CN112544509A - Artificial breeding method of eleutheronema tetradactylum - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method of eleutheronema tetradactylum Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of fish culture, and discloses an artificial culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum. The method comprises the following steps: (1) feeding Spanish mackerel fry in seawater to obtain juvenile fish; (2) feeding the juvenile fish obtained in the step (1) with a first-stage feed for first seawater desalination; then feeding the juvenile fish with the second stage feed for second seawater desalination; feeding the juvenile fish with the feed in the third stage, and carrying out seawater desalination for the third time until the salinity is 1-5 per mill to obtain domesticated fish; (3) feeding the domesticated fish obtained in the step (2) in different ponds until the domesticated fish are caught; the first stage feed, the second stage feed and the third stage feed comprise black tea fungus, chitosan oligosaccharide and sodium chloride. The method can obviously improve the immunity of the juvenile eleutheronemate tetradactylum, reduce the stress reaction in the process of reducing salt content, enhance the adaptability, shorten the domestication time of the juvenile eleutheronemate tetradactylum and improve the survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fish culture, and particularly relates to an artificial culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum.
Background
The four-finger spanish mackerel is also called as fish, horse friend, bamboo shoot, sacrificial fish, carp, king fish, young afternoon, , chapping and the like. The fish is deeply loved by consumers because of tender meat, delicious taste and high nutritive value, and is one of the three most expensive consumer fish species in Guangdong. The eleutheronema tetradactylum belongs to the fishes with favorable temperature and wide salt, and is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical sea areas. The eleutheronema tetradactylum is not cold-resistant and can seriously affect the generation of the eleutheronema tetradactylum and even cause death if the eleutheronema tetradactylum meets continuous low-temperature weather. Spanish mackerel is cultivated in south China in large scale, such as Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang and Shanghai.
Although the eleutheronema tetradactylum belongs to euryhaline fishes, the eleutheronema tetradactylum can be cultured in the salinity of 0-30 and can live in fresh water, brackish water and seawater environments. However, the growth of eleutheronema tetradactylum can be influenced by a low-salinity culture water area, so that the growth speed of the eleutheronema tetradactylum is slow, and the economic value is low; in addition, in the fresh water acclimation process, if the process is improperly controlled, various problems such as low survival rate, long acclimation period and the like can be caused.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an artificial culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum, which can shorten the domestication time of the juvenile eleutheronema tetradactylum and improve the survival rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the artificial culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum provided by the invention can shorten the domestication time of juvenile eleutheronema tetradactylum and improve the survival rate.
The invention provides an artificial breeding method of eleutheronema tetradactylum.
Specifically, the artificial breeding method of eleutheronema tetradactylum comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding Spanish mackerel fry in seawater, and feeding rotifer and/or artemia for 20-40 days to obtain juvenile fish;
(2) feeding the juvenile fish obtained in the step (1) with a first-stage feed, and desalting seawater for the first time by reducing the salinity of the seawater by 1.0-2.0 per thousand per day until the salinity is 20-25 per thousand; feeding the young fish with the second stage feed, and desalting for the second time at salinity of 2.0-3.0 ‰ per day until salinity is 10-15 ‰; feeding the young fish with the feed of the third stage, and desalting for the third time at a salinity of 3.0-5.0 ‰ per day until the salinity is 1-5 ‰, to obtain domesticated fish;
(3) feeding the domesticated fish obtained in the step (2) in different ponds until the domesticated fish are caught;
the first stage feed, the second stage feed and the third stage feed comprise black tea fungus, chitosan oligosaccharide and sodium chloride.
The black tea fungus is prepared by fermenting and culturing acetic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and a small amount of lactic acid bacteria, and contains abundant organic acid, glucuronic acid, glucaric acid-1, 4-lactone and tea polyphenol. Wherein glucuronic acid and glucaric acid-1, 4-lactone as main functional factors have the functions of detoxifying and expelling toxin; the tea polyphenol station has good oxidation resistance; meanwhile, the black tea fungus contains various organic acids generated by fermentation, and can be combined with heavy metal ions to remove harmful heavy metals in the juvenile fish; more importantly, various organic acids have antibacterial ability in fish bodies. The inventor surprisingly discovers through a large number of experiments that the immunity of the juvenile eleutheronemate tetradactylum can be obviously improved, the stress reaction of the eleutheronemate tetradactylum in the process of reducing salt content can be reduced, and the adaptability can be enhanced by using the black tea fungus and the chitosan oligosaccharide in a matching way. Proper sodium chloride is added into the feed, so that the content of sodium salt in the juvenile fish is increased, the osmotic pressure is increased, the adaptability of the juvenile fish to salt change can be enhanced in the process of gradually reducing the salt content of the seawater, and the stress response is further reduced.
Meanwhile, the method firstly feeds the hatched fries in seawater, feeds rotifers and/or artemia for 20-40 days, and then carries out domestication for reducing salt content, so that the fries which are just hatched are prevented from dying due to inadaptation caused by environment change. After 20-40 days, the fry is matched with staged feed when the fry has strong adaptability, so that the domestication time can be shortened, the fry can adapt to low-salinity water bodies quickly, and the survival rate is high.
Preferably, the first-stage feed comprises 0.5-2 parts by weight of black tea fungus, 1-3 parts by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.5-1 part by weight of sodium chloride; further preferably, the first stage feed comprises 0.7-2 parts by weight of black tea fungus, 2-3 parts by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.6-1 part by weight of sodium chloride.
Preferably, the second stage feed comprises 0.3-1.5 parts of black tea fungus, 0.5-2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.3-0.8 part of sodium chloride by weight; further preferably, the second stage feed comprises 0.5-1.2 parts of black tea fungus, 1-2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.3-0.5 part of sodium chloride in parts by weight.
Preferably, the third stage feed comprises 0.1 to 0.8 part of black tea fungus, 0.5 to 2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.1 to 0.3 part of sodium chloride in parts by weight; further preferably, the third stage feed comprises 0.3-0.5 part of black tea fungus, 0.5-2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.1-0.2 part of sodium chloride in parts by weight.
The resistance of the juvenile eleutheronema tetradactylum can be better enhanced by adjusting the black tea fungus, the chitosan oligosaccharide and the sodium chloride in the feed at each stage. More black tea fungus, chitosan oligosaccharide and sodium chloride are added at the initial stage of reducing the salt content of the seawater, so that the juvenile fish can be helped to adapt to the change of the environment quickly; and then the dosage is gradually reduced, so that the self resistance of the feed is enhanced, the later growth is facilitated, and the cost of the feed is saved.
Preferably, the first stage feed, the second stage feed and the third stage feed further comprise a phagostimulant, and the phagostimulant comprises houttuynia cordata powder, betaine, cuttlefish paste, animal viscera and rosemary powder. When the feed is just fed, the problems that the fry is uninterested in the feed and the feed intake is small exist, and the appetite of the juvenile eleutheronema tetradactylum can be effectively improved and the feed intake is increased by adding the phagostimulant.
Further preferably, the phagostimulant is 1-10 parts; in the phagostimulant, the mass ratio of the cordate houttuynia powder to the betaine to the cuttlefish paste to the animal viscera to the rosemary powder is 1: (1-2): (1-3): (1-3): (0.1-0.5); more preferably, in the phagostimulant, the mass ratio of the houttuynia cordata powder to the betaine to the cuttlefish paste to the animal viscera to the rosemary powder is 1: (1-2): (2-3): (2-3): (0.1-0.3).
Preferably, the first stage feed, the second stage feed and the third stage feed each independently comprise a protein source, a sugar source, a fat source, a vitamin complex and trace elements.
Further preferably, the first stage feed, the second stage feed and the third stage feed respectively and independently comprise 30-60 parts of protein source, 20-30 parts of sugar source, 10-30 parts of fat source, 0.1-1 part of vitamin complex and 0.1-1 part of trace element by weight.
The protein source is selected from at least two of fish meal, chicken meal, dried small shrimps, cuttlefish paste, soybean meal, peanut meal and wheat bran.
The sugar source is selected from wheat flour and/or corn starch.
The fat source is selected from fish oil, lecithin or corn oil.
The compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, calcium pantothenate, biotin, nicotinic acid and the like, and mainly provides necessary vitamins for eleutheronema tetradactylum.
The microelements comprise Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ga, P and other elements; preferably, the compound mineral substance consists of copper sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and manganese sulfate.
Preferably, the first stage feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-2 parts of black tea fungus, 1-3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.5-1 part of sodium chloride, 1-10 parts of phagostimulant, 15-25 parts of fish meal, 12-20 parts of chicken meal, 8-15 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20-25 parts of wheat flour, 8-15 parts of fish oil, 5-15 parts of lecithin, 0.1-1 part of compound vitamin and 0.1-1 part of trace element; the second stage feed comprises: 0.3-1.5 parts of black tea fungus, 0.5-2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.3-0.8 part of sodium chloride, 1-10 parts of phagostimulant, 15-25 parts of fish meal, 12-20 parts of chicken meal, 8-15 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20-25 parts of wheat flour, 8-15 parts of fish oil, 5-15 parts of lecithin, 0.1-1 part of compound vitamin and 0.1-1 part of trace element; the third stage feed comprises: 0.1-0.8 part of black tea fungus, 0.5-2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.1-0.3 part of sodium chloride, 1-10 parts of phagostimulant, 15-25 parts of fish meal, 12-20 parts of chicken meal, 8-15 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20-25 parts of wheat flour, 8-15 parts of fish oil, 5-15 parts of lecithin, 0.1-1 part of compound vitamin and 0.1-1 part of trace element.
Preferably, in step (1), the environment of the seawater is: the water temperature is 28-32 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 6.5-8.0mg/L, and the salinity is 28-30 per mill.
Preferably, in the step (1), the Spanish mackerel fry is fed with rotifer and/or artemia salina for 30-40 days.
Preferably, in the step (2), the dissolved oxygen of the seawater is 7-10 mg/L; further preferably, in the step (2), the dissolved oxygen amount of the seawater is 8-10 mg/L. The stress response of the young fish can be reduced by increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water while the salinity is gradually reduced.
Preferably, in the step (2), the breeding density of the juvenile fish is 80-300 ten thousand tails/mu; further preferably, in the step (2), the cultivation density of the juvenile fish is 100-. The use of low-density fry and compound feed and the control of dissolved oxygen are beneficial to quickly adapting to the salt change; meanwhile, the low-density culture avoids mutual killing of juvenile fishes, and the survival rate is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the artificial breeding method of eleutheronemate tetradactylum provided by the invention, the immunity of the juvenile eleutheronemate tetradactylum can be obviously improved by matching with the staged feed in the process of reducing the salt content of seawater, the stress reaction of the juvenile eleutheronemate tetradactylum in the process of reducing the salt content is reduced, the adaptability is enhanced, the domestication time of the juvenile eleutheronemate tetradactylum is shortened, and the survival rate is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention.
The starting materials, reagents or apparatuses used in the following examples are conventionally commercially available or can be obtained by conventionally known methods, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
An artificial breeding method of eleutheronema tetradactylum comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding Spanish mackerel fry in seawater (water temperature 28-32 deg.C, dissolved oxygen 6.5-8.0mg/L, salinity 28-30 ‰), and feeding rotifer and/or artemia for 30 days to obtain young fish;
(2) feeding the juvenile fish (the culture density is 180 ten thousand pieces/mu) obtained in the step (1) with the feed in the first stage, and desalting seawater (the dissolved oxygen is 7-10mg/L) in a reduced amplitude of 1.5 per thousand salinity/day until the salinity is 22.5 per thousand; then feeding the juvenile fish with the second stage feed, and desalting for the second time by reducing the salinity of 2.5 per day until the salinity is 12.5 per mill; feeding the juvenile fish with the feed of the third stage, and desalting for the third time at a salinity of 3.0 per mill per day until the salinity is 3.5 per mill to obtain domesticated fish; the acclimation time is 12 days.
(3) Feeding the domesticated fish obtained in the step (2) with common feed in different ponds until the domesticated fish are caught;
wherein, the first stage feed comprises the following components: 1.5 parts of black tea fungus, 2.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.8 part of sodium chloride, 7 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
The second stage feed comprises the following components: 1.2 parts of black tea fungus, 1.25 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 5 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
The third stage feed comprises the following components: 0.5 part of black tea fungus, 1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.2 part of sodium chloride, 3 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
Wherein, the mass ratio of the heartleaf houttuynia herb powder, the betaine, the cuttlefish paste, the animal viscera and the rosemary powder in the phagostimulant is 1: 1: 2: 2: 0.3; the compound vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, calcium pantothenate, biotin and nicotinic acid; the compound mineral comprises copper sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and manganese sulfate.
Example 2
An artificial breeding method of eleutheronema tetradactylum comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding Spanish mackerel fry in seawater (water temperature 28-32 deg.C, dissolved oxygen 6.5-8.0mg/L, salinity 28-30 ‰), and feeding rotifer and/or artemia for 25 days to obtain young fish;
(2) feeding the juvenile fish (the culture density is 100 ten thousand per mu) obtained in the step (1) with the feed in the first stage, and desalting seawater (the dissolved oxygen is 7-10mg/L) for the first time by reducing the salinity of 1 per thousand per day until the salinity is 25 per thousand; then feeding the juvenile fish with the second stage feed, and desalting for the second time by reducing the salinity of 2 per day until the salinity is 11 per mill; feeding the juvenile fish with the feed in the third stage, and desalting for the third time at a salinity of 3 per mill per day until the salinity is 5 per mill to obtain domesticated fish; the acclimation time is 13 days.
(3) Feeding the domesticated fish obtained in the step (2) with common feed in different ponds until the domesticated fish are caught;
wherein, the first stage feed comprises the following components: 1 part of black tea fungus, 1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 7 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
The second stage feed comprises the following components: 0.7 part of black tea fungus, 0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.3 part of sodium chloride, 5 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
The third stage feed comprises the following components: 0.2 part of black tea fungus, 0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.1 part of sodium chloride, 3 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
Wherein, the mass ratio of the heartleaf houttuynia herb powder, the betaine, the cuttlefish paste, the animal viscera and the rosemary powder in the phagostimulant is 1: 1: 2: 2: 0.3; the compound vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, calcium pantothenate, biotin and nicotinic acid; the compound mineral comprises copper sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and manganese sulfate.
Example 3
An artificial breeding method of eleutheronema tetradactylum comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding Spanish mackerel fry in seawater (water temperature 28-32 deg.C, dissolved oxygen 6.5-8.0mg/L, salinity 28-30 ‰), and feeding rotifer and/or artemia for 30 days to obtain young fish;
(2) feeding the juvenile fish (the culture density is 280 ten thousand per mu) obtained in the step (1) with the feed in the first stage, and desalting seawater (the dissolved oxygen is 7-10mg/L) for the first time by reducing the salinity of 2 per thousand per day until the salinity is 20 per thousand; then feeding the juvenile fish with the second stage feed, and desalting for the second time by reducing the salinity of 3 per day until the salinity is 11 per mill; feeding the juvenile fish with the feed of the third stage, and desalting for the third time at a salinity of 4.0 per mill per day until the salinity is 3 per mill to obtain domesticated fish; the acclimation time is 11 days.
(3) Feeding the domesticated fish obtained in the step (2) with common feed in different ponds until the domesticated fish are caught;
wherein, the first stage feed comprises the following components: 2 parts of black tea fungus, 3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1 part of sodium chloride, 7 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of compound vitamin and 0.5 part of trace element.
The second stage feed comprises the following components: 1.5 parts of black tea fungus, 2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.8 part of sodium chloride, 5 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
The third stage feed comprises the following components: 0.8 part of black tea fungus, 2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.3 part of sodium chloride, 3 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
Wherein, the mass ratio of the heartleaf houttuynia herb powder, the betaine, the cuttlefish paste, the animal viscera and the rosemary powder in the phagostimulant is 1: 1: 2: 2: 0.3; the compound vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, calcium pantothenate, biotin and nicotinic acid; the compound mineral comprises copper sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and manganese sulfate.
Example 4
An artificial breeding method of eleutheronema tetradactylum comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding Spanish mackerel fry in seawater (water temperature 28-32 deg.C, dissolved oxygen 6.5-8.0mg/L, salinity 28-30 ‰), and feeding rotifer and/or artemia for 30 days to obtain young fish;
(2) feeding the juvenile fish (the culture density is 180 ten thousand pieces/mu) obtained in the step (1) with the feed in the first stage, and desalting seawater (the dissolved oxygen is 7-10mg/L) in a reduced amplitude of 1.5 per thousand salinity/day until the salinity is 22.5 per thousand; then feeding the juvenile fish with the second stage feed, and desalting for the second time by reducing the salinity of 2.5 per day until the salinity is 12.5 per mill; feeding the juvenile fish with the feed of the third stage, and desalting for the third time at a salinity of 3.0 per mill per day until the salinity is 3.5 per mill to obtain domesticated fish; the acclimation time is 12 days.
(3) Feeding the domesticated fish obtained in the step (2) with common feed in different ponds until the domesticated fish are caught;
wherein, the first stage feed comprises the following components: 0.3 part of black tea fungus, 0.8 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.3 part of sodium chloride, 7 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
The second stage feed comprises the following components: 0.3 part of black tea fungus, 0.8 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.3 part of sodium chloride, 5 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
The third stage feed comprises the following components: 0.3 part of black tea fungus, 0.8 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.2 part of sodium chloride, 3 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
Wherein, the mass ratio of the heartleaf houttuynia herb powder, the betaine, the cuttlefish paste, the animal viscera and the rosemary powder in the phagostimulant is 1: 1: 2: 2: 0.3; the compound vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, calcium pantothenate, biotin and nicotinic acid; the compound mineral comprises copper sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and manganese sulfate.
Example 5
An artificial breeding method of eleutheronema tetradactylum comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding Spanish mackerel fry in seawater (water temperature 28-32 deg.C, dissolved oxygen 6.5-8.0mg/L, salinity 28-30 ‰), and feeding rotifer and/or artemia for 30 days to obtain young fish;
(2) feeding the juvenile fish (the culture density is 180 ten thousand pieces/mu) obtained in the step (1) with the feed in the first stage, and desalting seawater (the dissolved oxygen is 7-10mg/L) in a reduced amplitude of 1.5 per thousand salinity/day until the salinity is 22.5 per thousand; then feeding the juvenile fish with the second stage feed, and desalting for the second time by reducing the salinity of 2.5 per day until the salinity is 12.5 per mill; feeding the juvenile fish with the feed of the third stage, and desalting for the third time at a salinity of 3.0 per mill per day until the salinity is 3.5 per mill to obtain domesticated fish; the acclimation time is 12 days.
(3) Feeding the domesticated fish obtained in the step (2) with common feed in different ponds until the domesticated fish are caught;
wherein, the first stage feed comprises the following components: 1.5 parts of black tea fungus, 2.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.8 part of sodium chloride, 7 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
The second stage feed comprises the following components: 1.2 parts of black tea fungus, 1.25 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 5 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
The third stage feed comprises the following components: 0.5 part of black tea fungus, 1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.2 part of sodium chloride, 3 parts of phagostimulant, 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of lecithin, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of trace elements.
Wherein, the phagostimulant only comprises betaine and cuttlefish paste, and the mass ratio of the betaine to the cuttlefish paste is 1: 1; the compound vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, calcium pantothenate, biotin and nicotinic acid; the compound mineral comprises copper sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and manganese sulfate.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that the first stage feed was started 15 days after feeding the rotifer and/or artemia salina to the eleutheronema tetradactylum fry in step (1) and the seawater salt content was started to be reduced, and the rest of the steps were the same as the feed.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example 2 and the example 1 is that the black tea fungus in the first stage, the second stage and the third stage feed in the example 1 is replaced by the same amount of beer yeast, and the rest components and the cultivation method are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that in step (2) the juvenile fish obtained in step (1) is fed with a first stage feed and seawater is desalinated a first time with a reduction of 3.0% salinity per day until the salinity is 21.0%; then feeding the juvenile fish with the second stage feed, and desalting for the second time by reducing the salinity of 3.0 per day until the salinity is 12.0 per mill; and feeding the juvenile fish with the feed in the third stage, and desalting for the third time at a salinity reduction rate of 3.0 per day until the salinity is 3.0 per mill. The rest steps are the same as the feeding of the feed.
Product effectiveness testing
The cultivation methods of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were used, and the experiment was carried out using cultivation densities of equal proportions. After 3 months of culture, fasting was performed for 1 day, and then the average body weight and survival rate (survival rate: number still alive after 3 months/initial number: 100%) were counted after 3 months of culture of eleutheronema tetradactylum.
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the cultivation methods provided in examples 1 to 5 are obviously advantageous in increasing the survival rate of the young fish and promoting the growth thereof, because of comparative examples 1 to 3. Compared with the prior art, the method can obviously shorten the domestication time and the survival rate of the eleutheronema tetradactylum.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding Spanish mackerel fry in seawater, and feeding rotifer and/or artemia for 20-40 days to obtain juvenile fish;
(2) feeding the juvenile fish obtained in the step (1) with a first-stage feed, and desalting seawater for the first time by reducing the salinity of the seawater by 1.0-2.0 per thousand per day until the salinity is 20-25 per thousand; feeding the young fish with the second stage feed, and desalting for the second time at salinity of 2.0-3.0 ‰ per day until salinity is 10-15 ‰; feeding the young fish with the feed of the third stage, and desalting for the third time at a salinity of 3.0-5.0 ‰ per day until the salinity is 1-5 ‰, to obtain domesticated fish;
(3) feeding the domesticated fish obtained in the step (2) in different ponds until the domesticated fish are caught;
the first stage feed, the second stage feed and the third stage feed comprise black tea fungus, chitosan oligosaccharide and sodium chloride.
2. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the first stage feed comprises 0.5-2 parts by weight of black tea fungus, 1-3 parts by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.5-1 part by weight of sodium chloride.
3. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the second stage feed comprises 0.3-1.5 parts by weight of black tea fungus, 0.5-2 parts by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.3-0.8 parts by weight of sodium chloride.
4. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the third stage feed comprises 0.1-0.8 parts by weight of black tea fungus, 0.5-2 parts by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of sodium chloride.
5. An artificial breeding method according to any one of the claims 1-4, characterized in that the first stage feed, the second stage feed and the third stage feed further comprise a phagostimulant; the phagostimulant comprises houttuynia cordata powder, betaine, cuttlefish paste, animal viscera and rosemary powder.
6. An artificial breeding method according to any one of the claims 1-4, characterized in that the first stage feed, the second stage feed and the third stage feed each independently comprise a protein source, a sugar source, a fat source, a vitamin complex and trace elements.
7. The artificial breeding method of claim 6, wherein the first stage feed comprises, in parts by weight: 0.5-2 parts of black tea fungus, 1-3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.5-1 part of sodium chloride, 1-10 parts of phagostimulant, 15-25 parts of fish meal, 12-20 parts of chicken meal, 8-15 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20-25 parts of wheat flour, 8-15 parts of fish oil, 5-15 parts of lecithin, 0.1-1 part of compound vitamin and 0.1-1 part of trace element; the second stage feed comprises: 0.3-1.5 parts of black tea fungus, 0.5-2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.3-0.8 part of sodium chloride, 1-10 parts of phagostimulant, 15-25 parts of fish meal, 12-20 parts of chicken meal, 8-15 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20-25 parts of wheat flour, 8-15 parts of fish oil, 5-15 parts of lecithin, 0.1-1 part of compound vitamin and 0.1-1 part of trace element; the third stage feed comprises: 0.1-0.8 part of black tea fungus, 0.5-2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.1-0.3 part of sodium chloride, 1-10 parts of phagostimulant, 15-25 parts of fish meal, 12-20 parts of chicken meal, 8-15 parts of cuttlefish paste, 20-25 parts of wheat flour, 8-15 parts of fish oil, 5-15 parts of lecithin, 0.1-1 part of compound vitamin and 0.1-1 part of trace element.
8. An artificial farming method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the environment of the seawater is: the water temperature is 28-32 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 6.5-8.0mg/L, and the salinity is 28-30 per mill.
9. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the dissolved oxygen amount of the seawater is 7-10 mg/L.
10. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the young fish is bred at a density of 80-300 ten thousand tails/mu in step (2).
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| CN114617087A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-14 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for cultivating low-salt-resistant eleutheronema tetradactylum |
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