CN100577002C - Production method for summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel - Google Patents
Production method for summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel Download PDFInfo
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- CN100577002C CN100577002C CN200610048263A CN200610048263A CN100577002C CN 100577002 C CN100577002 C CN 100577002C CN 200610048263 A CN200610048263 A CN 200610048263A CN 200610048263 A CN200610048263 A CN 200610048263A CN 100577002 C CN100577002 C CN 100577002C
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Abstract
A method for culturing the minnow of roughskin sculpin includes such steps as capturing the parent fish in near sea in early spring, temporarily culturing in indoor pool, using flowing water to stimulate the parents for estrus, natural mating, ovipositing, collecting fertilized ova, natural incubating in natural seawater in pool, regulating illuminance for correcting the strong phototaxis, applying nutritive forage, improving water quality, and post culturing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of a kind of production method of fry kind, particularly summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel.
Background technology
Trachidermus fasciatus (Trachidermis fasciatus) is called as " south of the River first place fish ", and higher economic value is arranged, and incorporates the Compendium of Material Medica of Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) into the closely linked system of China traditional history culture, has medical value.Trachidermus fasciatus belongs to and to fall extra large reproduction fish, formerly is distributed widely in the coastal area that reaches the Xiamen North gets Dandong in the south, because of reasons such as the construction of water conservancy projects and water environment pollution enter Critical Condition.The trachidermus fasciatus of China only remains in Bohai Sea Gulf at present.The Chinese patent CN 119460930 disclosed propagation techniques that are Fudan University to trachidermus fasciatus, concrete is exactly to fish for reserve parent fish to enter the spray seed that carries out trachidermus fasciatus with means such as artificial preparation mariculture, medicine accelerate the ripening in the batch production workshop and cultivate in the inland river.This technology has only realized that industrialized propagation of trachidermus fasciatus and spray seed produce, but exists many weak points on propagation technique and fry production process, causes it to be difficult to promote.The major defect that this technology exists is: 1, because the population of trachidermus fasciatus is very little at present, just fish in rivers in the reserve parent fish of catadromous migration difficulty relatively, acquisition can need suitable man power and material for the reproductive population of certain scale; Catch reserve parent fish put into the batch production workshop culture 2-5 month, again through artificial repening process, complex process; Use expensive equipment such as ozone generator, ultraviolet ray disinfector, protein separator, drop into hugely, cost is too high.2, reserve parent fish and parent population stress, catch an illness, and make to heal with medicine, and re-use medicine and accelerate the ripening and hasten parturition, and natural resources is caused to a certain degree destruction, do not meet safety in production and environmental requirement that fish production is advocated.3, trachidermus fasciatus is cultivated the spray stage and is not also reached the developmental stage that can enter fresh water life.Because trachidermus fasciatus is the katadromy fish, the juvenile fish that breeds will grow in seawater about 50 days after development by metamorphosis is becoming phase end postlarva (summer flower), and the river of just tracing back enters the fresh water continued growth to adult.Therefore, carry out the summer flower fry that metamorphosis has promptly been finished in spray advanced fry that the breed of trachidermus fasciatus or the propagation of releasing all must use can adapt to the fresh water life." the Sungkiang weever spray fry production process " of Fudan University be a stage technique achievement just, and not reaching as yet can the practical mature technology of promoting.
Summary of the invention
The production method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel has realized the artificial propagation and the large-scale production of Sungkiang weever.
Method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) adopts and catch parent population
When 0.5 ℃-6 ℃ of coastal seawater temperature, gather the trachidermus fasciatus parent population breeding period in early spring, transport the fry workshop back with adopting the seawater and the inflation of capturing and punishing;
(2) parent population is supported temporarily
Arrange the parent population storage pond, holding pond in advance at the fry workshop, adopt the parent population caught with 4-6 tail/m coastal
2Density is rendered in the parent fish pond, storage pond, holding pond washes earlier, pond base fabric gas stone inflation is broken into hemisphere and is left the fish nest that breach is made in edge with the plastic float that cultured scallop is used, whole parent fish pond is sterilized with bleaching powder or clorox together with gas stone of arranging and fish nest, adding sea water immersion again behind the discharge thimerosal drains two days later, cross seawater in the adding of parent population storage pond, holding pond through sand filtration, take the shading measure to make the illumination of pond water surface below 100lx, every day, at candlelight drops into fresh and alive biological feed with the 2-3% of parent population body weight, in time removes residual bait and ight soil early morning;
(3) the stimulation by running water parent population oestruses
The pond water of parent fish pond changes water once daytime every day, and first draining adds fresh seawater to the original 50cm degree of depth again to about 10cm depth of water, oestruses to stimulate parent population;
(4) parent population natural propagation and fertilized egg are gathered
Take the foster temporarily parent population of above-mentioned measure when water temperature rises to 5-7 ℃ gradually, check fish nest collection fertilized egg every morning, remove dead parent population and dead food organisms when collecting fertilized egg, and progressively strengthen daily ration, feeding quantity according to the situation of ingesting of parent population, when the water temperature of parent fish pond rises to 10 ℃, stop fertilized egg and gather, in time remove dead parent population, change water every day once;
(5) trachidermus fasciatus fertilized egg hatching
Usable floor area 15-30m
2Cement pit do the hatchery, put into seawater through sand filtration after the sterilization to the 0.4m degree of depth, the bottom, hatchery is to be provided with the inflation of gas stone with parent population storage pond, holding pond similar density, and fix one to two 100w plastics immersible pump in pond edge and produce the cisterna ambiens current, put into the plastics of square opening or the hanaper of iron wire system from the oosperm block that the parent population storage pond, holding pond takes out with 1.5 * 1.0cm, putting into the pieces of an egg amount of hanaper is advisable with 1/2 volume that is no more than hanaper, seal and four angles of bottom with pigment rope bolt on the edge of gas stone at the bottom of sinking to the hatchery after weighing down, check the developmental state of a fertilized egg every day, hatching in 25-30 days under situation about heating up naturally gradually with temperature rising seawater, when development of fertilized ova to sending out eye during the phase, the hanaper that fills pieces of an egg is put into the net cage that the usefulness 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk of 50cm * 40cm * 30cm are made, each net cage is put two hanapers, laying off eggs grain in the collecting pit is also put into net cage and is continued hatching, and net cage is fixed on the framework that iron wire makes.Net cage is put into another hatchery, lower edge is about 10cm at the bottom of the pond, upper limb about 15cm that surfaces, put the 10w plastics immersible pump that an aquarium is used on the fixed mount outside the net cage, delivery port connects plastic tube makes Chi Shui flow into net cage, when prelarva in the net cage hatches and float, in time scoop out prelarva and put into the fry rearing pond;
(6) cultivation of trachidermus fasciatus spray fry may further comprise the steps:
A, fry culture pond are provided with
15-40m
2Cement pit is installed 1/m of gas stone at the bottom of the pond after scrubbing, sterilize and rinsing well
2, adding seawater through sand filtration to the 0.5m-1m degree of depth, air-pump inflating is kept dissolved oxygen and is not less than 7mg/L, and iodine-tungsten lamp is installed in the culture pond top, and to make water surface illumination be 800-1000lx;
The input of B, fry
In the hatchery the trachidermus fasciatus prelarva of membrane come-up render to the fry culture pond, throw in density 8000-20000 tail/m
3
The opening of C, fry
Trachidermus fasciatus prelarva membrane 2-4 swims the sky to swim and add the wheel animalcule opening in the fry culture pond, wheel animalcule adds yeast in indoor unit cell algae or unit cell algae and cultivates, when carrying ovum, most wheel animalcules use, wheel animalcule density in the fry culture pond maintains 4-6/ml, the little Nitzschia closterium minutissima that adds artificial culture simultaneously in the pool water within, make the about 50000/ml of little Nitzschia closterium minutissima concentration of Chi Shui, cultivate in the nutritive salt of little Nitzschia closterium minutissima and use nitrate nitrogen;
D, adjusting illumination are corrected the phototaxis of juvenile fish and are gathered
The little Nitzschia closterium minutissima of throwing in higher density in the pool water within is to reduce the transparency of Chi Shui, and the phototaxis of elimination prelarva is gathered or taked the shading measure to make the illumination of pond water surface below 50lx; After the phototaxis of juvenile fish disappears, cancellation shading measure;
E, throw something and feed
After throwing something and feeding wheel animalcule 4-5 days, add the throwing artemia nauplii, wheel animalcule 4-6/ml and artemia nauplii 2-3/ml simultaneously promptly throws something and feeds, 4-5 days, stop the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding then, the artemia nauplii 4-6/ml that only throws something and feeds still throws in little Nitzschia closterium minutissima and keeps above-mentioned density and keep above-mentioned illumination during this, in the fry culture pond, throw in little Nitzschia closterium minutissima to an age or two age artemia larvae to carry out fortification be an important measure that makes fry normal growth and growth;
F, management
Often observe the behavior of fry, and observe in the fry stomach and intestine whether food is arranged, check whether bait wheel animalcule, artemia nauplii and little Nitzschia closterium minutissima are in above-mentioned density, every day monitoring pool water dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen is not less than 7mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is not more than 0.5mg/L, when changing water later in 10 days, drainpipe is put into the 20-30% that the former volume of pond water is discharged in the net cage siphon, add the seawater of handling well again with amount, adjust the density of wheel animalcule or artemia nauplii after changing water, and add little Nitzschia closterium minutissima to the above-mentioned degree of depth;
Went into behind the pond 15 days from fry, removed residual bait and ight soil at the bottom of the pond with siphonage in every 5-7 days;
(7) the trachidermus fasciatus summer flower phase fry cultivation
The summer flower phase cultivated from the spray later stage, and carry out in the original place in the spray culture pond, carries out one or many branch pond when fry grows up gradually, and the aerating device in trachidermus fasciatus summer flower cultivation pond, keep and the spray of condition of water quality are cultivated identical, and concrete controlled condition is:
A, breeding density
The spray phase that reaches 10mm when body is carried out the branch pond during fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus, and making fry density is 10000 tails/m
3, when fry length arrived the long 13mm of body, breeding density further dropped to 5000 tails/m
3, the trachidermus fasciatus spray that reaches above-mentioned specification begins to carry out metamorphosis, when life is dwelt in the end in the abnormal battalion of fry, makes breeding density be not more than 1500 tails/m
2, when fry long long during for 15mm to body, density otherwise greater than 500 tails/m
2
B, bait throwing in
Fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus before abnormal, artemia nauplii remains suitable biological feed, and along with the ingest increase of bore of fry, should use: 1. the fresh water copepoda is fished for copepoda from freshwater or puddle, input culture pond through running water is rinsed well after; 2. the build of the naked abdomen fleas of the various fresh water of the naked abdomen flea of fresh water (Moina spp.) is less, though adult still greater than the bore of ingesting of fry this moment, the young and young body are the bait that suits; 3. the Mongolian naked abdomen flea naked abdomen flea of Mongolia (Moina mongolia) can be in 4 ‰-40 ‰ salinity range growth and breeding, its young and young body after throwing something and feeding, be not eaten also can survive stand-by, also can in the fishpond, breed the agreeable to the taste young greater than the ingest adult of bore of fry, the back fry that itself also can be grown up gradually is edible, Mongolian naked abdomen flea can be in the salt water lake such as the yellow flag sea in the Inner Mongol, reach in lake etc. locate to gather;
When using fresh water copepoda or fresh water cladocera to cook bait, can reduce the salinity to 15 ‰ of fry culture pond gradually so that prolong the time-to-live of above-mentioned two class fresh water food organisms, when fry is finished abnormal battalion benthon, can be fully with naked abdomen flea as bait;
The spray later stage and the summer flower phase fry bait throwing in be every day twice, get fry after throwing something and feeding and observe and to reach the degree of being satiated with food and get final product;
When using fresh water copepoda or the naked abdomen flea of fresh water, should grasp feeding volume as bait, the one, it is in time eaten; The 2nd, the number of times at the bottom of the suitable increase cleaning pond;
C, management
Enter the abnormal spray later stage and finish abnormal summer flower phase fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus and perch more in the bottom, pond, seldom layer waterborne moves about to the pond except that ingesting, to substitute instrument through hydrophore commonly used or other and whether gather bottom water sample monitoring dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen in above-mentioned normal range (NR), the fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus of growing this moment has lost the ability of swimming at surface water balance, should according to the every 3-5 of the situation of water quality days with at the bottom of the siphonage cleaning pond once, should increase the number of times at the bottom of the cleaning pond when using the fresh water food organisms;
The cultivation of summer flower fry should finish in 5-10 days after metamorphosis, but packed and transported was cultured or discharged in the freshwater lake to freshwater and breeds this moment;
(8) packing and transportation
Finishing abnormal trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry just can pack, be transported to freshwater lake or the river propagation of releasing, or render to freshwater and culture, the trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry of this moment does not also grow the hard sour jujube that can injure mutually, can use and other fish seed similar methods, with higher density packed and transported.For the trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry that will carry out packed and transported, will fall salinity earlier handles, falling salinity can carry out in two steps, at first add fresh water to the fishpond, running water will be placed the dechlorination in 48 hours of sudden and violent gas in advance, make the salinity of Chi Shui drop to 15 ‰, add fresh water after 24 hours again and make salinity drop to 7 ‰ just can to prepare packed and transported.Method is: place a tank below the discharge outlet of fishpond, the net cage of the high effluent trough of a upper limb is housed in the tank.Open the fishpond draining valve, water is carrying fry and is entering net cage.The fry that enters net cage just can be packed after using the water with salinity to rinse out foul again.In the packaging bag of 2kg plastics fry, put into fry 300 tails, add 1/3 place of water, seal after the oxygenation to the plastic sack height.The plastic sack that installs fry is put into foam plastic reservoir, put into again in the case packaged ice cube several, seal bubble chamber, just can load and transport.
The trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry of packing with said method survived through 48 hours and reaches more than 90%.
(9) release or put in a suitable place to breed in the pond
The trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry that is transported to the destination can discharge to natural water body or freshwaters such as lake.When rendering to above-mentioned water body, the temperature difference that packaging bag and desire are thrown in water body is no more than 3 ℃, but needn't consider that both salinity are poor.Trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry can be safely 7 ‰ brackish water from packaging bag directly enter fresh water.
When rendering to freshwater and culture, in the pond, to cultivate in advance the bait of good sufficient cladocera as fry.
The good effect that the present invention obtains is: realized trachidermus fasciatus artificial propagation and large-scale cultivation.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention.
Present embodiment is finished as follows:
(1) adopting of parent population caught
Gather the trachidermus fasciatus parent population in the coastal waters with networking breeding period in early spring.
Trachidermus fasciatus is to fall extra large reproduction fish, and enter marine autumn along the river, and the fattening of ingesting in the shallow sea promotes gonad development, when winter, coastal water temperature dropped to below 0 ℃ or 0 ℃, goes into the deep-sea and survives the winter.When early spring, coastal water temperature was raised to more than 0 ℃, gets back to ingest strongly accumulation energy, gonad of shallow sea and reach ripe, and look for idol, mating breeding.When early spring, the shallow sea water temperature was raised to 0.5 ℃-4 ℃, idol was looked near the shoal migration of the mature brood fish inshore spawning ground, when water temperature is raised to 4 ℃-6 ℃, entered the mating breeding of place, reef slit.The littoral place of reef in the Bohai Sea Gulf comprises that it is the common spawning ground of trachidermus fasciatus that the breakwater of artificial construction etc. is located.The parent population that artificial propagation is used is suitable adopts that to catch temperature be 0.5 ℃-6 ℃ of shallow sea water temperatures, adopts the ratio height of the parent population gonad maturity of catching this moment; When water temperature surpasses 7-10 ℃,, at this moment adopt and contain the more sexual gland individuality of incomplete development maturation still in the parent population of catching because of most mature brood fish have entered the place mating breeding of laying eggs.Parent population can be at this moment otter-trawl, linked network, double the catching of networking of other fishery operation (as fishing for mantis shrimp, Xia Hu fish etc.) obtain in the thing, effectively netting gear is networking (a jar net).The parent population that collects is transported the fry workshop back with adopting the seawater and the inflation of capturing and punishing as early as possible.
(2) parent population supports temporarily
Arrange the parent population storage pond, holding pond in advance at the fry workshop.The parent population storage pond, holding pond can be used 25-50m
2Cement pit, the too small activity that is unfavorable for parent population of area, area is excessive to be unfavorable for management.Adopt the parent population caught with 4-6 tail/m coastal
2Density is rendered in the parent fish pond.Storage pond, holding pond washes earlier, pond base fabric gas stone (every 3-4m
2One) inflation and plastic float that cultured scallop is used break into hemisphere and edge leave the fish nest that breach makes (2-3 is individual/m
2).Whole parent fish pond is sterilized with bleaching powder or clorox together with gas stone of arranging and fish nest, adds sea water immersion again behind the discharge thimerosal and drains two days later.The seawater that is used to culture parent population early spring because of the low pathogen content of water temperature is low can be not sterile-processed, only after sand filtration, directly use.Cross seawater to the 0.5m degree of depth in the adding of parent population storage pond, holding pond through sand filtration.Parent population fears high light, need take the shading measure to make the illumination of pond water surface below 100lx.Every day, at candlelight drops into fresh and alive biological feed with the 2-3% of parent population body weight, as clam worm, small-sized ocean fish and extra large shrimp.In time remove residual bait and ight soil early morning.Only there is this moment minority parent population on an empty stomach to ingest, is still indispensable measure but throw something and feed.
(3) the stimulation by running water parent population oestruses
The pond water of parent fish pond changes water once every day.Because of trachidermus fasciatus is the fish of hiding by day and coming out at night, changes water and will carry out by day.Way is that about 10cm depth of water is arrived in first draining, adds fresh seawater again to the original 50cm degree of depth.Changing water and not only can keep the cleaning of Chi Shui, also is the requisite measure that stimulates parent population to oestrus.
(4) parent population natural propagation and fertilized egg are gathered
The parent population of taking above-mentioned measure to support temporarily oestruses when water temperature rises to 5-7 ℃ gradually and the self-copulation breeding.When rivalry behavior occurring in the parent fish pond, check fish nest collection fertilized egg every morning.The fertilized egg of trachidermus fasciatus is yellow or bisque bulk, and the general upper wall that produces at the fish nest is bonding and insecure with fish nest wall, more easily takes off.Remove dead parent population and dead food organisms when collecting fertilized egg.Will progressively strengthen daily ration, feeding quantity this moment according to the situation of ingesting of parent population.The purpose that strengthens daily ration, feeding quantity is: guarantee that one, parent population has enough energy to finish reproductive process, avoid parent population also not finish when laying eggs overall process just because of in the flue and dead; Two, satisfy the requirement of ingesting strongly of the parent population behind the mate and oviposit, increase the survival rate of parent population in postpartum.By the parent population under the above-mentioned measure management, can reach survival rate more than 50% in postpartum.When the water temperature of parent fish pond rises to 10 ℃, stop fertilized egg and gather, parent population put return marine.The management of this stage parent population storage pond, holding pond is in time to remove dead parent population, changes water every day once.
(5) trachidermus fasciatus fertilized egg hatching
The trachidermus fasciatus fertilized egg hatching is carried out in the hatchery.The about 15-30m of hatchery usable floor area
2Cement pit, put into after the sterilization through the seawater of sand filtration to about 0.4m degree of depth.Inflate with parent population storage pond, holding pond similar density gas stone to be set the bottom, hatchery, and fix one to two 100w plastics immersible pump generation cisterna ambiens current in pond edge.Put into the hanaper of plastics or iron wire system from the oosperm block of parent population storage pond, holding pond taking-up.Put into the pieces of an egg amount of hanaper and be advisable with 1/2 volume that is no more than hanaper, seal and four angles of bottom with pigment rope bolt on the edge of gas stone at the bottom of sinking to the hatchery after weighing down.The gap that the cisterna ambiens current that the square opening of 1.5 * 1.0cm on the hanaper can provide enough permeabilities that immersible pump is produced penetrate in the pieces of an egg provides sufficient dissolved oxygen for the fertilized egg of pieces of an egg inside, satisfies the outside and the inner dissolved oxygen demand of pieces of an egg.The block ovum of trachidermus fasciatus only just can make the fertilized egg of pieces of an egg inside obtain sufficient dissolved oxygen normal development, hatching under the condition of flowing water.Only inflation does not have current can make the hole of pieces of an egg inside be full of bubble and floats, and inner ovum grain can not get oxygen and death.Have a small amount of ovum grain comes off out, combines in the pond in the hanaper under the effect of cisterna ambiens current central part with this kind method in hatching process, these laying off eggs grains can be collected in the later stage of hatching and use.Check the developmental state of a fertilized egg every day.Under situation about heating up naturally gradually, need hatching in 25-30 days approximately with temperature rising seawater.When development of fertilized ova fills the pieces of an egg hanaper and puts into the net cage that the usefulness 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk of 50cm * 40cm * 30cm are made to sending out eye during the phase, putting, each net cage is put two hanapers.Laying off eggs grain in the collecting pit is also put into net cage continuation hatching at this moment.Net cage is fixed on the framework that iron wire makes, and puts into another hatchery.Lower edge is about 10cm at the bottom of the pond, upper limb about 15cm that surfaces.Put the 10w plastics immersible pump that an aquarium is used on the fixed mount outside the net cage, delivery port connects plastic tube makes Chi Shui flow into net cage.When prelarva in the net cage hatches and float, in time scoop out prelarva and put into the fry rearing pond.Can utilize the phototaxis of prelarva when collecting prelarva, make prelarva gather the top of net cage, be convenient to collect with light.
(6) cultivation of trachidermus fasciatus spray fry may further comprise the steps:
A, fry culture pond are provided with
15-40m
2Cement pit is installed 1/m of gas stone at the bottom of the pond after scrubbing, sterilize and rinsing well
2, adding seawater through sand filtration to the 0.5m-1m degree of depth, the concrete degree of depth is according to the quantity of prelarva.Air-pump inflating is kept dissolved oxygen and is not less than 7mg/L.It is 800-1000lx that installation iodine-tungsten lamp in culture pond top makes water surface illumination.
The input of B, fry
In the hatchery the trachidermus fasciatus prelarva of membrane come-up render to the fry culture pond, throw in density 8000-20000 tail/m
3The depth of water of fry culture pond will be adjusted according to above-mentioned prelarva reference density.
The opening of C, fry
Trachidermus fasciatus prelarva membrane began come-up swimming in about 2-4 days successively.Under the nature seawater water temperature condition at this moment the yolk sac of (7 ℃-10 ℃) trachidermus fasciatus prelarva absorb slower, as long as in 3 days of come-up swimming, in the fry culture pond, add the wheel animalcule opening.To add yeast in indoor unit cell algae or unit cell algae and cultivate, when most wheel animalcules are carried ovum, use.After the wheel animalcule of carrying summer egg entered the fry culture pond, summer egg was hatched into the small body type wheel animalcule, becomes the optimal aperture bait of prelarva.Wheel animalcule density in the fry culture pond will maintain 4-6/ml, adds the little Nitzschia closterium minutissima of artificial culture simultaneously in the pool water within, makes the about 50000/ml of little Nitzschia closterium minutissima concentration of Chi Shui.Cultivate in the nutritive salt of little Nitzschia closterium minutissima and will use nitrate nitrogen to avoid using ammonium nitrogen, prevent that too much ammonium nitrogen from entering the fishpond.In the fry culture pond, add little Nitzschia closterium minutissima following effect is arranged: 1. wheel animalcule is carried out fortification, make wheel animalcule in time obtain the bait body and contain enough nutrient components, particularly contain the essential insatiable hunger of prelarva growth and close fatty acid.2. this moment the fry culture pond the normal growth scope of the little Nitzschia closterium minutissima of water temperature (7 ℃-10 ℃), can in time remove harmful metabolic waste of juvenile fish and food organisms (wheel animalcule, artemia larvae) by its organic photosynthetic one-tenth effect, improve the water quality of Chi Shui.3. reduce water transparence, correct the phototaxis of prelarva.
D, adjusting illumination are corrected the phototaxis of juvenile fish and are gathered
The trachidermus fasciatus juvenile fish presented strong phototaxis in 5-7 days that float after swimming, this moment, juvenile fish gathered to bright place, fought for the strong regional area of illumination.Make it evenly as untimely adjustment intensity of illumination, juvenile fish is easily used up all one's strength and death.The little Nitzschia closterium minutissima of throwing in higher density in the pool water within can reduce the transparency of Chi Shui, eliminates the phototaxis of prelarva effectively and gathers.As adding little Nitzschia closterium minutissima in the pool water within, then to take illumination that the shading measure makes the pond water surface below 50lx, can make juvenile fish no longer carry out the illumination contention like this, recover normal and evenly distribute and normal feeding behaviour.The phototaxis of juvenile fish continues disappearance in 5-7 days, can cancel the shading measure when the time comes.
E, throw something and feed
After throwing something and feeding wheel animalcule 4-5 days, add the throwing artemia nauplii, the wheel animalcule of promptly throwing something and feeding simultaneously (4-6/ml) and (2-3/ml) 4-5 days of artemia nauplii.Stop the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding then, the artemia nauplii of only throwing something and feeding (4-6/ml).Still throw in little Nitzschia closterium minutissima during this and keep the about 50000/ml of concentration, below the illuminance 50lx.In the fry culture pond, throw in little Nitzschia closterium minutissima to an age or two age artemia larvae to carry out fortification be an important measure that makes fry normal growth and growth.
So far fry has had certain ability of initiatively looking for food, but still keeps the animation that swims.Under the natural temperature in Bohai Sea Gulf, through about 20 days, the juvenile fish body reached 10-12mm from the hatching beginning.
F, management
Often observe the behavior of fry, and observe in the fry stomach and intestine whether food is arranged.Check whether bait (wheel animalcule, artemia nauplii) and little Nitzschia closterium minutissima are in above-mentioned density.The normal condition fry is random distribution on each degree of depth in the pond, whether will note anoxic when floating to the water surface on most fries.Every day monitoring pool water dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen otherwise less than 7mg/L, ammonia nitrogen otherwise greater than 0.5mg/L.Need in time change water during as dissolved oxygen decline or ammonia nitrogen rising.Go into 10 days of pond prelarva and can not change water, in order to avoid fry comes to harm with interior.When changing water later in 10 days, drainpipe is put into the 20-30% that the former volume of pond water is discharged in the net cage siphon, add the seawater of handling well again with amount.Adjust the density of wheel animalcule or artemia nauplii after changing water, and add little Nitzschia closterium minutissima to the about 50000/ml of concentration.
Went into behind the pond 15 days from fry, removed residual bait and ight soil at the bottom of the pond with siphonage in every 5-7 days.
(7) the trachidermus fasciatus summer flower phase fry cultivation
In natural environment, trachidermus fasciatus spray fry still inhabits the place, shallow sea and seeks the life of swimming.Continued growth is grown will be through abnormal, and promptly health becomes the abdomen dorsal part flat build similar to adult fish, and transfer the end life of dwelling to.Finish abnormal trachidermus fasciatus postlarva (phase end postlarva) and begin from the river mouth contrary river and be advanced into the fresh water continued growth and grow, this moment the phase end postlarva be called summer flower.Metamorphosis is the critical event that the trachidermus fasciatus juvenile fish grows, and juvenile fish can not the bud into adult fish without metamorphosis, can not discharge to rivers and lakes propagation or renders to freshwater and culture as seed.The summer flower phase cultivated from the spray later stage, can carry out in the original place in the spray culture pond, will carry out one or many branch pond when fry grows up gradually.The trachidermus fasciatus summer flower is cultivated aerating device, the keeping of condition of water quality in pond and is cultivated identical with spray.Actual conditions is:
A, breeding density
The spray phase fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus that body reaches 10mm has possessed preliminary active swimming and the ability of initiatively looking for food in the hydrostatic fishpond, begin cluster gradually and move about.Will carry out the branch pond this moment, and making fry density is 10000 tails/m
3When fry length arrived the long 13mm of body, density will further drop to 5000 tails/m
3The trachidermus fasciatus spray that reaches above-mentioned specification under normal circumstances begins to carry out metamorphosis.It is very slow that the spray later stage enters the long growth of body of abnormal fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus, and the wide growth of body is rapid, and becomes the flat build of abdomen dorsal part gradually.Enter spray during the later stage, note observing fry and whether normally carry out metamorphosis.When life is dwelt in the end in the abnormal battalion of fry, make breeding density be not more than 1500 tails/m
2Suitably reduce density and can make the fry growth hurry up, but reduce the availability in fishpond.This moment, density will be by the floor space in fishpond rather than the volume calculating of pressing water body.When fry long long during for 15mm to body, density otherwise greater than 500 tails/m
2
B, bait throwing in
For the fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus before the metamorphosis, artemia nauplii remains suitable biological feed.Along with the ingest increase of bore of fry, can use: 1. the fresh water copepoda is fished for copepoda from freshwater or puddle, drops into culture pond after running water is rinsed well.The time-to-live of fresh water copepoda in seawater is about 6 hours, can be eaten and not remain by fry fully under the inexcessive situation of throwing something and feeding.2. the build of the naked abdomen fleas of the various fresh water of the naked abdomen flea of fresh water (Moina spp.) is less, though adult still greater than the bore of ingesting of fry this moment, the young and young body are the bait that suits.Adopting when catching naked abdomen flea, note adopting in the colony that catches the young and young body rather than adult and account for more ratio as bait.Cultivate in the indoor and outdoors pond of naked abdomen flea can be with reference to relevant data.The naked abdomen flea of fresh water can survive in seawater 2 ~ 3 hours.3. the Mongolian naked abdomen flea naked abdomen flea of Mongolia (Moina mongolia) can be in 4 ‰ ~ 40 ‰ salinity range growth and breeding.Its young and young body are not eaten after throwing something and feeding and can survive stand-byly yet, can breed the agreeable to the taste young in the fishpond greater than the ingest adult of bore of fry yet, and the back fry that itself also can be grown up gradually is edible.The naked abdomen flea of Mongolia can be in the salt water lake such as the yellow flag sea in the Inner Mongol, reach in lake etc. locate to gather, indoor and outdoors pond cultural method can be with reference to relevant data.
When using fresh water copepoda or fresh water cladocera to cook bait, can reduce the salinity to 15 ‰ of fry culture pond gradually so that prolong the time-to-live of above-mentioned two class fresh water food organisms.When fry is finished abnormal battalion benthon, can be fully with naked abdomen flea as bait.
The spray later stage and the summer flower phase fry bait throwing in can be every day twice, get fry after throwing something and feeding and observe and to reach the degree of being satiated with food and get final product.
When using fresh water copepoda or the naked abdomen flea of fresh water as bait, easily causing these food organisms to enter behind the seawater of culture pond can not be by the timely edible and dead problem that causes pool water pollution at the bottom of the pond that sinks to.The method one that solves is rationally to grasp feeding volume, and it is in time eaten; The 2nd, the number of times at the bottom of the suitable increase cleaning pond.
C, management
Enter the abnormal spray later stage and finish abnormal summer flower phase fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus and perch in the bottom, pond more, seldom layer waterborne moves about to the pond except that ingesting.To substitute instrument through hydrophore commonly used or other and whether gather bottom water sample monitoring dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen in above-mentioned normal range (NR).The fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus of growing this moment has lost the ability of swimming at surface water balance, can not judge anoxic with " floating head ".The long-time delay at the bottom of the pond of organic matter sediment can make the water quality of bottom water degenerate and surface water sampling sample monitoring can't reflect.According to the every 3-5 of the situation of water quality days with at the bottom of the siphonage cleaning pond once, to increase the number of times at the bottom of the cleaning pond when using the fresh water food organisms as the case may be.
Finish abnormal 15 days limited with interior trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry because of the bore of ingesting, still can not oneself kill and devour mutually.The cultivation of summer flower fry should finish in 5-10 days after metamorphosis.But packed and transported was cultured or was discharged in the freshwater lake to freshwater and breeds this moment.
(8) packing and transportation
Finish abnormal trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry and just can pack, be transported to freshwater lake or the river propagation of releasing, or render to freshwater and culture.The trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry of this moment does not also grow the hard sour jujube that can injure mutually, can use and other fish seed similar methods, with higher density packed and transported.For the trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry that will carry out packed and transported, fall salinity earlier and handle.Falling salinity can carry out in two steps.At first add fresh water (running water will be placed the dechlorination in 48 hours of sudden and violent gas in advance) and make the salinity of Chi Shui drop to 15 ‰, add fresh water after 24 hours again and make salinity drop to 7 ‰ just can to prepare packed and transported to the fishpond.Below the discharge outlet of fishpond, place a tank, the net cage of the high effluent trough of a upper limb is housed in the tank.Open the fishpond draining valve, water is carrying fry and is entering net cage.The fry that enters net cage just can be packed after using the water with salinity to rinse out foul again.In the packaging bag of 2kg plastics fry, put into fry 300 tails, add 1/3 place of water, seal after the oxygenation to the plastic sack height.The plastic sack that installs fry is put into foam plastic reservoir, put into again in the case packaged ice cube several, seal bubble chamber, just can load and transport.
The trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry of packing with said method survived through 48 hours and reaches more than 90%.
(9) release or put in a suitable place to breed in the pond
The trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry that is transported to the destination can discharge to natural water body or freshwaters such as lake.When rendering to above-mentioned water body, notice that the temperature difference of packaging bag and desire input water body is no more than 3 ℃, but needn't consider that both salinity are poor.Trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry can be safely 7 ‰ brackish water from packaging bag directly enter fresh water.When rendering to freshwater and culture, in the pond, to cultivate in advance the bait of good sufficient cladocera as fry.
The applicant has carried out the research of trachidermus fasciatus breeding and seed rearing from calendar year 2001, and carried out the research of trachidermus fasciatus fry production process in 2003,2004,2005,2006, formed the mature technology of the low but respond well production trachidermus fasciatus summer flower seed of oneself the simple cost of technology, the trachidermus fasciatus summer flower seed of cultivating is successfully cultured at the freshwater in Hebei and Jiangsu, and has received better effects.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of production method of summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) adopts and catch parent population
When 0.5 ℃-6 ℃ of coastal seawater temperature, gather the trachidermus fasciatus parent population breeding period in early spring, transport the fry workshop back with adopting the seawater and the inflation of capturing and punishing;
(2) parent population is supported temporarily
Arrange the parent population storage pond, holding pond in advance at the fry workshop, adopt the parent population caught with 4-6 tail/m
2Density is rendered in the parent fish pond, storage pond, holding pond washes earlier, pond base fabric gas stone inflation is broken into hemisphere and is left the fish nest that breach is made in edge with the plastic float that cultured scallop is used, whole parent fish pond is sterilized with bleaching powder or clorox together with gas stone of arranging and fish nest, at the seawater of parent population storage pond, holding pond adding through sand filtration, take the shading measure to make the illumination of pond water surface below 100lx, every day, at candlelight drops into fresh and alive biological feed with the 2-3% of parent population body weight, in time removes residual bait and ight soil early morning;
(3) the stimulation by running water parent population oestruses
The pond water of parent fish pond changes water once daytime every day, stimulates parent population to oestrus;
(4) parent population natural propagation and fertilized egg are gathered
Take the foster temporarily parent population of above-mentioned measure when water temperature rises to 5-7 ℃ gradually, check fish nest collection fertilized egg every morning, remove dead parent population and dead food organisms and progressively strengthen daily ration, feeding quantity according to the situation of ingesting of parent population, when the water temperature of parent fish pond rises to 10 ℃, stopping fertilized egg gathering, in time remove dead parent population, change water every day once;
(5) trachidermus fasciatus fertilized egg hatching
Put into seawater after the sterilization of hatchery through sand filtration, the bottom, hatchery is to be provided with the inflation of gas stone with parent population storage pond, holding pond similar density, and fix one to two 100w plastics immersible pump in pond edge and produce the cisterna ambiens current, put into the hanaper of plastics or iron wire system from the oosperm block of parent population storage pond, holding pond taking-up, putting into the pieces of an egg amount of hanaper is advisable with 1/2 volume that is no more than hanaper, seal and four angles of bottom with the plastic ties bolt on the edge of gas stone at the bottom of sinking to the hatchery after weighing down, check the developmental state of a fertilized egg every day, when development of fertilized ova to sending out eye during the phase, put into the net cage made from 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk with filling the pieces of an egg hanaper, net cage is put into another hatchery, put the 10w plastics immersible pump that an aquarium is used on the fixed mount outside the net cage, delivery port connects plastic tube makes Chi Shui flow into net cage, when prelarva in the net cage hatches and float, in time scoop out prelarva and put into the fry rearing pond;
(6) cultivation of trachidermus fasciatus spray fry may further comprise the steps:
A, fry culture pond are provided with
Cement pit is installed gas stone at the bottom of the pond after scrubbing, sterilize and rinsing well, add the seawater through sand filtration, and air-pump inflating is kept dissolved oxygen and is not less than 7mg/L, and iodine-tungsten lamp is installed in the culture pond top, and to make water surface illumination be 800-1000lx;
The input of B, fry
With in the hatchery the trachidermus fasciatus prelarva of membrane come-up to throw in density 8000-20000 tail/m
3Render to the fry culture pond,
The opening of C, fry
Trachidermus fasciatus prelarva membrane 2-4 swims the sky to swim and add the wheel animalcule opening in the fry culture pond, wheel animalcule adds yeast in indoor unit cell algae or unit cell algae and cultivates, when carrying ovum, most wheel animalcules use, wheel animalcule density in the fry culture pond maintains 4-6/ml, the little Nitzschia closterium minutissima that adds artificial culture simultaneously in the pool water within, make the about 50000/ml of little Nitzschia closterium minutissima concentration of Chi Shui, cultivate in the nutritive salt of little Nitzschia closterium minutissima and use nitrate nitrogen;
D, adjusting illumination are corrected the phototaxis of juvenile fish and are gathered
Throw in little Nitzschia closterium minutissima in the pool water within to reduce the transparency of Chi Shui, the phototaxis of elimination prelarva is gathered or is taked the shading measure to make the illumination of pond water surface below 50lx; After the phototaxis of juvenile fish disappears, cancellation shading measure;
E, throw something and feed
After throwing something and feeding wheel animalcule 4-5 days, add the throwing artemia nauplii, threw something and fed simultaneously wheel animalcule and artemia nauplii 4-5 days, stop the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding then, the artemia nauplii 4-6/ml that only throws something and feeds still throws in little Nitzschia closterium minutissima and keeps the about 50000/ml of concentration during this, keep illumination below 50lx;
F, management method
Observe the behavior of fry, and observe in the fry stomach and intestine whether food is arranged, check whether bait and little Nitzschia closterium minutissima are in the about 50000/ml of concentration, every day monitoring pool water dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, keep dissolved oxygen and be not less than 7mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is not more than 0.5mg/L, when changing water later in 10 days drainpipe is put into net
The 20-30% of the former volume of pond water is discharged in the case siphon, adds the seawater of handling well with amount again, changes the method for adjusting the concentration of wheel animalcule or artemia nauplii behind the water and carries out with reference to preceding step E is described, and add little Nitzschia closterium minutissima to the about 50000/ml of concentration;
Went into behind the pond 15 days from fry, removed residual bait and ight soil at the bottom of the pond with siphonage in every 5-7 days;
(7) the trachidermus fasciatus summer flower phase fry cultivation
The summer flower phase cultivated from the spray later stage, and carry out in the original place in the spray culture pond, carries out one or many branch pond when fry grows up gradually, and the aerating device in trachidermus fasciatus summer flower cultivation pond, keep and the spray of condition of water quality are cultivated identical, and concrete controlled condition is:
A, breeding density
The spray phase that reaches 10mm when body is carried out the branch pond during fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus, and making fry density is 10000 tails/m
3, when fry length arrived the long 13mm of body, breeding density further dropped to 5000 tails/m
3, when life is dwelt in the end in the abnormal battalion of fry, make breeding density be not more than 1500 tails/m
2, when fry length was 15mm to body is long, density was not more than 500 tails/m
2
B, bait throwing in
The fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus in abnormal stage, suitable biological feed is: 1. the fresh water copepoda is fished for copepoda from freshwater or puddle, drops into culture pond after running water is rinsed well; 2. the 3. Mongolian naked abdomen flea of the naked abdomen flea of fresh water;
When fry is finished abnormal battalion benthon, use naked abdomen flea fully as bait;
The spray later stage and the summer flower phase fry bait throwing in every day twice, get fry after throwing something and feeding and observe and reach the degree of being satiated with food and get final product;
C, management
Substitute instrument with hydrophore or other and gather bottom water sample monitoring dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, according to the every 3-5 of the situation of water quality days with at the bottom of the siphonage cleaning pond once; Finish in the 5-10 of the cultivation of summer flower fry after metamorphosis days, but just packed and transported is cultured or is discharged in the freshwater lake to freshwater and breeds;
(8) packing and transportation
Finish abnormal trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry and pack, be transported to freshwater lake or the river propagation of releasing, or render to freshwater and culture, use and other fish seed similar methods, fall the salinity processing before the packing earlier, carry out packed and transported again;
(9) release or put in a suitable place to breed in the pond
The trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry that is transported to the destination is discharged to the lake natural water body or freshwater is cultured, the temperature difference that keeps desire to throw in water body is no more than 3 ℃, cultivates the bait of good sufficient cladocera as fry before throwing in earlier in the pond.
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