CN1143450A

CN1143450A - Method for culturing Chinese prawn

Info

Publication number: CN1143450A
Application number: CN95110598A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郝海鹏; 滕玉珍; 王青山; 孙桂玲
Original assignee: 郝海鹏
Priority date: 1995-08-22
Filing date: 1995-08-22
Publication date: 1997-02-26

Abstract

A method for cultivating Chinese prawn features two outputs in one year and the length of output prawn is greater than 12 cm. The first cultivating period is from February to June and the second culture period is from June to December. A virus infection just between said two periods is thus turned off, during that time, the pond is disinfected and sunned, and biotic bait is cultured for increasing prawn output and decreasing cost.

Description

The Chinese prawn cultural method

The present invention is the mariculture method, particularly be the cultural method of Chinese prawn.

China's shrimp culture industry is very fast from growing seedlings, form technical developments such as bait processing in recent ten years, makes shrimp farming become pillar industry in many regional economic developments, and has driven the development of other industry.The culture-cycle of existing Chinese prawn is 1 year one-period, 4 grew seedlings to May, 5 to June, put in a suitable place to breed in the land for growing field crops, and 7-12 forms commercial sized prawn, but in recent years at high temperature season also popular a kind of pessimum viral disease between the prawn mature stage just, report for work according to data, be a kind of colonizing in the prawn histocyte nuclear, belong to the virus of DNA type, this viral rapid onset, popular wide, cycle is short but harmfulness is very big, can cause culturing the total crop failure large tracts of land death of Chinese prawn in a short time.Current, during these sick preventing and controlling have been adopted, western drug, antibiotics, treatment meanss such as chemical classes medicine and biotechnology system, radioactive ray method, effect is all undesirable.

The purpose of this invention is to provide that one-period that the existing Chinese prawn of a kind of handle formed in 1 year becomes with high temperature season virus disease period of disease is that harvest time is formed in a year twice of mid point, and make full use of the saprophyte chain in the bioprocess, the dependence of predator chain, form the eucyclic breeding process of natural bait, not only avoid the harm of virus disease, and increase output, reduce cost, without the Chinese prawn cultural method of medicine.

The objective of the invention is to realize with following method, a kind of Chinese prawn cultural method, one are cultured flow process in year: do with overwintering parent shrimp early spring to grow seedlings for the first time → booth supports temporarily → land for growing field crops divide seedling → land for growing field crops form → viral premorbid results first phase commercial sized prawn → clear pond of high temperature region of disease intercropping, shine the pond and cultivate foundation bait time → with fish for close shrimp do to grow seedlings → concentrate for the second time foster temporarily → land for growing field crops divides seedling → land for growing field crops to form → the after-crop commercial sized prawn.

Accompanying drawing is a Chinese prawn breeding process block diagram.

Description of drawings and embodiment:

Accompanying drawing is annual block diagram of culturing twice harvest prawn of Chinese prawn, the present invention is the flow process of forming a Chinese prawn in 1 year as seen from the figure, made the flow process of twice harvest of twice breed into, actual be with in the existing cycle annually to be mid point between the region of disease of virus, be divided into two cycles; Because north and south, China coastline is very long, water temperature changes different, if existing forming one year become 1 year twice and forms, and avoid the harm of high temperature season virus, will grow seedlings in advance according to the concrete condition of local water temperature, north and south virus disease time, zone be difference also, so the time in clear pond, solarization pond is also different, the results prawn time is also different.

Be that twice of example Chinese prawn formed method and be described as follows with Shandong:

1. with the cultured prawn cycle in 1 year being that mid point is divided into two and forms the cycle between viral region of disease, the viral period of disease of high temperature season as land for growing field crops Qing Chi, shine the pond and cultivate foundation bait period, for second round young shrimp put into the biological feed that form in the land for growing field crops provides abundant;

2. the period 1 is: 2 grew seedlings with overwintering parent shrimp under controlled conditions to March, and support temporarily at booth for 3 to April, and 4 divide seedling to May in the land for growing field crops, and 5 form the prawn that 7 to August, the results first phase formed before viral period of disease according to weather report to July in the land for growing field crops; Put into clear pond that the land for growing field crops performs the land for growing field crops before forming, shine the pond and cultivate foundation bait young shrimp;

3. culture second round and be: utilize 4 to May sea to catch prawns and make close shrimp nursery under controlled conditions and support temporarily to mid or late June, the hatching of laying eggs is then grown seedlings, concentrate to support temporarily cleaning good part big Tanaka and put into complete liquidation 8 to September good big Tanaka forms 7 to August, the commercial sized prawn of 9 to December harvest second round.

It is as follows that the Chinese prawn cultural method with Shandong is that example further specifies:

Adopting overwintering parent shrimp in 2-3 month in nursery, and between 12-16 ℃ of coolant-temperature gage of control, support to lay eggs temporarily and grow seedlings, between nursery stage in the water plankton make long to 0.7 to 1 centimeter length of the young shrimp of bait, in booth, support temporarily then, temperature is controlled at more than 15 ℃, grow to 5-6 centimetre through 40-50 days young shrimps, divide seedling to culture the big Tanaka who clears up and pelagic organisms are swum in a large amount of cultivation then, before this land for growing field crops is done to clean and cultivate the work of foundation bait, as take to improve temperature, plankton is bred fast, younger shrimp is put into the land for growing field crops and put in a suitable place to breed, because in culturing, utilized saprophyte chain, the dependence of predator chain, formed the benign cycle of natural bait, thus the prawn growth phase to rapider stalwartness, in high temperature season virus disease popular before, prawn has grown to more than 12 centimetres, through experiment, before the virus disease period of disease, can form more than 12 centimetres.

From accompanying drawing 1 as can be seen, the virus period of disease is clocklike, with 1 to 12 month propelling in a year, the variation that water temperature also reduces again from low to high, virus appears at high-temperature time, about 7-8 between month, one of characteristics of the present invention be between period of disease as the cleaning land for growing field crops time, clear pond, shine the pond and, promote planktonic raised growth breeding, for good environment and abundant bait are created in the larval stage growth of the prawn of second round at the big field medium plinth bait in clear pond; The foster shrimp of second round is 4-5 month to do close shrimp with extra large shrimping before clear pond, support temporarily in nursery earlier, and reduce the water temperature close shrimp of drawing up and ovulate to mid or late June, make then and fish for close shrimp and hatch young shrimp in 6 to July, the big Tanaka of the part of dividing Miao Yuyi to handle well then concentrates temporarily and supports, and then put into the land for growing field crops, because viral onset peak is mistake, the land for growing field crops is again through cleaning and Exposure to Sunlight and planktonic raised growth, so the young shrimp of the second phase can grow between larval stage after entering the land for growing field crops fast, by July to December long to more than 12 centimetres, abundant assurance is arranged.

By above-mentioned situation as can be known, seawater water temperature high-temperature time on the low side relatively is shorter to the north of the Shandong, and the seawater water temperature is higher on the south the Shandong, the high-temperature region is longer, corresponding morning of region of disease time, and the time is long, so the core of cultural method of the present invention is to be mid point between local viral region of disease, at premorbid, makes accurate forecast, catching up with gathers at premorbid becomes for the first time shrimp, between period of disease as clear pond, shine the pond, cultivate the period of foundation bait, with mistake, again second phase son shrimp is put into the land for growing field crops and form etc. period of disease, as long as guarantee that each issue foster shrimp total time is more than 120 days, can obtain qualified commercial sized prawn.

Two foster shrimps of the whole year in the cycle ocean temperature all should be controlled between 10 ℃ to 26 ℃.

Advantage of the present invention is a lot, at first be make into centered by between the virosis region of disease right Shrimp is two growth cycles, and science has avoided cleverly that prawn forms " dead district ", To make huge contribution to the development of China prawn; Changing in addition 1 year cycle is two The method in cycle will make the prawn annual production be multiplied, and adopt in prawn culturing simultaneously Natural bait is main in the water, manually synthesize auxiliary, and generally need not any medicine, The growing environment that has improved prawn reduced foster shrimp cost, will be subjected to vast shrimp farming Welcome.

Claims

1, a kind of Chinese prawn cultural method, it is characterized in that: supporting the shrimp flow process in 1 year is, do with overwintering parent shrimp early spring to grow seedlings for the first time → booth supports temporarily → land for growing field crops divide seedling → land for growing field crops form → viral premorbid results first phase commercial sized prawn → clear pond of high temperature region of disease intercropping, shine the pond and cultivate foundation bait time → with fish for close shrimp do to grow seedlings → concentrate for the second time foster temporarily → land for growing field crops divides seedling → land for growing field crops to form → the after-crop commercial sized prawn.

2, Chinese prawn cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

3. culture second round and be: utilize 4 to May the sea catch prawns do close shrimp earlier under controlled conditions nursery support temporarily to mid or late June, hatching is laid eggs and is grown seedlings then, and concentrate the big Tanaka of cleaning good part and support the good big Tanaka that puts into complete liquidation 8 to September temporarily and form 9 to the December harvest commercial sized prawn of second round 7 to August.

3, Chinese prawn cultural method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the water temperature of period 1 overwintering parent shrimp should be controlled at more than 12 ℃; Do close shrimp to fish for shrimp second round, and supporting temporarily in nursery earlier laid eggs to the mid or late June grows seedlings, and the water temperature during this should be controlled at below 13 ℃, and the seawater basal temperature of two foster shrimps in the cycle in the whole year all should be controlled between 10-26 ℃.

4, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described Chinese prawn cultural methods, it is characterized in that: will be when growing seedlings in the period 1, discharge water and adopt that nature heats, rich water land for growing field crops Xi Chi, make plankton breed the work of making to increase foundation bait in a large number, so the young shrimp in the period 1 grows up to by natural bait entirely.