CN113841643B - Rapid breeding method of paddy field shrimps - Google Patents
Rapid breeding method of paddy field shrimps Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
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- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly culturing shrimps in a rice field, which comprises the steps of pretreatment of the rice field, stocking management and seedling management, and specifically comprises the steps of after pond sunning and disinfection, paving enriched sludge in the rice field, injecting water, planting waterweed plants at intervals around the rice field, planting waterweed in a circular ditch, and placing air stones; dividing the rice field into an area A and an area B, arranging a seedling net in the center, and feeding reinforced feed to obtain reinforced shrimp seedlings; early stage of rice seedling transplantation: setting a fixed-point feeding place, feeding and cultivating the feed daily, transplanting the seedlings to a tillering prosperous stage: adjusting the water depth, pumping and changing water, feeding the breeding feed, and performing lamplight irradiation treatment at night; the supplementary feed is fed regularly at night. By adopting the rapid culture method of the paddy field shrimps, the weight gain rate of the obtained paddy field shrimps can reach 310%, the meat content is improved to 22.2%, the total protein content of the shrimp clear is not less than 53.2g/L, the survival rate is more than 97.5%, the parent shrimps can be fed for continuous culture when the first batch of paddy field shrimps are harvested, and the culture efficiency and the economic benefit of the paddy field are fully improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological planting and breeding combination, in particular to a rapid breeding method of paddy field shrimps.
Background
At present, the cultivation mode of 'planting and breeding combined' of paddy field shrimps becomes one of important production modes. However, in the breeding process, crayfishes are easy to be subjected to stress reaction caused by the change of the external environment, the feeding of the crayfishes is seriously influenced, the phenomena of abnormal activities, weakened physique and the like are caused, even death is caused, the times of shelling are reduced due to the influence of the stress reaction, and the problems of low survival rate of finished crayfishes, reduced meat quality, poor quality and the like are caused. Meanwhile, if the stress response of the crayfish is not controlled properly, the production quality of the rice is also affected.
Chinese patent CN113424786A discloses a paddy field layout, cultivation and reservation establishment, enemy removal, offspring seed release, bait feeding and paddy field management method for paddy field cultivation of Australian freshwater lobsters, wherein the cultivated lobsters are harvested within 10-11 months, the specification range is 150-400g, the average specification reaches 275g, and the acre yield can reach 132-176kg according to the total area of the paddy field; the invention discloses a rice field breeding method for freshwater crayfishes, and provides a traditional Chinese medicine feed which is fish meal, sweet wormwood herb powder, soybean meal, humifuse euphorbia herb powder, flour, rhubarb powder, seaweed powder, scutellaria baicalensis powder, coptis chinensis powder and golden cypress powder. However, the existing cultivated paddy field shrimps are long in time, and the quality problem of the harvested paddy field shrimps is not involved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method for rapidly culturing rice field shrimps to solve the above problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a rapid culture method of paddy field shrimps comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment in a rice field: sunning the pond for 2-3 days, disinfecting, paving the enriched sludge with the thickness of 15-20 cm in the rice field, injecting water to the water depth of 60-80cm, planting the rice field at intervals of 2-4 m by adopting water plants, wherein the water plants comprise golden fish algae and small arrowheads, planting elodea nuttallii in the circular ditch, the plant spacing is 3-4 m, and placing a circle of air bubble stones with the radius of 0.5-0.8 m around the elodea nuttallii;
wherein the enriched sludge is prepared by adding air-dried feces, selenium dioxide and humus into sludge, stirring, and adding into the mixture with density of 1.5-2 ten thousand pieces/m 2 Adding 2-4 cm of earthworm feed, regulating water content to 5-7%, culturing for 8-10 days, and separating out earthworm and sludge to obtain enriched sludge.
(2) Stocking management: dividing a rice field into an area A and an area B, arranging 2-3 seedling nets in the center, putting 2.5-3.5 cm shrimp seedlings with the density of 6000-7000 tails/mu in the area A, feeding the enhanced feed in the area B for 2-3 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-3% of the weight of the shrimp seedlings, after 2-3 days of continuous feeding, feeding the enhanced feed in the area A for 2-3 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-3% of the weight of the shrimp seedlings, and after 2-3 days of continuous feeding, removing the seedling nets to obtain the enhanced shrimp seedlings;
the reinforced feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of garlic, 18-22 parts of corn protein powder, 12-18 parts of bee pupa powder, 0.0005-0.0008 part of benzophenone and 0.06-0.10 part of choline.
(3) Seedling management: early stage of rice seedling transplantation: setting 4-5 fixed-point feeding places, feeding the cultivation feed for 1-2 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 4-6% of the total weight of the shrimp larvae, and the cultivation feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of corn protein powder, 10-16 parts of soybean lecithin, 8-12 parts of mint grass powder, 10-15 parts of black nightshade grass powder and 15-22 parts of turtle shell powder;
transplanting the seedlings to a tillering stage: in the first stage, culturing for 15-20 d, adjusting water depth to 50-60 cm, performing water pumping and changing for 3-4 h every 2-5 d, feeding the culture feed 1-2 times per day at a feeding amount of 1-2% of shrimp fry weight, performing lamplight irradiation treatment for 4-6 h at night with illumination intensity of 1200-1500 Lx; feeding supplementary feed every 1-2 days from 8 o 'clock at night to 12 o' clock in the morning, wherein the feeding amount is 1-2% of the weight of the shrimp larvae;
the supplementary feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of paramecium culture, 8-12 parts of soybean lecithin, 3-8 parts of beta-sitosterol, 1-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 0.03-0.05 part of choline;
culturing for 10-15 days in the second stage, adjusting water depth to 70-80 cm, feeding the supplementary feed randomly for 1-2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-4% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and harvesting the finished shrimp after the second stage culture is finished.
Further explaining, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the sludge to the air-dried manure to the selenium dioxide to the humus soil is 1:0.1-0.2:0.07-0.08:0.4.
preferably, in the step (2), the fortified feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of garlic, 20 parts of corn protein powder, 14 parts of bee pupa powder, 0.0006 part of benzophenone and 0.08 part of choline.
Preferably, in the step (3), the breeding feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of corn protein powder, 12 parts of soybean lecithin, 10 parts of mint grass powder, 14 parts of black nightshade grass powder and 18 parts of turtle shell powder.
Preferably, in the step (3), the supplementary feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of paramecium culture, 10 parts of soybean lecithin, 5 parts of beta-sitosterol, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 0.04 part of choline.
Further, in the step (3), the paramecium culture is obtained by transferring paramecium into wheat grain culture solution, adding spirulina liquid every day, culturing at 14-22 deg.C for 10-12 d, collecting paramecium, adding EM microbial inoculum, and freeze drying.
Further, the paramecium culture is prepared by mixing (20-30) paramecium culture bodies in proportion: (500-600) mL, transferring paramecium into wheat grain culture solution, adding 0.05-0.08 v/v% spirulina solution every day, culturing at 14-22 deg.C for 10-12 d, collecting paramecium, adding 20-30 wt% EM bacterial agent based on the weight of the paramecium, and freeze-drying to obtain paramecium culture.
Further, in the step (2), the young shrimps are put at the end of 4 months or at the beginning of 5 months.
Further explaining, in the step (3), the rice seedlings are high-stalk, lodging-resistant and disease-resistant rice seedling varieties; transplanting rice seedlings in the middle and last ten days of 6 months or at the bottom of 7 months.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, by adopting the pretreatment of the paddy field, the management of putting shrimp larvae and the management of raising seedlings by stages and combining with scientific feed, the obtained paddy field shrimps have the advantages of high weight gain rate, high meat content, excellent total protein content and high survival rate, the weight gain rate can reach 310%, the meat content is increased to 22.2%, the total protein content of the shrimp meat is more than or equal to 53.2g/L, and the survival rate is more than 97.5%; by adopting the rapid culture method of the rice field shrimps, the parent shrimps can be fed for continuous culture when the first batch of rice field shrimps are harvested, so that the culture efficiency and the economic benefit of the rice field are fully improved.
(2) During pretreatment in a rice field, the invention adopts water plants to combine with enriched silt, which is beneficial to adjusting water quality, controlling and cultivating floating zoon biomass, and establishing a stable internal small ecological system of microorganism-phytoplankton-water plants; the fry net is used for matching and strengthening the feed, so that a good substance growth foundation can be laid for the shrimp fries, and the added multiple fixed-point feeding places can enable the shrimp fries to form a fixed field and a moving range consciousness, so that the impact influence caused by the environment is relieved, and the stress response is reduced; the water depth is regulated in stages and the feed is supplemented in a matching way, so that small torrent formed by water flow promotes the food intake and the environmental adaptability of the shrimps in the rice field on the basis of stabilizing the water body environment, the stress response is further reduced, and the water quality deterioration can be avoided; meanwhile, the nervous system of the paddy field shrimps can be activated to a greater extent by feeding the supplementary feed at night.
(3) In addition, the scientific proportioning feed adopted in each stage of the invention has the synergistic effect of all the components, lays a good foundation for culturing the paddy field shrimps in each stage, shortens the culture time of the paddy field shrimps and can improve the harvest quality of the paddy field shrimps.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
The rice seedlings of the invention are of Bo II you 3050 variety, the shrimp seedlings of the invention are of Procambrus clarkii, the test site is selected from aquatic shrimp seedling culture bases of Henshencun before spreading in Wenchang, the test rice field is provided with 8 blocks, each test field is about 1 mu, cross-shaped field ditches are adopted, the width of each ditch is 4 m, the depth of each ditch is 1 m, 200 finished shrimps are randomly selected from each test field after the experiment is finished to carry out index measurement, and the average value is calculated.
Example 1
A rapid culture method of paddy field shrimps comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment in a rice field: drying the pond 3 d, after disinfection, paving the enriched sludge with the thickness of 15 cm in the rice field, injecting water to the depth of 60 cm, planting different water plants at intervals of 2 m around the rice field, planting goldfish algae and small arrowheads in different water plants, planting elodea nuttallii in the circular ditch with the plant spacing of 3 m, and placing a circle of air bubble stones with the radius of 0.5 m around the elodea nuttallii;
wherein the enriched sludge is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass according to the mass ratio of sludge, air-dried manure, selenium dioxide and humus of 1:0.1:0.07:0.4, adding air-dried manure, selenium dioxide and humus soil into the sludge, uniformly stirring and adding the mixture with the density of 1.5-2 ten thousand pieces/m 2 Adding 2 cm of earthworm feed, adjusting the water content to 5%, culturing for 8 d, and separating out earthworms and sludge to obtain enriched sludge.
(2) Stocking management: dividing the rice field into an area A and an area B at 25 days 4 months in 2020, arranging 2 seedling nets in the center, putting 2.5 cm shrimp seedlings with the density of 6000 tails/mu in the area A, feeding the enhanced feed in the area B for 2 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2 percent of the weight of the shrimp seedlings, feeding the enhanced feed in the area A for 2 times a day after continuously feeding for 2 days, and removing the seedling nets after continuously feeding for 2 days to obtain the enhanced shrimp seedlings;
the reinforced feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 kg of garlic, 18 kg of corn protein powder, 12 kg of bee pupa powder, 0.0005 kg of benzophenone and 0.06 kg of choline.
(3) Seedling management: rice seedling transplanting earlier stage: 4 fixed-point feeding places are arranged, the feed is fed and cultivated for 1 time every day, and the feeding amount is 4 percent of the total weight of the shrimp larvae;
the cultivation feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 kg of corn protein powder, 10 kg of soybean lecithin, 8 kg of mint grass powder, 10 kg of black nightshade grass powder and 15 kg of turtle shell powder;
transplanting the seedlings in 20 days 6 months in 2020, transplanting the seedlings to a tillering stage: in the first stage of cultivation for 15 d, adjusting the water depth to 50 cm, performing water pumping and changing for 3 h every 2 d, randomly feeding the cultivation feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feeding amount is 1% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and performing light irradiation treatment for 4 h at night with the illumination intensity of 1200 Lx; feeding supplementary feed every 1 d from 8 o 'clock at night to 12 o' clock in the morning, wherein the feeding amount is 1% of the weight of the shrimp larvae;
the supplementary feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 kg of paramecium culture, 8 kg of soybean lecithin, 3 kg of beta-sitosterol, 1 kg of monocalcium phosphate and 0.03 kg of choline; the paramecium culture is prepared from 20 of the following components in proportion: 500 And mL, transferring the paramecium into a wheat grain culture solution, adding 0.05 v/v% of spirulina liquid every day, culturing for 10 days at 14 ℃, collecting the paramecium, adding 20 wt% of EM microbial inoculum based on the weight of the collected paramecium, and freeze-drying to obtain the paramecium culture.
And (5) culturing for 10 d in the second stage, adjusting the water depth to 70 cm, feeding the supplementary feed for 1 time at random every day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the shrimp fries, and harvesting finished shrimps after the culturing in the second stage is finished.
Example 2
A rapid culture method of paddy field shrimps comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment in a rice field: 3 d, drying the pond for 3 d, after disinfection, paving the enriched sludge with the thickness of 20 cm in the rice field, injecting water to the water depth of 80cm, planting the rice field at intervals of 4 m by adopting different water plants, planting the waterweeds in the ring ditch, planting the elodea nutans in the row spacing of 4 m, and placing a circle of air bubble stones around the elodea nutans with the radius of 0.8 m;
wherein, the enriched sludge is prepared by mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.08:0.4, adding air-dried manure, selenium dioxide and humus into the sludge, uniformly stirring and adding the mixture with the density of 2 ten thousand pieces/m 2 Adding 4 cm of earthworm feed, adjusting the water content to 7%, culturing for 10 days, and separating out earthworms and sludge to obtain enriched sludge.
(2) Stocking management: dividing the rice field into an area A and an area B at 30 days in 4 months in 2020, arranging 3 seedling nets in the center, throwing 3.5 cm shrimp seedlings with the density of 7000 tails per mu in the area A, throwing the enhanced feed in the area B for 3 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the shrimp seedlings, after continuously throwing the enhanced feed in the area A for 3 days, throwing the enhanced feed in the area A for 3 times a day, the feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the shrimp seedlings, and after continuously throwing the enhanced feed for 3 days, removing the seedling nets to obtain the enhanced shrimp seedlings;
the reinforced feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 kg of garlic, 22 kg of corn protein powder, 18 kg of bee pupa powder, 0.0008 kg of benzophenone and 0.10 kg of choline.
(3) Seedling management: early stage of rice seedling transplantation: 5 fixed-point feeding places are arranged, the feed is fed and cultivated for 2 times a day, and the feeding amount is 6 percent of the total weight of the shrimp larvae;
the cultivation feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 kg of corn protein powder, 16 kg of soybean lecithin, 12 kg of mint grass powder, 15 kg of black nightshade grass powder and 22 kg of turtle shell powder;
transplanting seedlings in 20 days 6 months in 2020, transplanting the seedlings to a tillering stage: in the first stage, 20 days of cultivation are carried out, the water depth is adjusted to be 60 cm, water is pumped and changed for 4 hours every 5 days, the cultivation feed is fed randomly for 2 times every day, the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, light irradiation treatment is carried out for 6 hours at night, and the illumination intensity is 1500 Lx; feeding supplementary feed every 2 days from 8 o 'clock at night to 12 o' clock in the morning, wherein the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the shrimp larvae;
the supplementary feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 kg of paramecium culture, 12 kg of soybean lecithin, 8 kg of beta-sitosterol, 5 kg of monocalcium phosphate and 0.05 kg of choline; the paramecium culture is prepared from 30 of the following components in proportion: 600 And mL, transferring the paramecium into a wheat grain culture solution, adding 0.08 v/v% of spirulina solution every day, culturing for 12 days at 22 ℃, collecting the paramecium, adding 30 wt% of EM microbial inoculum based on the weight of the collected paramecium, and freezing and drying to obtain the paramecium culture.
And (5) culturing for 15 d in the second stage, adjusting the water depth to 80cm, randomly feeding the supplementary feed for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 4% of the weight of the shrimp fries, and harvesting finished shrimps after the second stage culture is finished.
Example 3
A rapid culture method of paddy field shrimps comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment in a rice field: 3 d, drying the pond in the sun, after disinfection, paving the enriched sludge with the thickness of 18 cm in the rice field, injecting water to the water depth of 70 cm, planting the rice field at intervals of 3 m by adopting different water plants, planting the waterweeds in the ring ditch with the row spacing of 4 m, and placing a circle of air bubble stones with the radius of 0.6 m around the waterweeds;
wherein, the enriched sludge is prepared by mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 1:0.1:0.07:0.4, adding air-dried manure, selenium dioxide and humus into the sludge, uniformly stirring and adding the mixture with the density of 2 ten thousand pieces/m 2 Adding earthworm feed with the height of 3 cm, adjusting the water content to 6%, culturing for 9 d, and separating out earthworm and sludge to obtain enriched sludge.
(2) Stocking management: dividing the rice field into an area A and an area B at 2 days in 5 months in 2020, arranging 3 seedling nets in the center, putting 3.0 cm shrimp seedlings with the density of 6000 tails/mu in the area A, feeding the enhanced feed in the area B for 2 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 3 percent of the weight of the shrimp seedlings, feeding the enhanced feed in the area A for 3 times a day after continuous feeding for 3 days, and removing the seedling nets after continuous feeding for 3 days to obtain the enhanced shrimp seedlings;
the reinforced feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 kg of garlic, 20 kg of corn protein powder, 14 kg of bee pupa powder, 0.0006 kg of benzophenone and 0.08 kg of choline.
(3) Seedling management: early stage of rice seedling transplantation: 5 fixed feeding places are arranged, the feed is fed and cultivated for 2 times a day, and the feeding amount is 5 percent of the total weight of the shrimp larvae;
the cultivation feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 kg of corn protein powder, 12 kg of soybean lecithin, 10 kg of mint grass powder, 14 kg of black nightshade grass powder and 18 kg of turtle shell powder;
transplanting the seedlings in 6 months and 15 days in 2020, transplanting the seedlings to a tillering stage: in the first stage, 18 d of cultivation is carried out, the water depth is adjusted to be 60 cm, water is pumped and changed for 4 hours every 4 d, the cultivation feed is fed randomly for 1 time every day, the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, lamplight irradiation treatment is carried out for 5 hours at night, and the illumination intensity is 1400 Lx; feeding supplementary feed every 2 days from 8 o 'clock at night to 12 o' clock in the morning, wherein the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the shrimp larvae;
the supplementary feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 kg of paramecium culture, 10 kg of soybean lecithin, 5 kg of beta-sitosterol, 2 kg of monocalcium phosphate and 0.04 kg of choline; the paramecium culture is prepared from 25 of the following components in proportion: 600 And mL, transferring the paramecium into a wheat grain culture solution, adding 0.06 v/v% of spirulina solution every day, culturing for 12 days at 20 ℃, collecting the paramecium, adding 250 wt% of EM microbial inoculum based on the weight of the collected paramecium, and freezing and drying to obtain the paramecium culture.
And (3) culturing for 12 d in the second stage, adjusting the water depth to 80cm, randomly feeding the supplementary feed for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the shrimp fries, and harvesting finished shrimps after the second stage culture is finished.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 3, the shrimp larvae are put in the period of 5/2/2020, and the difference of the embodiment 3 lies in that in the step (1), the preparation method of the enriched sludge is different, namely, the enriched sludge is prepared by mixing the sludge, the air-dried manure and the selenium dioxide according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.12, adding air-dried manure and selenium dioxide into the sludge, stirring and mixing uniformly, and adding the mixture with the density of 2 ten thousand pieces/m 2 Adding earthworm feed with the height of 3 cm, adjusting the water content to 6%, culturing for 9 d, and separating out earthworm and sludge to obtain enriched sludge.
Comparative example 2
In the comparative example, young shrimps are thrown in the rice field at 4 months and 25 days in 2020, which is different from example 1 in that the area A and the area B are not arranged in the rice field in the step (2), namely, young shrimps with the density of 2.5 cm and 6000 tails/mu are thrown in the rice field at 25 days in 4 months, the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the young shrimps and the feeding is continuously carried out for 4 days.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the embodiment 2, the shrimp larvae are put in 4-30 months in 2020, the difference of the comparative example is that the feed cultivated in the step (3) does not contain mint grass powder and solanum nigrum powder, and the specific weight raw materials of the feed are as follows: 18 kg of corn protein powder, 16 kg of soybean lecithin and 22 kg of turtle shell powder.
Comparative example 4
Compared with the embodiment 2, the shrimp larvae are put in 4-30 th of 2020, the difference of the comparative example is that paramecium powder is adopted to replace paramecium culture in the supplementary feed in the step (3), and the specific steps are as follows: drying and crushing paramecium, thereby obtaining paramecium powder, wherein the supplementary feed comprises the following raw materials by weight: 25 kg of paramecium powder, 12 kg of soybean lecithin, 8 kg of beta-sitosterol, 5 kg of monocalcium phosphate and 0.05 k of choline.
Comparative example 5
The difference between this comparative example, in which shrimp larvae are released at 5/2/2020 and example 3, and the method for managing the larvae culture in step (3) is that:
early stage of rice seedling transplantation: feeding the culture feed 2 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 5 percent of the total weight of the shrimp larvae;
the cultivation feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 kg of corn protein powder, 12 kg of soybean lecithin, 10 kg of mint grass powder, 14 kg of black nightshade grass powder and 18 kg of turtle shell powder;
transplanting the seedlings in 6 months and 15 days in 2020, transplanting the seedlings to a tillering stage: in the first stage of cultivation for 18 d, adjusting the water depth to be 60 cm, performing water pumping and changing for 4 h every 4 d, randomly feeding the cultivation feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and performing light irradiation treatment for 5 h at night with the illumination intensity of 1400 Lx;
culturing for 12 d in the second stage, adjusting the water depth to 80cm, feeding the supplementary feed randomly for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and harvesting finished shrimps after the second-stage culturing is finished;
the supplementary feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 kg of paramecium culture, 10 kg of soybean lecithin, 5 kg of beta-sitosterol, 2 kg of monocalcium phosphate and 0.04 kg of choline; the paramecium culture is prepared from 25 of the following components in proportion: 600 And mL, transferring the paramecium into a wheat grain culture solution, adding 0.06 v/v% of spirulina liquid every day, culturing for 12 days at 20 ℃, collecting the paramecium, adding 250 wt% of EM microbial inoculum based on the weight of the collected paramecium, and freeze-drying to obtain the paramecium culture.
Test examples
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
the weight gain (%) is calculated according to the formula =: (W 1 -W 0 )/W 0 X 100, wherein,W 1 the weight (g) of the procambarus clarkii is obtained when the rice shrimps are harvested,W 0 calculating the weight (g) of the shrimp larvae of the procambarus clarkii during puttingThe weight gain rate of the procambarus clarkii;
meat content (%) =according to formulaM 0 /MX 100, wherein,M 0 the weight (g) of the abdominal muscle of the procambarus clarkii at the time of harvest of the rice shrimps, wherein the abdominal muscle is taken out by removing the shell, the internal organs and the like of the shrimps,Mwiping redundant water for the weight (g) of procambarus clarkii when the rice shrimps are harvested by using gauze;
the determination of total protein in serum is carried out by AU5800 full-automatic biochemical analyzer.
The harvest was as follows in table 1:
| item | Weight gain (%) | Meat content (%) | Total protein (g/L) | Survival rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 297 | 21.1 | 53.8 | 97.5 |
| Example 2 | 303 | 21.9 | 53.2 | 97.8 |
| Example 3 | 310 | 22.2 | 54.0 | 98.0 |
| Comparative example 1 | 246 | 18.8 | 51.6 | 93.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 271 | 20.5 | 52.7 | 94.8 |
| Comparative example 3 | 264 | 19.9 | 52.2 | 86.0 |
| Comparative example 4 | 258 | 19.2 | 50.8 | 92.3 |
| Comparative example 5 | 233 | 18.5 | 51.0 | 85.7 |
As can be seen from the above table, the rice field shrimps obtained by the rice field shrimp breeding method of the embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention have a fast rate of weight gain, a high meat content, an excellent total protein content and a high survival rate, and the rice field shrimps obtained by the method of the present invention have a weight gain of 310%, a meat content of 22.2%, a total protein content of shrimp clear of 53.2g/L or more and a survival rate of 97.5% or more by pre-treatment in the rice field, shrimp fry feeding management and seedling management in stages and combining with scientific feed.
Comparative example 1 shows that the enriched sludge rich in selenium and various cultures can be obtained by using the air-dried manure, the selenium dioxide and the humus soil in a certain proportion for cultivating the earthworms, so that the stability of the aquatic weeds is improved, and the water quality is favorably stabilized; the comparative example 2 shows that the shrimp larvae can be helped to lay a good material growth foundation by utilizing the larvae net and combining with the reinforced feed; comparative examples 3 and 4 show that 12-18 parts of corn protein powder, 10-16 parts of soybean lecithin, 8-12 parts of mint grass powder, 10-15 parts of black nightshade grass powder, 15-22 parts of turtle shell powder, 20-25 parts of paramecium culture, 8-12 parts of soybean lecithin, 3-8 parts of beta-sitosterol, 1-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 0.03-0.05 part of choline are adopted, so that the food intake and the environmental adaptability of paddy field shrimps can be fully promoted, and the stress reaction is reduced to a greater extent; comparative example 5 shows that the shrimp larvae form fixed field and moving range consciousness by additionally arranging a plurality of fixed feeding places, impact influence brought by the environment is relieved, and stress response is reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A rapid culture method of paddy field shrimps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment in a rice field: drying the pond for 2-3 days, sterilizing, spreading 15-20 cm thick enriched sludge in the rice field, injecting water to water depth of 60-80cm, planting around the rice field with 2-4 m spacing of water plants including Goldfish algae and small arrowhead algae, and ditchPlanting elodea nuttallii in the pot with a planting distance of 3-4 m, and placing a circle of air stones with a radius of 0.5-0.8 m around the elodea nuttallii; the enriched sludge is prepared by adding air-dried manure, selenium dioxide and humus soil into sludge, stirring and mixing uniformly, and adding the mixture with the density of 1.5-2 ten thousand pieces/m 2 Putting 2-4 cm high earthworm feed, adjusting the water content to 5-7%, culturing for 8-10 days, and separating out earthworms and sludge to obtain enriched sludge;
(2) Stocking management: dividing a rice field into an area A and an area B, arranging 2-3 seedling nets in the center, putting 2.5-3.5 cm shrimp seedlings with the density of 6000-7000 tails/mu in the area A, feeding the enhanced feed in the area B for 2-3 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-3% of the weight of the shrimp seedlings, after 2-3 days of continuous feeding, feeding the enhanced feed in the area A for 2-3 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-3% of the weight of the shrimp seedlings, and after 2-3 days of continuous feeding, removing the seedling nets to obtain the enhanced shrimp seedlings; the reinforced feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of garlic, 18-22 parts of corn protein powder, 12-18 parts of bee pupa powder, 0.0005-0.0008 part of benzophenone and 0.06-0.10 part of choline;
(3) Seedling management: early stage of rice seedling transplantation: 4-5 fixed-point feeding places are arranged, the feed is fed for 1-2 times a day, the feeding amount is 4-6% of the total weight of the shrimp larvae, and the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of corn protein powder, 10-16 parts of soybean lecithin, 8-12 parts of mint grass powder, 10-15 parts of black nightshade grass powder and 15-22 parts of turtle shell powder;
transplanting the seedlings to a tillering stage: in the first stage, culturing for 15-20 days, adjusting water depth to 50-60 cm, performing water pumping and changing for 3-4 h every 2-5 d, feeding the culture feed for 1-2 times every day at a feeding amount of 1-2% of shrimp larvae weight, performing light irradiation treatment for 4-6 h at night with illumination intensity of 1200-1500 Lx; feeding supplementary feed every 1-2 days from 8 o 'clock at night to 12 o' clock in the morning, wherein the feeding amount is 1-2% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and the supplementary feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of paramecium culture, 8-12 parts of soybean lecithin, 3-8 parts of beta-sitosterol, 1-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 0.03-0.05 part of choline;
culturing for 10-15 days in the second stage, adjusting water depth to 70-80 cm, feeding the supplementary feed randomly for 1-2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-4% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and harvesting the finished shrimp after the second stage culture is finished.
2. The method for quickly culturing the paddy field shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the sludge to the air-dried manure, the selenium dioxide to the humus is 1:0.1-0.2:0.07-0.08:0.4.
3. the method for rapidly breeding the shrimps in the paddy field according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the fortified feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of garlic, 20 parts of corn protein powder, 14 parts of bee pupa powder, 0.0006 part of benzophenone and 0.08 part of choline.
4. The method for rapidly breeding the shrimps in the paddy field according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the breeding feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of corn protein powder, 12 parts of soybean lecithin, 10 parts of mint grass powder, 14 parts of black nightshade grass powder and 18 parts of turtle shell powder.
5. The method for quickly culturing the paddy field shrimps as claimed in the claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the supplementary feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of paramecium culture, 10 parts of soybean lecithin, 5 parts of beta-sitosterol, 2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.04 part of choline.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the paramecium culture is obtained by transferring paramecium into wheat kernel culture solution, adding spirulina liquid every day, culturing at 14-22 deg.C for 10-12 days, collecting paramecium, adding EM bacterial agent, and freeze drying.
7. The method for rapidly culturing shrimps in paddy field as claimed in claim 6, wherein said paramecium culture is prepared from (20-30) in percentage by weight: (500-600) mL, transferring the paramecium into a wheat grain culture solution, adding 0.05-0.08 v/v% of spirulina liquid every day, culturing at 14-22 ℃ for 10-12 days, collecting the paramecium, adding 20-30 wt% of EM microbial inoculum based on the weight of the collected paramecium, and freeze-drying to obtain the paramecium culture.
8. The method for rapidly culturing the shrimps in the rice field according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the shrimp seeds are thrown at the bottom of 4 months or at the beginning of 5 months.
9. The method for quickly culturing the shrimps in the rice field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the rice seedlings are high-stem, lodging-resistant and disease-resistant rice seedling varieties; and transplanting the rice seedlings in the middle and last ten days of 6 months or at the bottom of 7 months.
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