CN106332821A - Greenhouse multi-crop ecological cultivation method for penaeus vannamei - Google Patents
Greenhouse multi-crop ecological cultivation method for penaeus vannamei Download PDFInfo
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- CN106332821A CN106332821A CN201610709983.5A CN201610709983A CN106332821A CN 106332821 A CN106332821 A CN 106332821A CN 201610709983 A CN201610709983 A CN 201610709983A CN 106332821 A CN106332821 A CN 106332821A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse multi-crop ecological cultivation technology for penaeus vannamei. The technology mainly comprises the steps: (1) building a penaeus vannamei greenhouse cultivation facility; (2) preparing before putting young penaeus vannamei; (3) putting the young penaeus vannamei and performing desalination management; (4) performing water environment management; (5) throwing feed; (6) preventing and controlling diseases; (7) catching and the like. The technology can be implemented by adjusting measures to local conditions and is high in operability, and the cultivation yield of the penaeus vannamei is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of culture of Penaeus vannamei method, more particularly to a kind of many batches of ecologies of Penaeus vannamei booth
Cultural method, belongs to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Penaeus vannamei, originates in the pacific warm water waters in Latin America, because having high temperature resistant, resistance to less salt, life
Long fast, premunition is strong, out-of-water survival time length, high to protein requirements the features such as become universally acknowledged excellent breed variety
One of.Penaeus vannamei, since introducing China and in succession breaking through intensive culture and full artificial breeding technology, has been subject to raiser deeply
Favor, occurs in that multiple aquaculture models, becomes a species with fastest developing speed in China's aquatic animal, cultured output reaches
To China's cultured prawn yield 80%～90%.But in recent years, it is high that breeding water body ecological deterioration has become Penaeus vannamei
One of major reason that density pond culture sickness rate remains high, high incidence seriously limits the raising of culture benefit, with
When also bring risk to prawn culturing industry.
Content of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of many batches of ecologies of Penaeus vannamei booth are supported
Grow method, reduce disposal of pollutants, realize stable high yield.
The technical scheme is that such: a kind of many batches of ecological cultivation methods of Penaeus vannamei booth, including following
Step:
S1, booth breeding facility are built: adopt steel structure nylon membrane facility plastic greenhouse to cover on cultivating pool, pond area exists
4500m2～6670m2, pond bottom longitudinally sets blowdown ditch, and described blowdown ditch central authorities set mudhole, pond depth of water 2.5m～3m,
Vertical aeration tube and the upper, middle and lower horizontal aeration pipe, described lower floor horizontal aeration pipe are set in cultivating pool water body
It is arranged at pool bottom 5cm～10cm；The horizontal aeration tube in described middle level is arranged at the 1/3h of pool bottom, and h is the depth of water；Described
The horizontal aeration tube in upper strata is arranged at water surface 50cm；Described vertical aeration tube is exposed with the upper, middle and lower level respectively
Trachea connects and by micro-pore oxygenation machine oxygen supply, and pond area 1.5kw/667m pressed by described micro-pore oxygenation machine2Setting；Pond surface is adopted
With impeller automatic aerator carry out water surface oxygen supplement, described by impeller automatic aerator pond area 1.5kw/667m2Setting；
S2, put the preparation of before seedling: a, the preparation of ponds: before every batch of cultivation, cultivating pool is carried out removing contamination smooth, use after drying
Quick lime presses pond area 150kg/667m2～200kg/667m2Carry out disinfection, then add water to depth of water 50cm, pressed with bleaching powder
Pond area 20kg/667m2Full pool spilling head is sterilized, the dry in the sun of the dry pool；B, cultivation rich water: after leveling sterilization end 3 days, start to receive
Water, is filtered to water inlet with 80 mesh nylon bolting silks, depth of water 50cm；Water inlet finishes, by pond area 1.5kg/667m2～2kg/
667m2, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio carries out fertile pond for 100:10:1, and the nitrate content in water is in below 40mg/l；
S3, put Seedling and desalination management: a, juvenile prawn desalting breeding pond setting: one jiao in cultivating pool is enclosed 200m2～300m2,
It is highly the desalting breeding pond of 100cm, desalting breeding water keeps 80cm, salinity 2 ‰ deeply；B, put the Seedling time: put Seedling for first batch
Time is the first ten-day period of the March, and second batch is the first tenday period of a month in July, and the 3rd batch is the first tenday period of a month in September, puts in a suitable place to breed long through the thick body cultivated of one-level desalination mark
1.0cm seed, density 60000 tails/667m based on the area in pond2～80000 tails/667m2；C, the management of juvenile prawn desalting breeding: put
Miao Shi, cultivating pool transparency is 30cm～40cm；More than 20 DEG C of water temperature, desalting breeding pond is less than 2 DEG C with pond water temperature difference, light
Change phase 5d～7d, changes water 5.0cm daily, and dissolved oxygen is maintained at more than 5mg/l, and feedstuff feeds 5g by every ten thousand tail shrimp seedlings first, after
The daily 10% increase throwing amount of raising, feeds 4 feedstuffs daily；
S4, water environment management: a, water temperature require: during whole cultivation, water temperature preferably controls at 25 DEG C；B, water body exchange: cultivation
Early stage progressively adds water to culturing pool, and add water 5cm～10cm daily, starts progressively to change water during the long 5cm～6cm of shrimp body, daily discharge
Cultivation tail water 20%, adds water 25%, after cultivating pool water level reaches 2.5m, day quantity of exchanged water control the 30% of full pond；C, increasing
The use of oxygen machine: whole day 24h start oxygen supplement during cultivation；
S5, feedstuff are thrown in: should be more than 30% feedstuff using crude protein content, feed 4 feedstuffs daily；
S6, harvesting: when in pond become shrimp 30% reach more than 11cm when, caught using cage net stay greatly little；When water temperature is less than
When 12 DEG C, all fish for.
Preferably, described pond wall is xoncrete structure or soil property is hard-caked sediment, and pond bottom is in pan bottom shape structure.
Preferably, each pipe of described vertical aeration tube is spaced apart 2m, and each pipe of the horizontal aeration tube in described upper strata is spaced apart
40cm, each pipe of the horizontal aeration tube in described middle level is spaced apart 40cm, and each pipe of described lower floor horizontal aeration pipe is spaced apart 40cm.
Preferably, feeding 4 feedstuffs daily in described step s3 and s5 is respectively: 8:00 feeds the 20% of feedstuff total amount,
15%, 17:00～18:00 that 13:00～14:00 feeds feedstuff total amount feeds 25%, 22:00 of feedstuff total amount to feed feedstuff total
The 40% of amount.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the present invention is:
(1) precise control is carried out to the temperature of breeding production by the construction of steel structure nylon membrane facility plastic greenhouse, using heating,
The synergy of the facilities such as ventilation, sunshade and circulation ensures that the water temperature of breeding water body in facility plastic greenhouse is accurately controlled in prawn growth
Between 25 DEG C～30 DEG C of optimum temperature, it is that Penaeus vannamei three batches of high and stable yields in year cultivation provides solid foundation.
(2) on effective guarantee cultivation efficiency basis, efficiently net by aeration oxygen replenishing technology, ecological wetland to breeding water body
Change technology, not only reduces disposal of pollutants, and achieves cultivation tail water cycling and reutilization, contributes to energy-saving and emission-reduction, cost efficiency.
(3) reasonable utilization facility facility temperature canopy with ensure the stability of breeding water body physical and chemical factor it is ensured that aeration oxygen replenishing,
Bacterium algae balance regulation, breeding water purify the operating of the technology normality such as recirculation it is achieved that the stable high yield of cultivation.
(4) according to cultivating situations such as water quality, bait needed for culture of Penaeus vannamei, using oxygen-enriching technology and combine water
Matter control technique, avoids conventional cultivation and lists the stage in a large number, can achieve per mu volume increase 50,000 yuan, direct economic benefit is obvious.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but not as a limitation of the invention.
A kind of many batches of ecological cultivation methods of Penaeus vannamei booth, comprise the steps:
S1, Penaeus vannamei booth breeding facility are built: adopt steel structure nylon membrane facility plastic greenhouse to cover on cultivating pool,
Pond area is in 4500m2～6670m2, Aspect Ratio can arrange according to landform.Pond wall is xoncrete structure or soil property is hard-caked sediment,
Pond bottom is in pan bottom shape structure.Pond bottom longitudinally sets blowdown ditch, and ditch central authorities set mudhole, with the polyethylene of caliber 160cm
Blow-off pipe is connected with mudhole, pond depth of water 2.5m～3m.Lay oxygenation aeration pipe in cultivating pool water body, including vertical exposure
(lower floor's aeration tube is suspended at pool bottom 5cm～10cm for trachea and the upper, middle and lower horizontal aeration pipe；Mid-water
Flat aeration tube is arranged at the 1/3h of pool bottom, and h is the depth of water；The horizontal aeration tube in upper strata is arranged at water surface 50cm) level
Aeration tube each pipe interval 40cm, vertical aeration tube each pipe interval 2m, are linked with three-way valve between vertical and each layer horizontal aeration pipe,
Supported by micro-pore oxygenation machine, pond area 1.5kw/667m pressed by micro-pore oxygenation machine2Setting；Meanwhile, fill to ensure bottom aeration
Point, air demand sufficient, water surface oxygen supplement is carried out using single impeller automatic aerator, impeller automatic aerator presses pond area 1.5kw/
667m2Setting.
S2, put the preparation of before seedling: a, the preparation of ponds: in time cultivating pool will be carried out before every batch of cultivation removing contamination smooth, shine
Quick lime 150kg/667m is used after dry2～200kg/667m2Carry out disinfection, then add water to depth of water 50cm, press pond with bleaching powder
Area 20kg/67m2Full pool spilling head is sterilized, and thoroughly kills harmful organisms and harmful microorganism in pond, the dry in the sun of the dry pool；B, cultivation
Rich water: after leveling sterilization end 3 days, start Na Shui, with 80 mesh nylon bolting silks, water inlet is filtered, depth of water 50cm is advisable.Enter
Water finishes, and carries out fertile pond, during fertilising, nitrogenous fertilizer 1.5kg/667m2～2kg/667m2, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 100:10:1, cement bottom
Preferably using inorganic fertilizer, mud bottom culturing pool advocates manure use to culturing pool, and fertilizer proportion must not be less than 50%；Should control
Fertilizer application total amount, the nitrate content in water is in below 40mg/l；Fertilizer application should meet the regulation of ny/t 394-2000.
S3, put Seedling and desalination management: a, the setting of juvenile prawn desalting breeding pond: at one jiao of cultivating pool with colour bar cloth or earth dam
Enclose 200m2～300m2, highly for 100cm about desalting breeding pond, the depth of water keep 80cm, salinity 2 ‰；B, put the Seedling time: one
As first batch put the Seedling time be the first ten-day period of the March, second batch be the first tenday period of a month in July, the 3rd batch be the first tenday period of a month in September, put in a suitable place to breed through one-level desalinate mark
The thick 1.0cm cultivating about large size seedling seed, density 60000 tails/667m based on the area in pond2～80000 tails/667m2.c、
Juvenile prawn desalting breeding manages: when putting Seedling, cultivating pool transparency is 30cm～40cm；More than 20 DEG C of water temperature (desalting breeding pond with
Cultivating pool water temperature difference is less than 2 DEG C)；Desalination phase 5d～7d, changes water 5.0cm, continuous qi of chong channel ascending adversely oxygen supplement, dissolved oxygen is maintained at 5mg/ daily
More than l.Based on No. 0 granular mixed feed, every ten thousand tail shrimp seedlings feed 5g to feedstuff, with the daily 10% increase throwing amount of raising, daily throwing
Feed 4 times, 20%, 13:00～14:00 that 8:00 feeds feedstuff total amount feeds 15%, the 17:00～18:00 of feedstuff total amount and feeds
25%, 22:00 of feedstuff total amount feeds the 40% of feedstuff total amount, can increase throwing 1-2 time if necessary, the few diligent throwing of the amount of being essentially, that is,
Flexibly grasped according to situations such as shrimp seedling density, specification size, water quality.The feeds utilized requirement that should meet ny 5072-2002.
S4, water environment management: a, water quality index: source quality should meet the requirement of gb 11607-1989, pond water quality should
Meet the requirement of ny 5051-2001；B, water temperature require: during whole cultivation, water temperature preferably controls at 25 DEG C about.First batch of cultivation
Early stage and the 3rd batch of later stage, when outside air temperature is relatively low, booth to be closed in time, be heated with electrical bar；In season in midsummer, open in time
Open booth, when water temperature is continued above 32 DEG C, remove whole cover film；C, water body exchange: cultivation early stage is to culturing pool progressively
Add water, add water 5cm～10cm daily, start progressively to change water during the long 5cm～6cm of shrimp body, daily discharge cultivation tail water 20%, add water
25%, after culturing pool water level reaches 2.5m, day quantity of exchanged water control the 30% about of full pond.D, the use of microbial ecological agent:
After shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, the microbial ecological agent through country's license can be used to control water quality；E, the use of aerator: whole day during cultivation
24h start oxygen supplement.
S5, feedstuff throw in: the feedstuff of use should meet the regulation of ny 5072-2002, crude protein content should be 30% with
On.Every day feeding volume see table.Every bu feeds for 4 times, and Feeding time and ratio can be according to steps s3.
S6, disease control: a, prevention: seed Quarantine disinfection, it is to avoid external source pathogen brings breeding water body into.Monthly regular
Using once sterilizing agent；B, treatment: find disease, in time detection, suit the remedy to the case.Should meet ny5071-2002's using medicine
Regulation.
The technology such as s7, harvesting: when in pond become shrimp 30% reach more than 11cm when, caught using cage net stay greatly little.Work as water temperature
During less than 12 DEG C, should all harvest in time and fish for, in order to avoid cold injury or freeze to death.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of many batches of ecological cultivation methods of Penaeus vannamei booth it is characterised in that: comprise the steps,
S1, booth breeding facility are built: adopt steel structure nylon membrane facility plastic greenhouse to cover on cultivating pool, pond area exists
4500m2～6670m2, pond bottom longitudinally sets blowdown ditch, and described blowdown ditch central authorities set mudhole, pond depth of water 2.5m～3m,
Vertical aeration tube and the upper, middle and lower horizontal aeration pipe, described lower floor horizontal aeration pipe are set in cultivating pool water body
It is arranged at pool bottom 5cm～10cm；The horizontal aeration tube in described middle level is arranged at the 1/3h of pool bottom, and h is the depth of water；Described
The horizontal aeration tube in upper strata is arranged at water surface 50cm；Described vertical aeration tube is exposed with the upper, middle and lower level respectively
Trachea connects and by micro-pore oxygenation machine oxygen supply, and pond area 1.5kw/667m pressed by described micro-pore oxygenation machine2Setting；Pond surface is adopted
With impeller automatic aerator carry out water surface oxygen supplement, described by impeller automatic aerator pond area 1.5kw/667m2Setting；
S2, put the preparation of before seedling: a, the preparation of ponds: before every batch of cultivation, cultivating pool is carried out removing contamination smooth, after drying, use calculogenesis
Ash presses pond area 150kg/667m2～200kg/667m2Carry out disinfection, then add water to depth of water 50cm, press pond with bleaching powder
Area 20kg/667m2Full pool spilling head is sterilized, the dry in the sun of the dry pool；B, cultivation rich water: after leveling sterilization end 3 days, start Na Shui, use
80 mesh nylon bolting silks filter to water inlet, depth of water 50cm；Water inlet finishes, by pond area 1.5kg/667m2～2kg/667m2,
Nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio carries out fertile pond for 100:10:1, and the nitrate content in water is in below 40mg/l；
S3, put Seedling and desalination management: a, juvenile prawn desalting breeding pond setting: one jiao in cultivating pool is enclosed 200m2～300m2, highly
Desalting breeding pond for 100cm, desalting breeding water keeps 80cm, salinity 2 ‰ deeply；B, put the Seedling time: put the Seedling time for first batch
For the first ten-day period of the March, second batch is the first tenday period of a month in July, and the 3rd batch is the first tenday period of a month in September, puts in a suitable place to breed long through the thick body cultivated of one-level desalination mark
1.0cm seed, density 60000 tails/667m based on the area in pond2～80000 tails/667m2；C, the management of juvenile prawn desalting breeding: put
Miao Shi, cultivating pool transparency is 30cm～40cm；More than 20 DEG C of water temperature, desalting breeding pond is less than 2 DEG C with pond water temperature difference, light
Change phase 5d～7d, changes water 5.0cm daily, and dissolved oxygen is maintained at more than 5mg/l, and feedstuff feeds 5g by every ten thousand tail shrimp seedlings first, after
The daily 10% increase throwing amount of raising, feeds 4 feedstuffs daily；
S4, water environment management: a, water temperature require: during whole cultivation, water temperature preferably controls at 25 DEG C；B, water body exchange: cultivation early stage
Progressively add water to culturing pool, add water 5cm～10cm daily, start progressively to change water during the long 5cm～6cm of shrimp body, daily discharge cultivation
Tail water 20%, adds water 25%, after cultivating pool water level reaches 2.5m, day quantity of exchanged water control the 30% of full pond；C, aerator
Use: during cultivation whole day 24h start oxygen supplement；
S5, feedstuff are thrown in: should be more than 30% feedstuff using crude protein content, feed 4 feedstuffs daily；
S6, harvesting: when in pond become shrimp 30% reach more than 11cm when, caught using cage net stay greatly little；When water temperature is less than 12 DEG C
When, all fish for.
2. many batches of ecological cultivation methods of Penaeus vannamei booth according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described pond wall
It is xoncrete structure or soil property is hard-caked sediment, pond bottom is in pan bottom shape structure.
3. many batches of ecological cultivation methods of Penaeus vannamei booth according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described vertical exposure
Each pipe of trachea is spaced apart 2m, and each pipe of the horizontal aeration tube in described upper strata is spaced apart 40cm, the horizontal aeration tube in described middle level each
Pipe is spaced apart 40cm, and each pipe of described lower floor horizontal aeration pipe is spaced apart 40cm.
4. many batches of ecological cultivation methods of Penaeus vannamei booth according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described step s3
With feeding 4 feedstuffs in s5 daily it is respectively: 20%, 13:00～14:00 that 8:00 feeds feedstuff total amount feeds feedstuff total amount
25%, the 22:00 that 15%, 17:00～18:00 feeds feedstuff total amount feeds the 40% of feedstuff total amount.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110122386A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-16 | 渤海水产股份有限公司 | A method of being suitble to high salinity mariculture prawn |
| CN110226546A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-13 | 漳州闽辉铭智水产科技有限公司 | It is suitble to the method for south industrial aquaculture prawn |
| CN110558260A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-13 | 龙海市顺源水产科技有限公司 | Sustainable cultivation technology for litopenaeus vannamei and giant freshwater shrimps in ecological pond |
| CN111084133A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-05-01 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Method for carrying out three-crop cultivation of macrobrachium rosenbergii by using greenhouse |
| CN112931339A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-11 | 丁理法 | Penaeus vannamei Boone tarpaulin pond graded breeding method |
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| CN106332821B (en) | 2019-04-16 |
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