CN110558261A - Breeding method for improving shelling success rate and turnover rate of crayfishes - Google Patents
Breeding method for improving shelling success rate and turnover rate of crayfishes Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
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- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 241000555925 Elodea nuttallii Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N astaxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C(=O)C=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940022405 astaxanthin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method for improving the shelling success rate and the scaling rate of crayfish, which relates to the technical field of fresh water breeding of aquatic products and comprises the following steps: s1 pond construction: the width of the top of the pond stalk is 2.5-3.5m, the gradient is 1:3, and the water depth is 1-2 m; and (3) selecting S2 seedlings: the specification of the crayfish seedlings is 120 per jin; s3 regulation and control of water quality: according to 300mL/667m3Adding the substrate modifying agent into the water body of the pond, adding the crayfish seedlings into the pond after three days according to the concentration of 1L/667m3adding fertilizer water into the water body of the pond, topdressing once every 10 days and according to the concentration of 1L/667m every 7 days3The lactic acid bacteria are put into the water body of the pond to ensure that the transparency of the water body is kept at 28-32cm, and the water quality index is periodically detected; s4 planting and managing the aquatic weeds: the planting area of the aquatic plants accounts for 1/3-2/3 of the total area of the pond; s5 nutritious supplementCharging: feeding floating feed crude protein at night every day, wherein the feeding amount is 3% of the total weight of the crayfish, and splashing fertilizers containing calcium, phosphorus and magnesium into the water body during the shelling period of the crayfish. The operation method is simple.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fresh water aquaculture of aquatic products, and relates to a aquaculture method for improving the shelling success rate and the turnover rate of crayfish.
background
The crayfish has high protein content in the body, soft meat and easy digestion, and is suitable for people who are weak and need to be recuperated after illness; the crayfish meat is rich in magnesium, zinc, iodine, selenium and other elements, wherein the magnesium has an important regulating effect on heart activity, can protect a cardiovascular system, can reduce the content of cholesterol in blood, prevents arteriosclerosis, can expand coronary arteries and is beneficial to preventing hypertension and myocardial infarction. The crayfish contains astaxanthin which has various physiological effects such as oxidation resistance, tumor resistance, cancer prevention, immunity enhancement, vision improvement and the like. The consumption of lobsters in China is continuously increased in the last 10 years, and the crayfish catching near the outer river cannot meet the requirement of market consumption, so that the pond culture area of the crayfish is continuously expanded. The crayfish belongs to crustacean, the growth of the crayfish is realized by shelling once to enlarge the individual specification, the crayfish needs to shed the old skin before and can survive after hardening of the new skin, the pond culture crayfish is the culture mode which just starts in the years, the crayfish life habit and the pond culture are still in a grope stage, and in the existing culture method, the crayfish is easy to die before shelling, die at the top shell and die in soft shell, or the specification is not doubled, so that the culture acre yield is low.
Therefore, a breeding method which is simple in operation method and can improve the shelling success rate and the shelling rate of the crayfish is urgently needed.
disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of breeding of the existing shelling success rate and doubling rate of the crayfish, the invention provides a breeding method for improving the shelling success rate and the doubling rate of the crayfish.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
A breeding method for improving the shelling success rate and the shelling rate of crayfishes comprises the following steps:
S1 pond construction: the pond is cuboid, the top width of the pond stem is 2.5-3.5m, the gradient is 1:3, the soil is one or two of loam and clay, and the water depth is 1-2 m;
And (3) selecting S2 seedlings: the crayfish seedling has the specification of 120 crayfish seedlings per jin, bright body color, no foreign matter in appendages, no water bubble in a tail fan, white gill part, bright and yellow liver color and luster, full intestinal tract and no germ;
S3 regulation and control of water quality: adding the substrate modifying agent into the water body of the pond according to the concentration of 300mL/667m3, adding crayfish seedlings into the pond after three days, and adding the crayfish seedlings into the pond according to the concentration of 1L/667m 33Adding fertilizer water into the water body of the pond, topdressing once every 10 days and according to the concentration of 1L/667m every 7 days3the lactic acid bacteria are put into the water body of the pond to ensure that the transparency of the water body is kept at 28-32cm, and the water quality index is periodically detected;
S4 planting and managing the aquatic weeds: the planting area of the aquatic weeds accounts for 1/3-2/3 of the total area of the pond, the waterweeds are planted on the two sides of the circular trench by using a transplanting method, the hydrilla verticillata is planted in the middle of the field surface by using the transplanting method, the roots of the aquatic weeds are strengthened by using the root fertilizer after the aquatic weeds are planted for three days, and the root conditions of the aquatic weeds are regularly observed;
S5 nutrient supplement: feeding the floating feed crude protein at night every day, wherein the feeding amount is 3% of the total weight of the crayfish, the feeding amount after the crayfish is molted is 5% of the total weight of the crayfish, the floating feed crude protein and the corn or the soybean are mixed and fed after 6 months, the weight ratio of the floating feed crude protein to the corn or the soybean is 2:1, and a fertilizer containing calcium, phosphorus and magnesium is splashed into a water body during the molting period of the crayfish.
preferably, the water inlet of the pond in the step S1 is provided with an 80-mesh bag.
Preferably, the water quality index in the step S3 comprises pH value, ammonia nitrogen content, nitrite content and hydrogen sulfide content, so that the pH value is 7.5-8.5, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.3mg/L, the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the overproof hydrogen sulfide content is less than or equal to 0.05 mg/L.
Preferably, the elodea nuttallii is planted in the step S4 in rows, the plant spacing is 2m, the plant spacing of hydrilla verticillata is 2m, and the row spacing is 3 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the pond is built into a rectangle, so that the crayfish can conveniently find places for moving and shelling; the 80-mesh net bag is arranged at the water inlet of the pond, so that wild trash fishes can be prevented from entering the pond, the situation that the crayfish is affected by the food struggle between the wild trash fishes and the crayfish and the nutrition accumulation of the crayfish is avoided, part of the wild trash fishes are carnivorous, and the wild trash fishes are prevented from phagocytosing the crayfish which just exuviates; the substrate modifier can remove the residue of pond cleaning pesticide and the residue of new pond pesticide, eliminate stress reaction, strengthen physique and reduce transportation damage; the water can be used for improving the anti-stress capability of the water body, preventing and treating water emaciation and muddy water and preventing moss; topdressing makes algae (such as Chlorella and Navicula) in water continuously generate dissolved oxygen through photosynthesis to ensure the dissolved oxygen requirement when the crayfish exuviates; the water quality is regulated by the lactobacillus, so that the water body can be kept fertile, fresh and tender, the transparency is about 30cm, the illumination intensity can ensure the accumulated temperature requirement when the crayfish exuviates, and the turning rate is improved; the water quality index is detected regularly, and toxin is prevented from being generated due to standard exceeding of the index, so that the shelling growth of the crayfish is prevented from being influenced; the aquatic weeds are planted in a multi-variety combined mode, so that a habitat and an exuviation place are provided for the crayfishes, and the final yield and specification of the crayfishes are guaranteed; the grass root fertilizer is used for strengthening roots, the water grass can be promoted to wake up and grow, and the operation method is simple.
Detailed Description
Example 1
a breeding method for improving the shelling success rate and the shelling rate of crayfishes comprises the following steps:
s1 pond construction: the pond is cuboid, the top of the pond stem is 3m wide, the gradient is 1:3, the soil is one or two of loam and clay, and the water depth is 1.5 m;
And (3) selecting S2 seedlings: the crayfish seedling has the specification of 120 crayfish seedlings per jin, bright body color, no foreign matter in appendages, no water bubble in a tail fan, white gill part, bright and yellow liver color and luster, full intestinal tract and no germ;
S3 regulation and control of water quality: according to 300mL/667m3The substrate modifier (three effects of detoxification) is added into the water body of the pond, and the crayfish fries are added into the pond after three days according to the concentration of 1L/667m3adding fertilizer water (rich water source) into the water body of the pond at the concentration, topdressing once every 10 days and according to the proportion of 1L/667m every 7 days3The lactic acid bacteria are put into the water body of the pond to ensure that the transparency of the water body is kept at 28-32cm, and the water quality index is periodically detected;
S4 planting and managing the aquatic weeds: the planting area of the waterweeds accounts for 1/3-2/3 of the total area of the pond, the waterweeds are planted on two sides of the circular trench by using a transplanting method, hydrilla verticillata is planted in the middle of the field surface by using the transplanting method, the roots of the waterweeds are strengthened by using the root fertilizer after the waterweeds are planted for three days, the root conditions of the waterweeds are regularly observed, the plants are fertilized and maintained in time when yellow roots and black roots appear, the water is timely regulated by using lactic acid bacteria to remove dirt when dirt is attached to the surfaces of the waterweeds and the blades are muddy, the waterweeds grow too fast, the grass heads are timely cut when the water heads are discharged, the waterweeds are controlled to be 20cm below the water surface, the waterweeds are prevented from floating;
s5 nutrient supplement: feeding floating feed crude protein at night every day, wherein the feeding amount is 3% of the total weight of the crayfish, the feeding amount of the crayfish after shelling is 5% of the total weight of the crayfish, the feeding amount of the crayfish after shelling is mixed with corn or soybean for feeding after 6 months, the weight ratio of the floating feed crude protein to the corn or the soybean is 2:1, the crayfish shells are generally molted for one half month, the feeding amount should be increased before the shells are molted, the feeding amount should not be properly reduced when the crayfish shells, the feeding amount should be increased after the shells are molted, the feeding amount should be timely increased, the crayfish absorbs nutrition through intestinal tracts, gills and epidermis, a large amount of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and other nutritional factors are needed to be formed, the crayfish can absorb a large amount of water to swell the crayfish after the shells are molted, then water without the nutritional substances such as the hard shells are discharged, the nutritional substances such as the calcium, the magnesium and the calcium are needed to be splashed into the water body, helping the crayfish to exuviate and ensuring the survival rate and the doubling rate.
and an 80-mesh net bag is arranged at the water inlet of the pond in the step S1. The water quality index in the step S3 is pH value, ammonia nitrogen content, nitrite content and hydrogen sulfide content, so that the pH value is 7.5-8.5, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.3mg/L, the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the standard exceeding of the hydrogen sulfide is less than or equal to 0.05 mg/L. In step S4, the elodea nuttallii is planted in rows with a plant spacing of 2m, the plant spacing of hydrilla verticillata is 2m, and the row spacing is 3 m.
The survival rate when the value of the water quality index was changed is as follows:
TABLE 1 index and survival rate
| pH | Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) | Nitrite (mg/L) | Hydrogen sulfide (mg/L) | Mortality rate (only 667 m/667 m)3) |
| 8.0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 10 |
| 9.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 20 |
According to the culture method disclosed by the invention, the culture method meets the shell-falling requirement of the crayfish through the construction of a pond, the planting of aquatic weeds, the regulation of water quality and the supplement of nutrition according to the life habit and the required conditions of the shell-falling of the crayfish, so that the problems of pre-shell-falling death, top shell death, soft-shell shrimp death, small shell-falling and turning rate and the like of the crayfish during the shell-falling are solved, the shell-falling success rate of the crayfish is ensured, the shell-falling and turning rate is increased, and the acre yield of the crayfish is increased.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a breeding method for improving the shelling success rate and the shelling rate of crayfishes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 pond construction: the pond is cuboid, the top width of the pond stem is 2.5-3.5m, the gradient is 1:3, the soil is one or two of loam and clay, and the water depth is 1-2 m;
and (3) selecting S2 seedlings: the crayfish seedling has the specification of 120 crayfish seedlings per jin, bright body color, no foreign matter in appendages, no water bubble in a tail fan, white gill part, bright and yellow liver color and luster, full intestinal tract and no germ;
S3 regulation and control of water quality: according to 300mL/667m3Adding the substrate modifying agent into the water body of the pond, adding the crayfish seedlings into the pond after three days according to the concentration of 1L/667m3Adding fertilizer water into the water body of the pond, topdressing once every 10 days and according to the concentration of 1L/667m every 7 days3The lactic acid bacteria are put into the water body of the pond to ensure that the transparency of the water body is kept at 28-32cm, and the water quality index is periodically detected;
S4 planting and managing the aquatic weeds: the planting area of the aquatic weeds accounts for 1/3-2/3 of the total area of the pond, the waterweeds are planted on the two sides of the circular trench by using a transplanting method, the hydrilla verticillata is planted in the middle of the field surface by using the transplanting method, the roots of the aquatic weeds are strengthened by using the root fertilizer after the aquatic weeds are planted for three days, and the root conditions of the aquatic weeds are regularly observed;
s5 nutrient supplement: feeding the floating feed crude protein at night every day, wherein the feeding amount is 3% of the total weight of the crayfish, the feeding amount after the crayfish is molted is 5% of the total weight of the crayfish, the floating feed crude protein and the corn or the soybean are mixed and fed after 6 months, the weight ratio of the floating feed crude protein to the corn or the soybean is 2:1, and a fertilizer containing calcium, phosphorus and magnesium is splashed into a water body during the molting period of the crayfish.
2. the cultivation method for improving the shelling success rate and the turnover rate of the crayfish according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the width of the top of the pond stem is 3m, the water depth is 1.5m, and the water inlet of the pond is provided with a 80-mesh bag.
3. The cultivation method for improving the shelling success rate and the shelling rate of the crayfish according to claim 1, wherein the water quality index in the step S3 is pH value, ammonia nitrogen content, nitrite content and hydrogen sulfide content, so that the pH value is 7.5-8.5, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.3mg/L, the nitrite is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the overproof hydrogen sulfide is less than or equal to 0.05 mg/L.
4. The cultivation method for improving the shelling success rate and the turnover rate of crayfishes as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the elodea nuttallii is planted in rows with a row spacing of 2m, the hydrilla verticillata with a row spacing of 2m, and the row spacing of 3 m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910876717.5A CN110558261A (en) | 2019-09-17 | 2019-09-17 | Breeding method for improving shelling success rate and turnover rate of crayfishes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910876717.5A CN110558261A (en) | 2019-09-17 | 2019-09-17 | Breeding method for improving shelling success rate and turnover rate of crayfishes |
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