CN110558260A - Sustainable cultivation technology for litopenaeus vannamei and giant freshwater shrimps in ecological pond - Google Patents
Sustainable cultivation technology for litopenaeus vannamei and giant freshwater shrimps in ecological pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN110558260A CN110558260A CN201810567017.3A CN201810567017A CN110558260A CN 110558260 A CN110558260 A CN 110558260A CN 201810567017 A CN201810567017 A CN 201810567017A CN 110558260 A CN110558260 A CN 110558260A
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- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000331928 Metapenaeus affinis Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000009344 polyculture Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sustainable cultivation technology for Litopenaeus vannamei and Metapenaeus affinis in an ecological pond, wherein the area of each shrimp pond is not fixed and is generally 20 mu, the bottom of the pond is made of sand or silt, the water quality is better, the pollution is less, the plankton is rich, the specific gravity of seawater is about 1.024, the PH value of the shrimp pond is about 8.0, an independent water inlet and outlet are arranged at the depth of 2 m in the shrimp pond, and the water inlet and outlet are preferably independently separated, so that the pond meets the requirements of shrimp culture and irrigation and cannot automatically drain and irrigate in the tidal period. This sustainable aquaculture technique of litopenaeus vannamei and buddha's warrior attendant in ecological pond lets the sun insolate the comprehensive disinfection of pond bottom and pond for germ and bacterium in the shrimp pond are died out, appear endangering when avoiding litopenaeus vannamei and buddha's warrior attendant to breed, and regular water quality testing makes the data in the water be convenient for master, thereby reach the effect of prevention, make the disease in raising the shrimp fall to minimumly, reached and avoided breeding litopenaeus vannamei in summer, and make the frequency of disease reach minimumly in breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of culture, in particular to a sustainable culture technology for Litopenaeus vannamei and Metapenaeus affinis in an ecological pond.
background
The Litopenaeus vannamei, also known as Penaeus vannamei, or Penaeus vannamei, is distributed in Pacific coast water area of south America in the area of origin, has tropical, subtropical, warm temperate zone and temperate zone sea area, has a life cycle of one year, is a prawn variety mainly cultivated in China, has the first yield in the world and is also one of main aquatic product varieties exported in China, is basically cultivated in pond, but the Litopenaeus vannamei cultivated in China has a lot of diseases, has large cultivation risk, smaller grown shrimps and lower quality, is also called Penaeus vannamei, is originally produced in Africa Morbik, has the advantages of short cultivation time, high growth speed, high cultivation survival rate, good adaptability, strong disease resistance, disease development, high yield, long water leaving time of recaptured shrimps, good activity, fresh and marketability, large individual and strong fruit quality, the shrimp is delicious and has good appearance after being cooked, and is very popular with consumers.
the invention with the prior application number of CN201310685571.9 discloses a method for polyculture of tilapia mossambica and litopenaeus vannamei in ponds, lime is thrown into dry ponds in spring every year, water is injected for disinfection with water, when the water temperature is stabilized above 20 ℃, 50-100 kg of fermented chicken manure is thrown into each mu of ponds, the water is injected to the water depth of 40-60cm, 1-2 weeks are waited, 8000 plus materials of litopenaeus vannamei seedlings are thrown into each mu of ponds, and special polyculture feed is fed; injecting water to the water depth of 120cm after 15-20 days, throwing 1500-fold 2500 tilapia fries in each mu of pond, feeding the polyculture feed, injecting water to the water depth of 200-fold 250cm after 15-20 days, aerating for 3-7 hours each day, and sprinkling by adding 20-30 kg of quicklime into each mu of pond 1-2 times per month; catching tilapia and litopenaeus vannamei within 120-day plus 150 days; the invention feeds special polyculture feed, has high prawn quality, little water pollution, easy management, low cost and high benefit.
Although some problems are solved, the problems still need to be solved when the method is used, for example, the defects that the disease of the litopenaeus vannamei is more due to high temperature in summer, the litopenaeus vannamei in the market is saturated and the price is low are overcome.
the invention with the prior application number of CN201610119614.0 relates to a relay type litopenaeus vannamei breeding mode, namely, the litopenaeus vannamei breeding is respectively carried out stage-by-stage breeding management of special pool desalting breeding coarse and high-density refined breeding and timely accurate diluted breeding in a greenhouse pool, a transition pool and a breeding pool, beneficial microorganisms are used for directionally regulating and controlling the microecology of the pool in the whole breeding process, and the relay breeding of the litopenaeus vannamei in different spaces is realized by combining a rotation catching and rotation releasing technology. The litopenaeus vannamei culture mode has the characteristics of high pond utilization rate, capability of culturing second-crop seedlings in one year, short time for the young shrimps in the culture pond, difficult deterioration of water quality and substrate, high survival rate of the young shrimps after entering the culture pond, easy precision of culture management measures such as feeding and the like, easy control of culture water quality and microecology, high culture yield and high culture benefit.
Although some problems are solved, the problems still exist in the use process and need to be solved, for example, the ecological environment of a pond is easy to deteriorate, breeding diseases are frequent, and breeding benefits are reduced when a single variety is bred for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a sustainable cultivation technology for Litopenaeus vannamei and Metapenaeus affinis in an ecological pond, and solves the problems that the Litopenaeus vannamei has more diseases due to high temperature in summer, the ecological environment of the pond is easily deteriorated due to the fact that a single variety is cultivated for a long time, and in addition, the diseases are frequent in the cultivation process, and the cultivation benefit is reduced.
(II) technical scheme
1. in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a sustainable breeding technique of ecological pond litopenaeus vannamei and golden shrimp, this breeding technique adopts the temperature canopy to breed litopenaeus vannamei in two seasons of early winter, and breeds golden shrimp in summer and autumn, specifically includes following operating procedure:
The first step is as follows: selective shrimp culturing pond
The area of each shrimp pool is not fixed, generally 20 mu, the pool bottom is made of sand mud or silt, the water quality is better, the pollution is less, the plankton is abundant, the specific gravity of seawater is about 1.024, the pH value is about 8.0, an independent water inlet and outlet is arranged in the shrimp pool with the water depth of 2 m, and the water inlet and outlet are preferably independently separated, so that the requirements of shrimp culture and irrigation and drainage are met, and a water pump is required to be arranged for pumping water in the pond which can not be automatically irrigated and drained in the tidal period;
The second step is that: cleaning and management of shrimp ponds
draining pond water for culturing shrimps, exposing the bottom of the pond to the sun for one week until the pond is cracked, thoroughly removing sludge and organic matters at the bottom of the pond, barnacles on the wall of the pond, sprinkling 90kg of quick lime per mu one month before seedling placing, uniformly distributing the quick lime at the bottom of the pond, properly placing a plurality of sludge places, turning over the pond by using a tractor and the like, exposing the pond to the sun, thoroughly sterilizing, then feeding water to 25cm, sterilizing the bottom of the pond by using a chlorine preparation, wherein the effective chlorine concentration is 30ppm (25-50 kg of bleaching powder per mu), sprinkling pool-cleaning medicines on the whole pond to kill fish, shrimps, crab eggs, bacteria, viruses and the like, planting some submerged plants such as sowthistle, black algae and the like around the shrimp pond, occupying one fourth of the bottom area, simultaneously binding bamboo branches into a broom shape, arranging the broom shapes in a water layer in a string, and establishing a greenhouse;
The third step: feeding of shrimp larvae
Selecting clear weather, stabilizing the water temperature to be above 25 ℃, starting an aerator to stir the living water body 2 hours before putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries, putting the stress product VC and the multidimensional product, putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries, avoiding stirring the pond water as much as possible, putting the fry bag into the pond to soak for 20 minutes to ensure that the water temperature in the bag is close to that in the pond and the temperature difference is not more than 3 ℃, putting the fries in the place with deeper water at the windy place along the wind, ensuring that the salinity difference between the shrimp fry pond water and the shrimp pond water is not more than 5 percent and the putting density of the shrimps is 1.0 ten thousand per mu;
The fourth step: purification of water
In the culture process, water is periodically changed according to water color, water is needed to be changed during poor water quality and heavy tide, the transparency of the pond water is always kept at about 35cm, 20g/m3 dolomite powder is splashed for 1 time and 2g/m3 sodium bicarbonate is splashed for 1 time every 10 days to adjust the total alkalinity of the water body, if the pH value is reduced to below 7.5 due to rainstorm or continuous cloudy days, quicklime is splashed for every 667mf2 kg in the whole pond, the interior of the aerator is opened for 2 days for 4 hours, sodium perborate is sprayed to the water body at the water body concentration of 1g/m3 after the aerator is closed, and then the water body is detected every week;
The fifth step: feeding of shrimp ponds
Feeding amount is generally controlled to be 5% of the weight of shrimps in the pond every day, feeding amount in the stage of young shrimps is 0.2 kg/ten thousand tails and mainly based on powdery mixed materials, feeding is carried out on the basis of slightly residues in the pond, feeding frequency is determined along with rising of water temperature and growth of and according to the density of discharged seedlings, feeding is carried out frequently in the morning and in the evening, feeding is carried out frequently in the evening and in the evening, feeding is carried out for 2 meals in the early 3 days, feeding is carried out once in the afternoon and in the afternoon, opening is carried out for 0.5kg/10 ten thousand tails, feeding fairy-year worms is carried out conditionally, and feeding is carried out once in the afternoon and after every day by 0.5kg/10 ten thousand tails; feeding 0 material for 4-15 days, three meals a day, wherein the amount of the bait fed at 6:30 is 30%, the amount of the bait fed at 12:00 is 40%, and the amount of the bait fed at 19:00 is 30%; feeding 4 meals after 16 times (the material amount ratio is respectively 20%, 30% and 20%), 6:30, 10:30, 16:30 and 21: 00;
and a sixth step: disease control
applying high-concentration photosynthetic bacteria, spraying the photosynthetic bacteria on zeolite or sand, scattering the photosynthetic bacteria on the bottom of the pond, stabilizing the ecological environment of the bottom of the pond, or adopting a bacillus subtilis preparation (the titer is 2 multiplied by 1010 viable bacteria/g), timely using biological fertilizer water king after the water quality becomes clear, adding bioactive substances containing a large amount of ginseng extract, nucleotide, amino acid polypeptide, enzyme and glycoside and 5-8% "anti-disease slow elements" into the feed, and then disinfecting the shrimp pond with quick lime every week;
The seventh step: salvaging and throwing
when the shrimps grow to the mature period, no diseases exist, the shrimps can be harvested, then the diamondback shrimps are thrown according to the third step, and then the steps are circulated.
Preferably, the material is difficult to be measured by the observation net in the first 30 days of feeding of the shrimp pond, generally, the material is preferably eaten within 2.5 to 3 hours after feeding on the basis of the principle that no residual bait is left on a meal inspection bait table, the material can be measured in the middle and later periods within 2 to 2.5 hours, and the material can be fed less or not fed when the weather is sultry or thunderstorm occurs, so that the feed coefficient can be reduced and the pollution pressure of a water body can be reduced.
Preferably, the feed for improving the digestion and absorption, the immunity and the anti-stress capability of the prawns is added with 3% o of multi-vitamin products and 2% o of lactic acid bacteria at regular intervals, the feed is continuously fed for 5 days and is fed with 2 meals every day, and the feed is added with 2% o to 4% o of garlicin and 3% of Chinese herbal medicine products in high-temperature seasons.
Preferably, when feeding, functional additives can be added into the feed, and each kilogram of the feed is usually added with 0.1g of vitamin B, 0.0 g of vitamin C, 2.0g of immune polysaccharide and 1.0g of biological enzyme activity additive (containing ginsenoside and glycoside), so that the conditional farmer can feed the feed all the year round, if the condition is not mature, the feed can be continuously fed for 3-5 days, and after 1 week, the feed can be continuously fed for 3-5 days, and the feeding is repeated in weeks.
Preferably, after rainstorm, the water quality should be rapidly measured and manually regulated, a seawater acid-base regulator can be sprayed when the pH value is low, a large amount of algae in the pond die, 10-15 cm of fresh seawater should be immediately added and the pond is fertilized, and the penaeus vannamei boone is promoted to adapt to stress reaction as soon as possible by frequently feeding medicinal baits containing immune polysaccharide, vitamin C and enzyme preparations.
preferably, before the self-seeding, 500 g of bacillus subtilis and 5L of EM (effective microorganisms) are added into the water body to form a combination, each group uses 10 mu, the combination is continuously used to reduce the accumulation of organic matters in a pond and reduce the burden caused by later management, high-quality biological preparation products are selected, for example, the use of microbial preparations such as photosynthetic bacteria and nitrobacteria can effectively improve the bottom of the pond and reduce H2S, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like, and the amount of the microbial preparations is adjusted according to weather, water dissolved oxygen and the like.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a sustainable cultivation technology for Litopenaeus vannamei and Metapenaeus affinis in an ecological pond, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) This sustainable aquaculture technique of litopenaeus vannamei and buddha's warrior attendant in ecological pond, through constructing the warm canopy, make the litopenaeus vannamei be convenient for breed, and let the sun insolate the comprehensive disinfection at the bottom of the pool and pond, make germ and bacterium in the shrimp pond extinct, appear endangering when avoiding litopenaeus vannamei and buddha's attendant shrimp to breed, and periodic water quality testing, make the data in the water be convenient for control, thereby reach the effect of prevention, make the disease in raising the shrimp fall to minimumly, reached and avoided summer breed litopenaeus vannamei, and make the frequency of disease reach minimumly in the breed.
(2) this sustainable aquaculture technique of ecological pond litopenaeus vannamei and buddha's warrior attendant shrimp, through the alternate breeding of litopenaeus vannamei and buddha's warrior attendant shrimp, avoided the single problem of destroying ecosystem of pond kind, and plant some submerged plants such as eel grass, round-time black algae etc. all around the shrimp pond for perfect ecosystem, and through these plant purification quality of water, make quality of water keep good state, and these aquatic plants can play the effect of warning if dying in addition, thereby reach the problem of having avoided destroying ecosystem.
Detailed Description
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
2. The invention provides a technical scheme that: the utility model provides a sustainable breeding technique of ecological pond litopenaeus vannamei and golden shrimp, this breeding technique adopts the temperature canopy to breed litopenaeus vannamei in two seasons of early winter, and breeds golden shrimp in summer and autumn, specifically includes following operating procedure:
The first step is as follows: selective shrimp culturing pond
the area of each shrimp pool is not fixed, generally 20 mu, the pool bottom is made of sand mud or silt, the water quality is better, the pollution is less, the plankton is abundant, the specific gravity of seawater is about 1.024, the pH value is about 8.0, an independent water inlet and outlet is arranged in the shrimp pool with the water depth of 2 m, and the water inlet and outlet are preferably independently separated, so that the requirements of shrimp culture and irrigation and drainage are met, and a water pump is required to be arranged for pumping water in the pond which can not be automatically irrigated and drained in the tidal period;
the second step is that: cleaning and management of shrimp ponds
Draining pond water for culturing shrimps, exposing the bottom of the pond to the sun for one week until the pond is cracked, thoroughly removing sludge and organic matters at the bottom of the pond, barnacles on the wall of the pond, sprinkling 90kg of quick lime per mu one month before seedling placing, uniformly distributing the quick lime at the bottom of the pond, properly placing a plurality of sludge places, turning over the pond by using a tractor and the like, exposing the pond to the sun, thoroughly sterilizing, then feeding water to 25cm, sterilizing the bottom of the pond by using a chlorine preparation, wherein the effective chlorine concentration is 30ppm (25-50 kg of bleaching powder per mu), sprinkling pool-cleaning medicines on the whole pond to kill fish, shrimps, crab eggs, bacteria, viruses and the like, planting some submerged plants such as sowthistle, black algae and the like around the shrimp pond, occupying one fourth of the bottom area, simultaneously binding bamboo branches into a broom shape, arranging the broom shapes in a water layer in a string, and establishing a greenhouse;
The third step: feeding of shrimp larvae
Selecting clear weather, stabilizing the water temperature to be above 25 ℃, starting an aerator to stir the living water body 2 hours before putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries, putting the stress product VC and the multidimensional product, putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries, avoiding stirring the pond water as much as possible, putting the fry bag into the pond to soak for 20 minutes to ensure that the water temperature in the bag is close to that in the pond and the temperature difference is not more than 3 ℃, putting the fries in the place with deeper water at the windy place along the wind, ensuring that the salinity difference between the shrimp fry pond water and the shrimp pond water is not more than 5 percent and the putting density of the shrimps is 1.0 ten thousand per mu;
the fourth step: purification of water
In the culture process, water is periodically changed according to water color, water is needed to be changed during poor water quality and heavy tide, the transparency of the pond water is always kept at about 35cm, 20g/m3 dolomite powder is splashed for 1 time and 2g/m3 sodium bicarbonate is splashed for 1 time every 10 days to adjust the total alkalinity of the water body, if the pH value is reduced to below 7.5 due to rainstorm or continuous cloudy days, quicklime is splashed for every 667mf2 kg in the whole pond, the interior of the aerator is opened for 2 days for 4 hours, sodium perborate is sprayed to the water body at the water body concentration of 1g/m3 after the aerator is closed, and then the water body is detected every week;
The fifth step: feeding of shrimp ponds
Feeding amount is generally controlled to be 5% of the weight of shrimps in the pond every day, feeding amount in the stage of young shrimps is 0.2 kg/ten thousand tails and mainly based on powdery mixed materials, feeding is carried out on the basis of slightly residues in the pond, feeding frequency is determined along with rising of water temperature and growth of and according to the density of discharged seedlings, feeding is carried out frequently in the morning and in the evening, feeding is carried out frequently in the evening and in the evening, feeding is carried out for 2 meals in the early 3 days, feeding is carried out once in the afternoon and in the afternoon, opening is carried out for 0.5kg/10 ten thousand tails, feeding fairy-year worms is carried out conditionally, and feeding is carried out once in the afternoon and after every day by 0.5kg/10 ten thousand tails; feeding 0 material for 4-15 days, three meals a day, wherein the amount of the bait fed at 6:30 is 30%, the amount of the bait fed at 12:00 is 40%, and the amount of the bait fed at 19:00 is 30%; feeding 4 meals after 16 times (the material amount ratio is respectively 20%, 30% and 20%), 6:30, 10:30, 16:30 and 21: 00;
and a sixth step: disease control
Applying high-concentration photosynthetic bacteria, spraying the photosynthetic bacteria on zeolite or sand, scattering the photosynthetic bacteria on the bottom of the pond, stabilizing the ecological environment of the bottom of the pond, or adopting a bacillus subtilis preparation (the titer is 2 multiplied by 1010 viable bacteria/g), timely using biological fertilizer water king after the water quality becomes clear, adding bioactive substances containing a large amount of ginseng extract, nucleotide, amino acid polypeptide, enzyme and glycoside and 5-8% "anti-disease slow elements" into the feed, and then disinfecting the shrimp pond with quick lime every week;
The seventh step: salvaging and throwing
when the shrimps grow to the mature period, no diseases exist, the shrimps can be harvested, then the diamondback shrimps are thrown according to the third step, and then the steps are circulated.
the feed is difficult to be detected by observing a net in the first 30 days of feeding of the shrimp pond, the feed is preferably detected within 2.5-3 hours after feeding on the basis of generally checking that no residual feed is left on a bait table in the following meals, the feed can be fed less or not when the weather is hot or thunderstorm exists, so that the feed coefficient can be reduced and the pollution pressure of water can be relieved, the digestion and absorption, the immunity and the anti-stress capability of the prawns are improved, a multi-dimensional product 3% o, a lactic acid bacteria 2% o are added into the feed regularly, the feed is continuously fed for 5 days, 2 meals are fed every day, a garlicin 2% o-4% o and a Chinese herbal medicine product 3% are added in a high-temperature season, a functional additive can be added into the feed when the feed is fed, and a vitamin B0.1g, a vitamin C0 g, an immune polysaccharide additive and a biological enzyme activity additive (containing ginsenoside and glycoconjugate) are added into each kilogram of the feed usually, conditional breeders can feed for a long time, if the conditions are immature, the aquaculture system can continuously feed for 3-5 days after 1 week, the aquaculture system can repeatedly and weekly, the water quality is quickly measured after rainstorm and manually regulated, a seawater acid-base regulator can be sprayed when the pH value is low, a large amount of algae in the pond die, 10-15 cm of fresh seawater is immediately added and fertilized, medicinal baits containing immune polysaccharide, vitamin C and enzyme preparations are frequently fed to promote penaeus vannamei to adapt to stress reaction as soon as possible, 500 g of bacillus subtilis and 5L of EM (effective microorganisms) are added into the water body to form a combination before self-seeding, each group uses 10 mu, the accumulation of organic matters in the pond is continuously used, the burden caused by later-stage management is reduced, and high-quality biological preparation products such as photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria and other microbial preparations can effectively improve the bottom of the pond, Reduce H2S, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, and adjust the amount of microbial preparation according to the weather and the dissolved oxygen in water.
in conclusion, the sustainable cultivation technology for the litopenaeus vannamei and the rimantan in the ecological pond has the advantages that the greenhouse is constructed, the litopenaeus vannamei is convenient to cultivate, the sun is exposed to the bottom of the pond and the pond for comprehensive disinfection, germs and bacteria in the shrimp pond are killed, harm to the litopenaeus vannamei and the rimantan during cultivation is avoided, and the data in the water body is convenient to control through regular water quality detection, so that the prevention effect is achieved, the disease in shrimp culture is minimized, the litopenaeus vannamei cultivation in summer is avoided, and the frequency of the disease in cultivation is minimized; through the alternate breeding of the litopenaeus vannamei and the penaeus adamantine, the problem that the ecological system is damaged by the single type of the pond is avoided, some submerged plants such as the bitter herbs and the round-trip hydrilla verticillata are planted around the shrimp pond, the ecological system is improved, the water quality is purified through the plants, the water quality is kept in a good state, and the plants in the water can play a role in alarming if the plants die, so that the problem that the ecological system is damaged is solved.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a sustainable breeding technique of ecological pond litopenaeus vannamei and golden crayfish which characterized in that: the cultivation technology adopts the greenhouse to cultivate the litopenaeus vannamei in the early winter and the penaeus adamantine in summer and autumn, and specifically comprises the following operation steps:
The first step is as follows: selective shrimp culturing pond
The area of each shrimp pool is not fixed, generally 20 mu, the pool bottom is made of sand mud or silt, the water quality is better, the pollution is less, the plankton is abundant, the specific gravity of seawater is about 1.024, the pH value is about 8.0, an independent water inlet and outlet is arranged in the shrimp pool with the water depth of 2 m, and the water inlet and outlet are preferably independently separated, so that the requirements of shrimp culture and irrigation and drainage are met, and a water pump is required to be arranged for pumping water in the pond which can not be automatically irrigated and drained in the tidal period;
The second step is that: cleaning and management of shrimp ponds
draining pond water for culturing shrimps, exposing the bottom of the pond to the sun for one week until the pond is cracked, thoroughly removing sludge and organic matters at the bottom of the pond, barnacles on the wall of the pond, sprinkling 90kg of quick lime per mu one month before seedling placing, uniformly distributing the quick lime at the bottom of the pond, properly placing a plurality of sludge places, turning over the pond by using a tractor and the like, exposing the pond to the sun, thoroughly sterilizing, then feeding water to 25cm, sterilizing the bottom of the pond by using a chlorine preparation, wherein the effective chlorine concentration is 30ppm (25-50 kg of bleaching powder per mu), sprinkling pool-cleaning medicines on the whole pond to kill fish, shrimps, crab eggs, bacteria, viruses and the like, planting some submerged plants such as sowthistle, black algae and the like around the shrimp pond, occupying one fourth of the bottom area, simultaneously binding bamboo branches into a broom shape, arranging the broom shapes in a water layer in a string, and establishing a greenhouse;
the third step: feeding of shrimp larvae
selecting clear weather, stabilizing the water temperature to be above 25 ℃, starting an aerator to stir the living water body 2 hours before putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries, putting the stress product VC and the multidimensional product, putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries, avoiding stirring the pond water as much as possible, putting the fry bag into the pond to soak for 20 minutes to ensure that the water temperature in the bag is close to that in the pond and the temperature difference is not more than 3 ℃, putting the fries in the place with deeper water at the windy place along the wind, ensuring that the salinity difference between the shrimp fry pond water and the shrimp pond water is not more than 5 percent and the putting density of the shrimps is 1.0 ten thousand per mu;
the fourth step: purification of water
In the culture process, water is periodically changed according to water color, water is needed to be changed during poor water quality and heavy tide, the transparency of the pond water is always kept at about 35cm, 20g/m3 dolomite powder is splashed for 1 time and 2g/m3 sodium bicarbonate is splashed for 1 time every 10 days to adjust the total alkalinity of the water body, if the pH value is reduced to below 7.5 due to rainstorm or continuous cloudy days, quicklime is splashed for every 667mf2 kg in the whole pond, the interior of the aerator is opened for 2 days for 4 hours, sodium perborate is sprayed to the water body at the water body concentration of 1g/m3 after the aerator is closed, and then the water body is detected every week;
The fifth step: feeding of shrimp ponds
Feeding amount is generally controlled to be 5% of the weight of shrimps in the pond every day, feeding amount in the stage of young shrimps is 0.2 kg/ten thousand tails and mainly based on powdery mixed materials, feeding is carried out on the basis of slightly residues in the pond, feeding frequency is determined along with rising of water temperature and growth of and according to the density of discharged seedlings, feeding is carried out frequently in the morning and in the evening, feeding is carried out frequently in the evening and in the evening, feeding is carried out for 2 meals in the early 3 days, feeding is carried out once in the afternoon and in the afternoon, opening is carried out for 0.5kg/10 ten thousand tails, feeding fairy-year worms is carried out conditionally, and feeding is carried out once in the afternoon and after every day by 0.5kg/10 ten thousand tails; feeding 0 material for 4-15 days, three meals a day, wherein the amount of the bait fed at 6:30 is 30%, the amount of the bait fed at 12:00 is 40%, and the amount of the bait fed at 19:00 is 30%; feeding 4 meals after 16 times (the material amount ratio is respectively 20%, 30% and 20%), 6:30, 10:30, 16:30 and 21: 00;
And a sixth step: disease control
Applying high-concentration photosynthetic bacteria, spraying the photosynthetic bacteria on zeolite or sand, scattering the photosynthetic bacteria on the bottom of the pond, stabilizing the ecological environment of the bottom of the pond, or adopting a bacillus subtilis preparation (the titer is 2 multiplied by 1010 viable bacteria/g), timely using biological fertilizer water king after the water quality becomes clear, adding bioactive substances containing a large amount of ginseng extract, nucleotide, amino acid polypeptide, enzyme and glycoside and 5-8% "anti-disease slow elements" into the feed, and then disinfecting the shrimp pond with quick lime every week;
The seventh step: salvaging and throwing
When the shrimps grow to the mature period, no diseases exist, the shrimps can be harvested, then the diamondback shrimps are thrown according to the third step, and then the steps are circulated.
2. The sustainable cultivation technology for the litopenaeus vannamei and the giant freshwater shrimps in the ecological pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the material is difficult to be measured through the observation net in the first 30 days of feeding of the shrimp pond, generally, the principle that no residual bait is left on a diet inspection bait table is used as a principle, the good result is obtained when the shrimp pond is fed within 2.5-3 hours after feeding, the good result is obtained when the shrimp pond is measured in the middle and later periods within 2-2.5 hours, and the shrimp pond can be fed less or not when the weather is sultry or thunderstorm occurs, so that the feed coefficient can be reduced, and the pollution pressure of a water body can be relieved.
3. The sustainable cultivation technology for the litopenaeus vannamei and the giant freshwater shrimps in the ecological pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the feed for improving the digestion and absorption, the immunity and the anti-stress capability of the prawns is characterized in that 3% of multi-vitamin products and 2% of lactic acid bacteria are added into the feed regularly, the multi-vitamin products are continuously fed for 5 days and are fed for 2 meals every day, 2% o-4% of garlicin and 3% of Chinese herbal medicine products are added in high-temperature seasons.
4. The sustainable cultivation technology for the litopenaeus vannamei and the giant freshwater shrimps in the ecological pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the feed is used for feeding, functional additives can be added into the feed, and each kilogram of feed is usually added with 0.1g of vitamin B, 0.0 g of vitamin C, 2.0g of immune polysaccharide and 1.0g of biological enzyme activity additive (containing ginsenoside and glycoside), so that a conditional farmer can feed the feed all the year round, if the condition is not mature, the feed can be continuously fed for 3-5 days, and after 1 week, the feed can be continuously fed for 3-5 days, and the feeding is repeated in weeks.
5. The sustainable cultivation technology for the litopenaeus vannamei and the giant freshwater shrimps in the ecological pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after rainstorm, the water quality should be rapidly measured and manually regulated, some seawater acid-base regulator can be sprayed when the pH value is low, a great amount of algae in the pond die, 10-15 cm of fresh seawater should be immediately added and the pond is fertilized, and the penaeus vannamei boone is promoted to adapt to stress reaction as soon as possible by often feeding medicinal baits containing immune polysaccharide, vitamin C and enzyme preparations.
6. The sustainable cultivation technology for the litopenaeus vannamei and the giant freshwater shrimps in the ecological pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: before the self-seeding, 500 g of bacillus subtilis and 5L of EM (effective microorganisms) are added into the water body to form a combination, each group uses 10 mu, the accumulation of organic matters in a pond is reduced by continuous use, the burden brought by later management is reduced, high-quality biological preparation products are selected, for example, the bottom of the pond can be effectively improved by using microbial preparations such as photosynthetic bacteria and nitrobacteria, H2S, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite can be reduced, and the amount of the microbial preparations is adjusted according to the conditions such as weather and water body dissolved oxygen.
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Application publication date: 20191213 |