CN102742525A - Artificial domesticating method for eleutheronema tetradactylum - Google Patents
Artificial domesticating method for eleutheronema tetradactylum Download PDFInfo
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- CN102742525A CN102742525A CN2012102302666A CN201210230266A CN102742525A CN 102742525 A CN102742525 A CN 102742525A CN 2012102302666 A CN2012102302666 A CN 2012102302666A CN 201210230266 A CN201210230266 A CN 201210230266A CN 102742525 A CN102742525 A CN 102742525A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial domesticating method for eleutheronema tetradactylum. The method comprises the following steps of (1) catching; (2) transportation; (3) transfer; (4) domestication; (5) feeding; and (6) sieving. Through the domestication according to the steps, young eleutheronema tetradactylum gradually grows to the specification of adult eleutheronema tetradactylum. The method has the advantages that the domestication survival rate is high, the popularization is easy, the operation is simple and convenient, the implementation is easy, the injury to the eleutheronema tetradactylum is small, and good application prospects are realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fish and raise and train the field, particularly a kind of artificial domestication method of threadfin.
Background technology
Threadfin is commonly called as noon fish or Ma You, is a kind of warm warm nature seawater fish, and the tool eurysalinity at fresh water, all can be lived in degree of saltiness water and the briny environment, in China East Sea, all there is distribution in the South Sea and the yellow Bohai Sea.Happiness is dwelt at the bottom of the husky end or mud, and 23 meters of the depth of waters also get into lower reaches of river river section with interior littoral phytal zone and river mouth.Adult fish often lives in pairs or separately, not integrated jumpbogroup.Long 22.5 centimetres of the male body of sexual maturity smallest, long 28.5 centimetres of female body.Be protandry, hermaphroditism.The 3-5 month lays eggs in the river mouth.Mature egg is spherical in shape, 0.85 ~ 0.95 millimeter in ovum footpath, 1 in tool oil ball.Juvenile fish perches in the river mouth, with cladocera, copepoda, amphipoda and etc. invertebrates such as foot class be food; Body length is that 5 centimetres juvenile fish is a food with the young and the Polychaeta of arrow worms, siphonopods, shrimp.Adult fish is a food with shrimp and fish, and some Polychaeta invertebrates occasionally also ingest.Rise when catching prawn autumn in the area, Shanghai, and discovery is often arranged in the shrimp pool, infiltrates the horse fish friend juvenile fish that comes when being the water inlet of shrimp pond, and body length can reach 7.5-11.5 centimetre then.General finding is individual, and body length is in the majority with the 0.8-1.3 kilogram with 36-42 centimetre, body weight, and the maximum individuality that China catches can weigh more than 20 kilogram.The northern Persian Gulf and Andaman in the Indian Ocean, maximum individual total length reaches 2 meters, weighs 145 kilograms.
The entrance of Changjiang River is the feeding ground of important spawning ground of threadfin and juvenile fish, in the littoral extensively distribution of north branch of Yangtze River Estuary, Nan Zhi and Chongming Dongtan.Threadfin is a kind of large-scale fish, it is reported that maximum individual total length can reach 2 meters, 145 kilograms of body weight, and the maximum individuality that China found also can reach 20 kilograms.The threadfin growth just can reach the 0.5-1 kilogram under the pond culture condition rapidly then, and because of its salinity wide accommodation, except that can seawater breeding, also can after desalinating, in degree of saltiness water and fresh water, culturing, the breed space is huge.Four finger threadfin horse meat tender and delicious, in Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan and Hong Kong and other places popular for high-end food fish, Taiwanese proverb has "one afternoon, two croaker, three Ka Lap," saying, where "L" refers to is four finger threadfin horse, its market price reached 80-100 yuan / kg.Because of its salinity wide accommodation, fast growth, meat is good, economic worth is high, threadfin has the prospect of development and use.The threadfin fine and tender taste is delicious, can rank among the woods of senior seafood, is high economic worth fingerling, is one of famous and precious cultured fishes in Southeast Asia.Fishing ground, no center, output is not high.Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces one band fisherman uses drift net, fishing jig and inserts the net operation and catch often, and only quantity is few.Research to threadfin both at home and abroad still concentrates on sorting phase, and is less to researchs such as its history of life, growth characteristics.In order to carry out the needs that artificial propagation and market live fish are sold, press for research and grasp, store up the live fish of certain scale.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of artificial domestication method of threadfin, and this method domestication survival rate is high, is easy to promote, and is easy and simple to handle feasible, little to the infringement of fish, has a good application prospect.
The artificial domestication method of a kind of threadfin of the present invention comprises:
(1) catches the threadfin juvenile fish with inserting net with the mode that combines of pushing net, in fishing for the process of juvenile fish, fast juvenile fish is picked up, pour into current and gather in the bucket with water ladle band water;
(2) adopt uncovered water tank to transport, water body accounts for 1/3 of whole box body volume in the case, and is omnidistance with the oxygenation of direct current oxygen increasing pump between the delivery period, add ice cube in the case in the water body and avoid the sunlight direct projection, and adding stress be peaceful; Regular check water body situation prevents that water body from worsening, each transportation kind of fish 200 ~ 400ind/ case;
(3) reduce water level in the case, embathe sterilization 5 ~ 8 minutes, whole water tank is moved to together with fish raise and train in the pond then, again water tank is slowly toppled over when treating internal-external temperature difference, let juvenile fish swim naturally and go into to raise and train in the pond less than ± 1 ℃ with 3 ~ 5wt% salt solution;
(4) will raise and train the pond before putting in a suitable place to breed and clean up, and carry out disinfection, raise and train the pond is furnished with a same volume size in close vicinity cistern with bleaching water; Breeding water directly draws water to sand filter with water pumper near the embedding water pipe in the sand bed depths subtidal zone of seashore, sea area, flows into cistern more certainly through the sand filter filtration treatment then, is evacuated to and raises and train the pond through cistern deposition, sterilization; When raising and train that water temperature remains on 18 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ in the pond, pH remains on 7.8 ~ 8.5, and salinity remains on 22 ‰-24 ‰, and dissolved oxygen in water remains on more than the 5mg/L;
(5) juvenile fish is put into and cultures the pond 3d bait of not throwing something and feeding, maintenance rather concentration at 0.5ppm; Begin the bait of throwing something and feeding then, earlier, increase bait then gradually, throw something and feed every day 1 ~ 2 time with being prone to let the feed of juvenile fish opening by the juvenile fish initial feeding; Feed of in time not eating up at the bottom of the cleaning pond and dead fish, every 2d changes water once, changes behind feeding 1 hour water time;
(6) raise and train the per 20 ~ 30d sub-sieve of juvenile fish 1 time in the pond, raise and train through above-mentioned steps, juvenile fish is long gradually to the adult fish specification.
Threadfin juvenile fish average weight in the said step (1) is 7.5 ~ 7.8g, and total length is 8.1 ~ 8.5cm.
The long 90cm of uncovered water tank in the said step (2), wide 50cm, high 60cm.
Add plastic foam in said step (2) transportation, prevent that water tank from rocking, the current concussion is overflowed.
Height of water level in the said step (3) is 30cm.
The pond of raising and train in the said step (4) is indoor square cement pit, single pool area 16m
2, depth of water 1m, volume are 16m
3, totally two, be central funnel shape at the bottom of the pond, drainpipe is settled in the center.
The middle furazolidone sterilization cistern of said step (4) with 20 ~ 30ppm.
Insert 5 ~ 8 gas heads and be placed in four corners and the central part of raising and train the pond respectively with exchanging oxygen increasing pump when raising and train in the said step (4), the gas head continues oxygen supply with weight is fixing, keeps the uninterrupted flowing water of 24h to be stream mode.
Being prone in the said step (5) let the juvenile fish opening feed for the chopping clam meat.
Setting up the food platform when throwing something and feeding in the said step (5) throws something and feeds in the fixed location.
Beneficial effect
The present invention tames the survival rate height, is easy to promote, and is easy and simple to handle feasible, little to the infringement of fish, has a good application prospect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in the restriction scope of the present invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can do various changes or modification to the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Embodiment 1
Gathering operation carries out when 22 ~ 28 ℃ of water temperatures.Acquisition time choose sunny morning or evening when tidal flat, flat water collection point selection in the bottom flat areas without depression, with plug and Twitter networks as the way to capture the average weight of about 7.5 ~ 7.8g in total length In about 8.1 ~ 8.5cm four fingers horse threadfin species of fish, fish larvae attention in the process, with a bailer with water, the larvae quickly picked up, along with the water into the collection bucket, collecting action to light, fast and accurate. , to avoid juvenile rays, scales, snout damage.
With long * wide * high (90cm * 50cm * 60cm) uncovered water tank or bucket transportation; Water body accounts for 1/3 of whole box body volume in the case; Omnidistance between the delivery period with the oxygenation of direct current oxygen increasing pump, guarantee that dissolved oxygen is sufficient, add ice cube in the water tank and avoid the sunlight direct projection; Reduce temperature and reduce kind of the irritable purpose of fish to reach; And add rather (vitamin B compound, vitamin E, vitamin C, r-reanal, ammonium chloride), and regulate the matter and energy metabolism in kind of the fish body body, improve the anti-stress ability of kind of fish.Can add several plastic foams in the transportation, prevent that water tank from rocking, the current concussion is overflowed.Regular check water body situation, sucking-off ight soil carefully, foreign material such as mucus prevent that water body from worsening, and keep stable, quietly transportation environment as far as possible.Each transportation kind of fish 200 ~ 400ind/ case.Fish is planted in transportation in this manner, and survival rate can reach more than 68%.
After arriving the destination, reduce water level in the case earlier, stay 30cm dark, add salt and embathe sterilization 5 ~ 8min, keep concentration to 3 ~ 5%.Through after the long-distance or short-distance transport, the temperature fish body water temperature and purpose pond in has the temperature difference, if this moment fish is directly put into the pond, juvenile fish can to the temperature difference produce stress, the appearance of fish body causes death unusually.Should whole water tank be moved in the purpose pond together with fish, again water tank slowly toppled over when treating internal-external temperature difference, let juvenile fish swim naturally to go in the purpose pond less than ± 1 ℃.
Raising and train the pond is indoor square cement pit, single pool area 16m
2, depth of water 1m, volume are 16m
3, raise and train the pond for totally two.Discharging water before putting in a suitable place to breed cleans up raising and train the pond, and carries out disinfection with bleaching water.Be central funnel shape at the bottom of the pond, drainpipe is settled in the center.Each is raised and train the pond and all is furnished with the cistern of a same volume size in its close vicinity, so that can earlier the seawater that filters is placed on deposition in the cistern, sterilize to be evacuated to again and raise and train in the pond.
Four finger threadfin domesticated horses need to have adequate water and good water quality, water quality will have a direct impact on the growth rate and survival of fish.Water is changed in draining on time, and remove and culture residual bait in the pond, dead fish, dirt at the bottom of ight soil and the pond is guaranteed clean water quality, it is crucial creating good water environment.Directly embedding 6 inches water pipes draw water to the dark sand filter of 5m with water pumper breeding water near the sand bed depths subtidal zone of seashore, sea area; Certainly flow into cistern again through the sand filter filtration treatment then; Be evacuated to and raise and train the pond through cistern deposition, sterilization, the water in the cistern is with the furazolidone sterilization of 20 ~ 30ppm.
Raise and train that water temperature remains in 18 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ scopes in the pond, water temperature is crossed will adopt with the heated at constant temperature rod when low and is heated, and water temperature can not be too high, generally can not be above 28 ℃; Ph remains in the scope 7.8 ~ 8.5; Salinity remains in 22 ‰-24 ‰ scopes.Insert four corners and the central part that 5 ~ 8 gas heads are placed in the pond respectively with exchanging oxygen increasing pump, the gas head continues oxygen supply with weight is fixing, must keep the uninterrupted flowing water of 24h to be stream mode, and dissolved oxygen in water will be more than 5mg/L numerical value.
Four fingers into the domestication of horses threadfin juveniles just after the pool due to environmental changes, changes in water quality, water and other factors are usually smaller need about one week adaptation period, during which time the individual juveniles had been hurt in the acquisition generate dorsal, caudal by loss, scales fall off, snout rupture, coupled with individual juveniles own physical reasons adapt to environmental changes, there will be fish slow, lighter in color, do not swim with the group, poor feeding, weight loss and death.During this, the domestication success rate is most important for improving, and will in management, work hard especially; Accomplish to monitor every day water temperature, salinity, Ph value; Carry out record, in time clear up the feed and dead fish do not eaten up at the bottom of the pond, every 2d changes water once; Changing the water time should be behind feeding 1 hour, will find immediately to handle immediately for the abnormal conditions that occur.
The kind fish is put into breed pond 3d and is not is not thrown something and fed, and impels its interior residue that empties the intestine as far as possible.In time soil pick-up with change water to keep water quality, rather in this process, keep ultimate density about 0.5ppm.Because four of a horse threadfin belong carnivorous fish, so the choice is to be selected feed animal feed, such as fresh or frozen small trash fish, shrimp and mollusks.Want slow and little when beginning to throw something and feed; Let the feed of juvenile fish opening begin easily from clam meat etc., throw something and feed, can set up the food platform and throw something and feed in the fixed location according to scale of feeding order from less to more with chopping; Train kind of fish to concentrate the conditioned reflex of robbing food; And observe the fancy grade of fish to feed, and reduce the feed loss, accomplish patient and painstaking.The feed kind must guard against single, and is single to avoid nutrition, and then reduces immunity.Should regularly replace feed or mixed feed and feed, to keep the comprehensive of nutrition.The control of the feeding volume of feed is most important in the breeding process, and every day, throw something and feed day number of times and day feeding volume of feed will be according to the sizes of fish body, shoal of fish stress reaction situation, season weather situation of change, situation such as water quality and decide grasp flexibly.Juvenile fish increases the feeding amount after beginning to be the scale feed, and throwing something and feeding every day gets final product for 1 ~ 2 time, and the time of throwing something and feeding feeding when morning and evening fish intensity Celsius is maximum is advisable.
Owing in gatherer process, collect the uneven juvenile fish of build size; Minimum individual total length is 4.7cm; Maximum individuality is 13.8cm, and both differ 9.1cm, and individual situation difference Celsius causes big fish increasing in the process of raising and train in addition; The body appearance difference of big fish and small fish increases, and in the process of raising and train, finds to have the phenomenon that big fish swallowing little fish.To avoid increasing the gap size and the phenomenon of the jungle on juvenile domesticated pool every 20 ~ 30d sieving time, because four of a horse threadfin juveniles are more timid by nature, brash, and other operations in the screening points raised during and could easily lead to fish due to rattling wall injuries, especially in the hot season, in order to avoid losses.
Since the four finger threadfin horse domestication process, dissolved oxygen and temperature is the key factor in the survival rate, thus ensuring the exchange of oxygen pump and thermostat heating rods work is a pivotal factor, coupled with the sea wind, And frequently encountered in summer typhoons affected, in order to avoid due to power outages, tripped extrinsic factors on the domestication process of devastation, should make contingency plans, such as an increase in the night a DC air pump, battery ample supply of electricity, guaranteed to work until the morning.If power failure back oxygen charging pump quits work or heating rod stops to heat, cause temperature decrease etc., dissolved oxygen is die-offed, and can adopt and renew water this moment, measures such as artificial stirring water body oxygenation.With good conditionsi can standing generator, in order to avoid cause unnecessary loss.
Claims (10)
1. the artificial domestication method of a threadfin comprises:
(1) catches the threadfin juvenile fish with inserting net with the mode that combines of pushing net, in fishing for the process of juvenile fish, fast juvenile fish is picked up, pour into current and gather in the bucket with water ladle band water;
(2) adopt uncovered water tank to transport, water body accounts for 1/3 of whole box body volume in the case, and is omnidistance with the oxygenation of direct current oxygen increasing pump between the delivery period, add ice cube in the case in the water body and avoid the sunlight direct projection, and adding stress be peaceful; Regular check water body situation prevents that water body from worsening, each transportation kind of fish 200 ~ 400ind/ case;
(3) reduce water level in the case, embathe sterilization 5 ~ 8 minutes, whole water tank is moved to together with fish raise and train in the pond then, again water tank is slowly toppled over when treating internal-external temperature difference, let juvenile fish swim naturally and go into to raise and train in the pond less than ± 1 ℃ with 3 ~ 5wt% salt solution;
(4) will raise and train the pond before putting in a suitable place to breed and clean up, and carry out disinfection, raise and train the pond is furnished with a same volume size in close vicinity cistern with bleaching water; Breeding water directly draws water to sand filter with water pumper near the embedding water pipe in the sand bed depths subtidal zone of seashore, sea area, flows into cistern more certainly through the sand filter filtration treatment then, is evacuated to and raises and train the pond through cistern deposition, sterilization; When raising and train that water temperature remains on 18 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ in the pond, pH remains on 7.8 ~ 8.5, and salinity remains on 22 ‰-24 ‰, and dissolved oxygen in water remains on more than the 5mg/L;
(5) juvenile fish is put into and cultures the pond 3d bait of not throwing something and feeding, maintenance rather concentration at 0.5ppm; Begin the bait of throwing something and feeding then, earlier, increase bait then gradually, throw something and feed every day 1 ~ 2 time with being prone to let the feed of juvenile fish opening by the juvenile fish initial feeding; Feed of in time not eating up at the bottom of the cleaning pond and dead fish, every 2d changes water once, changes behind feeding 1 hour water time;
(6) raise and train the per 20 ~ 30d sub-sieve of juvenile fish 1 time in the pond, raise and train through above-mentioned steps, juvenile fish is long gradually to the adult fish specification.
2. the artificial domestication method of a kind of threadfin according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the threadfin juvenile fish average weight in the said step (1) is 7.5 ~ 7.8g, and total length is 8.1 ~ 8.5cm.
3. the artificial domestication method of a kind of threadfin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the long 90cm of uncovered water tank in the said step (2), wide 50cm, high 60cm.
4. the artificial domestication method of a kind of threadfin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: add plastic foam in said step (2) transportation, prevent that water tank from rocking, the current concussion is overflowed.
5. the artificial domestication method of a kind of threadfin according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the height of water level in the said step (3) is 30cm.
6. the artificial domestication method of a kind of threadfin according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pond of raising and train in the said step (4) is indoor square cement pit, single pool area 16m
2, depth of water 1m, volume are 16m
3, totally two, be central funnel shape at the bottom of the pond, drainpipe is settled in the center.
7. the artificial domestication method of a kind of threadfin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the middle furazolidone sterilization cistern with 20 ~ 30ppm of said step (4).
8. the artificial domestication method of a kind of threadfin according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: insert 5 ~ 8 gas heads and be placed in four corners and the central part of raising and train the pond respectively with exchanging oxygen increasing pump when raising and train in the said step (4); The gas head keeps the uninterrupted flowing water of 24h to be stream mode with the fixing lasting oxygen supply of weight.
9. the artificial domestication method of a kind of threadfin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: being prone in the said step (5) lets the feed of juvenile fish opening be the clam meat of chopping.
10. the artificial domestication method of a kind of threadfin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: set up the food platform when throwing something and feeding in the said step (5) and throw something and feed in the fixed location.
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| CN103098736A (en) * | 2013-01-01 | 2013-05-15 | 李高杰 | Viable transplantation technology of whitebait |
| CN103098736B (en) * | 2013-01-01 | 2016-06-29 | 李高杰 | A kind of Hemisalanx viable transplantation method |
| CN103229738B (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2015-10-14 | 布尔津县额河特有冷水鱼繁育开发有限公司 | The method of the wild perch of a kind of artificial domestication |
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