CN103355235A - Efficient feed breeding method for chicken lobsters - Google Patents
Efficient feed breeding method for chicken lobsters Download PDFInfo
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- CN103355235A CN103355235A CN201310308960XA CN201310308960A CN103355235A CN 103355235 A CN103355235 A CN 103355235A CN 201310308960X A CN201310308960X A CN 201310308960XA CN 201310308960 A CN201310308960 A CN 201310308960A CN 103355235 A CN103355235 A CN 103355235A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient feed breeding method for chicken lobsters. According to the method, a paddy field having the characteristics of sufficient water source, convenience in irrigation and drainage, high water retaining capacity, drought resistance on dry weather, flooding resistance, good ecological environment, freeness from surrounding pollution source, rich soil and natural substrate structure is selected, and ctenopharyngodon idellus, aristichthys nobilis fries, river snails and the like are put into the paddy field after juvenile chicken lobsters are stocked. As proved by comparison, by adding a compound microorganism fertilizer, rapid growth of chicken lobsters can be promoted, the content of EPA (Eicosapntemacnioc Acid) is increased, and diseases of chicken lobsters are reduced, chicken lobsters died due to diseases are reduced; and meanwhile, beneficial microorganisms in water bodies are increased, and the final quality is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for aquaculture, especially a kind of cray high-efficiency feed cultural method.
Background technology
Cray is risen in the North America, is commonly called as freshwater crayfish, from classification, belongs to the Crustachia Arthropoda.In introducing after nineteen twenty-nine, spreaded all at present the whole nation.Along with improving constantly of people's living standard, apparent consumption and export volume rapid growth, and natural wild resource does not satisfy demand far away.Therefore, satisfy the unique selection of day by day export processing and market comsupton demand by artificial science freshwater aquiculture.Current, the lower three kinds of forms of main method of cray cultivation: 1, throw in the seed shrimp form, 2, throw in the shrimp with ovums form, 3, put the shrimp form of educating in a suitable place to breed.The first form of putting in a suitable place to breed is to put seed shrimp in a suitable place to breed about January before 7-8 month rice harvesting, is not only just locating high temperature this period but also is again the busy season that paddy rice is used agricultural chemicals, causes easily the decline of lobster survival rate, and the young lobster growth rate that goes out of the ovum time lengthening that slows down.The second form is to throw in shrimp with ovums after 9-10 month semilate rice harvesting, and the vegetative period of juvenile prawn is shorter, and might extend to after May in the coming year from time reckoning could list marketing, and the height product shrimp quantity of selling does not reach the specification requirement of height product shrimp.The third form is to put juvenile prawn in a suitable place to breed after the semilate rice results, but it is few to purchase the juvenile prawn quantity that arrives, and purchasing price is higher, and production cost increases synchronously thereupon, causes equally the benefit reduction that cultivates, causes unintentionally the vicious circle in the breeding process.The cultivation of three kinds of forms, especially paddy field aquaculture form are divided into the open loop ditch and do not ditch two kinds.The cultivation form of trench digging can be brought the rice field to level quantities and strengthen, and dropping into relatively increases, both time-consuming and effort; Although the form quantities of not ditching is little, drop into to reduce, give and fish for and increased difficulty, and the corresponding reduction of output.More than three kinds of cultivation forms from actual cultivation situation, both can't keep away heavy can not easily lift just light, Here it is directly obstacle one of key factor of rice field spread cultivation cray.Existing single type fish guano and compound fish guano also have a common shortcoming, and that can not be killed harmful bacteria, worm exactly, therefore, lack the effectively effect of control of fish disease.Can increase the content of beneficial bacterium in the fishpond by the compound fish guano of microorganism, effectively reduce the generation of fish diseases, at present about being exclusively used in also report not of this complex microorganism fish guano.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of cray rice field fresh water high-efficiency breeding method may further comprise the steps:
Prepare in the rice field: select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water retention capacity is strong, the Heavenly Stems are not non-irrigated, and flood does not flood, and ecotope is good, pollution-free source on every side, fertile soil, the rice field of substrate natural structure, the excavation annular is supported the shrimp ditch around along ridge inboard, rice field, 2 meters dark 1 meter of furrow width, and annular is supported the shrimp ditch away from 2 meters of ridges, the turning is curved, excavation " ten " font or " one " font field ditch between Tanaka, 0.5～1 meter of field furrow width, dark 0.5 meter.Annular ditch and field ditch area account for rice field area 5%～10%, utilize the soil of ditching to widen, increase, reinforce peripheral ridge, the wide 2--3 rice of ridge end face, exceed at least 0.8 meter in field face, ridge will be tamped, and with water-impervious or cave in, water level generally should be kept above field face 30--60 centimetre; Dwell at the bottom of the cray and creep and to go up against the current north ability stronger, therefore will note anti-escaping.The drainage mouth of supporting the shrimp rice field will be set up defences and be escaped facility, and water inlet is with 20 ~ 40 purpose net sheet filtered water inlets, and discharge outlet also will surround with close net, flows and flees to prevent that freshwater crayfish from relieving oedema or abdominal distension through diuresis or purgation; Will enclose with 70 centimetres wide close eye net sheet or asbestos shingle on the ridge around the rice field and block, net sheet lower end is buried in the earth 20 centimetres, and native top is divided into 90 degree and slopes inwardly;
Cray is put in a suitable place to breed: juvenile prawn is put in a suitable place to breed and mainly takes three kinds of patterns: first young shrimp of putting then hatching summer in a suitable place to breed is main, and the time of putting in a suitable place to breed is in mid or late July, and every mu of stocking size is young shrimp 30,000 tails-40,000 tail more than 0.8 centimetre; Large specification shrimp seedling or the shrimp species putting in a suitable place to breed autumn to cultivate then are main, put in a suitable place to breed the time mid-August to September, shrimp seedling specification is about 1.2 centimetres, put 2.5 ten thousand-30,000 tails in a suitable place to breed for every mu, the shrimp species specification is 2.5 centimetres-3 centimetres, put 1.5 ten thousand tails-20,000 tail in a suitable place to breed for every mu, put in a suitable place to breed generally in December or March in next year-April the Winter-Spring, take put in a suitable place to breed do not meet the specification of going on the market then shrimp as main, every mu of shrimp species 1.5 ten thousand tails-20,000 tail of putting 100 tail/kilogram-200 tail/kilograms in a suitable place to breed is through winter and spring cultivation, to June-harvesting listing in July, juvenile prawn requires physique healthy and strong, appendage is complete, anosis without hindering, energy is strong, and same pond stocking size wants consistent, the single step of releasing foot.
Fingerling stocking: mid-June, mu was put Young grass carp, bighead summer flower, screw;
Throw something and feed: feed is prepared, and described feedstuff comprises the composition of following weight ratio: silicate bacterium 0.5-0.8 part, streptococcus fecalis 1-3 part, Trichoderma 0.6-0.8 part, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 2-5 part, saccharomycete 0.3-0.5 part, fishbone dust 50-60 part, vinegar grain powder 65-70 part, waste liquid sediment 50-55 part, rice bran 40-60 part, brown sugar 12-14 part, salt 10-14 part, pig manure 80-85 part, pork slaughter house discarded object 45-55 part, pasture and water 60-65 part, calcium bicarbonate 12-16 part, urea 14-17 part, ironic citrate 1-3 part, vitaminB10 .6-0.8 part, cobalamin 0.2-0.6 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part; The preparation method may further comprise the steps: (1) dries pasture and water, makes its water content below 40%, and it is cut to 2-4cm, then adds fishbone dust, vinegar grain powder, rice bran, brown sugar, salt according to described ratio, fully stirs, and mixes; (2) said mixture is fermented, described fermentation is aerobic composting fermentation, and the fermentation water accounts for the 20-30% of material gross weight, and be 50-60 hour winter oxygen supply time, and be 20-25 hour summer, and fermentation temperature is 45-60 ℃, and fermentation time is 7-10 days; (3) waste liquid sediment, pig manure, pork slaughter house discarded object are mixed according to described ratio, adding saccharomycete, streptococcus fecalis are fermented; Above-mentioned substance inserted in the pond mix corruption and macerate, plastic film on the upper cap carries out fermenting in advance in 3-5 days; Then plastic film is thrown off, and stir, allow mixture contact oxygen, temperature gradually raises, from normal temperature to 50 ℃, keep continuing turning after 1-3 days, then be raised to 60 ℃ from 50 ℃, the retention time is 2-4 days, then cool the temperature to normal temperature, kept 6-8 days, until fully slaking, it is complete to ferment; (4) will carry out drying through the organic mixture after the fermentation of step (1) and step (2), the sterilization, baking temperature is 45-60 ℃, and being dried to water content is 15-25%; (5) silicate bacterium, Trichoderma, Rhodopseudomonas palustris are joined in the above-mentioned material according to described ratio, fully mix, stir; (6) calcium bicarbonate, urea, ironic citrate, vitamin B1, cobalamin, rheum officinale, Radix Astragali part, Divine Comedy are joined in the mixture according to described ratio, fully mix, stir; (7) after adding Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part above-mentioned material is carried out low temperature drying under 18-45 ℃ condition, making its water content is below 10%.
Make feed by throwing something and feeding by the requirement of supporting shrimp in the past and managing, be that every two weeks is thrown once, every mu of throwing amount of executing is 50～100 kilograms, submerged plant haystack of every two weeks inspection is also thrown in pasture and water one time, every l0～15 day filling is new water once, keep good water quality and water colour, oxygen in water remains on more than 5 mg/litre, and transparency is at 30～40 centimetres;
Aquaculture management: water quality: the lime water of regularly splashing per month once, mainly is the content that improves the ph value and increase calcium ion in the water body; Throwing is executed calcium dihydrogen phosphate per month once, each 2kg/ mu, carry out cross-reference with quicklime, to annotate in good time and renew water, general every 7-changed notes once in 10 days, changed the water filling position at every turn and set up the micro-pore oxygenation facility at 20cm left and right sides micro-pore oxygenation, guaranteed the dissolved oxygen amount that Chi Shuiyou is enough, avoid a large amount of accumulations of the harmful substances such as anoxic and hydrogen sulphide, nitrite, pH value remains between the 7.0-8.0; Disease control: in feed, regularly add shelling element, multivitamin, protect the liver the class health-care additive, regularly splash photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacterium, generally use photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacterium every month middle and later periods in cultivation, use 1-2 substrate modifier in the cultivation later stage, the fine worm of splashing per month once must restrain, with prevention lobster balantidiasis;
As further optimization, the kind of pasture and water is wanted variation, and herbaceous stem is wanted goodization, not only emergent aquactic plant and floatingleaved plant will be arranged, and also submerged plant should be arranged, such as reed, barnyard grass, the stem or leaf of cattail, common calla, duckweed, water peanut, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, waterweed.
As further optimization, before cray is put in a suitable place to breed, first juvenile prawn is put in the plastic basin, in basin, slowly added a small amount of Chi Shui, approaching to water in basin temperature and pond water temperature, pressing the saline solution dipping bath of water in basin amount adding 3%-4% sterilized 5 minutes again, then juvenile prawn is slowly put into the pond along pool side, note when putting in a suitable place to breed avoiding being exposed to the sun, if purchase the shrimp seedling of transporting back from the other places, when the dried up time, stupor phenomenon appearred in long consequently some shrimp, juvenile prawn should be placed on to support temporarily in the basin and put in a suitable place to breed again in 20 minutes.
The invention effect:
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) added that fish produce needed organic matter and inorganic mineral, trace element can provide comprehensive nutrition to the growth of fish;
(2) add bacillus subtilis, ferment bacterium and bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio, can kill the harmful bacteria in the fishpond, suppressed the breeding growth of pathogen in the water body, reduced the generation of disease, improved the yield and quality of fish.
(3) added the solid photosynthetic bacteria, the noxious materials such as nitrite in the water body, sulphide of can degrading, and can restrain oneself the organic waste water of high concentration, the poisonous substances such as phenol, cyanogen are had necessarily stand and capacity of decomposition, have stronger decomposition and inversion ability, reduce the accumulation of noxious material in the fish body.
(4) these mushrooms that add can continue breeding in water body, enlarge survival rate, the balance of keeping microorganisms in water is had a very important role, and can regulate and adjust microecological balance in the fish body enteron aisle, can also decomposer in the Harmful Residue, strengthen the fingerling premunition.
(5) the Chinese medicine sterilizing composition is little on natural enemy of fish impact, helps to keep ecotope, and is more friendly to environment, to Dactylogyrus, Trichodina desinsection better, satisfy nuisanceless, green production requirement.
Embodiment
Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment only for the present invention is described, rather than in order to limit protection scope of the present invention.
1. prepare in the rice field
Selection is had abundant water resources, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water retention capacity is strong, the Heavenly Stems are not non-irrigated, and flood does not flood, and ecotope is good, pollution-free source on every side, fertile soil, the rice field of substrate natural structure, the excavation annular is supported the shrimp ditch around along ridge inboard, rice field, 2 meters dark 1 meter of furrow width, and annular is supported the shrimp ditch away from 2 meters of ridges, the turning is curved, excavation " ten " font or " one " font field ditch between Tanaka, 0.5～1 meter of field furrow width, dark 0.5 meter.Annular ditch and field ditch area account for rice field area 5%～10%, utilize the soil of ditching to widen, increase, reinforce peripheral ridge, the wide 2--3 rice of ridge end face, exceed at least 0.8 meter in field face, ridge will be tamped, and with water-impervious or cave in, water level generally should be kept above field face 30--60 centimetre; Dwell at the bottom of the cray and creep and to go up against the current north ability stronger, therefore will note anti-escaping.The drainage mouth of supporting the shrimp rice field will be set up defences and be escaped facility, and water inlet is with 20 ~ 40 purpose net sheet filtered water inlets, and discharge outlet also will surround with close net, flows and flees to prevent that freshwater crayfish from relieving oedema or abdominal distension through diuresis or purgation; Will enclose with 70 centimetres wide close eye net sheet or asbestos shingle on the ridge around the rice field and block, net sheet lower end is buried in the earth 20 centimetres, and native top is divided into 90 degree and slopes inwardly;
2. cray is put in a suitable place to breed
Juvenile prawn is put in a suitable place to breed and mainly takes three kinds of patterns: first young shrimp of putting then hatching summer in a suitable place to breed is main, and the time of putting in a suitable place to breed is in mid or late July, and every mu of stocking size is young shrimp 30,000 tails-40,000 tail more than 0.8 centimetre; Large specification shrimp seedling or the shrimp species putting in a suitable place to breed autumn to cultivate then are main, put in a suitable place to breed the time mid-August to September, shrimp seedling specification is about 1.2 centimetres, put 2.5 ten thousand-30,000 tails in a suitable place to breed for every mu, the shrimp species specification is 2.5 centimetres-3 centimetres, put 1.5 ten thousand tails-20,000 tail in a suitable place to breed for every mu, put in a suitable place to breed generally in December or March in next year-April the Winter-Spring, take put in a suitable place to breed do not meet the specification of going on the market then shrimp as main, every mu of shrimp species 1.5 ten thousand tails-20,000 tail of putting 100 tail/kilogram-200 tail/kilograms in a suitable place to breed is through winter and spring cultivation, to June-harvesting listing in July, juvenile prawn requires physique healthy and strong, appendage is complete, anosis without hindering, energy is strong, and same pond stocking size wants consistent, the single step of releasing foot.
3. fingerling stocking
Mid-June, mu was put Young grass carp, bighead summer flower, screw;
Throw something and feed: feed is prepared, and described feedstuff comprises the composition of following weight ratio: silicate bacterium 0.5-0.8 part, streptococcus fecalis 1-3 part, Trichoderma 0.6-0.8 part, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 2-5 part, saccharomycete 0.3-0.5 part, fishbone dust 50-60 part, vinegar grain powder 65-70 part, waste liquid sediment 50-55 part, rice bran 40-60 part, brown sugar 12-14 part, salt 10-14 part, pig manure 80-85 part, pork slaughter house discarded object 45-55 part, pasture and water 60-65 part, calcium bicarbonate 12-16 part, urea 14-17 part, ironic citrate 1-3 part, vitaminB10 .6-0.8 part, cobalamin 0.2-0.6 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part; The preparation method may further comprise the steps: (1) dries pasture and water, makes its water content below 40%, and it is cut to 2-4cm, then adds fishbone dust, vinegar grain powder, rice bran, brown sugar, salt according to described ratio, fully stirs, and mixes; (2) said mixture is fermented, described fermentation is aerobic composting fermentation, and the fermentation water accounts for the 20-30% of material gross weight, and be 50-60 hour winter oxygen supply time, and be 20-25 hour summer, and fermentation temperature is 45-60 ℃, and fermentation time is 7-10 days; (3) waste liquid sediment, pig manure, pork slaughter house discarded object are mixed according to described ratio, adding saccharomycete, streptococcus fecalis are fermented; Above-mentioned substance inserted in the pond mix corruption and macerate, plastic film on the upper cap carries out fermenting in advance in 3-5 days; Then plastic film is thrown off, and stir, allow mixture contact oxygen, temperature gradually raises, from normal temperature to 50 ℃, keep continuing turning after 1-3 days, then be raised to 60 ℃ from 50 ℃, the retention time is 2-4 days, then cool the temperature to normal temperature, kept 6-8 days, until fully slaking, it is complete to ferment; (4) will carry out drying through the organic mixture after the fermentation of step (1) and step (2), the sterilization, baking temperature is 45-60 ℃, and being dried to water content is 15-25%; (5) silicate bacterium, Trichoderma, Rhodopseudomonas palustris are joined in the above-mentioned material according to described ratio, fully mix, stir; (6) calcium bicarbonate, urea, ironic citrate, vitamin B1, cobalamin, rheum officinale, Radix Astragali part, Divine Comedy are joined in the mixture according to described ratio, fully mix, stir; (7) after adding Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part above-mentioned material is carried out low temperature drying under 18-45 ℃ condition, making its water content is below 10%.
Make feed by throwing something and feeding by the requirement of supporting shrimp in the past and managing, be that every two weeks is thrown once, every mu of throwing amount of executing is 50～100 kilograms, submerged plant haystack of every two weeks inspection is also thrown in pasture and water one time, every l0～15 day filling is new water once, keep good water quality and water colour, oxygen in water remains on more than 5 mg/litre, and transparency is at 30～40 centimetres;
4. aquaculture management
Water quality: the lime water of regularly splashing per month once, mainly is the content that improves the ph value and increase calcium ion in the water body; Throwing is executed calcium dihydrogen phosphate per month once, each 2kg/ mu, carry out cross-reference with quicklime, to annotate in good time and renew water, general every 7-changed notes once in 10 days, changed the water filling position at every turn and set up the micro-pore oxygenation facility at 20cm left and right sides micro-pore oxygenation, guaranteed the dissolved oxygen amount that Chi Shuiyou is enough, avoid a large amount of accumulations of the harmful substances such as anoxic and hydrogen sulphide, nitrite, pH value remains between the 7.0-8.0; Disease control: in feed, regularly add shelling element, multivitamin, protect the liver the class health-care additive, regularly splash photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacterium, generally use photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacterium every month middle and later periods in cultivation, use 1-2 substrate modifier in the cultivation later stage, the fine worm of splashing per month once must restrain, with prevention lobster balantidiasis;
As further optimization, the kind of pasture and water is wanted variation, and herbaceous stem is wanted goodization, not only emergent aquactic plant and floatingleaved plant will be arranged, and also submerged plant should be arranged, such as reed, barnyard grass, the stem or leaf of cattail, common calla, duckweed, water peanut, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, waterweed.
As further optimization, before cray is put in a suitable place to breed, first juvenile prawn is put in the plastic basin, in basin, slowly added a small amount of Chi Shui, approaching to water in basin temperature and pond water temperature, pressing the saline solution dipping bath of water in basin amount adding 3%-4% sterilized 5 minutes again, then juvenile prawn is slowly put into the pond along pool side, note when putting in a suitable place to breed avoiding being exposed to the sun, if purchase the shrimp seedling of transporting back from the other places, when the dried up time, stupor phenomenon appearred in long consequently some shrimp, juvenile prawn should be placed on to support temporarily in the basin and put in a suitable place to breed again in 20 minutes.
As further optimization, trash fish, spiral shell freshwater mussel meat, silkworm chrysalis, earthworm, slaughter house offcuts and rice bran, soya-bean cake, wheat bran, pumpkin, sweet potato and fresh and tender pasture and water that cray can directly be thrown something and fed and be rubbed, the shrimp manufactured feed of also can throwing something and feeding, but keep the CP in feed content more than 25%, the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day should grasp to have enough, eat up, do not stay residual bait to be as the criterion, and throws something and feeds each 1 time sooner or later every day 2 times, evening, feeding volume accounted for the 70%-80% of full-time bait, and bait will be thrown in the pool side shallow water.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
At the shrimp juvenile stage of growth, pull out, minute to support in the middle of five ponds, 500 in every pond throws in respectively according to the injected volume of every mu of 200kg in four ponds that the fertile and common shrimp of microorganism shrimp of the embodiment of the invention 1 is fertile (to be contrasted 1, originate from
Beijing Century AMMS Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), shrimp fertilizer (contrast 2) is not thrown in the another one pond, but throws in the common fish food of same amount, and remaining feeding amount is identical, and culture environment is identical, through 2-4 month cultivation, contrasts the upgrowth situation of its output and shrimp, specifically as shown in Table 1 and Table 2:
The microorganism shrimp of table 1 the present invention preparation is fertile and contrast 1 relatively
| Output increases (%) | Individual increase (%) | The fish reduction of dying of illness (%) | EPA content increment (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 27 | 20 | 17 | 13 |
The microorganism shrimp of table 2 the present invention preparation is fertile and contrast 2 relatively
 | Output increases (%) | The fish body increases (%) | The fish reduction of dying of illness (%) | EPA content increment (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 38 | 25 | 28 | 65 |
Contrast through table 1, table 2 can be found, adds the Fast Growth that composite microbe fertilizer of the present invention can promote shrimp, and EPA content increases, disease reduces, the shrimp that dies of illness reduces, and the beneficial microbe in the water body is increased, and final quality and quality all are improved.
Claims (3)
1. cray high-efficiency feed cultural method may further comprise the steps:
1) prepare in the rice field: select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water retention capacity is strong, the Heavenly Stems are not non-irrigated, and flood does not flood, and ecotope is good, pollution-free source on every side, fertile soil, the rice field of substrate natural structure, the excavation annular is supported the shrimp ditch around along ridge inboard, rice field, 2 meters dark 1 meter of furrow width, and annular is supported the shrimp ditch away from 2 meters of ridges, the turning is curved, excavation " ten " font or " one " font field ditch between Tanaka, 0.5～1 meter of field furrow width, dark 0.5 meter;
Annular ditch and field ditch area account for rice field area 5%～10%, utilize the soil of ditching to widen, increase, reinforce peripheral ridge, the wide 2--3 rice of ridge end face, exceed at least 0.8 meter in field face, ridge will be tamped, and with water-impervious or cave in, water level generally should be kept above field face 30--60 centimetre; Dwell at the bottom of the cray and creep and to go up against the current north ability stronger, therefore will note anti-escaping;
The drainage mouth of supporting the shrimp rice field will be set up defences and be escaped facility, and water inlet is with 20 ~ 40 purpose net sheet filtered water inlets, and discharge outlet also will surround with close net, flows and flees to prevent that freshwater crayfish from relieving oedema or abdominal distension through diuresis or purgation; Will enclose with 70 centimetres wide close eye net sheet or asbestos shingle on the ridge around the rice field and block, net sheet lower end is buried in the earth 20 centimetres, and native top is divided into 90 degree and slopes inwardly;
2) cray is put in a suitable place to breed: juvenile prawn is put in a suitable place to breed and mainly takes three kinds of patterns: first young shrimp of putting then hatching summer in a suitable place to breed is main, and the time of putting in a suitable place to breed is in mid or late July, and every mu of stocking size is young shrimp 30,000 tails-40,000 tail more than 0.8 centimetre; Large specification shrimp seedling or the shrimp species putting in a suitable place to breed autumn to cultivate then are main, put in a suitable place to breed the time mid-August to September, shrimp seedling specification is about 1.2 centimetres, put 2.5 ten thousand-30,000 tails in a suitable place to breed for every mu, the shrimp species specification is 2.5 centimetres-3 centimetres, put 1.5 ten thousand tails-20,000 tail in a suitable place to breed for every mu, put in a suitable place to breed generally in December or March in next year-April the Winter-Spring, take put in a suitable place to breed do not meet the specification of going on the market then shrimp as main, every mu of shrimp species 1.5 ten thousand tails-20,000 tail of putting 100 tail/kilogram-200 tail/kilograms in a suitable place to breed is through winter and spring cultivation, to June-harvesting listing in July, juvenile prawn requires physique healthy and strong, appendage is complete, anosis without hindering, energy is strong, and same pond stocking size wants consistent, the single step of releasing foot;
3) fingerling stocking: mid-June, mu was put Young grass carp, bighead summer flower, screw;
4) throw something and feed: feed is prepared, and described feedstuff comprises the composition of following weight ratio: silicate bacterium 0.5-0.8 part, streptococcus fecalis 1-3 part, Trichoderma 0.6-0.8 part, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 2-5 part, saccharomycete 0.3-0.5 part, fishbone dust 50-60 part, vinegar grain powder 65-70 part, waste liquid sediment 50-55 part, rice bran 40-60 part, brown sugar 12-14 part, salt 10-14 part, pig manure 80-85 part, pork slaughter house discarded object 45-55 part, pasture and water 60-65 part, calcium bicarbonate 12-16 part, urea 14-17 part, ironic citrate 1-3 part, vitaminB10 .6-0.8 part, cobalamin 0.2-0.6 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part; The preparation method may further comprise the steps: (1) dries pasture and water, makes its water content below 40%, and it is cut to 2-4cm, then adds fishbone dust, vinegar grain powder, rice bran, brown sugar, salt according to described ratio, fully stirs, and mixes; (2) said mixture is fermented, described fermentation is aerobic composting fermentation, and the fermentation water accounts for the 20-30% of material gross weight, and be 50-60 hour winter oxygen supply time, and be 20-25 hour summer, and fermentation temperature is 45-60 ℃, and fermentation time is 7-10 days; (3) waste liquid sediment, pig manure, pork slaughter house discarded object are mixed according to described ratio, adding saccharomycete, streptococcus fecalis are fermented; Above-mentioned substance inserted in the pond mix corruption and macerate, plastic film on the upper cap carries out fermenting in advance in 3-5 days; Then plastic film is thrown off, and stir, allow mixture contact oxygen, temperature gradually raises, from normal temperature to 50 ℃, keep continuing turning after 1-3 days, then be raised to 60 ℃ from 50 ℃, the retention time is 2-4 days, then cool the temperature to normal temperature, kept 6-8 days, until fully slaking, it is complete to ferment; (4) will carry out drying through the organic mixture after the fermentation of step (1) and step (2), the sterilization, baking temperature is 45-60 ℃, and being dried to water content is 15-25%; (5) silicate bacterium, Trichoderma, Rhodopseudomonas palustris are joined in the above-mentioned material according to described ratio, fully mix, stir; (6) calcium bicarbonate, urea, ironic citrate, vitamin B1, cobalamin, rheum officinale, Radix Astragali part, Divine Comedy are joined in the mixture according to described ratio, fully mix, stir; (7) after adding Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part above-mentioned material is carried out low temperature drying under 18-45 ℃ condition, making its water content is below 10%;
5) make feed by throwing something and feeding by the requirement of supporting shrimp in the past and managing, be that every two weeks is thrown once, every mu of throwing amount of executing is 50～100 kilograms, submerged plant haystack of every two weeks inspection is also thrown in pasture and water one time, every l0～15 day filling is new water once, keep good water quality and water colour, oxygen in water remains on more than 5 mg/litre, and transparency is at 30～40 centimetres;
6) aquaculture management: water quality: the lime water of regularly splashing per month once, mainly is the content that improves the ph value and increase calcium ion in the water body; Throwing is executed calcium dihydrogen phosphate per month once, each 2kg/ mu, carry out cross-reference with quicklime, to annotate in good time and renew water, general every 7-changed notes once in 10 days, changed the water filling position at every turn and set up the micro-pore oxygenation facility at 20cm left and right sides micro-pore oxygenation, guaranteed the dissolved oxygen amount that Chi Shuiyou is enough, avoid a large amount of accumulations of the harmful substances such as anoxic and hydrogen sulphide, nitrite, pH value remains between the 7.0-8.0; Disease control: in feed, regularly add shelling element, multivitamin, protect the liver the class health-care additive, regularly splash photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacterium, generally use photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacterium every month middle and later periods in cultivation, use 1-2 substrate modifier in the cultivation later stage, the fine worm of splashing per month once must restrain, with prevention lobster balantidiasis.
2. cray as claimed in claim 1 rice field fresh water high-efficiency breeding method, it is characterized in that: the kind of pasture and water is wanted variation, herbaceous stem is wanted goodization, not only emergent aquactic plant and floatingleaved plant to be arranged, also submerged plant should be arranged, such as reed, barnyard grass, the stem or leaf of cattail, common calla, duckweed, water peanut, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, waterweed.
3. cray as claimed in claim 1 rice field fresh water high-efficiency breeding method, it is characterized in that: before cray is put in a suitable place to breed, first juvenile prawn is put in the plastic basin, in basin, slowly add a small amount of Chi Shui, approaching to water in basin temperature and pond water temperature, pressing the saline solution dipping bath of water in basin amount adding 3%-4% sterilized 5 minutes again, then juvenile prawn is slowly put into the pond along pool side, note when putting in a suitable place to breed avoiding being exposed to the sun, if purchase the shrimp seedling of transporting back from the other places, when the dried up time, stupor phenomenon appearred in long consequently some shrimp, juvenile prawn should be placed on to support temporarily in the basin and put in a suitable place to breed again in 20 minutes.
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