of cold-resistant pasture and water reaches 50-60%.Preferred version is, plants waterweed.
Step 3: the middle ten days and the last ten days in March then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, to early and middle ten days in April, carries out throwing in shrimp Seedling for the first time.
The specification of the shrimp Seedling thrown in for the first time be 200-400 tail/kilogram.When throwing in shrimp Seedling for the first time, throw in 6000-8000 by every mu
The standard of tail (20-25 kg/acre) is thrown in pond.
Cultivate the March then of Procambrus clarkii, April, throw in crab full-valence pellet feed.
In the May then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, the fish ratio of the throwing something and feeding mixed fodder not less than 60%.
In the first tenday period of a month in June then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, stop throwing something and feeding feedstuff 7-10 days, meanwhile, in conjunction with manually cutting off
The method of waterweed, controls waterweed overgrowing, and reseeds water peanut in pond.Thrown something and fed by stopping, promoting Procambrus clarkii
Take food waterweed/cold-resistant pasture and water.Use the mode manually cutting off waterweed so that it regerminates and takes root simultaneously, control waterweed
Overgrowing.
Step 4: cultivation Procambrus clarkii the middle ten days in May then to the first tenday period of a month in June, carry out the first next round and catch commercial sized prawn.
In the middle ten days in June then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, carry out second time and throw in shrimp Seedling.
In mid-June, late June, the small fish ratio of again the throwing something and feeding mixed fodder not less than 60%.
In the May then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, central authorities are enclosed beach water level and is maintained at 40-50cm.Cultivation Procambrus clarkii
June then, central authorities are enclosed beach water level promoting to 50-60cm.
Step 5: cultivating the July then of Procambrus clarkii, August, the granule of small fish ratio of throwing something and feeding not higher than 30% is raised
Material.
Cultivation Procambrus clarkii then 7, August, the most alternately throw in chlorine dioxide, povidone iodine prevention bacterial disease
Medicament 1 time.
In the last ten-days period in August then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, carry out the second next round and catch commercial sized prawn.
Cultivation Procambrus clarkii then 7, August, central authorities are enclosed beach water level promoting to 60-70cm.
Step 6: cultivating the JIUYUE then of Procambrus clarkii, October, the fish ratio of again the throwing something and feeding mixed fodder not less than 60%.
Use the fish ratio mixed fodder not less than 60%, be for 9, October be the second season Procambrus clarkii enter and finally fatten rank
Section, therefore increases animal fodder and throws something and feeds ratio.
Cultivating the JIUYUE then of Procambrus clarkii, the first tenday period of a month in October, central authorities are being enclosed beach water level and is down to 50-60cm.
Meanwhile, by the method in step 5, proceed the second next round and catch commercial sized prawn.
Pool harvesting entire service shrimp is done in the mid-October then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii.Two seasons can gather in the crops 200-250 kilogram of commodity
Shrimp, more than 40g is big, and standard commodities shrimp ratio reaches 60-70%.
Seeing Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, furtherly, in step 1, pond area is between 10-50 mu.Excavate along pond surrounding
Circular groove.Circular groove area accounts for pond gross area 20-30%.
The pond sludge utilizing excavation circular groove to obtain, raises the height in the middle part of pond, raises the height on the ridge, the pool, pond and strengthen pond
The ridge, the pool gradient.It is elevated pieces of in the middle part of pond forming central authorities and encloses beach.
Preferably scheme is: bottom width 6-10m on circular groove, lower bottom width 1-5m, deep 0.8-1m, slope than 1:3, ridge height 0.8-1 rice,
Ridge face width more than 1.5 meters.
Furtherly, in step 1, the concrete grammar discharging organic manure is: the water in draining pond freezes solarization 10-20
My god, after at the bottom of the pool in polygon, discharge the organic manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, every mu 150-300 kilogram, enclose beach in central authorities uniform
Spreading fertilizer over the fields, fertilizer is screwed in 10-15cm in soil by recycling rotary cultivator, as base manure.
In step 1, carry out cleaning up the pond method particularly includes:
To kill the predator fish in pond and pathogenic microorganism, then utilizing quick lime or bleaching powder to carry out dry method and clean up the pond, water filling is flooded
Central authorities enclose beach 10-15cm, and every mu uses quick lime 100-150 kilogram or bleaching powder 15-30 kilogram.Described predator fish bag
Include snakeheaded fish, Misgurni anguillicaudati, Monopterus albus (Zuiew), Bellamya quadrata, wild fishes.
To retain the pasture and water in pond or parent shrimp, water filling is flooded central authorities and is enclosed beach 10-15cm, takes every mu to use tea seed cake 15-20
Kilogram, full pool spilling head, clean up the pond.Furtherly, use after tea seed cake should soak 24 hours.
Furtherly, in step 2, described cold-resistant pasture and water are waterweed.
Select continuous sunny, to pond water filling, until flooding central authorities to enclose 10-15 centimetre of beach.Circular groove and central authorities in pond enclose beach
Upper transplanting waterweed:
On the ridge, slope of circular groove, circular groove, every 7-10m, transplants a waterweed.One waterweed comprises the Yi Le of more than 5 strains
Algae trophosome.
Enclose on beach in central authorities, transplant waterweed according to seeding row spacing 3m × 3m, resist cold pasture and water every 10 caves, stay the neutral gear of 5-10 rice,
Do not plant waterweed, as Procambrus clarkii active tunnel.
Along with alive of waterweed, growth, gradually adding deep water level, before shrimp Seedling is thrown in, central authorities enclose beach water level and reach 30-40cm.
Furtherly, in step 3, described crab full-valence pellet feed, for crude protein content more than 36%, particle diameter 3mm
Feedstuff.
Cultivate the April then of Procambrus clarkii, May, throw in the medicament of prevention balantidiasis.Described prevention balantidiasis
Medicament be copper sulfate and mixture of ferrous sulfate or solution of zinc sulfate.Furtherly, the ratio of copper sulfate and mixture of ferrous sulfate is
5:2。
In the March then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, maintain central authorities to enclose beach water level 30-40cm, increase water body accumulated temperature, promote water
Grass growth.In the April then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, central authorities are enclosed beach water level promoting to 40-50cm.
Furtherly, in step 4, described first next round catches commercial sized prawn, is the big standard commodities shrimp that specification reaches more than 40g
Fish for.
When carrying out the first next round and catching commercial sized prawn, fishing for 2-3 time weekly, the lobster basket Catchable size utilizing mesh to be 2.0～3.0cm reaches 40g
Above big standard commodities shrimp, terminated to mid-June.Preferably scheme is, using mesh is the lobster basket of 2.5cm.
Described summer pasture and water, for water peanut.
Plantation pasture and water in summer method particularly includes: enclose along circular groove and central authorities and at the neutral gear on beach, transplant pasture and water in summer, every 10 meters, move
Plant one, utilize bamboo pole, waddy and rope to fix.
Before transplanting pasture and water in summer, utilize 10g/m3Bleaching powder or 20g/m3Potassium permanganate soak pasture and water 10 minutes in summer,
Transplant after Xi Jinging.
The specification of shrimp Seedling that second time is thrown in be 100-200 tail/kilogram.When second time throws in shrimp Seedling, by every mu of input
The standard of 3000-4000 tail (20-30 kg/acre) is thrown in pond.
The described fish ratio mixed fodder not less than 60%, raises for fish 60%, Semen Glycines 20%, Semen Maydis 10%, the mixing of Semen Tritici aestivi 10%
Material.Selected fish is small fish.Use the fish ratio mixed fodder not less than 60%, be for 5,6,9, October be
Procambrus clarkii primary growth season and fattening stage, therefore increase animal fodder and throw something and feed ratio.
The fish ratio that every day throws something and feeds toward the pond mixed fodder amount not less than 60% is: every mu 2.5-5.0 kilogram.
Furtherly, fish/small fish is cut into Semen Glycines block size to throw something and feed.Throw after Semen Glycines, Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi are soaked 8-12 hour
Hello.
When throwing something and feeding, uniformly throw something and feed along surrounding phytal zone, pond, simultaneously enclose the pasture and water neutral district fixed point on beach in central authorities and throw something and feed.
Check that feedstuff is ingested situation early morning every day, if feedstuff has residue, then reduce feeding volume, remain without feedstuff, then increase and throw something and feed
Amount.
Furtherly, in step 4, in the 4-5 month then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, the medicament of prevention balantidiasis is thrown in.
In the June then-JIUYUE of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, throw in the medicament of prevention bacterial disease.
In the 6-9 month then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, alternately throw in the end change, biological preparation, organic acid antidote.
The medicament of described prevention balantidiasis is copper sulfate and mixture of ferrous sulfate or solution of zinc sulfate.
The medicament of described prevention bacterial disease is chlorine dioxide, benzalkonium bromide and glutaraldehyde mixed liquor or povidone iodine.Simply
June-JIUYUE uses
The described end changes, biological preparation, organic acid antidote for for 6, July resist cold pasture and water waterweed easily dead time produce toxin
And the medicament of the injurious factor of cultivation middle and late stage pond bottom organic matter accumulation generation.Preferably scheme is, June-JIUYUE,
Monthly alternately throw in 1-2 end change, biological preparation, organic acid antidote.
Furtherly, in steps of 5, described fish ratio is not higher than the mixed fodder of 30%, for fish 30%, Semen Glycines 40%, Semen Maydis
20%, the mixed fodder of Semen Tritici aestivi 10%.Selected fish is small fish.
Use fish ratio to be not higher than the mixed fodder of 30%, be for 7, August be high temperature season, Procambrus clarkii (Procambarus clarkii)
Enter copulation, volt phase in summer, therefore reduce animal fodder and throw something and feed ratio.
The fish ratio that every day throws something and feeds toward pond is not higher than the mixed fodder amount of 30%: every mu 2.0-4.0 kilogram.
Furtherly, fish/small fish is cut into Semen Glycines block size to throw something and feed.Throw after Semen Glycines, Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi are soaked 8-12 hour
Hello.When throwing something and feeding, uniformly throw something and feed along surrounding phytal zone, pond, simultaneously enclose the pasture and water neutral district fixed point on beach in central authorities and throw something and feed.
Check that feedstuff is ingested situation early morning every day, if feedstuff has residue, then reduce feeding volume, remain without feedstuff, then increase and throw something and feed
Amount.
Described second next round catches commercial sized prawn, is the fishing for of big standard commodities shrimp that specification reaches more than 30g.
When carrying out the second next round and catching commercial sized prawn, fish for 2-3 time weekly, carry out pond punching every time when fishing for and change water, utilize mesh
Be 1.5～2.5cm lobster basket Catchable size reach the big standard commodities shrimp of more than 30g.Preferably scheme is that employing mesh is 2.0cm
Lobster basket.
Furtherly, in step 6, the fish ratio that every day throws something and feeds toward the pond pellet amount not less than 60% is: every mu
2.5-5.0 kilogram.
In the JIUYUE then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, throw in the medicament of prevention balantidiasis.The medicament of described prevention balantidiasis
For zinc sulfate.
In the JIUYUE then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, continue to throw in the medicament of prevention bacterial disease.
See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, for the pond of a kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield of the present invention
The pool, described pond area is between 10-50 mu.Circular groove is excavated along pond surrounding.On circular groove, bottom width a is 6-10 rice, goes to the bottom
Wide b is 1-5 rice, and ditch depth h is 0.8-1 rice, and ridge height h1 is 0.8-1 rice, and slope is 1:3 than h/a1.Circular groove area accounts for pond
Pool gross area 20-30%.Pond area inside circular groove is piled up central authorities and is enclosed beach.Water level and the central authorities in pond enclose between beach
Distance is between 10 to 70cm.
Embodiment one:
1, pond condition
Pond is that lakeshore transformation forms, area 32 mu, length-width ratio 2:1, pond excavation circular groove, end wide 8 meters on circular groove, under
Bottom width 3-4 rice, slope is than 1:2.5-3, ditch depth 0.8 meter, and the ridge is high 0.8 meter, and the ridge is wide 3 meters, and circular groove accounts for the 23% of total water surface.
2, clean up the pond, apply fertilizer
On November 20th, 2014, thoroughly it is allowed to dry water, freezes solarization 20 days, execute organic manure 200 public affairs through fully ferment for every mu
Jin, utilizes rotary cultivator that fertilizer is bought in 10-15cm in soil.After fertilising the 2nd day, inject 10-15cm water, every mu of bleaching of splashing
20 kilograms of powder, removes snakeheaded fish, finless eel and mud, wild fishes etc., and kills pathogenic microorganism.
3, pasture and water are cultivated
Waterweed is transplanted.On January 20th, 2015, after sterilizing 7 days, transplant waterweed trophosome along circular groove slope shoal,
Transplanting one every 8 meters, enclose on beach in central authorities, transplant waterweed trophosome according to seeding row spacing 3m × 3m, every mu by grass amount 15
Kilogram.Along with alive of pasture and water, growth, gradually add deep water level to flooding central authorities and enclose beach 30-40cm.
Water peanut is transplanted.On June 15th, 2015, water peanut is transplanted, often by the waterweed neutral district enclosing beach along pond surrounding and central authorities
Every 10 meters, transplant one, utilize bamboo pole, waddy and rope to fix, prevent from drifting about everywhere.
Before pasture and water are transplanted, utilize the bleaching powder of 10g/m3 to soak 10 minutes, transplant after cleaning.
4, seed selection-breeding
In order to ensure to cultivate the supply of required big specification shrimp Seedling, it is equipped with special pond nursery pond 5 mu, 23-26 day in August, 2014,
Screen from lake, female mountain and company crab pond physically fit, duricrust is dark red, more than body weight 40g, abdominal muscles is full, appendage
Complete high-quality Procambrus clarkii, as parent, puts high-quality parent shrimp 300 kilograms in a suitable place to breed altogether, according to Procambrus clarkii seed breeding mode,
Carry out large size seedling seed cultivation, end on June 18th, 2015, altogether capture high-quality shrimp Seedling 1015 kilograms.
5, seed is put in a suitable place to breed
-15 days on the 5th April in 2015, start from nursery pond and the crab pool, fish for average size and reach 260 tails/kilogram shrimp Seedling,
It is invested in cultivating pool, throws in shrimp Seedling 25 kilograms for every mu.15-18 day in June, 2015, supplementing and throwing in average size is 100
Tail/kilogram shrimp Seedling, put shrimp Seedling 30 kilograms for every mu.Mending the shrimp Seedling put the second season utilizes the potassium permanganate solution immersion of 15g/m3 to disappear
Poison was thrown in after 5-10 minute.Shrimp Seedling is thrown in along Po Geng waterside, pond, allows their own climb in water in pasture and water clump, and the pool is stayed in rejecting
Dead shrimp on the ridge, weak shrimp.
6, feedstuff is matched and throws something and feeds
On 6 days-May 6 April in 2015, select crab full-valence pellet feed (crude protein content more than 36%, particle diameter 3mm),
Throw something and feed every day every mu 0.25-1 kilogram.On 7 days-June 1 May in 2015, select small fish 60%, Semen Glycines 20%, Semen Maydis
10%, the ratio mixed fodder of Semen Tritici aestivi 10%, throws something and feeds 2.5-5 kilogram every day every mu.2 days-June 10 June in 2015, pond
The pool stops throwing something and feeding feedstuff so that Procambrus clarkii, with waterweed for food, skims the pasture and water that pond is floating every day.June 11 in 2015
Day-July 1, selecting small fish 60%, Semen Glycines 20%, Semen Maydis 10%, the ratio mixed fodder of Semen Tritici aestivi 10%, every day every mu throws
Feed 2-4 kilogram.On on July 2nd, 2015 to August 31, select small fish 30%, Semen Glycines 40%, Semen Maydis 20%, Semen Tritici aestivi 10%
Ratio mixed fodder, throws something and feeds 2-4 kilogram every day every mu, 9, October, according to small fish 60%, Semen Glycines 20%, Semen Maydis 10%,
The ratio mixed fodder of Semen Tritici aestivi 10%, throws something and feeds 3-5 kilogram every day every mu.Specifically throw something and feed according to the ingesting of Procambrus clarkii, weather,
Depending on water quality situation, it was advisable without residue with the 2nd day.
7, water level management
In March, 2015, central authorities are maintained to enclose beach water level 30-40cm.4, May, central authorities are kept to enclose beach depth of water 40-50cm.6
Part water level promoting is to 50-60cm.7, August, central authorities are kept to enclose beach depth of water 60-70cm.JIUYUE, keeps central authorities to enclose the beach depth of water
50-60cm.In October, being gradually lowered water level, induction is deposited pool parent shrimp and is burrowed breeding.In November, water level is down to circular groove, protects
Holding circular groove depth of water 50-60cm, central authorities enclose beach in shining pool state.
8, water quality adjustment
In April, imposing aminoacid Fertilizer water paste 2 times, each every mu uses 800g.May, June, JIUYUE, every 10-15 days,
EM bacterium of full pool spilling head (benefit bacterium source), each every mu of consumption is 1L.7, August, every 10-15 days, full pool spilling head was once
Bacillus cereus (probiotics), each every mu of consumption 200-300g.April, May, changed water every 15-20 days 1 time, June
After Fen, change water every 7-10 days 1 time, change water 5-10cm every time.6, July, monthly change sheet at the bottom of use potassium peroxydisulfate and (contain
Amount 15%) change the end 1 time, each every mu of consumption 300-400g.After May, every 15 days, quick lime of full pool spilling head,
Each every mu of consumption is 4 kilograms.7,8, JIUYUE high temperature season, according to weather, open micro-pore oxygenation facility in good time, increase pond
Pool bottom dissolved oxygen.In June, 2015, July, splash stress spirit 2 times, each every mu of 200g.In breeding process, water colour is shallow
Dark brown, ammonia-nitrogen content maintains 0.2-0.3mg/L, and nitrite maintains 0-0.03mg/L at 0-0.06mg/L, sulfide.
9, disease prevention
In the middle ten days in April, full pool spilling head one ketone-sulphoxylate and mixture of ferrous sulfate, water body concentration reaches 0.7g/m3(copper sulfate and sulphuric acid
Ferrous ratio is 5:2).In May, solution of zinc sulfate of full pool spilling head, water body concentration reaches 0.4g/m3.June-JIUYUE, often
The moon alternately full pool spilling head chlorine dioxide (10%), povidone iodine (1%) 1 time, prevention bacterial disease occurs.June-JIUYUE,
Monthly use organic acid antidote (clear water peace) 2 times, each every mu of consumption 300-500g.JIUYUE the middle ten days and the last ten days, full pond is sprinkled
Spilling a solution of zinc sulfate, water body concentration reaches 0.4g/m3。
10, fish for
Start the commercial sized prawn first season on May 20th, 2015 to fish for, fish for weekly 3 times, utilize the shrimp that mesh is about 2.5cm
Cage Catchable size reaches the big standard commodities shrimp of more than 40g, to end of day in June 10, fishes for big standard commodities shrimp altogether for average every mu
118 kilograms.For the second time, from the beginning of 21 days Augusts in 2015, when fishing for, carry out pond punching and change water, utilize mesh for 2cm
The lobster basket Catchable size of left and right reaches the big standard commodities shrimp of more than 30g, October 16, does pool harvesting entire service shrimp, averagely
Fish for commercial sized prawn 126 kilograms altogether for every mu.Average every mu of two seasons can fish for 244 kilograms of commercial sized prawns altogether, the big standard commodities of more than 40g
Shrimp ratio reaches 68%.
Embodiment two:
1, pond condition
Pond is that rice field transformation forms, area 40 mu, length-width ratio 1.6:1, pond excavation circular groove, bottom width 10 meters on circular groove,
Lower bottom width 4-5 rice, slope is than 1:3, ditch depth 1 meter, and the ridge is high 1 meter, and the ridge is wide 3 meters, and circular groove accounts for the 25% of total water surface.Pond is neighbouring
Rising Jinhu County, water source is abundant.
2, clean up the pond, apply fertilizer
On November 5th, 2014, being thoroughly allowed to dry water, freeze solarization 20 days, the chicken manure that utilization is fully become thoroughly decomposed is as base manure, by chicken manure
Uniformly splashing and enclose on beach in central authorities, utilize rotary cultivator that chicken manure screws in 10-15cm in soil, every mu uses chicken manure 300 kilograms.Fertilising
Latter second day, water filling was flooded central authorities and is enclosed beach 10cm, removes and swims in the rice stubble on the water surface, full pool spilling head quick lime removing snakeheaded fish,
Finless eel and mud, wild fishes etc., every mu uses quick lime 100 kilograms.
3, pasture and water are cultivated
Waterweed is transplanted.On December 7th, 2014, cleans up the pond latter 10 days, transplants waterweed trophosome along circular groove slope shoal,
Transplanting one every 8 meters, enclose on beach in central authorities, transplant waterweed trophosome according to seeding row spacing 3m × 3m, every mu by grass amount 20
Kilogram, along with alive of pasture and water, growth, gradually add deep water level to flooding central authorities and enclose beach 30-40cm.
Water peanut is transplanted.On June 10th, 2015, water peanut is transplanted, every 10 by the neutral district enclosing beach along pond surrounding and central authorities
Rice, transplants one, utilizes bamboo pole, waddy and rope to fix.
Pasture and water utilize the potassium permanganate soaking disinfection 10 minutes of 20g/m3 before transplanting, transplant after cleaning.
4, seed selection-breeding
In order to ensure to cultivate the supply of required big specification shrimp Seedling, it is equipped with special pond nursery pond 10 mu, the 31-9 month in August, 2,014 1
Day, screen from liter Jinhu County physically fit, duricrust is dark red, more than body weight 40g, abdominal muscles is full, appendage is complete high-quality
Procambrus clarkii, as parent, puts high-quality parent shrimp 600 kilograms in a suitable place to breed altogether, according to Procambrus clarkii seed breeding mode, advises greatly
Lattice seed rearing.
5, seed is put in a suitable place to breed
On 25 days-April 5 March in 2015, start from nursery pond, fish for average size and reach 320 tails/kilogram shrimp Seedling, throw in
In cultivating pool, throw in shrimp Seedling 25 kilograms for every mu.10-15 day in June, 2015, supplement throw in average size be 100 tails/
Kilogram shrimp Seedling, every mu throw in shrimp Seedling 30 kilograms.The second season mends the shrimp Seedling put and utilizes 15g/m3Potassium permanganate solution soaking disinfection
Throw in after 5-10 minute.Shrimp Seedling is thrown in along Po Geng waterside, pond, allows their own climb in water in pasture and water clump, and Tang Geng is stayed in rejecting
On dead shrimp, weak shrimp.
6, feedstuff is matched and throws something and feeds
On 1 day-May 1 April in 2015, select crab full-valence pellet feed (crude protein content more than 36%, particle diameter 3mm),
Throw something and feed every day 0.25-1 kilogram.2 days-June 1 May in 2015, select small fish 60%, Semen Glycines 20%, Semen Maydis 10%,
The ratio mixed fodder of Semen Tritici aestivi 10%, throws something and feeds 2.5-5 kilogram every day every mu.On 2 days-June 9 June in 2015, pond stops
Throw something and feed feedstuff so that Procambrus clarkii, with waterweed for food, skims the pasture and water that pond is floating every day.10 days-6 June in 2015
The moon 30, select small fish 60%, Semen Glycines 20%, Semen Maydis 10%, the ratio mixed fodder of Semen Tritici aestivi 10%, throw something and feed every day every mu
2-4 kilogram.On on July 1st, 2015 to August 31, select small fish 30%, Semen Glycines 40%, Semen Maydis 20%, Semen Tritici aestivi 10%
Ratio mixed fodder, throws something and feeds 2-4 kilogram every day every mu, JIUYUE, October, according to small fish 60%, Semen Glycines 20%, Semen Maydis
10%, the ratio mixed fodder of Semen Tritici aestivi 10%, throws something and feeds 3-5 kilogram every day every mu.Specifically throw something and feed the feelings of ingesting according to Procambrus clarkii
Depending on condition, it was advisable without residue with second day.
7, water level management
In March, 2015, central authorities are maintained to enclose beach water level 30-40cm.4, May, central authorities are kept to enclose beach depth of water 40-50cm.6
Part water level promoting is to 50-60cm.7, August, central authorities are kept to enclose beach depth of water 60-70cm.JIUYUE, keeps central authorities to enclose the beach depth of water
50-60cm.In October, being gradually lowered water level, induction is deposited pool parent shrimp and is burrowed breeding.In November, water level is down to circular groove, protects
Holding circular groove depth of water 50-60cm, central authorities enclose beach in shining pool state.
8, water quality adjustment
In April, imposing amino acid polypeptide Fertilizer water paste 2 times, each every mu uses 200g/ mu.May, June, JIUYUE, often
10-15 days, EM bacterium (bacterium is the most) of full pool spilling head, each every mu of consumption was 200-300g.7, August, every 10-15
My god, bacillus cereus (probiotics) of full pool spilling head, each every mu of consumption 200-300g.April, May, every 15-20
It changes water 1 time, after June, changes water every 7-10 days 1 time, changes water 5-10cm every time, and 6, July, monthly used
Change sheet (15%) at the bottom of potassium sulfate and change the end 1 time, each every mu of consumption 300-400g.After May, every 15 days, full pond is sprinkled
Spilling a quick lime, each consumption is 5 kgs/acre.According to weather, open micro-pore oxygenation facility in good time, increase pond bottom molten
Solve oxygen.In June, 2015, July, splash stress spirit 2 times, each every mu of 200g.In breeding process, water colour is shallow dark brown,
Ammonia-nitrogen content maintains 0.2-0.5mg/L, and nitrite maintains 0-0.03mg/L at 0-0.05mg/L, sulfide.
9, disease prevention
In the middle ten days in April, full pool spilling head one ketone-sulphoxylate, water body concentration reaches 0.7g/m3.May, zinc sulfate of full pool spilling head
Solution, water body concentration reaches 0.4g/m3.June-JIUYUE, the most alternately (benzene pricks bromine to full pool spilling head benzalkonium bromide glutaraldehyde mixed liquor
Ammonium content 10%, glutaraldehyde content 10%), chlorine dioxide (10%) 1 time, prevention bacterial disease occurs.June-JIUYUE,
Monthly use organic acid antidote (detoxify green Verbatim) 2 times, each every mu of consumption 200-300mL.JIUYUE the middle ten days and the last ten days, entirely
Splashing a solution of zinc sulfate in pond, water body concentration reaches 0.4g/m3。
10, fish for
On May 18th, 2015 starts to fish for, and fishes for weekly 3 times, utilizes the lobster basket Catchable size that mesh is about 2.5cm to reach
The big standard commodities shrimp of more than 40g, to end of day in June 8, fishes for big standard commodities shrimp 104 kilograms for average every mu altogether.Second
Secondary, from the beginning of 21 days Augusts in 2015, when fishing for, carry out pond punching and change water, utilize the lobster basket that mesh is about 2cm to fish for
Specification reaches the big standard commodities shrimp of more than 30g, October 22, dry pool harvesting entire service shrimp, fishes for commodity altogether for average every mu
Shrimp 128 kilograms.Average every mu of two seasons can fish for 232 kilograms of commercial sized prawns altogether, and more than 40g is big, and standard commodities shrimp ratio reaches 62%.
Claims (10)
1. the cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield, it is characterised in that: carry out as follows:
Step 1: in the 11-12 month of the previous year of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, pond is carried out the solarization pool no less than 10 days；Described pond comprises central authorities and encloses beach；It is formed around circular groove what central authorities enclosed beach；After shining the pool, the central authorities in pond enclose the organic manure uniformly discharged on beach through fully fermentation；After discharging organic manure, clean up the pond with quick lime, bleaching powder or tea seed cake；
Step 2: to January in next year behind 7-10 days cleaned up the pond, the cold-resistant pasture and water of plantation；
Step 3: the middle ten days and the last ten days in March then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, to early and middle ten days in April, carries out throwing in shrimp Seedling for the first time；Cultivate the March then of Procambrus clarkii, April, throw in crab full-valence pellet feed；In the May then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, throw in the fish ratio mixed fodder not less than 60%；In the first tenday period of a month in June then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, stop throwing something and feeding mixed fodder 7-10 days, meanwhile, ins conjunction with manually cut off cold-resistant pasture and water, and plantation water peanut in pond；
Step 4: cultivation Procambrus clarkii the middle ten days in May then to the first tenday period of a month in June, carry out the first next round and catch commercial sized prawn；In the middle ten days in June then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, carry out second time and throw in shrimp Seedling；In mid-June, late June, the fish ratio of again the throwing something and feeding mixed fodder not less than 60%；In the May then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, central authorities are enclosed beach water level and is maintained at 40-50cm；In the June then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, central authorities are enclosed beach water level promoting to 50-60cm；
Step 5: cultivating the July then of Procambrus clarkii, August, fish ratio of throwing something and feeding is not higher than the mixed fodder of 30%；In the last ten-days period in August then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, carry out the second next round and catch commercial sized prawn；Cultivation Procambrus clarkii then 7, August, central authorities are enclosed beach water level promoting to 60-70cm；
Step 6: cultivating the JIUYUE then of Procambrus clarkii, October, the fish ratio of again the throwing something and feeding mixed fodder not less than 60%；Cultivating the JIUYUE then of Procambrus clarkii, the first tenday period of a month in October, central authorities are being enclosed beach water level and is down to 50-60cm；Meanwhile, by the method in step 5, proceed the second next round and catch commercial sized prawn；Pool harvesting entire service shrimp is done in the mid-October then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii；Two seasons can gather in the crops 200-250 kilogram of commercial sized prawn, and more than 40g is big, and standard commodities shrimp ratio reaches 60-70%.
A kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 1, pond area is between 10-50 mu；Circular groove is excavated along pond surrounding；Circular groove area accounts for pond gross area 20-30%.
A kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 1, the concrete grammar discharging organic manure is: the water in draining pond freezes solarization 10-20 days, after at the bottom of the pool in polygon, discharge the organic manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, every mu 150-300 kilogram, enclose beach in central authorities and uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields, fertilizer is screwed in 10-15cm in soil by recycling rotary cultivator, as base manure；
In step 1, carry out cleaning up the pond method particularly includes:
To kill the predator fish in pond and pathogenic microorganism, then utilizing quick lime or bleaching powder to carry out dry method and clean up the pond, water filling is flooded central authorities and is enclosed beach 10-15cm, and every mu uses quick lime 100-150 kilogram or bleaching powder 15-30 kilogram；Described predator fish includes snakeheaded fish, Misgurni anguillicaudati, Monopterus albus (Zuiew), Bellamya quadrata, wild fishes；
To retain the pasture and water in pond or parent shrimp, then water filling is flooded central authorities and is enclosed beach 10-15cm, adopts every mu and uses tea seed cake 15-20 kilogram, full pool spilling head, cleans up the pond.
A kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 2, described cold-resistant pasture and water are waterweed；Select continuous sunny, to pond water filling, until flooding central authorities to enclose 10-15 centimetre of beach；Circular groove and central authorities in pond enclose transplanting waterweed on beach；
On the ridge, slope of circular groove, circular groove, every 7-10m, transplants a waterweed；One waterweed comprises the waterweed trophosome of more than 5 strains；
Enclose on beach in central authorities, transplant waterweed according to seeding row spacing 3m × 3m, resist cold pasture and water every 10 caves, stay the neutral gear of 5-10 rice, do not plant waterweed, as Procambrus clarkii active tunnel.
A kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3, described crab full-valence pellet feed, for crude protein content more than 36%, the feedstuff of particle diameter 3mm；
Cultivate the April then of Procambrus clarkii, May, throw in the medicament of prevention balantidiasis；The medicament of described prevention balantidiasis is copper sulfate and mixture of ferrous sulfate or zinc sulfate；
In the March then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, maintain central authorities to enclose beach water level 30-40cm, promote pasture and water growth；In the April then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, central authorities are enclosed beach water level promoting to 40-50cm.
A kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 4, described summer pasture and water, for water peanut；The specification of shrimp Seedling that second time is thrown in be 100-200 tail/kilogram；The described fish ratio mixed fodder not less than 60% of throwing something and feeding, for fish 60%, Semen Glycines 20%, Semen Maydis 10%, the mixed fodder of Semen Tritici aestivi 10%；Selected fish is small fish.
A kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: in step 4, cultivation Procambrus clarkii then 4, May, throw in the medicament of prevention balantidiasis；In the June then-JIUYUE of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, throw in the medicament of prevention bacterial disease；Cultivation Procambrus clarkii June-9 parts then, throw in the end change, biological preparation, organic acid antidote；The described end changes, biological preparation, organic acid antidote be for 6, July resist cold pasture and water waterweed easily dead time produce toxin and the medicament of injurious factor that the bottom organic matter accumulation of cultivation middle and late stage pond produces.
A kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in steps of 5, described fish ratio of throwing something and feeding is not higher than the mixed fodder of 30%, for fish 30%, Semen Glycines 40%, Semen Maydis 20%, the mixed fodder of Semen Tritici aestivi 10%.
A kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 6, throw something and feed toward pond every day containing fish ratio not less than 60% mixed fodder amount be: every mu 2.5-5.0 kilogram；In the JIUYUE then of cultivation Procambrus clarkii, throw in the medicament of prevention balantidiasis.
10. for the pond of a kind of cultural method improving Procambrus clarkii commercial specification and yield described in claim 1 to 9, it is characterised in that: described pond area is between 10-50 mu；Circular groove is excavated along pond surrounding；On circular groove, bottom width a is 6-10 rice, and lower bottom width b is 1-5 rice, and ditch depth h is 0.8-1 rice, and ridge height h1 is 0.8-1 rice, and slope is 1:3 than h/a1；Circular groove area accounts for pond gross area 20-30%；Pond area inside circular groove is piled up central authorities and is enclosed beach；The water level in pond and central authorities enclose the distance between beach between 10 to 70cm.
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