CN114431178B - Method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high-temperature area - Google Patents
Method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high-temperature area Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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- FRHBOQMZUOWXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium ferric citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FRHBOQMZUOWXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a method for co-breeding rice and shrimps in a tropical high-temperature area, which comprises the following steps: s1: the periphery of the rice field is provided with a first return type ditch, the center of the rice field is provided with a second return type ditch, ditches are respectively arranged between the second return type ditch and the first return type ditch, and the ditches are provided with isolation plates; a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged around the rice field; s2: placing algae-containing air bubble stone prepared by co-culturing scenedesmus culture at the bottom of the circular groove; s3: after rice is planted in the rice field for 30-35d, the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are put in until the macrobrachium rosenbergii harvest period, and macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught; s4: and (3) water changing and cooling treatment: changing water every 4-5d, wherein the water exchange amount is 12-16% of the paddy field water; and (3) water injection cooling treatment: when the water temperature is higher than 34 ℃ for 3-4 days continuously, the nutrient algae water is injected into the rice field. By adopting the method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high-temperature areas, the water quality of rice field water can be effectively improved and stabilized, pollution to water quality is avoided, the specification and stress resistance of shrimp seedlings can be improved, and high-quality finished shrimps cultivated in the rice field can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice field shrimp culture, in particular to a method for co-culturing rice and shrimps in tropical high-temperature areas.
Background
The rice field shrimp culture is a three-dimensional and efficient ecological planting and culturing mode which can realize double harvest of rice and shrimps by utilizing the symbiotic and reciprocal relationship of the shrimps and the rice field. The growth and development of the shrimp larvae are easily influenced by the water temperature, the water environment factor, the nutrition and other factors, and the growth rate of the shrimp larvae is improved within the allowable temperature range. Certain high temperature can play a role in promoting growth, but the too fast growth rate is easy to lead the basal matrix of the shrimp larvae to be poor, so that the stress resistance of the shrimp larvae is low, particularly in tropical high-temperature areas, when the circulation metabolism is accelerated, bacteria, viruses, algae and the like in water are also easy to propagate in a large quantity, the ecological balance of the water body is destroyed, the water quality index is seriously changed, toxic substances such as ammonia nitrogen and the like are increased, the water quality pollution phenomenon is caused, the diversity of the matters is reduced, and the heat stress reaction is caused to the shrimp larvae, so that the shrimp larvae grow sub-healthily.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high temperature areas, which solves the above problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high temperature areas, comprising the following steps:
s1, rice field transformation: the periphery of the rice field is provided with a first return type ditch, the center of the rice field is provided with 3-4 second return type ditches, ditches are respectively arranged between the second return type ditches and the first return type ditches, each ditch is provided with a separation plate, each separation plate is a separation plate with a grid structure, and channels which are communicated are respectively arranged between the second return type ditches; a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged around the rice field;
s2, setting a return groove: bubble stones are placed at the bottoms of the first and second circular grooves; the described vesicular stone is the algae-containing vesicular stone obtained by co-culturing scenedesmus culture;
s3, culturing shrimp larvae: after rice is planted in the rice field for 30-35d, macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are put in, and the partition plate is opened; fishing macrobrachium rosenbergii in the harvesting period;
s4, daily management: and (3) water changing and cooling treatment: changing water for 12-16% of rice field water every 4-5d, driving the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings to a first return channel before changing water, closing the isolation plate, cleaning a second return channel, and opening the isolation plate;
and (3) water injection cooling treatment: when the water temperature is higher than 34 ℃ for 3-4 days continuously, nutrient algae water is injected into the rice field, and the water injection flow rate is set to be 0.6-2.2m 3 /h; the nutritional algae water is obtained by adding vitamin C, glucose and scenedesmus into water and mixing.
Further, the preparation method of the algae-containing bubble stone comprises the following steps:
(a1) Adding ammonium nitrate, magnesium chloride and water into the bubble stone, stirring, and performing hydrothermal treatment at 350-400 ℃ for 1-2h to obtain an activated bubble stone aqueous solution;
(a2) Adding salt solution into the activated vesicular stone aqueous solution, standing for 30-35h at 22-25 ℃, inoculating a culture of scenedesmus aculeatus (Scenedesmus acuminatus), adding 10% sodium alginate aqueous solution with mass concentration, stirring at 600-800r/min until the solution is in a semi-solid state, culturing at 22-25 ℃ with illumination intensity of 1000-2000lux for 16-18h/d, filtering the solution to obtain the vesicular stone containing the algae; the scenedesmus pinnatifida culture is prepared by the following components in percentage by mass of 0.3:1, inoculating the scenedesmus pinnatifida strain into the culture solution, stirring, and culturing at 22-25 ℃ until the cell density is stable.
Further, the mass ratio of the bubble stone, the ammonium nitrate, the magnesium chloride and the water is 4:1:1:12-14; the volume ratio of the activated opal water solution, the salt solution, the scenedesmus culture and the sodium alginate water solution with the mass concentration of 10% is 2:2:0.8:1-1.5.
Further, the salinity of the salt solution is 5-6 per mill, and each 1L of the salt solution contains 2-3mg of ferric ammonium citrate, 30-40mg of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 2-3mg of boric acid and 45-50mg of sodium bicarbonate.
Further, the depth of the first circular groove is 80-100cm, and the width of the first circular groove is 40-50cm; the depth of the second circular groove is 70-80cm, and the width of the second circular groove is 40-50cm; the length of the trench is 1-1.2m.
Further, the placing area of the bubble stone is 42-52% of the total area of the first and second circular grooves.
Further, the feeding density of the giant freshwater prawn larvae is 5000-6000 tails/mu.
Further, in the nutrient algae water, the mass ratio of the vitamin C, the glucose, the scenedesmus species and the water is 3:6:0.6-0.8:10.
further described, the water injection flow rate is set to be 2.0-2.2m 3 Reducing water injection flow rate to 0.6-0.8m after 5-6min 3 /h。
Further, the nutrient algae water is injected for 8-10min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, two forms of return ditches are formed by modifying the rice field, the special algae-containing bubble stones are combined and placed at the bottoms of the return ditches, and the modes of water changing and cooling treatment and water injection and cooling treatment are adopted, so that the obtained co-cultivation method for rice and shrimp in tropical high-temperature areas can effectively improve and stabilize the water quality of rice field water, stabilize the ecological balance of microorganisms-algae-shrimp in the water body in the tropical high-temperature environment, avoid pollution of the water quality, establish a good growth environment for shrimp larvae, avoid the rapid growth of the shrimp larvae, improve the specification and stress resistance of the shrimp larvae, and obtain high-quality rice field cultured finished shrimps.
In addition, the invention adopts the interaction of the activated bubble stone aqueous solution and the salt solution, and cooperates with the sodium alginate aqueous solution, so that a semi-solid state culture medium can be formed, the cuspate scenedesmus is promoted to be attached to the bubble stone for growing inwards, good playing, hiding and inhabiting environments are provided for shrimp larvae, the steady state change of the microenvironment around the bubble stone at the bottom of a ditch is stabilized, and the microclimate is regulated; according to the invention, a specific amount of paddy field water is replaced periodically during daily management, and the arrangement of the isolation plates of the ditches is combined, so that on one hand, the water quality factor can be regulated, and on the other hand, the stress resistance of the shrimp larvae can be improved; according to the invention, the nutrient algae water is injected during daily management, and the algae-containing air bubble stone is cooperated with the setting of specific water injection flow rate, so that the influence degree of high temperature on the water environment can be reduced, the stress reaction is avoided, and the healthy growth of shrimp larvae is promoted.
The method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high-temperature areas provided by the invention is green and environment-friendly, fully considers the ecological balance of planted rice and cultured shrimp seedlings, not only can harvest natural organic rice, but also can obtain high-quality macrobrachium rosenbergii, and more importantly, the pollution of water bodies in rice fields is reduced, the environment is good, and the continuous recycling of the rice fields is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of rice and shrimp co-cultivation in tropical high temperature areas according to example 1 and example 2 of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a separator plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of rice and shrimp co-cultivation in tropical high temperature areas according to example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of rice and shrimp co-cultivation in tropical high temperature areas according to comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the total phosphorus content of water quality in the rice and shrimp co-cultivation process in tropical high temperature areas according to the present invention;
reference numerals: 1 is a first return type ditch, 2 is a second return type ditch, 3 is a channel, 4 is a ditch, 5 is a partition board of the ditch, 6 is a rice planting area, 7 is a water inlet, and 8 is a water outlet.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, the following provides specific examples to further illustrate the present invention.
The experimental methods used in the embodiment of the invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents, and the like used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high temperature areas, comprising the following steps:
s1, rice field transformation: as shown in fig. 1, a first return type ditch 1 is arranged around the rice field, the ditch depth of the first return type ditch 1 is 90cm, the ditch width is 45cm, 4 second return type ditches 2 are arranged in the center of the rice field, the ditch depth of the second return type ditches 2 is 75cm, and the ditch width is 45cm; a ditch 4 is respectively arranged between the second return type ditch 2 and the first return type ditch 1, the ditch 4 is 1.0m long, the ditch is provided with a separation plate 5, the separation plate 5 is a separation plate with a grid structure, and channels 3 which are communicated are respectively arranged between the second return type ditches 2; the periphery of the rice field is provided with a water inlet 7 and a water outlet 8;
s2, setting a return groove: bubble stones are placed at the bottoms of the first return type groove 1 and the second return type groove 2, and the placement area of the bubble stones is 48% of the total area of the bottoms of the first return type groove 1 and the second return type groove 2; the described vesicular stone is the algae-containing vesicular stone obtained by co-culturing scenedesmus culture;
the preparation method of the algae-containing bubble stone comprises the following steps:
(a1) The mass ratio is 4:1:1:13, adding ammonium nitrate, magnesium chloride and water into the bubble stone, stirring, and carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 380 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain an activated bubble stone aqueous solution;
(a2) The volume ratio is 2:2:0.8:1.3, adding salt solution into the activated vesicular stone aqueous solution, standing for 33 hours at 24 ℃, inoculating the scenedesmus pinnatifida culture, adding 10% sodium alginate aqueous solution with the mass concentration, stirring at 700r/min until the solution is in a semi-solid state, culturing at 24 ℃ under 1800lux of illumination intensity for 17 hours/d, filtering the solution to obtain the vesicular stone containing algae;
the scenedesmus culture is prepared by the following components in percentage by mass of 0.3:1, inoculating scenedesmus pinnatifida to BG11 culture solution, stirring, and culturing at 24 ℃ until the cell density is stable;
the salinity of the salt solution is 5.5 per mill, and each 1L of salt solution contains 2.5mg of ferric ammonium citrate, 35mg of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 2.5mg of boric acid and 50mg of sodium bicarbonate.
S3, culturing shrimp larvae: after rice is planted in the rice field for 30 days, the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are put in with the putting density of 5500 tails/mu, and the isolation plate 5 is opened; fishing macrobrachium rosenbergii in the harvesting period;
s4, daily management: and (3) water changing and cooling treatment: changing water every 4d, wherein the water exchange amount is 14% of the rice field water, driving the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings to the first return type ditch 1 before changing water, closing the isolation plate 5 of the ditch, cleaning the second return type ditch 2, and opening the isolation plate 5 after cleaning;
and (3) water injection cooling treatment: when the continuous 3d water temperature is higher than 34 ℃, nutrient algae water (the mass ratio of vitamin C, glucose, scenedesmus species and water is 3:6:0.6:10) is adopted to be injected into the paddy field, and the water injection flow rate is set to be 2.2m 3 Reducing the water injection flow rate to 0.6m after 5min 3 And/h, co-injecting nutrient algae water for 8min.
Example 2
A method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high temperature areas, comprising the following steps:
s1, rice field transformation: as shown in fig. 1, a first return type ditch 1 is arranged around the rice field, the ditch depth of the first return type ditch 1 is 100cm, the ditch width is 50cm, 4 second return type ditches 2 are arranged in the center of the rice field, the ditch depth of the second return type ditches 2 is 80cm, and the ditch width is 50cm; a ditch 4 is respectively arranged between the second return type ditch 2 and the first return type ditch 1, the ditch 4 is 1.2m long, the ditch is provided with a separation plate 5, the separation plate 5 is a separation plate with a grid structure, and channels 3 which are communicated are respectively arranged between the second return type ditches 2; the periphery of the rice field is provided with a water inlet 7 and a water outlet 8;
s2, setting a return groove: bubble stones are placed at the bottoms of the first return type groove 1 and the second return type groove 2, and the placement area of the bubble stones is 52% of the total area of the bottoms of the first return type groove 1 and the second return type groove 2; the described vesicular stone is the algae-containing vesicular stone obtained by co-culturing scenedesmus culture;
the preparation method of the algae-containing bubble stone comprises the following steps:
(a1) The mass ratio is 4:1:1:14, adding ammonium nitrate, magnesium chloride and water into the bubble stone, stirring, and performing hydrothermal treatment at 400 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain an activated bubble stone aqueous solution;
(a2) The volume ratio is 2:2:0.8:1.5, adding salt solution into the activated vesicular stone aqueous solution, standing for 35 hours at 25 ℃, inoculating the scenedesmus pinnatifida culture, adding 10% sodium alginate aqueous solution with mass concentration, stirring at 800r/min until the solution is in a semi-solid state, culturing for 5 days at 25 ℃ under 2000lux of illumination intensity for 18 hours/d, and filtering the solution to obtain the vesicular stone containing algae;
the scenedesmus culture is prepared by the following components in percentage by mass of 0.3:1, inoculating scenedesmus pinnatifida to BG11 culture solution, stirring, and culturing at 25deg.C until cell density is stable;
the salinity of the salt solution is 6 per mill, and each 1L of salt solution contains 3mg of ferric ammonium citrate, 40mg of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 3mg of boric acid and 50mg of sodium bicarbonate.
S3, culturing shrimp larvae: after rice is planted in the paddy field for 35d, the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are put in with the putting density of 5500 tails/mu, and the isolation plate 5 is opened; fishing macrobrachium rosenbergii in the harvesting period;
s4, daily management: and (3) water changing and cooling treatment: changing water every 4d, wherein the water change amount is 16% of the rice field water, driving the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings to the first return type ditch 1 before changing water, closing the isolation plate 5 of the ditch, cleaning the second return type ditch 2, and opening the isolation plate 5 after cleaning;
and (3) water injection cooling treatment: when the water temperature is higher than 34 ℃ for 4 days continuously, nutrient algae water (the mass ratio of vitamin C, glucose, scenedesmus species and water is 3:6:0.8:10) is adopted to be injected into the paddy field, and the water injection flow rate is set to be 2.0m 3 Reducing the flow rate of water flow to 0.8m after 6min 3 And/h, co-injecting nutrient algae water for 10min.
Example 3
A method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high temperature areas, comprising the following steps:
s1, rice field transformation: as shown in fig. 3, a first return type ditch 1 is arranged around the rice field, the ditch depth of the first return type ditch 1 is 90cm, the ditch width is 45cm, 3 second return type ditches 2 are arranged in the center of the rice field, the ditch depth of the second return type ditches 2 is 75cm, and the ditch width is 45cm; a ditch 4 is respectively arranged between the second return type ditch 2 and the first return type ditch 1, the ditch 4 is 1.0m long, the ditch is provided with a separation plate 5, the separation plate 5 is a separation plate with a grid structure, and channels 3 which are communicated are respectively arranged between the second return type ditches 2; the periphery of the rice field is provided with a water inlet 7 and a water outlet 8;
s2, setting a return groove: bubble stones are placed at the bottoms of the first return type groove 1 and the second return type groove 2, and the placement area of the bubble stones is 48% of the total area of the bottoms of the first return type groove 1 and the second return type groove 2; the described vesicular stone is the algae-containing vesicular stone obtained by co-culturing scenedesmus culture;
the preparation method of the algae-containing bubble stone comprises the following steps:
(a1) The mass ratio is 4:1:1:13, adding ammonium nitrate, magnesium chloride and water into the bubble stone, stirring, and carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 380 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain an activated bubble stone aqueous solution;
(a2) The volume ratio is 2:2:0.8:1.3, adding salt solution into the activated vesicular stone aqueous solution, standing for 33 hours at 24 ℃, inoculating the scenedesmus pinnatifida culture, adding 10% sodium alginate aqueous solution with the mass concentration, stirring at 700r/min until the solution is in a semi-solid state, culturing at 24 ℃ under 1800lux of illumination intensity for 17 hours/d, filtering the solution to obtain the vesicular stone containing algae;
the scenedesmus culture is prepared by the following components in percentage by mass of 0.3:1, inoculating scenedesmus pinnatifida to BG11 culture solution, stirring, and culturing at 24 ℃ until the cell density is stable;
the salinity of the salt solution is 5.5 per mill, and each 1L of salt solution contains 2.5mg of ferric ammonium citrate, 35mg of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 2.5mg of boric acid and 50mg of sodium bicarbonate.
S3, culturing shrimp larvae: after rice is planted in the rice field for 30 days, the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are put in with the putting density of 5500 tails/mu, and the isolation plate 5 is opened; fishing macrobrachium rosenbergii in the harvesting period;
s4, daily management: and (3) water changing and cooling treatment: changing water every 4d, wherein the water exchange amount is 14% of the rice field water, driving the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings to the first return type ditch 1 before changing water, closing the isolation plate 5 of the ditch, cleaning the second return type ditch 2, and opening the isolation plate 5 after cleaning;
and (3) water injection cooling treatment: when the continuous 3d water temperature is higher than 34 ℃, nutrient algae water (the mass ratio of vitamin C, glucose, scenedesmus species and water is 3:6:0.7:10) is adopted to be injected into the paddy field, and the water injection flow rate is set to be 2.2m 3 Reducing the water injection flow rate to 0.6m after 5min 3 And/h, co-injecting nutrient algae water for 9min.
Example 4
The same method for co-breeding rice and shrimp according to example 3 is different in that the preparation method of the algae-containing air bubble stone is different, and the specific steps are as follows:
(a1) The mass ratio is 4:13, adding water into the bubble stone, stirring, and obtaining an aqueous bubble stone solution;
(a2) The volume ratio is 2:2:0.8:1.3, adding salt solution into the opal water solution, standing for 33 hours at 24 ℃, inoculating the scenedesmus pinnatifida culture, adding sodium alginate water solution with the mass concentration of 10 percent, stirring for 20 minutes at 700r/min, culturing for 5 days at 24 ℃ under the illumination intensity of 1800lux for 17 hours/d, and filtering the solution to obtain the opal containing algae;
the scenedesmus culture is prepared by the following components in percentage by mass of 0.3:1, inoculating scenedesmus pinnatifida to BG11 culture solution, stirring, and culturing at 24 ℃ until the cell density is stable;
the salinity of the salt solution is 5.5 per mill, and each 1L of salt solution contains 2.5mg of ferric ammonium citrate, 35mg of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 2.5mg of boric acid and 50mg of sodium bicarbonate.
Example 5
The same method for co-breeding rice and shrimp according to example 3 is different in daily management, and comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) water changing and cooling treatment: changing water every 4d, wherein the water change amount is 14% of the rice field water, driving the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings to a first return type ditch before changing water, closing a separating plate of the ditch, cleaning a second return type ditch, and opening the separating plate after cleaning;
and (3) water injection cooling treatment: when the continuous 3d water temperature is higher than 34 ℃, nutrient algae water (the mass ratio of vitamin C, glucose, scenedesmus species and water is 3:6:0.7:10) is adopted to be injected into the paddy field, and the water injection flow rate is set to be 2.2m 3 And/h, co-injecting nutrient algae water for 12min.
Comparative example 1
The same method for co-breeding rice and shrimp according to example 3 is characterized in that a cross-shaped second return type ditch is adopted in the center of a rice field, and the specific steps are as follows:
s1, rice field transformation: as shown in fig. 4, a first return type ditch 1 is arranged around the paddy field, the ditch depth of the first return type ditch 1 is 90cm, the ditch width is 45cm, a cross-shaped second return type ditch 2 is arranged in the center of the paddy field, the ditch depth of the second return type ditch 2 is 75cm, the ditch width is 45cm, a separation plate 5 is arranged between the second return type ditch 2 and the first return type ditch 1, and the separation plate 5 is of a grid structure; the periphery of the rice field is provided with a water inlet 7 and a water outlet 8;
s2, setting a return groove: bubble stones are placed at the bottoms of the first return type groove 1 and the second return type groove 2, and the placement area of the bubble stones is 48% of the total area of the bottoms of the first return type groove 1 and the second return type groove 2; the described vesicular stone is the algae-containing vesicular stone obtained by co-culturing scenedesmus culture;
the preparation method of the algae-containing bubble stone comprises the following steps:
(a1) The mass ratio is 4:1:1:13, adding ammonium nitrate, magnesium chloride and water into the bubble stone, stirring, and carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 380 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain an activated bubble stone aqueous solution;
(a2) The volume ratio is 2:2:0.8:1.3, adding salt solution into the activated vesicular stone aqueous solution, standing for 33 hours at 24 ℃, inoculating the scenedesmus pinnatifida culture, adding 10% sodium alginate aqueous solution with the mass concentration, stirring at 700r/min until the solution is in a semi-solid state, culturing at 24 ℃ under 1800lux of illumination intensity for 17 hours/d, filtering the solution to obtain the vesicular stone containing algae;
the scenedesmus culture is prepared by the following components in percentage by mass of 0.3:1, inoculating scenedesmus pinnatifida to BG11 culture solution, stirring, and culturing at 24 ℃ until the cell density is stable;
the salinity of the salt solution is 5.5 per mill, and each 1L of salt solution contains 2.5mg of ferric ammonium citrate, 35mg of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 2.5mg of boric acid and 50mg of sodium bicarbonate.
S3, culturing shrimp larvae: after rice is planted in the rice field for 30 days, the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are put in with the putting density of 5500 tails/mu, and the isolation plate 5 is opened; fishing macrobrachium rosenbergii in the harvesting period;
s4, daily management: and (3) water changing and cooling treatment: changing water every 4d, wherein the water exchange amount is 14% of the rice field water, driving the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings to the first return type ditch 1 before changing water, closing the isolation plate 5 of the ditch, cleaning the second return type ditch 2, and opening the isolation plate 5 after cleaning;
and (3) water injection cooling treatment: when the continuous 3d water temperature is higher than 34 ℃, nutrient algae water (the mass ratio of vitamin C, glucose, scenedesmus species and water is 3:6:0.7:10) is adopted to be injected into the paddy field, and the water injection flow rate is set to be 2.2m 3 Reducing the water injection flow rate to 0.6m after 5min 3 And/h, co-injecting nutrient algae water for 9min.
Comparative example 2
The same method for co-breeding rice and shrimp according to example 3 is characterized in that the periphery of the rice field is not provided with a first return ditch, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, rice field transformation: 3 return grooves are formed in the center of the rice field, the depth of each return groove is 75cm, the width of each return groove is 45cm, and channels which are communicated are respectively formed among the return grooves; a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged around the rice field;
s2, setting a return groove: the bubble stone is placed at the bottom of the return-type ditch, and the placement area of the bubble stone is 48% of the total area of the bottom of the return-type ditch; the described vesicular stone is the algae-containing vesicular stone obtained by co-culturing scenedesmus culture;
the preparation method of the algae-containing bubble stone comprises the following steps:
(a1) The mass ratio is 4:1:1:13, adding ammonium nitrate, magnesium chloride and water into the bubble stone, stirring, and carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 380 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain an activated bubble stone aqueous solution;
(a2) The volume ratio is 2:2:0.8:1.3, adding salt solution into the activated vesicular stone aqueous solution, standing for 33 hours at 24 ℃, inoculating the scenedesmus pinnatifida culture, adding 10% sodium alginate aqueous solution with the mass concentration, stirring at 700r/min until the solution is in a semi-solid state, culturing at 24 ℃ under 1800lux of illumination intensity for 17 hours/d, filtering the solution to obtain the vesicular stone containing algae;
the scenedesmus culture is prepared by the following components in percentage by mass of 0.3:1, inoculating scenedesmus pinnatifida to BG11 culture solution, stirring, and culturing at 24 ℃ until the cell density is stable;
the salinity of the salt solution is 5.5 per mill, and each 1L of salt solution contains 2.5mg of ferric ammonium citrate, 35mg of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 2.5mg of boric acid and 50mg of sodium bicarbonate.
S3, culturing shrimp larvae: after rice is planted in the rice field for 30 days, the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are put in for cultivation at the putting density of 5500 tails/mu until the macrobrachium rosenbergii harvest period, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught;
s4, daily management: and (3) water changing and cooling treatment: changing water every 4d, wherein the water change amount is 14% of the paddy field water;
and (3) water injection cooling treatment: when the continuous 3d water temperature is higher than 34 ℃, nutrient algae water (the mass ratio of vitamin C, glucose, scenedesmus species and water is 3:6:0.7:10) is adopted to be injected into the paddy field, and the water injection flow rate is set to be 2.2m 3 Reducing the water injection flow rate to 0.6m after 5min 3 And/h, co-injecting nutrient algae water for 9min.
Comparative example 3
The same method for co-breeding rice and shrimp according to example 3 is different in that the algae-containing buzzers are replaced by buzzers, and the specific steps are as follows:
s1, rice field transformation: the periphery of the rice field is provided with first return type grooves, the groove depth of the first return type grooves is 90cm, the groove width is 45cm, the center of the rice field is provided with 3 second return type grooves, the groove depth of the second return type grooves is 75cm, and the groove width is 45cm; a ditch is respectively arranged between the second return type ditch and the first return type ditch, the ditch is 1m long, the ditch is provided with a separation plate, the separation plate is a separation plate with a grid structure, and channels which are communicated are respectively arranged between the second return type ditches; a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged around the rice field;
s2, setting a return groove: the bubble stones are placed at the bottoms of the first return type groove and the second return type groove, and the placement area of the bubble stones is 48% of the total area of the bottoms of the first return type groove and the second return type groove;
s3, culturing shrimp larvae: after rice is planted in the rice field for 30 days, feeding macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the feeding density of 5500 tails/mu, and opening the isolation plate; fishing macrobrachium rosenbergii in the harvesting period;
s4, daily management: and (3) water changing and cooling treatment: changing water every 4d, wherein the water change amount is 14% of the rice field water, driving the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings to a first return type ditch before changing water, closing a separating plate of the ditch, cleaning a second return type ditch, and opening the separating plate after cleaning;
and (3) water injection cooling treatment: when the continuous 3d water temperature is higher than 34 ℃, nutrient algae water (the mass ratio of vitamin C, glucose, scenedesmus species and water is 3:6:0.7:10) is adopted to be injected into the paddy field, and the water injection flow rate is set to be 2.2m 3 Reducing the water injection flow rate to 0.6m after 5min 3 And/h, co-injecting nutrient algae water for 9min.
Test example 1
The breeding base is selected from the mountain village committee deluxe of the large town in the state, and shrimp larvae are put in the beginning of 6 months. The test is respectively provided with 3 sampling points, and the water quality of each sampling point is collected after the shrimp larvae are put in and cultured for 15 days, and the water sample is collected every 5 days for 6 times. The total phosphorus content of water is measured by a potassium persulfate digestion method according to the water total phosphorus determination (GB/T11893-1989), the total nitrogen content of water is measured by a potassium persulfate digestion method according to the water total nitrogen determination (GB/T11894-1989), and the mass concentration reduction rate of total phosphorus and total nitrogen is measured, wherein the reduction rate (%) = (C) 1 -C 0 )/C 1 X 100, wherein C 1 For the first sampling of total phosphorus or total nitrogen content (mg/L), C 0 Total phosphorus or total nitrogen content (mg/L) for the last sample.
When a water sample is collected for the last time, analyzing a zooplankton Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') by adopting a biodiversity index evaluation method, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein S is the total biological class number and P i The ratio of the number of the ith individuals to the total number of individuals in the area is evaluated as follows:
TABLE 1
| Index range | Level of | Diverse conditions |
| H′＝0 | Extremely poor | Single species, substantial loss of diversity |
| 0<H′≤1 | Lean of | Low species abundance, uneven individual distribution |
| 1<H′≤2 | In general | The species is low in variety abundance, and the individual distribution is uniform |
| 2<H′≤3 | Is richer | The species is rich in species, and the individual distribution is uniform |
| H′>3 | Rich | High species variety and uniform individual distribution |
The experimental results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the table, the rice and shrimp co-cultivation method adopting the rice field transformation, the return channel arrangement, the shrimp larvae cultivation and daily management can effectively improve and stabilize the water quality of rice field water, and as can be seen from the figure 5, the total phosphorus content of the water quality is reduced after rising trend in the co-cultivation process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii and the rice field, the total phosphorus content of the water quality is reduced more quickly after 30d of shrimp larvae cultivation, the total phosphorus content of the water body is reduced by 27.4-33.1%, and the total nitrogen content is reduced by 3.6-6.3%, which indicates that the rice field transformation is provided with the two forms of return channels, and the specific algae-containing bubble stones are combined to be placed at the bottoms of the return channels, and the water exchange cooling treatment and the water injection cooling treatment are adopted, so that the damage of the macrobrachium rosenbergii to the ecological balance of the water body can be effectively avoided and reduced, the biological diversity of the zooplankton of the water body animal can be improved and maintained, the benign circulation of the ecological system can be promoted, and a proper green ecological cultivation system is created for the macrobrachium rosenbergii and the rice field co-cultivation.
Test example 2
300 finished shrimps were randomly caught and the average body length (the length between eyes and tail base) and fullness were calculated as follows:
wherein the weight is average weight (g), and the weight of the whole shrimp is weighed by adopting paper towels to absorb the water on the surface of the shrimp body; the body length is the average body length (cm).
The method comprises the steps of adopting a superoxide dismutase activity detection kit of Beijing Soy Co., ltd, measuring the superoxide dismutase ((Superoxide Dismutase, SOD for short) activity of the shrimp, dissecting the shrimp, weighing 0.1g of muscle tissue, adding 1mL of an extracting solution of the kit, carrying out ice bath grinding to obtain slurry, centrifuging at 4 ℃ and 10000r/min for 10min, taking supernatant as a test sample, measuring absorbance value at 560nm according to the ultraviolet spectrophotometry after the treatment of the kit, and calculating the superoxide dismutase activity, wherein the experimental result is as follows.
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from the table, by adopting the rice field transformation, the return ditch setting, the shrimp larvae cultivation and daily management rice shrimp co-cultivation method, the superoxide dismutase activity is effectively improved, the ingestion rate and the activity of the macrobrachium rosenbergii can be promoted, the growth and development rate of the macrobrachium rosenbergii can be controlled, the specification and the fertility of the harvested macrobrachium rosenbergii can be further increased, the bright light blue body color of the macrobrachium rosenbergii can be further maintained, the high-quality adult shrimp commodity can be harvested, and the influence of high-temperature weather on the growth and development of the shrimp larvae can be effectively avoided; example 4 algae-containing vesicular stones are not prepared by using an activated vesicular stone aqueous solution, the solution cannot be formed into a semi-solid suspension culture solution, the scenedesmus pinosus is not easy to adhere to the vesicular stones for growth, the feeding rate of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is reduced, and the growth state is poor; example 5 the nutrient algal water injection flow rate and time were adjusted and the fullness was slightly decreased.
The comparative example 1 adopts a cross-shaped return-type ditch arrangement, the living environment of the shrimp larvae is easy to change, and the growth and development of the shrimp larvae are not facilitated; comparative example 2 was not provided with the first loop-type groove, and superoxide dismutase activity was decreased; comparative example 3 shows that the use of algae-containing buzzers helps to provide a good playful, hiding and perching environment for shrimp larvae and stabilizes the steady state changes in the microenvironment surrounding the trench bottom buzzers.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, but the shape of the rectangular ditch provided in the paddy field is not limited to square, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high temperature areas, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, rice field transformation: the rice field is provided with a first return type ditch around, the center of the rice field is provided with 3-4 second return type ditches, ditches are respectively arranged between the second return type ditches and the first return type ditches, each ditch is provided with a separation plate, each separation plate is a separation plate with a grid structure, and channels which are communicated are respectively arranged between the second return type ditches; a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged around the rice field; the first circular groove has a groove depth of 80-100cm and a groove width of 40-50cm; the second square groove has a groove depth of 70-80cm and a groove width of 40-50cm; the length of the ditch is 1-1.2 m;
s2, setting a return groove: bubble stones are placed at the bottoms of the first and second circular grooves; the described vesicular stone is the algae-containing vesicular stone obtained by co-culturing scenedesmus culture;
the preparation method of the algae-containing bubble stone comprises the following steps:
(a1) Adding ammonium nitrate, magnesium chloride and water into the bubble stone, stirring, and performing hydrothermal treatment at 350-400 ℃ for 1-2h to obtain an activated bubble stone aqueous solution;
(a2) Adding salt solution into activated vesicular stone aqueous solution, standing at 22-25deg.C for 30-35h, inoculating Gratelaria pointeaScenedesmus acuminatus) Adding 10% sodium alginate aqueous solution at a mass concentration of 600-800r/min into the culture, stirring until the solution is in semi-solid state, culturing for 4-5d at 22-25deg.C under light intensity of 1000-2000lux and light time of 16-18h/d, and filtering to obtain algae-containing air bubble stone; the scenedesmus pinnatifida culture is prepared by the following components in percentage by mass of 0.3:1, inoculating scenedesmus pinnata into a culture solution, stirring, and culturing at 22-25 ℃ until the cell density is stable; the salinity of the salt solution is 5-6%,2-3mg boric acid and 45-50mg sodium bicarbonate;
s3, culturing shrimp larvae: after rice is planted in a paddy field for 30-35d days, macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are put in, and the partition plate is opened; fishing macrobrachium rosenbergii in the harvesting period;
s4, daily management: and (3) water changing and cooling treatment: changing water every 4-5d, wherein the water exchange amount is 12-16% of rice field water, driving the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings to a first return type ditch before changing water, closing the isolation plate, cleaning a second return type ditch, and opening the isolation plate;
and (3) water injection cooling treatment: when the water temperature of continuous 3-4d is higher than 34 ℃, nutrient algae water is injected into the rice field, and the water injection flow rate is set to be 2.0-2.2m 3 Reducing water injection flow rate to 0.6-0.8m after 5-6min 3 /h; the nutritional algae water is obtained by adding vitamin C, glucose and scenedesmus into water and mixing.
2. The method for co-culturing rice and shrimp in tropical high temperature areas according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the opal, ammonium nitrate, magnesium chloride and water is 4:1:1:12-14; the volume ratio of the activated opal water solution to the salt solution to the scenedesmus culture to the sodium alginate water solution with the mass concentration of 10% is 2:2:0.8:1-1.5.
3. The method for co-culturing rice and shrimp in tropical high temperature areas according to claim 1, wherein the placing area of the bubble stone is 42-52% of the total area of the bottoms of the first and second return grooves.
4. The method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high temperature areas according to claim 1, wherein the feeding density of the giant freshwater shrimp larvae is 5000-6000 tails/mu.
5. The method for co-culturing rice and shrimp in tropical high temperature areas according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of vitamin C, glucose, scenedesmus species and water in the nutrient algae water is 3:6:0.6-0.8:10.
6. a method for co-breeding rice and shrimp in tropical high temperature areas according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient algae water is injected for 8-10min.
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| CN113099989A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-13 | 海南归耘田农业科技有限公司 | Rice and shrimp joint cropping ecological breeding method |
| CN113349126A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-07 | 安徽雨泉农业科技有限公司 | Macrobrachium rosenbergii paddy field culture and wild trash fish physical removal method |
| CN113841643A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2021-12-28 | 海南归耘田农业科技有限公司 | Rapid breeding method of paddy field shrimps |
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