CN108719155A - A kind of method of paddy field aquaculture Macrobrachium rosenbergii - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, are related to a kind of method of paddy field aquaculture Macrobrachium rosenbergii, mainly include the following steps that：Rice field prepares, put prepare before seedling, shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, bait feeding, aquaculture management, fishing.The present invention is by making full use of rice field advantage, Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivation and Rice Cropping are organically combined, excavate the productive potentialities of the two, by rationally controlling and managing, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii disease that cultivates out is few, the speed of growth is fast, individual is big, with good meat quality, survival rate is high, yield is high, breeding process environmental pollution is small, reach ecologic breeding, it is with good economic efficiency.

Description

A kind of method for cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii in paddy fields

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of modern aquaculture, and more specifically relates to a method for ecologically cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii in paddy fields.

Background technique

Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), also known as Malaysian prawns and freshwater long-armed prawns, is the most important freshwater aquaculture species in China. It has the characteristics of fast growth, wide feeding habits, strong adaptability and stress resistance, and easy breeding. Known as the king of freshwater shrimp. Because of its thin shell and fat body, tender meat, rich nutrition and delicious taste, it is deeply loved by consumers. With the development of social economy and the continuous improvement of living standards, people's demand for Macrobrachium rosenbergii is also increasing. At present, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is mainly cultured in ponds, and it faces two problems: one is that due to the high breeding density, frequent outbreaks of diseases, the low survival rate of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and poor economic benefits of farming, and the second is the production of feces and waste water during the breeding process It will also cause great pollution to the environment.

Therefore urgently need a kind of ecological macrobrachium rosenbergii culture technology to solve the above problems.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide an ecological culture method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii in paddy fields with high survival rate and good economic benefits.

In order to achieve this goal, the technical solution of the present invention is: the method for cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii in this paddy field mainly comprises the following steps:

A method for cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii in paddy fields, mainly comprising the following steps:

(1) Paddy field preparation:

a. Select paddy fields with sufficient water sources, good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, no waterlogging during the rainy season, and good water retention performance;

b. Excavate a ring ditch around the paddy field. The bottom width of the ring ditch is 0.5-1m, the mouth width is 1-2m, the depth is more than 1.5m, and the slope ratio is 1:1-2.5. When the paddy field area is greater than 10 mu, it can be excavated in the middle of the paddy field "Ten" or "well" shaped field ditches, the total area of ring ditches and field ditches shall not exceed 10% of the paddy field area;

c. Lay microporous aeration pipes in ring ditch and field ditch;

d. Reinforce the field ridge, and set up a protective net fixed with wooden sticks between the field ridge and the ring ditch;

e. Construct the inlet and outlet according to the pattern of high irrigation and low drainage, and set 60-80 mesh mesh at the inlet and outlet;

(2) Preparation before putting seedlings:

a. Disinfection of the whole field: plow the paddy field, and slurry the massive quicklime at 100kg/mu, and then spray it on the entire paddy field while it is hot for disinfection;

b. Plant aquatic plants: Add 30cm of water to the ring ditch and field ditch, and evenly plant aquatic plants. The planting area of aquatic plants should not exceed 30%-40% of the total area of the ring ditch and field ditch;

c. Transplanting: After the aquatic plants survive, continue to inject water in the paddy field to prepare for transplanting; select rice varieties with tight panicle type with small leaf opening angle, resistance to diseases and insect pests, lodging resistance and strong fertilizer tolerance, and the transplanting density is 30cm*15cm;

d. Reasonable fertilization: put the seedlings at a stable water temperature above 20°C, 7-10 days before the seedlings, make the water level of the paddy field stable at a depth of 10-20cm, sprinkle fermented organic fertilizer into the paddy field at a rate of 300-500kg/mu, and cultivate biological bait;

(3) Stocking of shrimp seedlings: choose shrimp seedlings with a body length of 0.8-1cm, healthy and vigorous, and put them into the ring ditch in the morning or evening on a sunny day according to the breeding density of 15,000-20,000 to 20,000/mu;

(4) Feed feeding: No feed is needed at the beginning after the seedlings are released, and artificial feed is gradually fed after 10 days. The daily feeding amount accounts for 5%-8% of the body weight of the shrimp. The feeding amount accounts for 30%-35% of the daily feeding amount, and the afternoon feeding amount accounts for 65%-70% of the daily feeding amount; when feeding, feed 70% of each feeding amount in the ring ditch, Feed 30% of the amount of each feeding in the paddy field; it is advisable to feed the shrimp larvae within 1-2 hours each time. The specific feeding amount depends on the water temperature, weather and water quality. The feed particle size depends on the Roche marsh The growth of shrimp can be adjusted in time;

(5) Breeding management: keep the water quality fresh, and the water color should be light green. Change the water every 5-10 days. Intake the water to restore the water level. In the high temperature season, you generally choose to change the water in the morning, evening or rainy days. The frequency and amount of water change depend on the water quality; 1. On sunny days from 12:00 to 14:00 and on cloudy and rainy days, oxygenation facilities need to be turned on. When shrimp floating heads are found, new water should be filled in time or oxygenation equipment should be activated. Water temperature, water level, inlet and outlet, and bait table, to keep abreast of the growth and feeding situation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii;

(6) Disease control: Macrobrachium rosenbergii has few diseases, and the concentration of 5-10ppm quicklime is regularly sprinkled in the ring ditch every 10-15 days to prevent the occurrence of diseases; commonly used insecticidal lamps, natural enemies of pests, and sex attractants are the first choice for rice disease control and other physical and biological control methods, combined with the use of commonly used low-toxicity and low-residue biological pesticides. When spraying pesticides, the water level in the paddy field should be lowered in advance so that the giant giant rosenbergii in the paddy field can return to the ring ditch and the field ditch;

(7) Harvesting: After 120 days of cultivation in the paddy field, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught by net fishing or dry water method.

Preferably, the aquatic plants in the step (2) are one or more of Hydra verticillium, duckweed, water peanut, bitter grass, and Elodea; the organic fertilizer is chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure Manure, rice bran or straw, used after 15-20 days of fermentation.

Preferably, the stocking method of the shrimp seedlings in the step (3) is: first float the seedling bag containing the seedlings on the water surface, and when the water temperature difference between the inside and outside of the bag is less than 1 degree, gently remove the seedlings from the bag. release.

Preferably, the artificial feed in the step (4) is mainly fish meat and snail meat, and a small amount of special compound feed for Macrobrachium rosenbergii is supplemented to improve nutrition.

The present invention makes full use of the advantages of the paddy fields, organically combines the cultivation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii with rice planting, taps the production potential of the two, and through reasonable control and management, compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects are as follows:

1. The method of the present invention is by changing the traditional pond culture method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and constructing an annular culture ditch or a field ditch in the paddy field, realizing the co-cultivation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and rice, without affecting the normal production of the paddy field, one field for two purposes, Rational use of land resources, scientific management, to achieve a double harvest of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and rice.

2. The method of the present invention can utilize the tender grass in the paddy field, insect, seedling pollen as the feed of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, can reduce the feed cost in Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture process; Fertilizer can be absorbed by rice, so that rice and Macrobrachium rosenbergii can be interdependent and promoted in a symbiotic environment, reduce pollution, form a benign ecological chain of supply, metabolism, transformation and reuse, and be ecologically friendly.

3. The method of the present invention adopts that the blade opening angle is small, resistant to diseases and insect pests, lodging resistance and the tight panicle type rice variety with strong fertilizer tolerance is planted in the paddy field, which can provide enough resting ground for the Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured, because the rice variety It has strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, can reduce the work of deworming, effectively avoids the pollution of Macrobrachium rosenbergii by spraying drugs, makes the shrimp seedlings grow in a natural environment, and improves the survival rate of shrimp seedlings.

4. The bait that the method of the present invention adopts is green pollution-free and low in cost, can enhance the appetite of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, promote the digestion and absorption of calcium and phosphorus substances of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, improve the disease resistance and survival rate of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, strengthen Stress capacity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

5. The present invention plants aquatic plants in ring ditches and field ditches, which can consume ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, etc. in ditch bottom mud, play a role in purifying mud and water quality; aquatic plants can not only provide suitable habitat for Macrobrachium rosenbergii The environment also provides suitable feed, and the active ingredients in Hydra verticillium, duckweed, water peanut, bitter grass or Elodea can also promote the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii individuals and improve the meat quality of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

6. The method of the present invention is low in cost, easy to operate, does not use hormones or chemicals, and has a high survival rate of shrimp seedlings, robust growth, fast seedling emergence, and the shrimp seedlings do not carry harmful pathogens, which can improve the success rate of breeding and has better economical efficiency. benefit.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:

Example 1:

A method for cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a paddy field mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) Paddy field preparation

a. Select paddy fields with sufficient water sources, good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, no waterlogging during the rainy season, and good water retention performance;

b. Excavate a ring ditch around the paddy field. The bottom of the ring ditch is 0.5m wide, the mouth is 1m wide, and the depth is more than 1.5m. The field ditch, the total area of the ring ditch does not exceed 10% of the paddy field area;

c. Lay microporous aeration pipes in ring ditch and field ditch;

d. Reinforce the field ridge, and set up a protective net fixed with wooden sticks between the field ridge and the ring ditch;

e. Construct the inlet and outlet according to the pattern of high irrigation and low drainage, and set up 60-mesh mesh at the inlet and outlet to prevent the entry of harmful organisms;

(2) Preparation before putting seedlings

a. Disinfection of the whole field: plow the paddy field, 2000kg lump quicklime is slurried and then sprayed on the whole paddy field for disinfection while it is hot, so as to kill the harmful organisms in the field;

b. Plant aquatic plants: add water to the water depth of 30cm in the ring ditch, and evenly plant the aquatic plants of Hydrilla verticillium, the planting area of aquatic plants shall not exceed 30% of the total area of the ring ditch and the field ditch;

c. Transplanting: After the aquatic plants survive, continue to inject water in the paddy field to prepare for transplanting; select a tight-eared rice variety with a small leaf opening angle, resistance to diseases and insect pests, lodging resistance, and strong fertilizer tolerance, and transplant in the paddy field at a density of 30cm *15cm;

d. Reasonable fertilization: put the seedlings at a stable water temperature above 20°C, 7-10 days before the seedlings, make the water level of the paddy field stable at 10-20cm deep, sprinkle 6000kg of chicken manure fermented for 15 days into the paddy field, and cultivate biological bait ;

(3) Stocking of shrimp seedlings: select shrimp seedlings with a body length of 0.8-1cm, good health and vitality, and put them into the ring ditch in the morning or evening on a sunny day according to the breeding density of 15,000-20,000 to 20,000/mu; when stocking, First float the shrimp bag containing the shrimp on the water surface, and when the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the bag is less than 1 degree, gently release the shrimp from the bag;

(4) Feed feeding: No feed is needed at the beginning after the seedlings are released, and artificial feed is gradually fed after 10 days. The daily feeding amount accounts for 5%-8% of the body weight of the shrimp. The feeding amount accounts for 30% of the daily feeding amount, and the afternoon feeding amount accounts for 70% of the daily feeding amount; when feeding, 70% of each feeding amount is fed in the ring ditch, and each feeding amount is fed in the rice field. 30% of the feeding amount for each feeding; it is advisable to feed the shrimp larvae within 1-2 hours each time, the specific feeding amount depends on the water temperature, weather and water quality, and the feed particle size is adjusted in time according to the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Among them, the feed is mainly fish meat and snail meat, and a small amount of special compound feed for Macrobrachium rosenbergii is supplemented to improve nutrition;

(5) Breeding management: keep the water quality fresh, and the water color should be light green. Change the water every 5-10 days. Intake the water to restore the water level. In the high temperature season, you generally choose to change the water in the morning, evening or rainy days. The frequency and amount of water change depend on the water quality; 1. On sunny days from 12:00 to 14:00 and on cloudy and rainy days, oxygenation facilities need to be turned on. When shrimp floating heads are found, new water should be filled in time or oxygenation equipment should be activated. Water temperature, water level, inlet and outlet, and bait table, to keep abreast of the growth and feeding situation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii;

(6) Disease control: Macrobrachium rosenbergii has few diseases, and the concentration of quicklime with a concentration of 10ppm is regularly sprinkled in the ring ditch every 10 days to prevent the occurrence of diseases; commonly used insecticidal lamps, natural enemies of pests, sex attractants and other physical and biological methods are the first choice for rice disease control. The control method is to use commonly used low-toxicity and low-residue biopesticides. When spraying pesticides, the water level in the paddy field should be lowered in advance, so that the Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the paddy field can return to the ring ditch and the field ditch;

(7) Harvesting: After 120 days of cultivation in the paddy field, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught by net fishing or dry water method.

Example 2:

A method for cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a paddy field mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) Paddy field preparation

a. Select paddy fields with sufficient water sources, good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, no waterlogging during the rainy season, and good water retention performance;

b. Excavate a ring ditch around the paddy field. The bottom width of the ring ditch is 0.5m, the mouth width is 1.5m, and the depth is more than 1.5m. The slope ratio is 1:1.5. The total area of field ditch, ring ditch and field ditch shall not exceed 10% of the paddy field area;

c. Lay microporous aeration pipes in ring ditch and field ditch;

d. Reinforce the field ridge, and set up a protective net fixed with wooden sticks between the field ridge and the ring ditch;

e. Construct the inlet and outlet according to the pattern of high irrigation and low drainage, and set up 60-mesh mesh at the inlet and outlet to prevent the entry of harmful organisms;

(2) Preparation before putting seedlings

a. Disinfection of the whole field: plow the paddy field, 2000kg lump quicklime is slurried and then sprayed on the whole paddy field for disinfection while it is hot, so as to kill the harmful organisms in the field;

b. Plant aquatic plants: add water to the depth of 30cm in the ring ditch and the field ditch, and evenly plant the aquatic plants of Hydra verticillium, duckweed and water peanut, the planting area of aquatic plants shall not exceed 35% of the total area of the ring ditch and the field ditch;

c. Transplanting: After the aquatic plants survive, continue to inject water in the paddy field to prepare for transplanting; select a tight-eared rice variety with a small leaf opening angle, resistance to diseases and insect pests, lodging resistance and strong fertilizer tolerance, and transplant in the paddy field with a transplanting density of 30cm *15cm;

d. Reasonable fertilization: put the seedlings at a stable water temperature above 20°C, 7-10 days before the seedlings, make the water level of the paddy field stable at a depth of 10-15cm, sprinkle 6000kg of cow dung or pig manure fermented for 15 days into the paddy field, Cultivate biological bait;

(3) Stocking of shrimp seedlings: select shrimp seedlings with a body length of 0.8-1cm, good health and vitality, and put them into the ring ditch in the morning or evening on a sunny day according to the breeding density of 15,000-20,000 to 20,000/mu, and put them in the field. Multi-point stocking in the ditch; when stocking, first float the shrimp bag containing the shrimp on the water surface, and when the difference in water temperature between the inside and outside of the bag is less than 1 degree, gently release the shrimp from the bag;

(4) Feed feeding: No feed is needed at the beginning after the seedlings are released, and artificial feed is gradually fed after 10 days. The daily feeding amount accounts for 5%-8% of the body weight of the shrimp. The feeding amount accounts for 30% of the daily feeding amount, and the afternoon feeding amount accounts for 70% of the daily feeding amount; when feeding, 70% of each feeding amount is fed in the ring ditch, and each feeding amount is fed in the rice field. 30% of the feeding amount for each feeding; it is advisable to feed the shrimp larvae within 1-2 hours each time, the specific feeding amount depends on the water temperature, weather and water quality, and the feed particle size is adjusted in time according to the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Among them, the feed is mainly fish meat and snail meat, and a small amount of special compound feed for Macrobrachium rosenbergii is supplemented to improve nutrition;

(5) Breeding management: keep the water quality fresh, and the water color should be light green. Change the water every 5-10 days. Intake the water to restore the water level. In the high temperature season, you generally choose to change the water in the morning, evening or rainy days. The frequency and amount of water change depend on the water quality; 1. On sunny days from 12:00 to 14:00 and on cloudy and rainy days, oxygenation facilities need to be turned on. When shrimp floating heads are found, new water should be filled in time or oxygenation equipment should be activated. Water temperature, water level, inlet and outlet, and bait table, to keep abreast of the growth and feeding situation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii;

(6) Disease control: Macrobrachium rosenbergii has few diseases, and the concentration of 10ppm quicklime is regularly sprinkled in the ring ditch or field ditch every 10 days to prevent the occurrence of diseases; commonly used insecticidal lamps, natural enemies of pests, sex attractants, etc. are the first choice for rice disease control Physical and biological control methods, combined with the use of commonly used low-toxicity and low-residue biological pesticides. When spraying pesticides, the water level in the paddy field should be lowered in advance, so that the Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the paddy field can return to the ring ditch and the field ditch;

(7) Harvesting: After 120 days of cultivation in the paddy field, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught by net fishing or dry water method.

Example 3:

A method for cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a paddy field mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) Paddy field preparation

a. Select paddy fields with sufficient water sources, good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, no waterlogging during the rainy season, and good water retention performance;

b. Excavate a ring ditch around the paddy field. The bottom width of the ring ditch is 0.8m, the mouth width is 1.5m, and the depth is more than 1.5m. The slope ratio is 1:2. The total area of field ditch, ring ditch and field ditch shall not exceed 10% of the paddy field area;

c. Lay microporous aeration pipes in ring ditch and field ditch;

d. Reinforce the field ridge, and set up a protective net fixed with wooden sticks between the field ridge and the ring ditch;

e. Construct the inlet and outlet outlets according to the pattern of high irrigation and lower drainage, and set up 80-mesh mesh sheets at the inlet and outlet outlets to prevent the entry of harmful organisms;

(2) Preparation before putting seedlings

a. Disinfection of the whole field: plow the paddy field, 2000kg lump quicklime is slurried and then sprayed on the whole paddy field for disinfection while it is hot, so as to kill the harmful organisms in the field;

b. Planting aquatic plants: add water to the depth of 30cm in the ring ditch and the field ditch, and evenly plant the aquatic plants of Hydrilla verticillum, Erythrina chinensis and Elodea. The planting area of aquatic plants shall not exceed 40% of the total area of the ring ditch and the field ditch;

c. Transplanting: After the aquatic plants survive, continue to inject water in the paddy field to prepare for transplanting; select a tight-eared rice variety with a small leaf opening angle, resistance to diseases and insect pests, lodging resistance, and strong fertilizer tolerance, and transplant in the paddy field at a density of 30cm *15cm;

d. Reasonable fertilization: put the seedlings at a stable water temperature above 20°C, 7-10 days before the seedlings, make the water level of the paddy field stable at a depth of 10-20cm, sprinkle 6000kg of pig manure or rice bran that has been fermented for 20 days into the paddy field, and cultivate biological bait;

(3) Stocking of shrimp seedlings: select shrimp seedlings with a body length of 0.8-1cm, good health and vitality, and put them into the ring ditch in the morning or evening on a sunny day according to the breeding density of 15,000-20,000 to 20,000/mu, and put them in the field. Multi-point stocking in the ditch; when stocking, first float the shrimp bag containing the shrimp on the water surface, and when the difference in water temperature between the inside and outside of the bag is less than 1 degree, gently release the shrimp from the bag;

(4) Feed feeding: No feed is needed at the beginning after the seedlings are released, and artificial feed is gradually fed after 10 days. The daily feeding amount accounts for 5%-8% of the body weight of the shrimp. The feeding amount accounts for 32% of the daily feeding amount, and the afternoon feeding amount accounts for 68% of the daily feeding amount; when feeding, 70% of each feeding amount is fed in the ring ditch, and each feeding amount is fed in the rice field. 30% of the feeding amount for each feeding; it is advisable to feed the shrimp larvae within 1-2 hours each time, the specific feeding amount depends on the water temperature, weather and water quality, and the feed particle size is adjusted in time according to the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Among them, the feed is mainly fish meat and snail meat, and a small amount of special compound feed for Macrobrachium rosenbergii is supplemented to improve nutrition;

(5) Breeding management: keep the water quality fresh, and the water color should be light green. Change the water every 5-10 days. Intake the water to restore the water level. In the high temperature season, you generally choose to change the water in the morning, evening or rainy days. The frequency and amount of water change depend on the water quality; 1. On sunny days from 12:00 to 14:00 and on cloudy and rainy days, oxygenation facilities need to be turned on. When shrimp floating heads are found, new water should be filled in time or oxygenation equipment should be activated. Water temperature, water level, inlet and outlet, and bait table, to keep abreast of the growth and feeding situation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii;

(6) Disease control: Macrobrachium rosenbergii has few diseases, and the concentration of quicklime at a concentration of 10ppm is regularly sprinkled in the ring ditch or field ditch every 12 days to prevent the occurrence of diseases; commonly used insecticidal lamps, natural enemies of pests, and sex attractants are the first choice for rice disease control. Physical and biological control methods, combined with the use of commonly used low-toxicity and low-residue biological pesticides. When spraying pesticides, the water level in the paddy field should be lowered in advance, so that the Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the paddy field can return to the ring ditch and the field ditch;

(7) Harvesting: After 120 days of cultivation in the paddy field, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught by net fishing or dry water method.

Example 4:

A method for cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a paddy field mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) Paddy field preparation

a. Select paddy fields with sufficient water sources, good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, no waterlogging during the rainy season, and good water retention performance;

b. Excavate a ring ditch around the rice field. The bottom of the ring ditch is 1m wide, the mouth is 2m wide, and the depth is more than 1.5m. The slope ratio is 1:2. , the total area of ring ditches and field ditches shall not exceed 10% of the paddy field area;

c. Lay microporous aeration pipes in ring ditch and field ditch;

d. Reinforce the field ridge, and set up a protective net fixed with wooden sticks between the field ridge and the ring ditch;

e. Construct the inlet and outlet outlets according to the pattern of high irrigation and lower drainage, and set up 80-mesh mesh sheets at the inlet and outlet outlets to prevent the entry of harmful organisms;

(2) Preparation before putting seedlings

a. Disinfection of the whole field: plow the paddy field, 2000kg lump quicklime is slurried and then sprayed on the whole paddy field for disinfection while it is hot, so as to kill the harmful organisms in the field;

b. Plant aquatic plants: add water to the depth of 30cm in the ring ditch and the field ditch, and evenly plant the aquatic plants of Hydrilla verticillum, duckweed, water peanut, bitter grass and Elodea, the planting area of aquatic plants shall not exceed the ring ditch and the field ditch 40% of the total area;

c. Transplanting: After the aquatic plants survive, continue to inject water in the paddy field to prepare for transplanting; select a tight-eared rice variety with a small leaf opening angle, resistance to diseases and insect pests, lodging resistance, and strong fertilizer tolerance, and transplant in the paddy field at a density of 30cm *15cm;

d. Reasonable fertilization: put the seedlings at a stable water temperature above 20°C, 7-10 days before the seedlings, make the water level of the paddy field stable at a depth of 10-20cm, sprinkle 6000kg of chicken manure or straw fermented for 20 days into the paddy field, and cultivate biological bait;

(3) Stocking of shrimp seedlings: select shrimp seedlings with a body length of 0.8-1cm, good health and vitality, and put them into the ring ditch in the morning or evening on a sunny day according to the breeding density of 15,000-20,000 to 20,000/mu; when stocking, First float the shrimp bag containing the shrimp on the water surface, and when the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the bag is less than 1 degree, gently release the shrimp from the bag;

(4) Feed feeding: No feed is needed at the beginning after the seedlings are released, and artificial feed is gradually fed after 10 days. The daily feeding amount accounts for 5%-8% of the body weight of the shrimp. The feeding amount accounts for 35% of the daily feeding amount, and the afternoon feeding amount accounts for 65% of the daily feeding amount; when feeding, 70% of each feeding amount is fed in the ring ditch, and each feeding amount is fed in the rice field. 30% of the feeding amount for each feeding; it is advisable to feed the shrimp larvae within 1-2 hours each time, the specific feeding amount depends on the water temperature, weather and water quality, and the feed particle size is adjusted in time according to the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Among them, the feed is mainly fish meat and snail meat, and a small amount of special compound feed for Macrobrachium rosenbergii is supplemented to improve nutrition;

(5) Breeding management: keep the water quality fresh, and the water color should be light green. Change the water every 5-10 days. Intake the water to restore the water level. In the high temperature season, you generally choose to change the water in the morning, evening or rainy days. The frequency and amount of water change depend on the water quality; 1. On sunny days from 12:00 to 14:00 and on cloudy and rainy days, oxygenation facilities need to be turned on. When shrimp floating heads are found, new water should be filled in time or oxygenation equipment should be activated. Water temperature, water level, inlet and outlet, and bait table, to keep abreast of the growth and feeding situation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii;

(6) Disease control: Macrobrachium rosenbergii has few diseases, and the concentration of 5ppm quicklime is regularly sprinkled in the ring ditch and field ditch every 15 days to prevent the occurrence of diseases; commonly used insecticidal lamps, natural enemies of pests, and sex attractants are the first choice for rice disease control. Physical and biological control methods, combined with the use of commonly used low-toxicity and low-residue biological pesticides. When spraying pesticides, the water level in the paddy field should be lowered in advance, so that the Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the paddy field can return to the ring ditch and the field ditch;

(7) Harvesting: After 120 days of cultivation in the paddy field, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught by net fishing or dry water method.

Example 5:

A method for cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a paddy field mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) Paddy field preparation

a. Select paddy fields with sufficient water sources, good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, no waterlogging during the rainy season, and good water retention performance;

b. Excavate a ring ditch around the rice field. The bottom width of the ring ditch is 1m, the mouth width is 2m, and the depth is more than 1.5m. , the total area of ring ditches and field ditches shall not exceed 10% of the paddy field area;

c. Lay microporous aeration pipes in ring ditch and field ditch;

d. Reinforce the field ridge, and set up a protective net fixed with wooden sticks between the field ridge and the ring ditch;

e. Construct the inlet and outlet outlets according to the pattern of high irrigation and lower drainage, and set up 80-mesh mesh sheets at the inlet and outlet outlets to prevent the entry of harmful organisms;

(2) Preparation before putting seedlings

a. Disinfection of the whole field: plow the paddy field, 2000kg lump quicklime is slurried and then sprayed on the whole paddy field for disinfection while it is hot, so as to kill the harmful organisms in the field;

b. Planting aquatic plants: add water to the depth of 30cm in the ring ditch and the field ditch, and evenly plant the aquatic plants of water peanuts, bitter grass and Elodea, the planting area of aquatic plants shall not exceed 35% of the total area of the ring ditch and the field ditch;

c. Transplanting: After the aquatic plants survive, continue to inject water in the paddy field to prepare for transplanting; select a tight-eared rice variety with a small leaf opening angle, resistance to diseases and insect pests, lodging resistance, and strong fertilizer tolerance, and transplant in the paddy field at a density of 30cm *15cm;

d. Reasonable fertilization: put the seedlings at a stable water temperature above 20°C, 7-10 days before putting the seedlings, make the water level of the paddy field stable at a depth of 10-20cm, and sprinkle 6000kg of cow dung, rice bran or straw fermented for 18 days into the paddy field , to cultivate biological bait;

(3) Stocking of shrimp seedlings: select shrimp seedlings with a body length of 0.8-1cm, good health and vitality, and put them into the ring ditch in the morning or evening on a sunny day according to the breeding density of 15,000-20,000 to 20,000/mu; when stocking, First float the shrimp bag containing the shrimp on the water surface, and when the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the bag is less than 1 degree, gently release the shrimp from the bag;

(4) Feed feeding: No feed is needed at the beginning after the seedlings are released, and artificial feed is gradually fed after 10 days. The daily feeding amount accounts for 5%-8% of the body weight of the shrimp. The feeding amount accounts for 30% of the daily feeding amount, and the afternoon feeding amount accounts for 70% of the daily feeding amount; when feeding, 70% of each feeding amount is fed in the ring ditch, and each feeding amount is fed in the rice field. 30% of the feeding amount for each feeding; it is advisable to feed the shrimp larvae within 1-2 hours each time, the specific feeding amount depends on the water temperature, weather and water quality, and the feed particle size is adjusted in time according to the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Among them, the feed is mainly fish meat and snail meat, and a small amount of special compound feed for Macrobrachium rosenbergii is supplemented to improve nutrition;

(5) Breeding management: keep the water quality fresh, and the water color should be light green. Change the water every 5-10 days. Intake the water to restore the water level. In the high temperature season, you generally choose to change the water in the morning, evening or rainy days. The frequency and amount of water change depend on the water quality; 1. On sunny days from 12:00 to 14:00 and on cloudy and rainy days, oxygenation facilities need to be turned on. When shrimp floating heads are found, new water should be filled in time or oxygenation equipment should be activated. Water temperature, water level, inlet and outlet, and bait table, to keep abreast of the growth and feeding situation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii;

(6) Disease control: Macrobrachium rosenbergii has few diseases, and the concentration of 5ppm quicklime is regularly sprinkled in the ring ditch and field ditch every 15 days to prevent the occurrence of diseases; commonly used insecticidal lamps, natural enemies of pests, and sex attractants are the first choice for rice disease control. Physical and biological control methods, combined with the use of commonly used low-toxicity and low-residue biological pesticides. When spraying pesticides, the water level in the paddy field should be lowered in advance, so that the Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the paddy field can return to the ring ditch and the field ditch;

(7) Harvesting: After 120 days of cultivation in the paddy field, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught by net fishing or dry water method.

Comparative example:

Utilize the method for culturing in ponds to cultivate Macrobrachium rosenbergii, mainly comprising the following steps:

(1) Pond preparation

Choose a pond with sufficient water source, good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, water depth of 0.5-1.5m, pond-slope ratio of 1:2.5, area of 20 mu, solid ridge, sufficient sunlight, flat bottom of the pond, remove the silt in the pond, and freeze for 7 days , Lay microporous aeration pipes around the pool stem, equip a 3-kilowatt impeller aerator for every 3-5 mu of water surface, build the inlet and outlet according to the pattern of high irrigation and low drainage, and set 75 mesh at the inlet and outlet Mesh to prevent the entry of harmful organisms;

(2) Preparation before putting seedlings

a. Pond disinfection: Spray 2500kg of lump quicklime into the slurry while it is still hot in the whole pond for disinfection, so as to kill the harmful organisms in the pond;

b. Plant aquatic plants: add 30cm high water to the pond, and evenly plant aquatic plants, the planting area of aquatic plants is 1 mu;

d. Add organic fertilizer: 7-10 days before the seedlings are released, the pond water level is stable at 50-70cm high, and 10,000kg of chicken manure or straw fermented for 20 days is sprinkled into the pond to cultivate biological bait;

(3) Shrimp seedlings are put in a suitable place to breed: Select the shrimp seedlings with body length of 0.8-1cm, good health and vitality, and according to the breeding density of 20,000 tails/mu, in the morning on a sunny day, first float the bag of shrimp seedlings containing the seedlings on the On the water surface, release the shrimp seedlings from the bag to the pond when the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the bag is small;

(4) Feed feeding: No feed is needed at the beginning after the seedlings are released, and artificial compound feed is fed gradually after 10 days. The daily feeding amount accounts for 5%-8% of the shrimp body weight, and the feeding is divided into morning and afternoon twice a day. The amount of feeding in the morning accounts for 30% of the daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the afternoon accounts for 70% of the daily feeding amount; there are 8 bait platforms in the pond, and when feeding, they are evenly placed in the shallow water beside the pool; It is advisable to finish eating shrimp larvae within 1-2 hours. The specific feeding amount depends on the water temperature, weather and water quality, and the feed particle size is adjusted in time according to the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii;

(5) Breeding management: keep the water quality fresh, and the water color should be light green. Change the water every 5-10 days. Intake the water to restore the water level. In the high temperature season, you generally choose to change the water in the morning, evening or rainy days. The frequency and amount of water change depend on the water quality; 1. On sunny days from 12:00 to 14:00 and on cloudy and rainy days, oxygenation facilities need to be turned on. When shrimp floating heads are found, new water should be filled in time or oxygenation equipment should be activated. In serious cases, oxygenation drugs should be added; Sprinkle quicklime at a concentration of 5ppm in the pond to prevent diseases; patrol the pond every day, check the water temperature, water level, inlet and outlet, and bait table, and keep abreast of the growth and feeding situation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii;

(6) Harvesting: After 120 days of cultivation in the paddy field, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught by net fishing or dry water method.

All the above experiments were raised and managed by the same person, and the breeding results are as follows:

It can be seen from the above table that the Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivated by the method of the present invention has the advantages of no disease, high survival rate, fast growth rate, large individual, good meat quality and high yield.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of method of paddy field aquaculture Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which is characterized in that mainly include the following steps that：

（1）Rice field prepares：

A. selection have abundant water resources, the rice field that water quality is good, irrigation and drainage are convenient, rainy season is not flooded, water retention property is good；

B. circular groove is excavated in rice field surrounding, circular groove bottom width 0.5-1m, mouth width 1-2m, deep 1.5m or more, slope ratio is 1:1-2.5, rice Field area can excavate " ten " or " well " font field ditch when being more than 10 mu among rice field, and circular groove and the field ditch gross area are no more than The 10% of rice field area；

C. micro-pore oxygenation pipe is laid in circular groove and field ditch；

D. ridge, and the fixed protection network of setting waddy between ridge and circular groove are reinforced；

E. it is built into discharge outlet according to the high pattern for filling low row, and 60-80 mesh mesh sheet is being set into discharge outlet；

(2) prepare before putting seedling：

A. whole field disinfection：Plough whole rice field, and by 100kg/ mus by after lump lime slurrying, while hot entire rice field splash into Row disinfection；

B. kind plants water plant：Add water 30cm, and uniform planting aquatic plants, water plant planting area in circular groove and field ditch No more than the 30%-40% of circular groove and the field ditch gross area；

C. rice transplanting：After water plant survives, continue the water filling in rice field, prepares rice transplanting；Select blade spreading angle small, disease-resistant The strong tight fringe type rice varieties of insect pest, resistant to lodging and fertilizer tolerability, density of transplants 30cm*15cm；

D. the rational application of fertilizer：Water temperature stability puts seedling at 20 DEG C or more, puts before seedling 7-10 days, and water level in paddy field is made to stablize in 10-20cm It is deep, it is sprinkled into the organic fertilizer to ferment into rice field by 300-500kg/ mus, cultivates biological feed；

(3) shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed：The good shrimp seedling of a length of 0.8-1cm of selective body, physical health, vigor is cultivated according to ten thousand tails of 1.5-2/mu Density is thrown in the morning of fine day or dusk in circular groove；

（4）Bait feeding：After putting seedling just start that feed need not be fed, man-made feeds has gradually been fed after 10 days, day feeding volume accounts for The 5%-8% of shrimp weight is fed twice per natural gift morning and afternoon, and morning feeding volume accounts for the 30%-35% of day feeding volume, and afternoon, feeding volume accounted for The 65%-70% of day feeding volume；When feeding, the 70% of each feeding volume is fed in circular groove, and each feeding volume is fed in rice field 30%；Feeding to eat up with shrimp seedling young 1-2h every time is advisable, and specific feeding volume is depending on water temperature, weather and water quality situation, feed Grain size adjusts in time according to Macrobrachium rosenbergii growing state；

（5）Aquaculture management：Keep water quality salubrious, water colour is advisable with light green, and water is primary, and quantity of exchanged water is generally rice per changing within 5-10 days The 1/5 of water in field amount, when draining, notice that water velocity cannot be too fast, and should intake recovery water levelx in time after draining, and high temperature season is general It selects morning, evening or rainy days to change water, changes water frequency and quantity of exchanged water depending on water quality situation；To keep water body dissolved oxygen amount to exist 5mg/L or more, daily 22 points to 7 points of next day, 12 points of fine day to 14 points and rainy days be required for opening ooxygenation facility, when finding have When shrimp raises the nose above water to breathe, new water should be perfused in time or start oxygen increasing equipment, oxygenation drug should be also launched when situation is serious；The pool is patrolled daily, is examined It looks into water temperature, water level, into discharge outlet and bait table, understands the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, situation of ingesting in time；

（6）Disease control：Macrobrachium rosenbergii disease is less, and it is anti-that circular groove a concentration of 5-10ppm quick limes of splashing were scheduled on every 10-15 days Only disease occurs；Physics, the biological control methods such as rice disease prevention preferred common trapping lamp, pest natural enemy, gyplure, match It closes the biological pesticide using common low toxicity, low-residual, when spraying pesticide, water level in paddy field should be reduced in advance, make sieve in rice field Family name pond crayfish returns to circular groove and field ditch；

（7）Fishing：After being cultivated 120 days in rice field, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught using seine fishing or solid carbon dioxide method.

2. the method for paddy field aquaculture Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（2）In it is aquatic Plant is one or more in hydrilla verticillata, duckweed, water peanut, eel grass, waterweed；The organic fertilizer is with chicken manure, ox Excrement, pig manure, rice chaff or stalk are used through everfermentation after 15-20 days.

3. the method for paddy field aquaculture Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（3）Middle shrimp seedling Stocking method be：First the shrimp seedling bag equipped with shrimp seedling is floated on the surface, when water temperature difference being waited inside and outside bags to be less than 1 degree, shrimp seedling It is gently released out of bag.

4. the method for paddy field aquaculture Macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（4）In people For work feed to feed the flesh of fish, based on spiral shell meat, auxiliary feeds a small amount of Macrobrachium rosenbergii special compound feed to improve nutrition.