CN102657110A - Method for ecologically breeding river crabs - Google Patents
Method for ecologically breeding river crabs Download PDFInfo
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- CN102657110A CN102657110A CN2012101126169A CN201210112616A CN102657110A CN 102657110 A CN102657110 A CN 102657110A CN 2012101126169 A CN2012101126169 A CN 2012101126169A CN 201210112616 A CN201210112616 A CN 201210112616A CN 102657110 A CN102657110 A CN 102657110A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for ecologically breeding river crabs. High-quality river crab larvae of Chinese mitten crabs belonging to the Yangtze River system and with obvious crab characteristics are selected and placed into a breeding pond with various waterweeds to breed, wherein slligator alternenthera grass and Elodea nuttallii are planted in the breeding pond; the slligator alternenthera grass accounts 50 to 60 percent of the water surface area of the breeding pond; and the Elodea nuttallii is planted in the area where the slligator alternenthera grass is not planted and is arranged according to the requirement of planting one cluster in 1 to 2 square meters. By the method for ecologically breeding the river crabs, the river crabs have pure germplasm and obvious characteristics of the Chinese mitten crabs belonging to the Yangtze River system; 200 kilos of the river crabs can be produced per mu averagely; large-scale high-quality qualified ratio can reach over 87 percent; various defects in sporadic breeding can be overcome; the breeding area can be saved by 50 percent; popularization and application of improved variety are facilitated; and the industrialization progress of the river crabs is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of river crab breeding method, belong to aquatic products culture of Chinese mitten crab technical field.
Background technology
In the prior art, the river crab breeding often is employed in the method for cultivating in the normality pond.It is impure that the river crab germplasm is educated by institute, and the Changjiang river water system Eriocheir sinensia characteristic is not obvious; Average yield per mu is low, and the large standard high quality qualification rate is also low, is unfavorable for improving the river crab industrialization process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to provide a kind of and utilize the mutually beneficial complementary relationship between crab, the grass to build breeding pond ecological environment, reach breeding, highly efficient and productive river crab ecologic breeding method for the deficiency that overcomes prior art.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of river crab ecologic breeding method, and select for use the Changjiang river water system Eriocheir sinensia evident characteristic high-quality river crab young to be positioned in the breeding pond of planting many kinds pasture and water and carry out ecological breeding.
Preferably, plantation spray sward and waterweed in the said breeding pond; Wherein the spray sward of plantation accounts for the 50-60% of the breeding pond water surface; Do not plant the zone plantation waterweed of spray sward, carry out layout by the requirement of 1-2 square metre of plantation cluster.
Preferably, the disinfection of cleaning up the pond is carried out in said breeding pond three times: the mat woven of fine bamboo strips once carries out high water level with quicklime cleans up the pond, to kill and to choke and walk to live in caves button crab in the hole; For the second time carrying out the full pond of ultralow water level with quicklime sprinkles to shine and kills pest and germ at the bottom of the pond; The mat woven of fine bamboo strips is waitd upon pasture and water for three times and is transplanted the pest of bringing into when the back adopts the tea dregs of rice to kill the transplanting pasture and water.
Preferably, utilize ecological regulator to regulate the water quality of the water in the breeding pond.
Preferably, said ecological regulator is water transfer king, running water toxolysin, the former dew of EM, the precious mixture of the foster water of control grass.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in:
1. it is comparatively pure to educate the river crab germplasm, and the Changjiang river water system Eriocheir sinensia characteristic is obvious.
2. average yield per mu is 200 kilograms, and the large standard high quality qualification rate reaches 87%.
3. be convenient to improved variety popularization and use, can overcome the various drawbacks in the fragmentary breeding and practice thrift breeding area 50%.Improve the river crab industrialization process.
Embodiment
River crab ecologic breeding method of the present invention comprises following steps:
1) preferred high-quality megalops larva
(1) adopt to introduce screening the Changjiang river water system Eriocheir sinensia characteristic obviously, specification be the parent that grows seedlings 150-200 gram/crab only, send the special messenger to carry out special pond by the breeding unit and strengthens and raise and seedling that orientation is bred and bred;
(2) adhere to standard, examination juvenile crab:
Take " four see a sampling " method to check and accept juvenile crab, that is:
A. see whether the young expires seven ages in days, whether is with a collection of seedling, and whether specification is consistent;
B. seeing young body colour is whether consistent is golden yellow, prevents that tender seedling Lao Miao is uneven;
C. see energetic a little less than, with the check young whether stalwartness and energy;
D. see the record of production, understand the medicining condition when breeding, in case use danger banning drugs thing and input;
E. the sampling counting is differentiated young quality;
2) build breeding pond ecological environment
(1) many kinds of plantation pasture and water: the one, in the breeding pond, transplant the spray sward, make the transplanting area account for the about 60%, the 2nd of the water surface, not placing the zone plantation waterweed of spray sward, carry out layout by the requirement of 1-2 square metre of plantation cluster; Through transplanting water peanut and waterweed; Both, can absorb fertile part in the water again, and make breeding Chi Shui keep pure and fresh for young crab provides abundant vegetal bait and shelling sheltered situation; And blocking through pasture and water; Reduce breeding pond water water temperature in 7～August, promote young crab normal development growth, reduced the precocity of young crab sexual gland;
(2) the breeding pond sterilization of thoroughly cleaning up the pond: for removing harmful substance, the pathogene that exists in the pond and being hidden in the button crab in the earth cave; The button crab rise catch after; The disinfection of cleaning up the pond is carried out in the pond three times: the mat woven of fine bamboo strips once carries out high water level with quicklime and cleans up the pond; To kill and to choke and walk to live in caves button crab in the hole; For the second time carry out the full pond of ultralow water level with quicklime and sprinkle to shine and kill pest and germ at the bottom of the pond, the mat woven of fine bamboo strips treats that pasture and water transplant the back and adopt the tea dregs of rice to kill the pest of bringing into when transplanting pasture and water for three times;
3) press code requirement, put juvenile crab well
Seed puts that directly affect breeding then rich owed in a suitable place to breed, specification and benefit, therefore when putting seedling, must do a good job of it following several respects work by code requirement:
1. put in a suitable place to breed the date: be generally late April to mid-May, must not surpass May 25 at the latest;
2. put the seedling time: general at 6:00-9:00 in the morning of fine day;
3. pay attention to the seed shipping mass: young transportation optimum temperature is 15-20 degree, and density can not be excessive in the case, and it is moistening that the seedling case should keep, and is strictly on guard against ponding again; Temperature is higher than 20 degree when above, and the seedling case will be taked cooling measure, makes seedling be in low-temperature condition in transit, for prevent wind, Exposure to Sunlight, drench with rain, temperature is too high, dry, dehydration, air-conditioned coach is preferably adopted in transportation, transport evening;
4. do a good job of it three times " water " and put the seedling method: juvenile crab is put into Chi Zhongshi, must carry out three times " water " and handle and the multiple spot input, to guarantee evenly distribution in weed survival rate and the pond;
5. seedling density is put in control, decide according to breeding pond property, young quality and plan yield, and a general mu of stocking rate is controlled at the 1-1.5 kilogram, and must guard against a breeding pond and repeatedly put seedling;
4) strengthen feeding and management
(1) support control bait is formed and daily ration, feeding quantity
In crab kind cultivating process, should strengthen nutrition, promote growth, prevent sex premature again, for this reason,, do a good job of it following measure according to young, different developmental stage and the growing environments of young crab:
Breeding early stage, water temperature is suitable, is main with pond life property bait, and the adapted imported fish meal is processed protein content and reached 42% manufactured feed;
Breeding mid-term on the occasion of high temperature season, is main with vegetal bait, uses vegetable proteins such as dregs of beans to process the pellet of protein content about as 32-38%;
In the breeding later stage, water temperature descends, and for promoting crab kind specification and quality, adopts animal protein and vegetable protein to lay equal stress on, and processes the pellet of protein content about 32-42%;
(2) dark pond breeding
The crab kind is cultivated pool area and generally with about 5 mu, is advisable, and it is big that the pond gradient is wanted, and smooth at the bottom of the pond, the pond degree of depth is at 1.5-2 rice, and peak level can remain on about 1.5 meters, adopts dark pond to cultivate the crab kind, and its advantage is: the one, and water capacity is big, and water quality is difficult for sudden change; The 2nd, pasture and water vertical distribution area is big, and young crab is prone to select best water layer perch growth, and things concealed is many, when shell, is difficult for killing each other; The 3rd, effective accumulated temperature is low, lacks than the crab kind of sharrow pool and sloughs off shell one time, and the precocious rate of sexual gland is low; The 4th, the growth of protection and prolongation waterweed;
(3) conscientiously carry out regulating and controlling water quality
According to growth, weather condition and the change of water quality of the young, in time adjusting pond water water level and water quality is the key of good quality and high output breeding, should do a good job of it following measure:
① fertilizer xiatangji: Crab xiatangji 10 days before the new water filling 20 cm, 2-3 kg superphosphate per acre and 150-250 kg of organic fertilizer, the water was adjusted to brown or yellow-green, in order to cultivate plenty of water Daphnia and other plankton; crab stocking, water level control in the 50-60 cm;
2. young crab effective accumulated temperature is controlled in reducing temperature of heatstroke prevention; In season in midsummer, Jiang Chishui adds to the pond peak level, makes the pasture and water coverage rate remain on about 70% of the pond gross area simultaneously, controls young crab effective accumulated temperature to prevent violent liter of water temperature;
3. prevent pond subsurface layer anoxic, general every first quarter moon changes water once; New water of filling and start oxygenation in time when high temperature season adds water and carries out when water temperature is low in the morning; Start oxygenation generally changes according to water quality on-line parameter, climate, carries out oxygenation at the bottom of the micro-pore aeration, and pond water dissolved oxygen is remained at more than the 5mg/L;
4. carry out the water quality supervision: through on-line monitoring data and daily observation; Splashed in every month lime water 1 time; And according to the pond water quality situation make good use of water transfer king, running water toxolysin, the former dew of EM, the control grass is supported water quality ecological regulators such as water treasured; Conscientiously carry out disease control work, adopt the fishing medicine prevention of country's permission and kill the relevant damage by disease and insect of the young, and the safety of strict control input; The former dew of EM is also claimed EM stoste, EM bacterium, and EM is the abbreviation language of English Effective Microorganisms; Chinese is translated into: CEM, and it is that Japanese Ryukyu university is than good NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE microbial bacterial agent according to professor's husband invention, as long as use appropriate; It will combine rapidly with the optimum strength of place of arrival; Produce polyphenoils, eliminate oxidation material, eliminate corrupt; Suppress pathogen, form good ecotope and have improving the soil, strengthen photosynthesis, improve water quality, deodorizing excrement, growth promotion, disease-resistant, improve livestock and poultry quality, effect such as antibacterial;
5) conscientiously carry out daily management mission
(1) daily management mission:
1. adhere to patrolling pool work: adhere to every day sooner or later patrolling the pool, examine that young crab ingests, activity, shelling, change of water quality etc., note abnormalities, in time take measures;
2. running check young growing state is in time aligned control measures;
3. anti-harmful animal invasion and attack: around cultivating the pond, seizure mouse frog apparatus is set, prevents the young crabs of predation such as mouse, frog, toad;
4. carry out that young crab is anti-to escape work: raining when adding water is the active period of young crab, must carry out the Inlet and outlet water place, cultivate the rises, pond and around anti-ly escape work, behind the strong wind heavy rain, the anti-facility of escaping is reinforced in inspection in time;
5. do a good job of it disease control and pond environment sanitary work;
6. in time remove little green crab, after late autumn, adopt various measures, the precocious little green crab of cultivating in the pond is disposed;
(2) overwinter management work:
1. do a good job of it the bait feeding of seedling before surviving the winter, for guarantee seedling have enough energy pass the winter with the winter after normal growth, before banking up pasture and water the Beginning of Winter, take the high bait of protein content of throwing something and feeding;
2. after the Beginning of Winter, water temperature is reduced to about 10 ℃, with the concentrated pier of piling up into of spray sward, will run at the bottom of the pond below requiring behind the spray sward fallen leaves, above can not be dried up too high, and young crab is got in the haystack survive the winter;
3. deep water rich water is survived the winter, and pond water water level is added to 1.2-1.5 rice, uses fertilizer rich water;
6) young crab rises and catches
In November the middle ten days and the last ten days, young crab stops to ingest, and the spray sward is set to pier with water peanut haystack in the pond after frost is hit leaf down; Young crab gets in the haystack and survives the winter in the pond, will net sheet when catching from the following picking-up of careless pier pasture and water as long as rise, and pasture and water are pulled out, and young crab is just in net; Adopt this method, can rise for the first time and catch about 70% of young crab in the pond; For the second time also can catch 15-25%; Behind the secondary, adopt dried pool land used cage net in the pond, to block again and connect, can the young crab in the pond all be caught through this way.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in:
1. it is comparatively pure to educate the river crab germplasm, and the Changjiang river water system Eriocheir sinensia characteristic is obvious.
2. average yield per mu is 200 kilograms, and the large standard high quality qualification rate reaches 87%.
3. be convenient to improved variety popularization and use, can overcome the various drawbacks in the fragmentary breeding and practice thrift breeding area 50%.Improve the river crab industrialization process.
The foregoing description only is explanation technical conceive of the present invention and characteristics; Its purpose is to let the personage that is familiar with this technology can understand content of the present invention and implements; Can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this; All equivalences that spirit is done according to the present invention change or modify, and all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the river crab ecologic breeding method is characterized in that: select for use the Changjiang river water system Eriocheir sinensia evident characteristic high-quality river crab young to be positioned in the breeding pond of planting many kinds pasture and water and carry out ecological breeding.
2. river crab ecologic breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: plantation spray sward and waterweed in the said breeding pond; Wherein the spray sward of plantation accounts for the 50-60% of the breeding pond water surface; Do not plant the zone plantation waterweed of spray sward, carry out layout by the requirement of 1-2 square metre of plantation cluster.
3. river crab ecologic breeding method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: the disinfection of cleaning up the pond is carried out in said breeding pond three times: the mat woven of fine bamboo strips once carries out high water level with quicklime cleans up the pond, to kill and to choke and walk to live in caves button crab in the hole; For the second time carrying out the full pond of ultralow water level with quicklime sprinkles to shine and kills pest and germ at the bottom of the pond; The mat woven of fine bamboo strips is treated for three times to adopt the tea dregs of rice to kill the pest of bringing into when transplanting pasture and water after pasture and water are transplanted.
4. river crab ecologic breeding method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: utilize ecological regulator to regulate the water quality of the water in the breeding pond.
5. river crab ecologic breeding method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: said ecological regulator is water transfer king, running water toxolysin, the former dew of EM, the precious mixture of the foster water of control grass.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101126169A CN102657110A (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2012-04-18 | Method for ecologically breeding river crabs |
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| CN2012101126169A CN102657110A (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2012-04-18 | Method for ecologically breeding river crabs |
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| CN102657110A true CN102657110A (en) | 2012-09-12 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103098729A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-15 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method of controlling big-standard female crab egg carrying amount of Chinese mitten crab |
| CN103314902A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-25 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | Efficient breeding method for river crabs in pollution-free pond |
| CN103380752A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-11-06 | 句容市苏苑稻米专业合作社 | River crab ecological breeding model |
| CN104255585A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2015-01-07 | 安徽绿源渔业科技有限公司 | Method for putting juvenile Chinese mitten crabs into pond after three times of dampening |
| CN104273063A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-14 | 湖北省水产技术推广中心 | Pond crab strengthened breeding method |
| CN114128655A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-04 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method for cultivating eriocheir sinensis juvenile crabs by using yellow croaker |
-
2012
- 2012-04-18 CN CN2012101126169A patent/CN102657110A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 朱惠岐等: "中华绒螯蟹扣蟹池塘生态养殖技术 ", 《上海农业科技》 * |
| 朱惠岐等: "中华绒螯蟹扣蟹池塘生态养殖技术", 《上海农业科技》, no. 06, 5 December 2008 (2008-12-05) * |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103098729A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-15 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method of controlling big-standard female crab egg carrying amount of Chinese mitten crab |
| CN103314902A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-25 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | Efficient breeding method for river crabs in pollution-free pond |
| CN103314902B (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2015-10-28 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | The nuisanceless pond breeding method of a kind of river crab |
| CN103380752A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-11-06 | 句容市苏苑稻米专业合作社 | River crab ecological breeding model |
| CN104255585A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2015-01-07 | 安徽绿源渔业科技有限公司 | Method for putting juvenile Chinese mitten crabs into pond after three times of dampening |
| CN104273063A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-14 | 湖北省水产技术推广中心 | Pond crab strengthened breeding method |
| CN104273063B (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2017-01-18 | 湖北省水产技术推广中心 | Pond crab strengthened breeding method |
| CN114128655A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-04 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method for cultivating eriocheir sinensis juvenile crabs by using yellow croaker |
| CN114128655B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-09-12 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method for cultivating eriocheir sinensis button crabs by using yellow croaker |
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Application publication date: 20120912 |