Background
The eleutheronema tetradactylum is a warm marine fish, has wide salt property, and can live in fresh water, brackish water and seawater environments. Inhabit on the sand bottom or the mud bottom, and enter the shallow water area and the river mouth of the coastal area within 23 m of the water depth and also enter the river downstream river section. Food-borne impurities, mainly feed on benthic organisms. The juvenile fish inhabit at the river mouth and feed on invertebrates such as cladocera, copepods, endpods and isopods; the horns, 50 mm in body length, feed on larval and hairy species of Arthropoda, cephalopoda, shrimps. Adult fish is fed by frightening fish (mainly fishes of Mugilidae and Shishou fish). Widely distributed in the north of the indian ocean and the west of the pacific ocean, from the eastern gulf to the eastern babuyas new guinea and north of australia, to the north to china and japan.
At present, desalination culture of important seawater culture economic fishes becomes an important development direction of aquaculture, the culture range can be expanded by realizing low-salinity culture of eleutheronema tetradactylum, the culture cost is reduced, and the income of culture enterprises and farmers is increased.
Through search, the invention patent with the Chinese patent number of CN105580763B discloses an artificial low-salt seedling method for eleutheronema tetradactylum, which comprises the following steps: hatching offspring seeds, namely selecting fertilized eggs which are naturally spawned and naturally fertilized by parent fishes to hatch in natural seawater; low-salt domestication, (1) low-salt domestication treatment of seedlings in the first stage; (2) second-stage low-salt domestication treatment of seedlings; (3) and the third stage of low-salt domestication treatment of seedlings. According to the seedling raising method, the seedlings are subjected to low-salt domestication in the larval stage, so that the death rate of the seedlings can be reduced, and the seedling raising work is simple and easy to implement.
However, in the process of using the method, the low-salt breeding of eleutheronemate tetradactylum is realized by gradually reducing the salinity, but when the salinity of the eleutheronemate is reduced to be below 3, the osmotic sample of the eleutheronemate tetradactylum is unbalanced due to the reduction of the salinity, so that the eleutheronemate tetradactylum is stressed, the survival rate of the eleutheronemate tetradactylum is reduced, and a monitoring system for the external environment is lacked, so that a low-salt-resistant culture method of the eleutheronemate tetradactylum is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, when the salinity of eleutheronemate tetradactylum is reduced to be below 3, the salinity of the eleutheronemate tetradactylum is reduced, so that the osmotic sample of the eleutheronemate tetradactylum is unbalanced, the eleutheronemate tetradactylum is stressed, and the survival rate of the eleutheronemate tetradactylum is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating low-salt-resistant eleutheronema tetradactylum comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting breeding places: selecting a pond area of between 5 and 10 mu, simultaneously ensuring that the depth of the pond is more than 1.8 m, cleaning the pond before culture, primarily treating the pond by insolating the fish pond and adding bleaching powder, and adjusting the transparency and salinity of pond water in the pond by adding fertilizer and compound microorganisms after treatment;
step two: adding bait: adding shrimp fries into the pond, simultaneously carrying out fry water testing, and carrying out large-scale fish fry feeding when the survival rate of the fish fries reaches over 90 percent, wherein the salinity in the pond is 28 at the moment, and the water temperature is 23.3-26.4 ℃;
step three: the first stage taming: culturing eleutheronema tetradactylum put into the pond for 4 days to finish the first-stage domestication;
step four: the second stage taming: carrying out gradient reduction on salinity in the pond, wherein the salinity is reduced by 0.8-1.2 per day until the salinity in the pond is 20.1-21.3;
step five: the third stage taming: continuously reducing the salinity in the pond, and adjusting the daily salinity reduction to 1.5-2.1 until the salinity in the pond is reduced to 5.1-5.8;
step six: the fourth stage taming: at the moment, the content of microorganisms and shrimp fries in the pond is increased, VC, active ginseng and the like are added into the fish pond to reduce the stress response of fish swarms, and the daily salinity in the pond is reduced to be 0.5-0.8 until the salinity in the pond is 1.5-1.8.
The above technical solution further comprises:
the eleutheronema tetradactylum needs to be cultured in seawater for 4 days before being put into a pond, and microorganisms and salinity in the seawater are adjusted to be equal in the pond within 4 days.
When the eleutheronema tetradactylum is put into a pond, an anti-stress product such as VC is added into the pond, and an air inlet of the pond is formed at the throwing position of the eleutheronema tetradacum.
An external environment detection system is arranged in the pond, the external environment is monitored in real time through the external environment monitoring system, an alarm is given when the influence of irritability such as thunder strike occurs, and VC, vitality parameter and the like are added in time to reduce the stress response of the fish school.
The dissolved oxygen in the pond is controlled to be 5.1-7.6 mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen rate in the pond is monitored through an environment detection system.
The addition of feed to the pond is reduced in case of a change in the external environment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the low-salt culture of the eleutheronema tetradactylum is realized through the matching use of the first stage discipline, the second stage discipline, the third stage discipline and the fourth stage discipline, and VC, vigor ginseng and the like are added into a pond in the fourth stage discipline to reduce the stress response of the fish school, so that the emergency response of the eleutheronema tetradactylum when the salinity is reduced to be below 3 is reduced, and the normal growth of the eleutheronema tetradactylum is ensured through timely regulating microorganisms and feeds in the pond.
2. According to the invention, the monitoring system of the external environment is arranged to monitor the external environment in real time, alarm is given when the irritability influence such as thunder strike occurs, and VC, vigor ginseng and the like are added in time to reduce the stress response of fish schools.
Detailed Description
Example one
Firstly, selecting a pond area of between 5 and 10 mu, simultaneously ensuring that the depth of the pond is more than 1.8 m, cleaning the pond before culture, primarily treating the pond by insolating the fish pond and adding bleaching powder, and adjusting the transparency and salinity of pond water in the pond by adding fertilizer and compound microorganisms after treatment;
secondly, adding shrimp fries into the pond, simultaneously testing water for the fry, and putting the fry in a large scale when the survival rate of the fry reaches over 90 percent, wherein the salinity in the pond is 28 and the water temperature is 23.3-26.4 ℃;
before the eleutheronema tetradactylum is put into a pond, the eleutheronema tetradactylum needs to be cultured in seawater for 4 days, and the microorganisms and the salinity in the seawater are adjusted to be equal in the pond within 4 days;
thirdly, low-salt taming: culturing eleutheronema tetradactylum put into a pond for 4 days to finish first-stage domestication, when the eleutheronema tetradactylum is put into the pond, firstly adding anti-stress products such as VC (vitamin C) and the like into the pond, and simultaneously arranging an upper wind port of the pond at the place where the eleutheronema tetradactylum is put;
performing gradient reduction on salinity in the pond, wherein the salinity per day is reduced by 0.8-1.2 until the salinity in the pond is 20.1-21.3, and finishing the second-stage domestication;
continuing to reduce the salinity in the pond, adjusting the daily salinity reduction to 1.5-2.1 until the salinity in the pond is reduced to 5.1-5.8, and completing the third stage of domestication;
at the moment, increasing the content of microorganisms and shrimp larvae in the pond, simultaneously adding VC, active ginseng and the like into the fish pond to reduce the stress response of fish swarms, adjusting the daily salinity reduction in the pond to be 0.5-0.8 until the salinity in the pond is 1.5-1.8, and finishing the fourth-stage domestication;
set up external environment detecting system in the inside in pond, carry out real time monitoring to the environment of outside through external environment monitoring system, send out the police dispatch newspaper when irritability influences such as the thunderstorm appear, and in time add VC, the stress response of reduction shoal of vigor ginseng etc. the inside dissolved oxygen control in pond is at 5.1 ~ 7.6mg/L, and monitor the inside dissolved oxygen rate in pond through environment detecting system, reduce the interpolation to fodder in the pond under the condition of external environment transform.
Based on the method for cultivating the low-salt-resistant eleutheronema tetradactylum in the first embodiment, the number of the added fish fries is 1000, the remaining four horses after the first stage of discipline are not 963, the remaining four horses after the second stage of discipline are not 859, the remaining four horses after the third stage of discipline are not 817, and the remaining four horses after the fourth stage of discipline are not 681, so that the survival rate of the eleutheronema tetradactylum in the process of cultivating the low-salt-resistant eleutheronema tetradactylum is 68.1%.
Example two
Firstly, selecting a pond area of between 5 and 10 mu, simultaneously ensuring that the depth of the pond is more than 1.8 m, cleaning the pond before culture, primarily treating the pond by insolating the fish pond and adding bleaching powder, and adjusting the transparency and salinity of pond water in the pond by adding fertilizer and compound microorganisms after treatment;
secondly, adding shrimp fries into the pond, simultaneously testing water for the fry, and putting the fry in a large scale when the survival rate of the fry reaches over 90 percent, wherein the salinity in the pond is 28 and the water temperature is 23.3-26.4 ℃;
before the eleutheronemate is put into a pond, the eleutheronemate needs to be cultured in seawater for 4 days, and the microorganisms and salinity in the seawater are adjusted to be equal in the pond within 4 days;
thirdly, low-salt taming: culturing eleutheronema tetradactylum put into a pond for 4 days to finish first-stage domestication, when the eleutheronema tetradactylum is put into the pond, firstly adding anti-stress products such as VC (vitamin C) and the like into the pond, and simultaneously arranging an upper wind port of the pond at the place where the eleutheronema tetradactylum is put;
the salinity in the pond is reduced in a gradient way, the daily salinity is reduced to 0.8-1.2 until the salinity in the pond is 20.1-21.3, and the second stage of domestication is completed;
continuously reducing the salinity in the pond, adjusting the daily salinity reduction to 1.5-2.1 until the salinity reduction in the pond is 5.1-5.8, and finishing the third stage of domestication;
at the moment, the daily salinity reduction in the pond is adjusted to be 0.5-0.8 until the salinity in the pond is 1.5-1.8, and the fourth stage domestication is completed;
set up external environment detecting system in the inside in pond, carry out real time monitoring to the environment of outside through external environment monitoring system, send out the police dispatch newspaper when irritability influences such as the thunderstorm appear, and in time add VC, the stress response of reduction shoal of vigor ginseng etc. the inside dissolved oxygen control in pond is at 5.1 ~ 7.6mg/L, and monitor the inside dissolved oxygen rate in pond through environment detecting system, reduce the interpolation to fodder in the pond under the condition of external environment transform.
Based on the method for cultivating the low-salt-resistant eleutheronema tetradactylum in the first embodiment, the number of fish fries is 1000, 971 tails of the remaining eleutheronema tetradactylum are not obtained after the first stage of discipline, 831 tails of the remaining eleutheronema tetradactylum are not obtained after the second stage of discipline, 823 tails of the remaining eleutheronema tetradactylum are not obtained after the third stage of discipline, 431 tails of the remaining eleutheronema tetradactylum are not obtained after the fourth stage of discipline, the survival rate of the eleutheronema tetradactylum is 43.1% in the process of cultivating the low-salt-resistant eleutheronema tetradactylum, and the death rate of the eleutheronema tetradactylum is increased due to the lack of VC, vigor and other additives for reducing the stress reaction of fish herds in the fourth stage of discipline.
EXAMPLE III
Firstly, selecting a pond area of between 5 and 10 mu, simultaneously ensuring that the depth of the pond is more than 1.8 m, cleaning the pond before culture, primarily treating the pond by insolating the fish pond and adding bleaching powder, and adjusting the transparency and salinity of pond water in the pond by adding fertilizer and compound microorganisms after treatment;
secondly, adding shrimp fries into the pond, simultaneously carrying out fry water testing, and then putting the fries in a large scale when the survival rate of the fries reaches over 90 percent, wherein the salinity in the pond is 28 at the moment, and the water temperature is 23.3-26.4 ℃;
before the eleutheronemate is put into a pond, the eleutheronemate needs to be cultured in seawater for 4 days, and the microorganisms and salinity in the seawater are adjusted to be equal in the pond within 4 days;
thirdly, low-salt taming: culturing eleutheronema tetradactylum put into a pond for 4 days to finish first-stage domestication, when the eleutheronema tetradactylum is put into the pond, firstly adding anti-stress products such as VC (vitamin C) and the like into the pond, and simultaneously arranging an upper wind port of the pond at the place where the eleutheronema tetradactylum is put;
performing gradient reduction on salinity in the pond, wherein the salinity per day is reduced by 0.8-1.2 until the salinity in the pond is 20.1-21.3, and finishing the second-stage domestication;
continuing to reduce the salinity in the pond, adjusting the daily salinity reduction to 1.5-2.1 until the salinity in the pond is reduced to 5.1-5.8, and completing the third stage of domestication;
at the moment, the microbial content and the shrimp larvae in the pond are increased, VC, active ginseng and the like are added into the fish pond to reduce the stress response of fish swarms, and the daily salinity in the pond is reduced to be 0.5-0.8 until the salinity in the pond is 1.5-1.8, so that the fourth-stage domestication is completed.
According to the method for cultivating the low-salt-resistant eleutheronema tetradactylum, the number of fish fries is 1000, the rest of eleutheronema tetradactylum after first-stage discipline is not 931, the rest of eleutheronema tetradactylum after second-stage discipline is not 813, the rest of eleutheronema tetradactylum after third-stage discipline is not 709, and the rest of eleutheronema tetradactylum after fourth-stage discipline is not 537, the survival rate of the eleutheronema tetradactylum is 53.7% in the process of cultivating the low-salt-resistant eleutheronema tetradactylum, and due to the lack of the arrangement of an external environment detection system, VC and active ingredients are difficult to be timely added into a pond according to the change of the external environment, so that the eleutheronema tetradactylum is frightened under severe weather such as thunder strike, and the death rate is increased.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.