CN104430070B - Method for culturing offspring seeds of fierce fishes - Google Patents
Method for culturing offspring seeds of fierce fishes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104430070B CN104430070B CN201410547379.8A CN201410547379A CN104430070B CN 104430070 B CN104430070 B CN 104430070B CN 201410547379 A CN201410547379 A CN 201410547379A CN 104430070 B CN104430070 B CN 104430070B
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- 241000264847 Siniperca chuatsi Species 0.000 description 7
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing offspring seeds of fierce fishes, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The method comprises the steps that the water quality condition of a culture pond is strictly controlled, net cage culturing and grading culturing are adopted, bait feeding is controlled, the strict water quality management and disease control are adopted, the offspring seeds of the fierce fishes can be cultured in a high-density manner, the culturing density can reach 2000 seedlings/m<2>, meanwhile, the method is adopted to reduce occurrence of diseases in the offspring seed culturing period, the survival rate can be greatly improved, and the cultured offspring seeds of the fierce fishes are high in uniformity and small in variable coefficient. The method is easy to operate and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of ferociousness fish fry breeding method.
Background technology
In aquaculture, a bottleneck of always ferociousness Fish production of killing each other.Especially in young, the training of juvenile fish
In educating, the use of man-made feeds, cultivation density is excessive, and bait feeding is not enough, the reason such as natural shortage of veil, all increases
Similar fry internecine possibility.And for born ferociousness Fish (Elopichthys bambusa, Siniperca chuatsi, perch with habit of killing each other
Fish, Silurus asotus fish, Ophicephalus arguss, Erythroculter ilishaeformis (Bleeker) etc.), when inanition or specification size differ greatly, this habit performance is particularly pertinent,
Directly affects the yield and quality of seed rearing.
The content of the invention
The present invention seeks to overcome drawbacks described above, there is provided a kind of ferociousness fish fry breeding method, using raising in cage,
Breeding graded and strict water quality management, disease control, so as to effectively improve ferociousness fish fry cultivation survival rate and
Regularity.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of ferociousness fish fry breeding method, it is comprised the following steps：
(1) cultivate pond to require
Cultivation pond area is 2-4 mus, pond depth of water 2.5-3m, water inlet diameter 10cm, and be with mesh size
The bolting silk net cloth cover of 0.25mm is lived, and prevents harmful animal from entering, and puts flower silver carp regulating water quality in pond in a suitable place to breed, and the breeding density of flower silver carp is
150 tails/mu, cultivate pond carries out bottom material of pond for breeding reparation at the beginning of the year, splash substrate renovation agent and plantation rye grass, cultivates first half
Month, the chicken manure or pig manure of fermentation are thrown in water, it is 500 pounds/acre to throw in ratio, makes to contain zooplankton in water, including wheel
Insects 5-7 kinds, cladocera 3-5 kinds, Copepods 3-5 kinds, cultivate the aerator of 1 750KW of pond middle setting, the fine day morning 10
To 2 pm, at 2 points in evening to 6 points of morning, cloudy 24h is opened point, it is ensured that pond dissolved oxygen is sufficient；
(2) cultivate net cage to make
Casing selects polyethylene knotless netting, opened type, mesh size to have two kinds：60 mesh and 6 mesh, net cage has three kinds of rule
Lattice：The net cage of wherein 60 mesh mesh has 0.5m × 0.8m × 1.0m (length × width × height, similarly hereinafter) and 1.0m × 1.0m × 2.0m two
Specification is planted, the net cage of 6 mesh mesh there are a kind of specifications of 2.0m × 2.0m × 2.5m, for carrying out one, two, three classification training to seed
Educate；
(3) cultivate net cage to arrange
Net cage surrounding inserts four bamboo poles, and upper and lower four steel cables tie up on bamboo pole, net cage is fixed on steel cable, and net cage sets
Put at the depth of water is more than 1.0m, line-spacing is 4-5m between each net cage, be easy to water body inside and outside casing to exchange, during fry cartonning one is shifted to an earlier date
Week is installed to net cage in pond, makes net cage wall with algae, to prevent fry from entering damage by friction after casing, improve seed into
Motility rate, net cage top is higher by more than water surface 30cm, net cage bottom is liftoff more than 50cm, using cobblestone or fragment of brick as sinker,
Net cage is freely launched to surrounding, the nurturing period cleans daily a net cage, keep water quality in case pure and fresh；
(4) seed rearing
The breeding graded seed of net cage is the fry with a collection of artificial propagation, after initial feeding after circuit cultivates 3-5d again
Carry out into net cage breeding graded, fry body constitution now preferably, initially enters the one-level that specification is 0.5m × 0.8m × 1.0m
Cultivate raising in cage 5d；The first order is cultivated after terminating, and in the morning 6 points to 8 points carry out sub-sieve with accordingly sieving towards several bamboo fish, go
Turn around Seedling and tail Seedling, and the fry of neat specification enters two grades of cultivation raising in cage 5d that specification is 1.0m × 1.0m × 2.0m；The
After two grades of cultivations terminate, sub-sieve being carried out again, removing turn around Seedling and tail Seedling, it is 2.0m × 2.0m that the fry of neat specification enters specification
The three-level of × 2.5m cultivates raising in cage 5d, and the third level is cultivated after terminating, and sub-sieve is carried out again, goes turn around Seedling and tail Seedling, specification
Neat fry directly descends pool mark slightly, and overall process must be operated with water, and speed is rapid, prevents fry hypoxia death, each classification
Screening cycle, statistics fry quantity and total length；
(5) bait feeding
The bait feeding number of times of nurturing period is 3-4 times/day, and each feeding volume is the 5-10% of fry body weight, along
Net cage surrounding feeds, and is easy to juvenile fish to have food within the scope of the Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of oneself, and aerator, observation are closed during feeding
Fry state, is conducive to disease to observe and prevention and control, waits the water surface to also have a small amount of fry when travelling, opens aerator；
(6) water quality management
Nurturing period need to control water quality physical and chemical index, and the water temperature for keeping pond is 7.5-7.9, dissolving in 28-29 DEG C, pH value
Oxygen 8.0-8.5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen ＜ 0.1mg/L and nitrite ＜ 0.05mg/L, monitor daily net cage and the water quality in pond refers to
Mark, it is exceeded if any water quality index, new water need to be injected in pond, a quantity of exchanged water no more than full pond 1/3, it is ensured that water quality index
Safety, need conscientiously to observe net cage body situation daily, mainly see whether mesh also penetrating, if mesh has been blocked, and
When scrubbed with brush, it is ensured that with the water coke slurry in pond；Whether observation mesh has broken hole, remedies in time if needed；
(7) disease control
Generally raising in cage seed density is larger, and in this case, fish diseasess are mainly relied mainly on prevention, and refers to except monitoring water quality
Mark, observation fish body is ingested situation, and timing weekly uses the Tiny ecosystem bacterium solution being made up of hay spore, lichens spore, wax-like spore
Carry out regulating water quality, the living bacteria count >=30,000,000,000/ml in the Tiny ecosystem bacterium solution, bacterium solution is in mass ratio bacterium solution using front:
Brown sugar: peanut residue=1: 2: 4 ratio is put into amplification culture fermentation 48h in drum or cylinder, in fine day morning full pool spilling head.
Preferably, the substrate renovation agent is made up of chelated iodine, flocculant, activator, the chelated iodine, flocculant, work
The mass ratio of agent is 1: 2: 3, and the flocculant is selected from one or two in shitosan, zeolite powder, and the activator is selected from
One or two in humic acid, bentonite.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
Ferociousness fish fry can to high-density be cultivated using the method for the present invention, its density cultivated can reach
2000 tails/m2, meanwhile, the disease during can reducing seed rearing using the method occurs, and greatly improves survival rate, cultivates
Ferociousness fish fry regularity it is high, the coefficient of variation is little.The present invention is simple to operate, it is easy to promote.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 Siniperca chuatsis, largemouth bass, growing state of the hybridized snakehead fish in the nurturing period.
Fig. 2 Siniperca chuatsis, largemouth bass, survival rate situation of the hybridized snakehead fish in the nurturing period.
Fig. 3 Siniperca chuatsis, largemouth bass, regularity situation of the hybridized snakehead fish in the nurturing period.
Fig. 4 Siniperca chuatsis, largemouth bass, body long coefficient of variation situation of the hybridized snakehead fish in the nurturing period.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Siniperca chuatsi offspring seed cultivation method, comprises the following steps：
(1) cultivate pond to require
Cultivation pond area is 2-4 mus, pond depth of water 2.5-3m, water inlet diameter 10cm, and be with mesh size
The bolting silk net cloth cover of 0.25mm is lived, and prevents harmful animal from entering, and puts flower silver carp regulating water quality in pond in a suitable place to breed, and the breeding density of flower silver carp is
150 tails/mu, cultivate pond carries out bottom material of pond for breeding reparation at the beginning of the year, splashes by chelated iodine, shitosan, zeolite powder, humic acid, swollen
Profit local soil type into substrate renovation agent (mass ratio is followed successively by 1: 1: 1: 1.5: 1.5) and plantation rye grass, cultivation first half of the month, in water
The chicken manure or pig manure of fermentation are thrown in, it is 500 pounds/acre to throw in ratio, is made containing more zooplankton in water, including wheel animalcule
Class 5-7 kind, cladocera 3-5 kinds, Copepods 3-5 kinds, cultivate the aerator of 1 750KW of pond middle setting, at 10 points in the fine day morning
To 2 pm, at 2 points in evening to 6 points of morning, cloudy 24h is opened, it is ensured that pond dissolved oxygen is sufficient；
(2) cultivate net cage to make
Casing selects polyethylene knotless netting, opened type, mesh size to have two kinds：60 mesh and 6 mesh, net cage has three kinds of rule
Lattice：The net cage of wherein 60 mesh mesh has two kinds of specifications of 0.5m × 0.8m × 1.0m and 1.0m × 1.0m × 2.0m, the net of 6 mesh mesh
Case has a kind of specifications of 2.0m × 2.0m × 2.5m, for seed to be divided into one, two, three breeding graded stage；
(3) cultivate net cage to arrange
Net cage surrounding inserts four bamboo poles, and upper and lower four steel cables tie up on bamboo pole, net cage is fixed on steel cable, and net cage sets
Put at the depth of water is more than 1.0m, line-spacing is 4-5m between each net cage, be easy to water body inside and outside casing to exchange, during fry cartonning one is shifted to an earlier date
Week is installed to net cage in pond, makes net cage wall with algae, to prevent fry from entering damage by friction after casing, improve seed into
Motility rate, net cage top is higher by more than water surface 30cm, net cage bottom is liftoff more than 50cm, using cobblestone or fragment of brick as sinker,
Net cage is freely launched to surrounding, the nurturing period cleans daily a net cage, keep water quality in case pure and fresh；
(4) seed rearing
The breeding graded seed of net cage is the fry ofSinopera chuatsi with a collection of artificial propagation, is cultivated in circuit after Siniperca chuatsi initial feeding
Enter back into after 3-5d net cage carry out it is breeding graded, fry body constitution now preferably, into specification for 0.5m × 0.8m × 1.0m's
One-level cultivates raising in cage 5d；The first order is cultivated after terminating, and in the morning 6 points to 8 points are carried out minute with accordingly sieving towards several bamboo fish
Sieve, goes turn around Seedling and tail Seedling, the fry of neat specification to enter two grades of cultivation raising in cage that specification is 1.0m × 1.0m × 2.0m
5d；The second level is cultivated after terminating, and in the morning 6 points to 8 points carry out sub-sieve with accordingly sieving towards several bamboo fish, remove turn around Seedling and tail
Seedling, the fry of neat specification enters the three-level that specification is 2.0m × 2.0m × 2.5m and cultivates raising in cage 5d, and the third level cultivates knot
Shu Hou, in the morning 6 points to 8 points with accordingly towards several bamboo fish sieves sub-sieve is carried out, and goes turn around Seedling and tail Seedling, the fry of neat specification
Directly descend pool mark thick, notice that overall process all must be rapid with water operation, speed, prevent fry hypoxia death, each classifying screen
Select cycle, statistics fry quantity and total length；
(5) bait feeding
The bait feeding number of times of nurturing period is 3-4 times/day, and each feeding volume is the 5-10% of fry body weight, along
Net cage surrounding feeds, and is easy to juvenile fish to have food within the scope of the Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of oneself, and aerator, observation are closed during feeding
Fry state, is conducive to disease to observe and prevention and control, waits the water surface to also have a small amount of fry when travelling, opens aerator；
(6) water quality management
Nurturing period need to control water quality physical and chemical index, and the water temperature for keeping pond is 7.5-7.9, dissolving in 28-29 DEG C, pH value
Oxygen 8.0-8.5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen ＜ 0.1mg/L and nitrite ＜ 0.05mg/L, monitor daily net cage and the water quality in pond refers to
Mark, it is exceeded if any water quality index, new water need to be injected in pond, a quantity of exchanged water no more than full pond 1/3, it is ensured that water quality index
Safety, need conscientiously to observe net cage body situation daily, mainly see whether mesh also penetrating, if mesh has been blocked, and
When scrubbed with brush, it is ensured that with the water coke slurry in pond；Whether observation mesh has broken hole, remedies in time if needed；
(7) disease control
Generally raising in cage seed density is larger, and in this case, fish diseasess are mainly relied mainly on prevention, and refers to except monitoring water quality
Mark, observation fish body is ingested situation, and each week timing uses the micro-ecological bacterial being made up of hay spore, lichens spore, wax-like spore
Liquid carrys out regulating water quality, and the living bacteria count >=30,000,000,000/ml in the Tiny ecosystem bacterium solution, bacterium solution, using front, is in mass ratio bacterium solution
: brown sugar: peanut residue=1: 2: 4 ratio is put into amplification culture fermentation 48h in drum or cylinder, in fine day morning full pool spilling head.
Cultivated according to this method, mandarin fish fry survival rate reaches 72%, than common breeding method 20% is improve；Mandarin fish
The long coefficient of variation of body of fry is 12%, and than common breeding method 35% is have dropped.
Embodiment 2
Micropterus salmonoides offspring seed cultivation method, its step is same as Example 1.
Through cultivating, largemouth bass fry survival rate reaches 92%, than common breeding method 30% is improve；Micropterus salmonoides
The long coefficient of variation of body of Seedling is 9%, and than common breeding method 10% is have dropped.
Embodiment 3
Hybridized snakehead fish (Ophicephalus arguss ♀ × snakehead ♂) offspring seed cultivation method, its step is same as Example 1.
Through cultivating, hybridized snakehead fish fry survival rate reaches 76%, than common breeding method 22% is improve；Hybridization Channa argus
The long coefficient of variation of body of Seedling is 9%, and than common breeding method 10.3% is have dropped.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of ferociousness fish fry breeding method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) cultivate pond to require
Cultivation pond area is 2-4 mus, pond depth of water 2.5-3m, water inlet diameter 10cm, and be 0.25mm's with mesh size
Bolting silk net cloth cover is lived, and prevents harmful animal from entering, and puts flower silver carp regulating water quality in pond in a suitable place to breed, the breeding density of flower silver carp be 150 tails/
Mu, cultivate pond carries out bottom material of pond for breeding reparation at the beginning of the year, splash substrate renovation agent and plantation rye grass, cultivates first half of the month, water
The middle chicken manure or pig manure for throwing in fermentation, it is 500 pounds/acre to throw in ratio, makes to contain zooplankton in water, including rotifers 5-
7 kinds, cladocera 3-5 kinds, Copepods 3-5 kinds, cultivate 1 750KW of pond middle setting aerator, at 10 points in the fine day morning is under
At 2 points of noon, at 2 points in evening to 6 points of morning, cloudy 24h is opened, it is ensured that pond dissolved oxygen is sufficient；
(2) cultivate net cage to make
Casing selects polyethylene knotless netting, opened type, mesh size to have two kinds：60 mesh and 6 mesh, net cage has three kinds of specifications：Its
In the net cage of 60 mesh mesh have two kinds of specifications of 0.5m × 0.8m × 1.0m and 1.0m × 1.0m × 2.0m, the net cage of 6 mesh mesh has
A kind of specifications of 2.0m × 2.0m × 2.5m, it is breeding graded for carrying out one, two, three to seed；
(3) cultivate net cage to arrange
Net cage surrounding inserts four bamboo poles, and upper and lower four steel cables tie up on bamboo pole, net cage is fixed on steel cable, and net cage is arranged on
The depth of water more than 1.0m at, line-spacing is 4-5m between each net cage, is easy to inside and outside casing water body to exchange, and the last week is carried during fry cartonning will
Net cage is installed in pond, makes net cage wall with algae, to prevent fry from entering damage by friction after casing, is improved seed and is survived
Rate, net cage top is higher by more than water surface 30cm, and net cage bottom is liftoff more than 50cm, using cobblestone or fragment of brick as sinker, makes
Net cage to surrounding is freely launched, and the nurturing period cleans daily a net cage, keeps water quality in case pure and fresh；
(4) seed rearing
The breeding graded seed of net cage is the fry with a collection of artificial propagation, is entered back into after circuit cultivates 3-5d after initial feeding
Net cage carries out breeding graded, and fry body constitution now preferably, initially enters the one-level that specification is 0.5m × 0.8m × 1.0m and cultivates
Raising in cage 5d；The first order is cultivated after terminating, and in the morning 6 points to 8 points carry out sub-sieve with accordingly sieving towards several bamboo fish, go to turn around
Seedling and tail Seedling, the fry of neat specification enters two grades of cultivation raising in cage 5d that specification is 1.0m × 1.0m × 2.0m；The second level
After cultivation terminates, sub-sieve is carried out again, removes turn around Seedling and tail Seedling, the fry of neat specification enter specification be 2.0m × 2.0m ×
The three-level of 2.5m cultivates raising in cage 5d, and the third level is cultivated after terminating, and sub-sieve is carried out again, removes turn around Seedling and tail Seedling, and specification is whole
Neat fry directly descends pool mark slightly, and overall process must be operated with water, and speed is rapid, prevents fry hypoxia death, each classifying screen
Select cycle, statistics fry quantity and total length；
(5) bait feeding
The bait feeding number of times of nurturing period is 3-4 times/day, and each feeding volume is the 5-10% of fry body weight, along net cage
Surrounding feeds, and is easy to juvenile fish to have food within the scope of the Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of oneself, and aerator is closed during feeding, and observes fry
State, is conducive to disease to observe and prevention and control, waits the water surface to also have a small amount of fry when travelling, opens aerator；
(6) water quality management
Nurturing period need to control water quality physical and chemical index, and the water temperature for keeping pond is 7.5-7.9, dissolved oxygen in 28-29 DEG C, pH value
8.0-8.5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen ＜ 0.1mg/L and nitrite ＜ 0.05mg/L, monitor daily net cage and the water quality index in pond,
It is exceeded if any water quality index, new water need to be injected in pond, a quantity of exchanged water no more than full pond 1/3, it is ensured that water quality index is pacified
Entirely, need daily conscientiously to observe net cage body situation, mainly see whether mesh is also penetrating, it is timely if mesh has been blocked
Scrubbed with brush, it is ensured that with the water coke slurry in pond；Whether observation mesh has broken hole, remedies in time if needed；
(7) disease control
Generally raising in cage seed density is larger, and in this case, fish diseasess are mainly relied mainly on prevention, except monitoring water quality index,
Observation fish body is ingested situation, and timing weekly is adjusted using the Tiny ecosystem bacterium solution being made up of hay spore, lichens spore, wax-like spore
Water saving matter, the living bacteria count >=30,000,000,000/ml in the Tiny ecosystem bacterium solution, bacterium solution is in mass ratio bacterium solution: brown sugar using front:
Peanut residue=1: 2: 4 ratio is put into amplification culture fermentation 48h in drum or cylinder, in fine day morning full pool spilling head.
2. ferociousness fish fry breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The substrate renovation agent is by complexation
Iodine, flocculant, activator composition, the chelated iodine, flocculant, the mass ratio of activator are 1: 2: 3, and the flocculant is selected from shell
One or two in polysaccharide, zeolite powder, one or two in humic acid, bentonite of the activator.
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