CN103392642B - Method for breeding mandarin fish by utilizing microorganic feed - Google Patents
Method for breeding mandarin fish by utilizing microorganic feed Download PDFInfo
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- 241000404975 Synchiropus splendidus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 230000002354 daily Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000002515 guano Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229940088594 Vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
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- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 241000604933 Bdellovibrio Species 0.000 claims description 7
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- ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N Matrine Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2CN3C(=O)CCC[C@@H]3[C@@H]3[C@H]2N1CCC3 ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- 210000000582 Semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000003377 Shepherdia canadensis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018324 Shepherdia canadensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001263603 Stellera Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000032846 Zanthoxylum bungeanum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930007890 camphor Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N water-d2 Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002906 microbiologic Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940062672 CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L Cobalt(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Iron(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Monopotassium phosphate Chemical group [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940045997 Vitamin A Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N edta Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003471 retinol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000020673 eicosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
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- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N Eicosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 241000489963 Anabantoidei Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075615 Bacillus subtilis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanogen Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001262815 Dactylogyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269799 Perca fluviatilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000276618 Perciformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 Poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
Disclosed is a method for breeding mandarin fish by utilizing microorganic feed. The method includes that: a pond is built; the pond requires a sandy bottom, about 15cm of sludge in depth, deeper than 1.5m of water, convenient irrigation and drainage, good water quality and no sewage inflow; environment requires: parent fish are selected at the most suitable growing water temperature which is 25-29 DEG C in artificial breeding application; in winter and spring, the parent fish healthy in physique and woundless in body surfaces are captured from a breeding pond and put into the pond in a greenhouse for artificial reproduction; the parent fish are put into the pond in the greenhouse for cultivation, and during daily breeding management, in the breeding period, the feed is put for 4 times every day, the amount of the feed is calculated according to 25-50% of the weight of the fish, and the feeding degree is determined according to the fact that no fish competes for food and is flexibly mastered according to weather conditions. Due to the addition of the compound microorganic feed, quick growth of the mandarin fish can be facilitated, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) content is increased, illness of the mandarin fish is decreased, the mandarin fish died of disease are decreased, beneficial microorganisms in water are increased, and quality and mass are increased finally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for aquaculture, especially a kind of method utilizing microbiological feed to cultivate mandarin fish.
Background technology
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), has another name called mandarin fish, mandarin fish, is subordinate to Perciformes, Anabantoidei, Sushi section, mandarin fish genus.Mandarin fish shape is as the perch in Songjiang, spinosity on wing, the famous and precious economic freshwater cultured fishes of one of China, delicious meat, nutritious, containing higher protein and several amino acids, have medicinal function, economic worth is very high, clear Zhang Zhi and the verse having " peach blossom flowing water mandarin fish is fertile ", dark in consumers, wide market.Meanwhile, along with the needs of culture fishery Cultivar replacing, structural adjustment, have also been obtained as the mandarin fish cultivation in the cultivation of special aquatic products product and develop rapidly, cultured area constantly increases.But owing to being subject to the restriction of the factors such as geographical position weather, picking fish artificial propagation and can carry out in the first tenday period of a month in May under the normal temperature condition of this area, have impact on vegetative period then, extends the culture-cycle of forming listing, cultivate then and cannot form listing then, be unfavorable for the raising of production and benefit; And the seed introduced from south, do not focus on the purification and rejuvenation of kind of matter owing to breeding for a long time, add the impact of the factor such as weather conditions, transport, its cultivation risk is more and more higher, has had a strong impact on the healthy and rapid development of mandarin fish aquaculture.Existing single type fish guano and compound fish guano also have a common shortcoming, and that can not be killed harmful bacteria, worm exactly, therefore, lack the effect effectively prevented and treated fish disease.Can be increased the content of beneficial bacterium in fishpond by microorganism compound fish guano, the effective generation reducing fish diseases, does not also report about being exclusively used in this complex microorganism fish guano at present.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of method utilizing microbiological feed to cultivate mandarin fish, comprises the following steps:
1) pond is built: pond requires the sandy end, mud about 15cm, more than depth of water 1.5m, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water quality is good, flows into without sewage, and having the fishpond of a small amount of heavy water-based pasture and water, pond surrounding also will dig a dark circle shallow ridges for 30-40cm, so that the fishing for of this fish; The sterilization of full pond is carried out, quicklime consumption 150 kg/km with quicklime or bleaching powder
2~ 200 kg/km
2, bleaching powder 15kg/km
2, sterilization terminates, and pond intakes, and water quality transparency is too large, and the fertilizer rich water of available inorganic fertilizer or fermentation cultivates the underlying biological bait in water, consumption: inorganic fertilizer 3 kg/km
2~ 5 kg/km
2, fertilizer 30kg/km
2~ 5 0kg/km
2;
2) environmental requirement: the most suitable growth water temperature propagated artificially in application is 25-29 DEG C, therefore propagate artificially when passing the winter, need lid winter canopy cold-proof; The most suitable growth salinity propagated artificially in application is 5-8 ‰, and dissolved oxygen General Requirements reaches more than 3.5mg/L, during high-density breeding, and more than dissolved oxygen 5mg/L; Breeding water is generally direct from seabeach or lead to the rivers with certain salinity with marine facies and directly quote, and water quality meets national water quality standard for fishery (GB11607-89), and must not have pollution;
3) select parent population at winter-spring season, physique stalwartness is fished for from cultivating pool, the pond that body surface puts into greenhouse without the parent population hindered cultivates, for artificial propagation, the cultivation parent population of parent population puts into the pond in greenhouse, cultivate after body surface sterilization, cultivate in pond sufficient agreeable to the taste living bait fish of regularly throwing something and feeding, keep pond water quality pure and fresh, every morning soil pick-up 1 time, carry out weekly a water quality monitoring, Chi Shui is exchanged in time according to mensuration situation and daily observation situation, each exchange amount is 1/3 ~ 1/2 of former Chi Shui, every day, 24h drove air pump by bubble head blowing aeration, the raising progressively of regulation and control water temperature,
4) put seedling, put seedling: put 10-15d before seedling, slowly intake with 60-80 order silk cover filtering, start during depth of water 1.0m to train water, getting fat, and slowly water inlet stops to 2.0m, specification is the seed of 2.0-3.0cm/ tail, and its cultivation density is generally 10,000-12,000 tail/mu.After putting 20-30d in a suitable place to breed, after specification reaches 5.0-6.0cm/ tail, started screening to support, the seed of different size is divided cultivate in the different interval in different ponds or same pond, so that the uniform fry of specification concentrates on same pond or same interval, adult fish after cultivation can be avoided the peak hour listing, can avoid risk, can reach the most rational interests again;
5) feed preparation: prepared by feed: its raw material comprises the composition of following weight ratio: bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 2-4 part, ferment bacterium 1-4 part, solid photosynthetic bacteria 0.5-0.9 part, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio 0.8-1.2 part, vitamin additive 0.2-0.6 part, mineral matter additive 10-16 part, chelating agent 0.2-0.4 part, weter hyacinth 60-80 part, edible fungi residue 50-80 part, vinasse 100-110 part, fishbone dust 40-60 part, rice bran 70-80 part, brown sugar 10-16 part, kongpo monkshood root 45-55 part, semen momordicae 40-50 part, Chinese Stellera Root 1-15 part, lupulus 5-10 part, matrine 5-10 part, Golden Larch Bark 10-15 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo seed coat 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part, fructus ulmi 10-15 part, camphor 5-15 part, preparation comprises the following steps: first weter hyacinth, edible fungi residue, vinasse dry to water content below 40% by (1) in the sun, then add fishbone dust, rice bran, brown sugar according to described ratio, fully stir, mix, (2) in said mixture, add dissolved bacillus subtilis bacteria powder and ferment bacterium according to described ratio, then inserted in pond by above-mentioned substance and mix corruption and macerate, plastic film on upper cap, carries out 3-5 days pre fermentation, then plastic film is thrown off, and stir, allow mixture contact oxygen, gradually raised temperature, from normal temperature to 45 DEG C, keep continuing turning after 2-3 days, be then raised to 60 DEG C from 45 DEG C, the retention time is 3-5 days, then normal temperature is cooled the temperature to, keep 7-10 days, until slaking completely, ferment complete, (3) solid photosynthetic bacteria, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio are dissolved in water, join in said mixture, stir, (4) by above-mentioned fermentation product, air dry in the sun, moisture content of material is made to be less than 25%, add kongpo monkshood root 45-55 part, semen momordicae 40-50 part, Chinese Stellera Root 1-15 part, lupulus 5-10 part, matrine 5-10 part, Golden Larch Bark 10-15 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo seed coat 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part, fructus ulmi 10-15 part, then camphor 5-15 part pulverizes, pulverizing fineness is by without screen pulverizer, in material, mineral matter additive is added after pulverizing, chelating agent and vitamin additive, mix and obtain microbial fish guano,
Described vitamin additive component formula ratio is: vitamin A, C, E mix with the weight ratio of 2:3:5.Described mineral matter additive is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15%, ferrous sulfate 2-5%, zinc sulphate 1-2%, manganese sulphate 0.8-1%, borax 0.3-0.5%, cobalt sulphate 0.03-0.06%, rare earth 0.2-0.6%, and all the other add salt to 100%.Described chelating agent is that sodium humate and EDTA mix with the weight ratio of 1:1-2.
6) daily aquaculture management: during cultivation, need throw and raise 4 times every day, throws the amount of raising and calculates by fish body weight 25%-50%, raising without striving food phenomenon for degree, living grasp depending on weather condition throwing.Throw feeding method for slowly to jettisoning, the 4th should front throwing be raised between the lights, and every 10-15d can carry out the mensuration of the indexs such as dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide, transparency, its normal range (NR): dissolved oxygen >=3.5mg/L; PH, 7.5-8.8; Ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L; Cultured water≤0.2mg/L; Hydrogen sulphide≤0.1mg/L; Transparency, 20-40cm.
The environment of the input of mandarin fish seed is 1) water temperature: preference temperature is 5 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, optimum growth temperature 13 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, ingests lower than stopping when 5 DEG C; Dissolved oxygen: the dissolved oxygen of suitable growth requires 5 m g/more than L; The suitableeest salinity range 26.5 ‰ ~ 32.5 ‰; The suitableeest scope 7.6 ~ 8.6 of pH; Ammonia nitrogen: (NH
3-N)≤0 .02 m g/L; Nitrite :≤0.1mg/L; H
2s: must not detect; Transparency 50cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) with the addition of fish produce required for organic matter and inorganic mineral, trace element can provide comprehensive nutrition to the growth of fish;
(2) with the addition of bacillus subtilis, ferment bacterium and bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio, can the harmful bacteria in fishpond be killed, suppress the flourish of pathogen in water body, reduce the generation of disease, improve the yield and quality of fish.
(3) with the addition of solid photosynthetic bacteria, the noxious material such as nitrite, sulphide can degraded in water body, and the organic waste water of high concentration can be restrained oneself, have the poisonous substance such as phenol, cyanogen and necessarily stand Sum decomposition ability, there is stronger decomposition and inversion ability, reduce the accumulation of noxious material in fish body.
(4) these mushrooms added, can continue breeding in water body, expand survival rate, the balance maintaining microorganisms in water is had a very important role, and microecological balance in adjustment fish body enteron aisle can be regulated, and can also the Harmful Residue in decomposer, strengthen fingerling premunition.
(5) Chinese medicine sterilizing composition is little on natural enemy of fish impact, contributes to keeping ecotope, more friendly to environment, to Dactylogyrus, Trichodina desinsection better, meet nuisanceless, green production requirement.
Embodiment
Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment only in order to the present invention is described, instead of in order to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Utilize microbiological feed to cultivate a method for mandarin fish, comprise the following steps:
1) pond is built: pond requires the sandy end, mud about 15cm, more than depth of water 1.5m, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water quality is good, flows into without sewage, and having the fishpond of a small amount of heavy water-based pasture and water, pond surrounding also will dig a dark circle shallow ridges for 30-40cm, so that the fishing for of this fish; The sterilization of full pond is carried out, quicklime consumption 150 kg/km with quicklime or bleaching powder
2~ 200 kg/km
2, bleaching powder 15kg/km
2, sterilization terminates, and pond intakes, and water quality transparency is too large, and the fertilizer rich water of available inorganic fertilizer or fermentation cultivates the underlying biological bait in water, consumption: inorganic fertilizer 3 kg/km
2~ 5 kg/km
2, fertilizer 30kg/km
2~ 5 0kg/km
2;
2) environmental requirement: the most suitable growth water temperature propagated artificially in application is 25-29 DEG C, therefore propagate artificially when passing the winter, need lid winter canopy cold-proof; The most suitable growth salinity propagated artificially in application is 5-8 ‰, and dissolved oxygen General Requirements reaches more than 3.5mg/L, during high-density breeding, and more than dissolved oxygen 5mg/L; Breeding water is generally direct from seabeach or lead to the rivers with certain salinity with marine facies and directly quote, and water quality meets national water quality standard for fishery (GB11607-89), and must not have pollution;
3) select parent population at winter-spring season, physique stalwartness is fished for from cultivating pool, the pond that body surface puts into greenhouse without the parent population hindered cultivates, for artificial propagation, the cultivation parent population of parent population puts into the pond in greenhouse, cultivate after body surface sterilization, cultivate in pond sufficient agreeable to the taste living bait fish of regularly throwing something and feeding, keep pond water quality pure and fresh, every morning soil pick-up 1 time, carry out weekly a water quality monitoring, Chi Shui is exchanged in time according to mensuration situation and daily observation situation, each exchange amount is 1/3 ~ 1/2 of former Chi Shui, every day, 24h drove air pump by bubble head blowing aeration, the raising progressively of regulation and control water temperature,
4) put seedling, put seedling: put 10-15d before seedling, slowly intake with 60-80 order silk cover filtering, start during depth of water 1.0m to train water, getting fat, and slowly water inlet stops to 2.0m, specification is the seed of 2.0-3.0cm/ tail, and its cultivation density is generally 10,000-12,000 tail/mu.After putting 20-30d in a suitable place to breed, after specification reaches 5.0-6.0cm/ tail, started screening to support, the seed of different size is divided cultivate in the different interval in different ponds or same pond, so that the uniform fry of specification concentrates on same pond or same interval, adult fish after cultivation can be avoided the peak hour listing, can avoid risk, can reach the most rational interests again;
5) feed preparation: its raw material of feed comprises the composition of following weight ratio: bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 2-4 part, ferment bacterium 1-4 part, solid photosynthetic bacteria 0.5-0.9 part, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio 0.8-1.2 part, vitamin additive 0.2-0.6 part, mineral matter additive 10-16 part, chelating agent 0.2-0.4 part, weter hyacinth 60-80 part, edible fungi residue 50-80 part, vinasse 100-110 part, fishbone dust 40-60 part, rice bran 70-80 part, brown sugar 10-16 part, kongpo monkshood root 45-55 part, semen momordicae 40-50 part, Chinese Stellera Root 1-15 part, lupulus 5-10 part, matrine 5-10 part, Golden Larch Bark 10-15 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo seed coat 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part, fructus ulmi 10-15 part, camphor 5-15 part, preparation comprises the following steps: first weter hyacinth, edible fungi residue, vinasse dry to water content below 40% by (1) in the sun, then add fishbone dust, rice bran, brown sugar according to described ratio, fully stir, mix, (2) in said mixture, add dissolved bacillus subtilis bacteria powder and ferment bacterium according to described ratio, then inserted in pond by above-mentioned substance and mix corruption and macerate, plastic film on upper cap, carries out 3-5 days pre fermentation, then plastic film is thrown off, and stir, allow mixture contact oxygen, gradually raised temperature, from normal temperature to 45 DEG C, keep continuing turning after 2-3 days, be then raised to 60 DEG C from 45 DEG C, the retention time is 3-5 days, then normal temperature is cooled the temperature to, keep 7-10 days, until slaking completely, ferment complete, (3) solid photosynthetic bacteria, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio are dissolved in water, join in said mixture, stir, (4) by above-mentioned fermentation product, air dry in the sun, moisture content of material is made to be less than 25%, add kongpo monkshood root 45-55 part, semen momordicae 40-50 part, Chinese Stellera Root 1-15 part, lupulus 5-10 part, matrine 5-10 part, Golden Larch Bark 10-15 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo seed coat 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part, fructus ulmi 10-15 part, then camphor 5-15 part pulverizes, pulverizing fineness is by without screen pulverizer, in material, mineral matter additive is added after pulverizing, chelating agent and vitamin additive, mix and obtain microbial fish guano,
Described vitamin additive component formula ratio is: vitamin A, C, E mix with the weight ratio of 2:3:5.Described mineral matter additive is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15%, ferrous sulfate 2-5%, zinc sulphate 1-2%, manganese sulphate 0.8-1%, borax 0.3-0.5%, cobalt sulphate 0.03-0.06%, rare earth 0.2-0.6%, and all the other add salt to 100%.Described chelating agent is that sodium humate and EDTA mix with the weight ratio of 1:1-2.
6) daily aquaculture management: during cultivation, need throw and raise 4 times every day, throws the amount of raising and calculates by fish body weight 25%-50%, raising without striving food phenomenon for degree, living grasp depending on weather condition throwing.Throw feeding method for slowly to jettisoning, the 4th should front throwing be raised between the lights, and every 10-15d can carry out the mensuration of the indexs such as dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide, transparency, its normal range (NR): dissolved oxygen >=3.5mg/L; PH, 7.5-8.8; Ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L; Cultured water≤0.2mg/L; Hydrogen sulphide≤0.1mg/L; Transparency, 20-40cm.
The environment of the input of mandarin fish seed is 1) water temperature: preference temperature is 5 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, optimum growth temperature 13 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, ingests lower than stopping when 5 DEG C; Dissolved oxygen: the dissolved oxygen of suitable growth requires 5 m g/more than L; The suitableeest salinity range 26.5 ‰ ~ 32.5 ‰; The suitableeest scope 7.6 ~ 8.6 of pH; Ammonia nitrogen: (NH
3-N)≤0 .02 m g/L; Nitrite :≤0.1mg/L; H
2s: must not detect; Transparency 50cm.
Embodiment 2
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
At the mandarin fish juvenile stage of growth, pull out, point support in the middle of five ponds, 500, every pond, in four ponds, throwing in the microorganism sweet osmanthus fish guano of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and common sweet osmanthus fish guano respectively according to the injected volume of every mu of 200kg, (contrast 1, originates from
beijing Century AMMS Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), sweet osmanthus fish guano (contrast 2) is not thrown in another one pond, but throws in the common fish food of same amount, remaining feeding amount was identical, and culture environment is identical, through the cultivation of 2-4 month, contrast the upgrowth situation of its output and mandarin fish, specifically as shown in Table 1 and Table 2:
Microorganism shrimp prepared by table 1 the present invention is fertile compares with contrast 1
| Output increases (%) | Individual growth (%) | Fish reduction of dying of illness (%) | EPA content increment (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 26 | 21 | 11 | 13 |
Microorganism shrimp prepared by table 2 the present invention is fertile compares with contrast 2
| Output increases (%) | Fish body increases (%) | Fish reduction of dying of illness (%) | EPA content increment (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 31 | 23 | 20 | 36 |
Contrast through table 1, table 2 can find, adds the quick growth that composite microbe fertilizer of the present invention can promote mandarin fish, and EPA content increases, disease reduces, mandarin fish of dying of illness reduces, and also make the beneficial microbe in water body increase, final quality and quality are all improved simultaneously.
Claims (1)
1. utilize microbiological feed to cultivate a method for mandarin fish, comprise the following steps:
1) pond is built: pond requires the sandy end, mud about 15cm, more than depth of water 1.5m, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water quality is good, flows into without sewage, and has the fishpond of a small amount of heavy water-based pasture and water, and pond surrounding also will be dug and deeply be enclosed shallow ridges for one of 30-40cm, so that the fishing for of this fish; The sterilization of full pond is carried out, quicklime consumption 150kg/km with quicklime or bleaching powder
2~ 200kg/km
2, bleaching powder 15kg/km
2, sterilization terminates, and pond intakes, and water quality transparency is too large, with the fertilizer rich water of inorganic fertilizer or fermentation, cultivates the underlying biological bait in water, consumption: inorganic fertilizer 3kg/km
2~ 5kg/km
2, fertilizer 30kg/km
2~ 50kg/km
2;
2) environmental requirement: the most suitable growth water temperature propagated artificially in application is 25-29 DEG C, therefore propagate artificially when passing the winter, need lid winter canopy cold-proof; The most suitable growth salinity propagated artificially in application is 5-8 ‰, and dissolved oxygen requires to reach more than 3.5mg/L, during high-density breeding, and more than dissolved oxygen 5mg/L; Breeding water is directly from seabeach or lead to the rivers with certain salinity with marine facies and directly quote, and water quality meets national water quality standard for fishery (GB11607-89), and must not have pollution;
3) parent population is selected: at winter-spring season, physique stalwartness is fished for from cultivating pool, the pond that body surface puts into greenhouse without the parent population hindered cultivates, for artificial propagation, the cultivation of parent population: parent population puts into the pond in greenhouse, cultivate after body surface sterilization, cultivate in pond sufficient agreeable to the taste living bait fish of regularly throwing something and feeding, keep pond water quality pure and fresh, every morning soil pick-up 1 time, carry out weekly a water quality monitoring, Chi Shui is exchanged in time according to mensuration situation and daily observation situation, each exchange amount is 1/3 ~ 1/2 of former Chi Shui, every day, 24h drove air pump by bubble head blowing aeration, the raising progressively of regulation and control water temperature,
4) put seedling: put 10-15d before seedling, slowly intake, start to train water, getting fat during depth of water 1.0m with 60-80 order silk cover filtering, and slowly water inlet stops to 2.0m, specification is the seed of 2.0-3.0cm/ tail, and its cultivation density is 10,000-12,000 tail/mu;
After putting 20-30d in a suitable place to breed, after specification reaches 5.0-6.0cm/ tail, started screening to support, the seed of different size is divided cultivate in the different interval in different ponds or same pond, so that the uniform fry of specification concentrates on same pond or same interval, adult fish after cultivation can be avoided the peak hour listing, can avoid risk, can reach the most rational interests again;
5) feed preparation: its raw material comprises the composition of following weight ratio: bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 2-4 part, ferment bacterium 1-4 part, solid photosynthetic bacteria 0.5-0.9 part, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio 0.8-1.2 part, vitamin additive 0.2-0.6 part, mineral matter additive 10-16 part, chelating agent 0.2-0.4 part, weter hyacinth 60-80 part, edible fungi residue 50-80 part, vinasse 100-110 part, fishbone dust 40-60 part, rice bran 70-80 part, brown sugar 10-16 part, kongpo monkshood root 45-55 part, semen momordicae 40-50 part, Chinese Stellera Root 1-15 part, lupulus 5-10 part, matrine 5-10 part, Golden Larch Bark 10-15 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo seed coat 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part, fructus ulmi 10-15 part, camphor 5-15 part, preparation comprises the following steps: first weter hyacinth, edible fungi residue, vinasse dry to water content below 40% by (1) in the sun, then add fishbone dust, rice bran, brown sugar, fully stir, mix, (2) in said mixture, add dissolved bacillus subtilis bacteria powder and ferment bacterium according to weight ratio, then inserted in pond by above-mentioned substance and mix corruption and macerate, plastic film on upper cap, carries out 3-5 days pre fermentation, then plastic film is thrown off, and stir, allow mixture contact oxygen, gradually raised temperature, from normal temperature to 45 DEG C, keep continuing turning after 2-3 days, be then raised to 60 DEG C from 45 DEG C, the retention time is 3-5 days, then normal temperature is cooled the temperature to, keep 7-10 days, until slaking completely, ferment complete, (3) solid photosynthetic bacteria, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio are dissolved in water, join in said mixture, stir, (4) by above-mentioned fermentation product, airing in the sun, moisture content of material is made to be less than 25%, add kongpo monkshood root 45-55 part, semen momordicae 40-50 part, Chinese Stellera Root 1-15 part, lupulus 5-10 part, matrine 5-10 part, Golden Larch Bark 10-15 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo seed coat 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part, fructus ulmi 10-15 part, then camphor 5-15 part pulverizes, pulverizing fineness is by without screen pulverizer, in material, mineral matter additive is added after pulverizing, chelating agent and vitamin additive, mix and obtain microbial fish guano,
Described vitamin additive component formula ratio is: vitamin A, C, E mix with the weight ratio of 2:3:5;
Described mineral matter additive is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15%, ferrous sulfate 2-5%, zinc sulphate 1-2%, manganese sulphate 0.8-1%, borax 0.3-0.5%, cobalt sulphate 0.03-0.06%, rare earth 0.2-0.6%, and all the other add salt to 100%;
Described chelating agent is that sodium humate and EDTA mix with the weight ratio of 1:1-2;
6) daily aquaculture management: during cultivation, need throw and raise 4 times every day, throws the amount of raising and calculates by fish body weight 25%-50%, raising without striving food phenomenon for degree, living grasp depending on weather condition throwing;
Throw feeding method for slowly to jettisoning, the 4th should front throwing be raised between the lights, and every 10-15d carries out the mensuration of dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide, transparency index, its normal range (NR): dissolved oxygen >=3.5mg/L; PH, 7.5-8.8; Ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L; Cultured water≤0.2mg/L; Hydrogen sulphide≤0.1mg/L; Transparency, 20-40cm.
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| CN103734047A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-23 | 德清县吴越水产养殖有限公司 | Fish cultivating method for improving high temperature resistance and reducing disasters |
| CN103704509A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-09 | 沙洲职业工学院 | Method for preparing slow release feed for carps by adopting nano materials |
| CN103749979B (en) * | 2014-01-04 | 2015-12-30 | 江苏天福莱集团有限公司 | A kind of method of supporting in process heavy metal of degrading aquatic livestock temporarily |
| CN104026417B (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-04-06 | 谢松芬 | A kind of mandarin fish culturing feed |
| CN104304108A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-28 | 陈辉 | Technical method using biogas fermentation residues to culture fingerlings |
| CN105265388B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-11-09 | 滁州市南谯区长江水产良种繁育场 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of mandarin fish and Chinese grass tortoise mixed breeding |
| CN105248330B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-03-20 | 滁州市南谯区长江水产良种繁育场 | A kind of method of family pond mandarin fish aquaculture management |
| CN106359202B (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2019-04-16 | 刘兴海 | Prevent the cultural method of Penaeus Vannmei virus evil |
| CN106858178A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-06-20 | 广西金臣科技有限公司 | A kind of fry mixed feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN110627564A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-31 | 云南省渔业科学研究院（云南省渔业病害防治和质量检测中心） | Biological fish manure for aquaculture and preparation method thereof |
| CN112205327A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-12 | 广东梁氏水产种业有限公司 | Application of lactobacillus plantarum in improving domestication rate of artificial feed for siniperca chuatsi |
| CN112106704A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2020-12-22 | 广东梁氏水产种业有限公司 | Application of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in improvement of domestication rate of siniperca chuatsi artificial feed |
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