CN103931554B - The cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle - Google Patents
The cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, particularly a kind of cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle, comprise the following steps: select sharrow pool or river bend or low-lying paddy field as turtle culture pond; Arrange in the surrounding of culturing pool and prevent escaping enclosure wall, culturing pool is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and water inlet is higher than the water surface, and discharge outlet is lower than at the bottom of the pool, and water inlet and discharge outlet are arranged respectively prevents escaping net; Culturing pool arranges feed table and flat roof, and the top of feed table is provided with sunshade; In culturing pool, plant Mineral elements, the cultivated area of Mineral elements is the 1/2-3/4 of culturing pool; Will the soft-shelled turtle of childhood sterilize after put in a suitable place to breed in culturing pool, water temperature is raised to more than 20 DEG C, cultivates soft-shelled turtle timing bait of throwing something and feeding.The cultural method of a kind of ecological soft-shelled turtle that the embodiment of the present invention provides, soft-shelled turtle and Mineral elements are supported altogether in a culturing pool, save space; The body colour of the soft-shelled turtle obtained is pitch-black especially shinny, and meat is more solid, and quality is significantly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, in particular to a kind of cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle.
Background technology
At present, the cultivation of soft-shelled turtle generally adopts and cultivates separately in greenhouse or culturing pool, but the breeding way of this soft-shelled turtle, reasonably can not utilize land resources, and cultivation density is comparatively large, and cultivation soft-shelled turtle meat is out soft, and color and luster is brightless, and growth cycle is longer.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle, to solve the above problems.
Provide a kind of cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle in an embodiment of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
Select sharrow pool or river bend or low-lying paddy field as turtle culture pond;
Arrange in the surrounding of described culturing pool and prevent escaping enclosure wall, described culturing pool is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and described water inlet is higher than the water surface, and described discharge outlet is lower than at the bottom of the pool, and described water inlet and described discharge outlet are arranged respectively prevents escaping net;
Described culturing pool arranges feed table and flat roof, and the top of described feed table is provided with sunshade;
In described culturing pool, plant Mineral elements, the cultivated area of described Mineral elements is the 1/2-3/4 of described culturing pool;
Will the soft-shelled turtle of childhood sterilize after put in a suitable place to breed in described culturing pool, water temperature is raised to more than 20 DEG C, cultivates described soft-shelled turtle bait of throwing something and feeding.
Preferably, the described culturing pool depth of water in dry season is not less than 10cm, and flood season, the depth of water was no more than 150cm; The mud pH of pond bottom is 5.6-7.5, and salt content is less than 0.2%, and the mud degree of depth reaches 20cm-40cm, and organic content reaches more than 1.5%.
Preferably, described feed table is set up by the cement pre-fabricated panel of long 1-3m, wide 0.4-0.6m, and described feed table is skewed, and one end is submerged in 10-15cm under water, and the other end surfaces.
Preferably, described soft-shelled turtle is any one in Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Taiwan soft-shelled turtle and Japanese soft-shelled turtle.
Preferably, described Mineral elements adopt broadcast sowing, one or more in drilling and seedling raising and transplanting.
Preferably, the single only heavy 150-250g of soft-shelled turtle of described childhood, only puts 280-320 in a suitable place to breed for every mu.
Preferably, described sterilization is soak 15-25 second with the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 15-25mg/L, or mass percent is the saline solution dipping bath 10-15 second of 3%-5%, or concentration is that the povidone iodine of 25-35mg/L carries out dipping bath 10-15 second, and in described povidone iodine, effective amount of iodine is 1%.
Preferably, described soft-shelled turtle timing bait of throwing something and feeding is specially:
Described bait of throwing something and feeding is thrown and is placed on feed table close to water surface place, described in bait of throwing something and feeding comprise soft-shelled turtle feed and fresh and alive feed, the day feeding volume of described soft-shelled turtle feed is the 2.5-4% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight; The day feeding volume of described fresh and alive feed is the 5-10% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight, and feeding volume to be eaten up in latter 2 hours to throw something and feed at every turn and is as the criterion;
Every two weeks adds a vitamin C and a vitamin E respectively in described soft-shelled turtle feed, and described ascorbic addition is 0.25% of described soft-shelled turtle feed weight, and the addition of described vitamin E is 0.025% of described soft-shelled turtle feed weight.
Preferably, described flat roof in the following ways in any one or more:
A (), in the described cultivation pool side water surface joint of area without shade, makes with described culturing pool isometric with fragment of brick or cement plate, the strip slope of wide 0.8-1.2m;
B () is 2-3m by length, the wide bamboo clappers for 1-2m or polyethylene board are inclined in the water surface of described cultivation pool side;
C () makes canopy formula arch flat roof with timber or bamboo wood, be fixed on the water surface.
Preferably, described culturing pool is 5-10 mu.
The cultural method of a kind of ecological soft-shelled turtle that the embodiment of the present invention provides, soft-shelled turtle and Mineral elements are supported altogether in a culturing pool, save space; Body colour and the environment of soft-shelled turtle have close ties, and on the one hand, the branches and leaves of Mineral elements cover part sunlight, make water body dark; On the other hand, sink at the bottom of culturing pool after Mineral elements seedling rots, make mud at the bottom of pond pitch-black, these two aspects effect makes the body colour of soft-shelled turtle pitch-black especially shinny.In addition, Mineral elements can also reduce water temperature, although soft-shelled turtle growth rate decreased more in the past, meat was more solid, and quality is significantly improved.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Provide the cultural method of a kind of water chestnut soft-shelled turtle in the embodiment of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
Select sharrow pool or river bend or low-lying paddy field as turtle culture pond;
Arrange in the surrounding of described culturing pool and prevent escaping enclosure wall, described culturing pool is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and described water inlet is higher than the water surface, and described discharge outlet is lower than at the bottom of the pool, and described water inlet and described discharge outlet are arranged respectively prevents escaping net;
Described culturing pool arranges feed table and flat roof, and the top of described feed table is provided with sunshade;
In described culturing pool, plant Mineral elements, the cultivated area of described Mineral elements is the 1/2-3/4 of described culturing pool;
Will the soft-shelled turtle of childhood sterilize after put in a suitable place to breed in described culturing pool, water temperature is raised to more than 20 DEG C, cultivates described soft-shelled turtle bait of throwing something and feeding.
The cultural method of a kind of ecological soft-shelled turtle that the embodiment of the present invention provides, soft-shelled turtle and Mineral elements are supported altogether in a culturing pool, and body colour and the environment of soft-shelled turtle have close ties, and on the one hand, the branches and leaves of Mineral elements cover part sunlight, make water body dark; On the other hand, sink at the bottom of culturing pool after Mineral elements seedling rots, make mud at the bottom of pond pitch-black, these two aspects effect makes the body colour of soft-shelled turtle pitch-black especially shinny.In addition, Mineral elements can reduce water temperature, although soft-shelled turtle growth rate decreased more in the past, meat was more solid, and quality is significantly improved.
Culturing pool surrounding is set up and is prevented escaping facility, as material made by available asbestos shingle or aluminium sheet, asbestos shingle or aluminium sheet is entered mud about 8cm, surrounds the high enclosure wall of 50-70cm in pond surrounding; In the import department of culturing pool, firmly wire netting is installed, in case soft-shelled turtle runs away; Culturing pool to establish into discharge outlet each 1, and sets up defences and escape net, and water inlet is a little more than the water surface, and discharge outlet is lower than at the bottom of the pool.
Preferably, the described culturing pool depth of water in dry season is not less than 10cm, and flood season, the depth of water was no more than 150cm; The mud pH of pond bottom is 5.6-7.5, and salt content is less than 0.2%, and the mud degree of depth reaches 20cm-40cm, and organic content reaches more than 1.5%, and the fluctuation of the culturing pool water surface is mild, is easy to the growing environment maintaining soft-shelled turtle and Mineral elements like this.
Preferably, described feed table is set up by the cement pre-fabricated panel of long 1-3m, wide 0.4-0.6m, and described feed table is skewed, and one end is submerged in 10-15cm under water, and the other end surfaces.
Preferably, described flat roof in the following ways in any one or more:
A (), in the described cultivation pool side water surface joint of area without shade, makes with described culturing pool isometric with fragment of brick or cement plate, the strip slope of wide 0.8-1.2m;
B () is 2-3m by length, the wide bamboo clappers for 1-2m or polyethylene board are inclined in the water surface of described cultivation pool side;
C () makes canopy formula arch flat roof with timber or bamboo wood, be fixed on the water surface.
Soft-shelled turtle often lay prone and got sun (be commonly called as and shine the back of the body) on the bank faced south right up and down daytime, utilizing the ultraviolet in sunlight to kill the pathogenic bacteria of body surface, promote the healing of injured body surface, improving body temperature by shining the back of the body, promote food digestion, namely flat roof is for soft-shelled turtle provides the place of shining the back of the body.
Preferably, described soft-shelled turtle is any one in Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Taiwan soft-shelled turtle and Japanese soft-shelled turtle.
Mineral elements seed selection should select to have Mineral elements variety characteristic, fruit large, enrich full, fruit shape is rectified, anosis worm and the Mineral elements kind water chestnut of abundant maturation.Preferably, described Mineral elements adopt broadcast sowing, one or more in drilling and seedling raising and transplanting.
When the Mineral elements sowing time generally selects that daily mean temperature is stable to be gone back up to more than 8 DEG C, the time should at late March to early April.
The foreign material such as moss in water, weeds and wild water chestnut are removed before sowing.Take out water chestnut kind, reject decayed fruit, put moisturizing in clear water, type of seeding is for broadcasting sowing or drilling.Broadcast sowing sowing quantity, every mu is 20-25kg; Broadcast sowing is evenly be sprinkled into the water surface by regulation sowing quantity; Drilling sowing quantity, every mu is 15-20kg; Drilling is by water surface landform, is divided into the stringer that line-spacing is 2-2.5m; And bamboo pole mark is inserted at the two ends of being expert at; Every 1m is sown into 5-6 kind water chestnut.
Seedling raising and transplanting: choose leeward on the sunny side, the pond of water level 10-20cm, fertile soil is as nursery pond.Nursery sowing quantity, every mu of seedbed is 80-100kg; Kind of a water chestnut is put into wooden barrel kind of a water chestnut is put into wooden barrel to be incubated vernalization, as long about the 1cm of bud, take out seeding and seedling raising.Evenly broadcast 1 by 10-15cm seeding row spacing, transplant when broadcasting latter about 50 days water chestnut seedling 3 leaf 1 hearts, transplant and press the cultivation of 1.5-2.0m seeding row spacing cave, 3, every cave seedling.
The field management of Mineral elements
(1), when the main water chestnut dish that topdresses is formed and to occur point dish, every mu imposes urea about 10kg.Fertilizer is mixed with river silt, makes fertile walk, point to fill under water in mud, with Anti-lost.After plant blossom, with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution foliage-spray, spray selection of time water chestnut leaf blade face dew dry after, the preferably calm dusk.1 time is sprayed, 2-3 time altogether every 10-15 days.
(2) water level should keep the water layer of 10-30cm after regulating field planting, along with plant growth water layer is deepened gradually, weekly no more than 10cm, is deep to 80-150cm for degree.And to entering autumn, weather turns cool gradually, and water level lands gradually.
(3), before weeding field planting, should weed a garden in time and assorted water chestnut in conjunction with the cleaning water chestnut pool; To Feng Hangqian after field planting, pleasant work removing weeds.
(4) arranged water chestnut dish before late July, high temperature season arrived, lower water arranges water chestnut dish.Cut off in time and just gone out the water surface, diameter at the little water chestnut dish of below 20cm, note not injuring the large water chestnut dish entering flowering stage, and the water chestnut dish of being thrown by wind or animal, scraping random is made in order set right, guarantee to yield positive results smoothly.
(5) oxygenation hot weather of pouring water in sooner or later pouring into new water, should suitably stir water chestnut dish, to increase dissolved oxygen.
The extermination of disease and insect pest of Mineral elements
(1) the chrysomelid larva of insect pest water chestnut firefly and adult all gnaw mesophyll, cause harm in groups, cause Severe Reduction even to have no harvest.The purple leafhopper larva of water chestnut and adult are all caused harm cauline leaf, can cause Severe Reduction.Two kinds of insect pests can prevent and treat with 40.7% chlopyrifos 800-1000 times liquid or 5% Frontline, 1500 times of liquid at larva 1-2 the length of time.Aphid can prevent and treat with 10% Imidacloprid 1000-2000 times liquid or 1.8% Avermectin 3000-5000 times of liquid.
(2) disease water chestnut southern blight belongs to fungal disease, how autumn in summer unhappy heat, high humidity time occur and spread, main harm blade.Water chestnut brown spot belongs to fungal disease, and summer and autumn all can fall ill, and causes water chestnut leaf cast.Two kinds of diseases can be prevented and treated at the initial stage of a disease with 50% carbendazim 500-1000 times liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-1200 times liquid.
Gathering of Mineral elements
(1) raw water chestnut fruit tentatively hardens, fruit epidermis still keep light green, sepal comes off, with nail pinch carve pericarp still can slightly be absorbed in, discharge water middle floating.Generally establishment officer can pluck when 3-4 in morning, accomplish during harvesting gently to carry, gently pluck, put down gently, prevent from hurting water chestnut stem.Adopt rear timely flushing, note fresh-keeping, prevent high temperature to be exposed to the sun.
(2) ripe water chestnut fruit fully hardens, and pericarp is yellow green, and the junction of fruit and carpopodium occurs circumferential crack, and the two is very easily separated, and discharge water middle sinking.
The results of Mineral elements select pluck (generally when gathering for the 3-5 time) mid-term, have the feature of Mineral elements kind, and fruit is fully ripe, can sink under water rapidly through wet concentration, fruit is large, enriches full, fruit shape is rectified, without obvious sick insect bite evil as planting water chestnut.Plant water chestnut and with mesh bag storage in water, safe overwintering should be ensured.
Select without sick and wounded, nothing deformity, great-hearted young soft-shelled turtle, the age is identical, is not with communicable disease.Children soft-shelled turtle specification is consistent.Go out to purchase soft-shelled turtle seedling, with plastic crate, wooden basket or cardboard box with holes, spread the wet grass of the thick wet fine sand of 1-2cm or softness, wet cloth etc. at basket (case) end and load and transport.Generally at the bottom of annual February, put soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed to April, every mu of culturing pool only puts the soft-shelled turtle seedling 280-320 of single only heavy 150-250g in a suitable place to breed; Put in a suitable place to breed and select to carry out the morning at fine day, when putting in a suitable place to breed, case or basket that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put into water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water.Preferably, the single only heavy 150-250g of the soft-shelled turtle of described childhood, only puts 280-320 in a suitable place to breed for every mu, can keep Mineral elements and soft-shelled turtle symbiosis good.
The soft-shelled turtle raised to prevent from putting into culturing pool carries other cause of disease materials, first carries out disinfection to soft-shelled turtle.Preferably, described sterilization is soak 15-25 second with the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 15-25mg/L, or mass percent is the saline solution dipping bath 10-15 second of 3%-5%, or concentration is that the povidone iodine of 25-35mg/L carries out dipping bath 10-15 second, and in described povidone iodine, effective amount of iodine is 1%.As: the liquor potassic permanganate of 15mg/L or 20mg/L or 25mg/L can be adopted to soak 15-25 second, can adopt mass percent be 3% or 4% or 5% saline solution dipping bath 10-15 second, also concentration can be adopted to be that the povidone iodine of 25mg/L or 30mg/L or 35mg/L carries out dipping bath 10-15 second, and in described povidone iodine, effective amount of iodine is 1%.In addition, strong poison is adopted spring only to carry out 1-2 sterilization to water body, to prevent and treat the diseases such as soft-shelled turtle perforation, red neck disease, red abdominal shell, carapace be rotten.Method and dosage: when selecting fine day 9-10 in the morning, by the dosage of every cubic metre of water body 0.2-0.4g, water is splashed.
Be raised to more than 20 DEG C in water temperature and start bait of throwing something and feeding, bait of regularly throwing something and feeding is placed on feed table close to water surface place, and water temperature is different, to throw something and feed number of times difference, such as, high temperature season (as summer) can early 9 time throw something and feed once, throw something and feed when afternoon 5 once, every day, same time repeated to throw something and feed; Then throw something and feed every day once, as the 12 noon of every day after autumn.Bait of throwing something and feeding comprises soft-shelled turtle feed and fresh and alive feed, and the day feeding volume of described soft-shelled turtle feed is the 2.5-4% of soft-shelled turtle body weight; The day feeding volume of described fresh and alive feed is the 5-10% of soft-shelled turtle body weight, and feeding volume to be eaten up in latter 2 hours to throw something and feed at every turn and is as the criterion.Soft-shelled turtle feed is the common feed of raising for soft-shelled turtle that market is sold; Fresh and alive feed comprises live fish, chilled fish, pluck, spiral shell freshwater mussel etc.Feeding volume number should according to the picked-up food intensity adjustment of climate condition and soft-shelled turtle, the amount of throwing should control to eat up in 2 hours.Every two weeks adds a vitamin C and a vitamin E respectively in soft-shelled turtle feed, and ascorbic addition is 0.25%, and the addition of vitamin E is 0.025%, adds vitamin C and vitamin E, mainly increases the resistance against diseases of soft-shelled turtle.Morbidity season, regularly adds Chinese herbal medicine diseases prevention in soft-shelled turtle feed, as every kilogram of soft-shelled turtle feed adds 2-3g tri-bloom; In addition, carry out water body full pool spilling head chlorine-containing agent with sterilizing prevent disease simultaneously.In addition, a certain amount of antimicrobial of throwing something and feeding when soft-shelled turtle starts to cultivate, to increase its resistance; Megathermal period is then based on refreshing and detoxicating of throwing something and feeding, the Chinese herbal medicine protecting the liver, protect liver; Stage reduces medication to ensure soft-shelled turtle noresidue, edible safety as far as possible.
Note the situation of the water quality in culturing pool, to prevent the harm to soft-shelled turtle.As too thin in worked as water quality, occur a lot of emerald Powdered suspension in water body, this is dead blue-green algae corpse, can produce noxious material, very harmful to soft-shelled turtle.Therefore, preferably, the water body in described culturing pool cultivated water quality once every 20 days with biologic product, as EM bacterium biologic product, specifically used by the description of product.
For the ease of management, preferably, described culturing pool is 5-10 mu.
Inspection to be noted in breeding process, carry out work such as patrolling field, water quality adjustment, the record of production, growth rate mensuration.Adhere to that early, middle and late pond of patrolling checks, throw inspection before raising every day and prevent escaping facility; Grasp soft-shelled turtle food situation, adjust daily ration, feeding quantity with this; Observing the active situation of soft-shelled turtle, should process in time as noted abnormalities; Duty is cut weeds, harmful animal, dirt; The remaining bait of timely removing and material, cleaning bait table; Check water colour, measure water temperature, hear and have free from extraneous odour, carry out and patrol field daily record.At high-temperature high humidity season, water quality be kept fresh, at the bottom of control field, organic substance decomposing face produces the noxious material such as biogas and sulphide.Change water in good time, keep water level relatively stable.
Soft-shelled turtle weight reaches more than 1000g can start harvesting listing, and soft-shelled turtle grows to more than 1000g from 150-250g, needs the time of 1-2.Soft-shelled turtle cultivates always in culturing pool, and Mineral elements is by carrying out normal season sowing.
Embodiment 1
Select 5 mu of sharrow pools as turtle culture pond, the culturing pool depth of water in dry season is not less than 10cm, and flood season, the depth of water was no more than 150cm; The mud pH of pond bottom is 5.6-7.5, and salt content is less than 0.2%, and the mud degree of depth reaches 20cm-40cm, and organic content reaches more than 1.5%;
Arrange in the surrounding of culturing pool and prevent escaping enclosure wall, culturing pool is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and water inlet is higher than the water surface, and discharge outlet is lower than at the bottom of the pool, and water inlet and discharge outlet are arranged respectively prevents escaping net;
Culturing pool arranges feed table and flat roof, and feed table is set up by the cement pre-fabricated panel of long 1-3m, wide 0.4-0.6m, and feed table is skewed, and one end is submerged in 10-15cm under water, and the other end surfaces, and the top of feed table is provided with sunshade;
In the described cultivation pool side water surface joint of area without shade, make with described culturing pool isometric with fragment of brick or cement plate, the strip slope of wide 0.8-1.2m is as flat roof;
Adopt in culturing pool and broadcast sowing plantation Mineral elements, the cultivated area of Mineral elements is 1/2 of culturing pool;
Adopted by the Chinese soft-shelled turtle of childhood concentration to be that the liquor potassic permanganate of 20mg/L soaks after 15-25 sterilize second and puts in a suitable place to breed in culturing pool, the single only heavy 150-250g of China soft-shelled turtle childhood, puts 280-320 in a suitable place to breed for every mu;
Water temperature is raised to more than 20 DEG C, Chinese soft-shelled turtle timing bait of throwing something and feeding is cultivated, soft-shelled turtle bait of throwing something and feeding is specially: bait of throwing something and feeding is thrown and is placed on feed table close to water surface place, and bait of throwing something and feeding comprises soft-shelled turtle feed and fresh and alive feed, and the day feeding volume of soft-shelled turtle feed is the 2.5-4% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight; The day feeding volume of fresh and alive feed is the 5-10% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight, and feeding volume to be eaten up in latter 2 hours to throw something and feed at every turn and is as the criterion; Every two weeks adds a vitamin C and a vitamin E respectively in soft-shelled turtle feed, and ascorbic addition is 0.25% of soft-shelled turtle feed weight, and the addition of vitamin E is 0.025% of soft-shelled turtle feed weight;
Morbidity season, regularly adds Chinese herbal medicine diseases prevention in soft-shelled turtle feed, as every kilogram of soft-shelled turtle feed adds 2-3g tri-bloom; In addition, carry out water body full pool spilling head chlorine-containing agent with sterilizing prevent disease simultaneously.In addition, a certain amount of antimicrobial of throwing something and feeding when soft-shelled turtle starts to cultivate, to increase its resistance; Megathermal period is then based on refreshing and detoxicating of throwing something and feeding, the Chinese herbal medicine protecting the liver, protect liver; Stage reduces medication to ensure soft-shelled turtle noresidue, edible safety as far as possible.
Note the situation of the water quality in culturing pool, to prevent the harm to soft-shelled turtle, the water body in culturing pool cultivated water quality once every 20 days with biologic product; Soft-shelled turtle weight reaches more than 1000g can start harvesting listing;
In a word, inspection to be noted in breeding process, carry out work such as patrolling field, water quality adjustment, the record of production, growth rate mensuration.Adhere to that early, middle and late pond of patrolling checks, throw inspection before raising every day and prevent escaping facility; Grasp soft-shelled turtle food situation, adjust daily ration, feeding quantity with this; Observing the active situation of soft-shelled turtle, should process in time as noted abnormalities; Duty is cut weeds, harmful animal, dirt; The remaining bait of timely removing and material, cleaning bait table; Check water colour, measure water temperature, hear and have free from extraneous odour, carry out and patrol field daily record.At high-temperature high humidity season, water quality be kept fresh, at the bottom of control field, organic substance decomposing face produces the noxious material such as biogas and sulphide.Change water in good time, keep water level relatively stable.
Embodiment 2
Select 8 mu of river bends as turtle culture pond, the culturing pool depth of water in dry season is not less than 10cm, and flood season, the depth of water was no more than 150cm; The mud pH of pond bottom is 5.6-7.5, and salt content is less than 0.2%, and the mud degree of depth reaches 20cm-40cm, and organic content reaches more than 1.5%;
Arrange in the surrounding of culturing pool and prevent escaping enclosure wall, culturing pool is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and water inlet is higher than the water surface, and discharge outlet is lower than at the bottom of the pool, and water inlet and discharge outlet are arranged respectively prevents escaping net;
Culturing pool arranges feed table and flat roof, and feed table is set up by the cement pre-fabricated panel of long 1-3m, wide 0.4-0.6m, and feed table is skewed, and one end is submerged in 10-15cm under water, and the other end surfaces, and the top of feed table is provided with sunshade; Be 2-3m by length, the wide bamboo clappers for 1-2m or polyethylene board are inclined in the water surface of described cultivation pool side as flat roof;
In culturing pool, adopt strip sowing planting Mineral elements, the cultivated area of Mineral elements is 2/3 of culturing pool;
The Taiwan soft-shelled turtle of childhood is adopted mass percent be 3% saline solution dipping bath 10-15 sterilize second after put in a suitable place to breed in culturing pool, the single only heavy 150-250g of Taiwan soft-shelled turtle childhood, puts 280-320 in a suitable place to breed for every mu;
Water temperature is raised to more than 20 DEG C, cultivates soft-shelled turtle timing bait of throwing something and feeding, and soft-shelled turtle bait of throwing something and feeding is specially:
Bait of throwing something and feeding is thrown and is placed on feed table close to water surface place, and bait of throwing something and feeding comprises soft-shelled turtle feed and fresh and alive feed, and the day feeding volume of soft-shelled turtle feed is the 2.5-4% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight; The day feeding volume of fresh and alive feed is the 5-10% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight, and feeding volume to be eaten up in latter 2 hours to throw something and feed at every turn and is as the criterion; Every two weeks adds a vitamin C and a vitamin E respectively in soft-shelled turtle feed, and ascorbic addition is 0.25% of soft-shelled turtle feed weight, and the addition of vitamin E is 0.025% of soft-shelled turtle feed weight.
Morbidity season, regularly adds Chinese herbal medicine diseases prevention in soft-shelled turtle feed, as every kilogram of soft-shelled turtle feed adds 2-3g tri-bloom; In addition, carry out water body full pool spilling head chlorine-containing agent with sterilizing prevent disease simultaneously; In addition, a certain amount of antimicrobial of throwing something and feeding when soft-shelled turtle starts to cultivate, to increase its resistance; Megathermal period is then based on refreshing and detoxicating of throwing something and feeding, the Chinese herbal medicine protecting the liver, protect liver; Stage reduces medication to ensure soft-shelled turtle noresidue, edible safety as far as possible.
Note the situation of the water quality in culturing pool, to prevent the harm to soft-shelled turtle, the water body in culturing pool cultivated water quality once every 20 days with biologic product; Soft-shelled turtle weight reaches more than 1000g can start harvesting listing;
In a word, inspection to be noted in breeding process, carry out work such as patrolling field, water quality adjustment, the record of production, growth rate mensuration.Adhere to that early, middle and late pond of patrolling checks, throw inspection before raising every day and prevent escaping facility; Grasp soft-shelled turtle food situation, adjust daily ration, feeding quantity with this; Observing the active situation of soft-shelled turtle, should process in time as noted abnormalities; Duty is cut weeds, harmful animal, dirt; The remaining bait of timely removing and material, cleaning bait table; Check water colour, measure water temperature, hear and have free from extraneous odour, carry out and patrol field daily record.At high-temperature high humidity season, water quality be kept fresh, at the bottom of control field, organic substance decomposing face produces the noxious material such as biogas and sulphide.Change water in good time, keep water level relatively stable.
Embodiment 3
Select 10 mu of low-lying paddy fields as turtle culture pond, the culturing pool depth of water in dry season is not less than 10cm, and flood season, the depth of water was no more than 150cm; The mud pH of pond bottom is 5.6-7.5, and salt content is less than 0.2%, and the mud degree of depth reaches 20cm-40cm, and organic content reaches more than 1.5%;
Arrange in the surrounding of culturing pool and prevent escaping enclosure wall, culturing pool is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and water inlet is higher than the water surface, and discharge outlet is lower than at the bottom of the pool, and water inlet and discharge outlet are arranged respectively prevents escaping net;
Culturing pool arranges feed table and flat roof, and feed table is set up by the cement pre-fabricated panel of long 1-3m, wide 0.4-0.6m, and feed table is skewed, and one end is submerged in 10-15cm under water, and the other end surfaces, and the top of feed table is provided with sunshade; Make canopy formula arch flat roof with timber or bamboo wood, be fixed on the water surface;
Adopt the mode of seedling raising and transplanting to plant Mineral elements in culturing pool, the cultivated area of Mineral elements is 3/4 of culturing pool;
The Japanese soft-shelled turtle of childhood being put into concentration is that the povidone iodine of 30mg/L carries out dipping bath 10-15 second, and in povidone iodine, effective amount of iodine is 1%, then puts in a suitable place to breed in culturing pool, and the single only heavy 150-250g of Japanese soft-shelled turtle of childhood, only puts 280-320 in a suitable place to breed for every mu;
Water temperature is raised to more than 20 DEG C, soft-shelled turtle timing bait of throwing something and feeding is cultivated, soft-shelled turtle bait of throwing something and feeding is specially: bait of throwing something and feeding is thrown and is placed on feed table close to water surface place, and bait of throwing something and feeding comprises soft-shelled turtle feed and fresh and alive feed, and the day feeding volume of soft-shelled turtle feed is the 2.5-4% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight; The day feeding volume of fresh and alive feed is the 5-10% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight, and feeding volume to be eaten up in latter 2 hours to throw something and feed at every turn and is as the criterion; Every two weeks adds a vitamin C and a vitamin E respectively in soft-shelled turtle feed, and ascorbic addition is 0.25% of soft-shelled turtle feed weight, and the addition of vitamin E is 0.025% of soft-shelled turtle feed weight;
Morbidity season, regularly adds Chinese herbal medicine diseases prevention in soft-shelled turtle feed, as every kilogram of soft-shelled turtle feed adds 2-3g tri-bloom; In addition, carry out water body full pool spilling head chlorine-containing agent with sterilizing prevent disease, in addition, a certain amount of antimicrobial of throwing something and feeding when soft-shelled turtle starts to cultivate, to increase its resistance simultaneously; Megathermal period is then based on refreshing and detoxicating of throwing something and feeding, the Chinese herbal medicine protecting the liver, protect liver; Stage reduces medication to ensure soft-shelled turtle noresidue, edible safety as far as possible;
Note the situation of the water quality in culturing pool, to prevent the harm to soft-shelled turtle, the water body in culturing pool cultivated water quality once every 20 days with biologic product; Soft-shelled turtle weight reaches more than 1000g can start harvesting listing;
In a word, inspection to be noted in breeding process, carry out work such as patrolling field, water quality adjustment, the record of production, growth rate mensuration.Adhere to that early, middle and late pond of patrolling checks, throw inspection before raising every day and prevent escaping facility; Grasp soft-shelled turtle food situation, adjust daily ration, feeding quantity with this; Observing the active situation of soft-shelled turtle, should process in time as noted abnormalities; Duty is cut weeds, harmful animal, dirt; The remaining bait of timely removing and material, cleaning bait table; Check water colour, measure water temperature, hear and have free from extraneous odour, carry out and patrol field daily record.At high-temperature high humidity season, water quality be kept fresh, at the bottom of control field, organic substance decomposing face produces the noxious material such as biogas and sulphide.Change water in good time, keep water level relatively stable.
Adopt above embodiment to carry out soft-shelled turtle and Mineral elements is supported altogether, the soft-shelled turtle body colour obtained is pitch-black especially shinny.Plant water chestnut simultaneously and can reduce water temperature, although soft-shelled turtle growth rate decreased more in the past, meat was more solid, and quality is significantly improved, and was the wild soft-shelled turtle of pure natural.
Empirical tests, YaoQuan bio-farm, Xin Cheng town, Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing, the pond gross area 240 mu, adopt the method that soft-shelled turtle provided by the invention and Mineral elements are supported altogether, realize gross yield 10.30 kilograms then, wherein soft-shelled turtle output 5.4 kilograms, realize the gross output value 506.56 ten thousand yuan, total benefit 15.80 ten thousand yuan; Wherein, per mu yield 429 kilograms, per mu yield value reaches 2.11 ten thousand yuan, mu benefit 6582 yuan.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a cultural method for ecological soft-shelled turtle, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Select sharrow pool or river bend or low-lying paddy field as turtle culture pond;
Arrange in the surrounding of described culturing pool and prevent escaping enclosure wall, described culturing pool is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and described water inlet is higher than the water surface, and described discharge outlet is lower than at the bottom of the pool, and described water inlet and described discharge outlet are arranged respectively prevents escaping net;
Described culturing pool arranges feed table and flat roof, and the top of described feed table is provided with sunshade;
In described culturing pool, plant Mineral elements, the cultivated area of described Mineral elements is the 1/2-3/4 of described culturing pool;
Will the soft-shelled turtle of childhood sterilize after put in a suitable place to breed in described culturing pool, water temperature is raised to more than 20 DEG C, cultivates described soft-shelled turtle timing bait of throwing something and feeding;
The described culturing pool depth of water in dry season is not less than 10cm, and flood season, the depth of water was no more than 150cm; The mud pH of pond bottom is 5.6-7.5, and salt content is less than 0.2%, and the mud degree of depth reaches 20cm-40cm, and organic content reaches more than 1.5%;
The single only heavy 150-250g of soft-shelled turtle of described childhood, only puts 280-320 in a suitable place to breed for every mu.
2. the cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described feed table is set up by the cement pre-fabricated panel of long 1-3m, wide 0.4-0.6m, and described feed table is skewed, and one end is submerged in 10-15cm under water, and the other end surfaces.
3. the cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described soft-shelled turtle is any one in Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Taiwan soft-shelled turtle and Japanese soft-shelled turtle.
4. the cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Mineral elements adopt broadcast sowing, one or more in drilling and seedling raising and transplanting.
5. the cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sterilization is soak 15-25 second with the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 15-25mg/L, or mass percent is the saline solution dipping bath 10-15 second of 3%-5%, or concentration is that the povidone iodine of 25-35mg/L carries out dipping bath 10-15 second, in described povidone iodine, effective amount of iodine is 1%.
6. the cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is specially described soft-shelled turtle timing bait of throwing something and feeding:
Described bait of throwing something and feeding is thrown and is placed on described feed table close to water surface place, described in bait of throwing something and feeding comprise soft-shelled turtle feed and fresh and alive feed, the day feeding volume of described soft-shelled turtle feed is the 2.5-4% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight; The day feeding volume of described fresh and alive feed is the 5-10% of soft-shelled turtle gross weight, and feeding volume to be eaten up in latter 2 hours to throw something and feed at every turn and is as the criterion;
Every two weeks adds a vitamin C and a vitamin E respectively in described soft-shelled turtle feed, and described ascorbic addition is 0.25% of described soft-shelled turtle feed weight, and the addition of described vitamin E is 0.025% of described soft-shelled turtle feed weight.
7. the cultural method of ecological soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described flat roof in the following ways in any one or more:
A (), in the described cultivation pool side water surface joint of area without shade, makes with described culturing pool isometric with fragment of brick or cement plate, the strip slope of wide 0.8-1.2m;
B () is 2-3m by length, the wide bamboo clappers for 1-2m or polyethylene board are inclined in the water surface of described cultivation pool side;
C () makes canopy formula arch flat roof with timber or bamboo wood, be fixed on the water surface.
8. the cultural method of the ecological soft-shelled turtle according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, described culturing pool is 5-10 mu.
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| CN105981685B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2019-07-02 | 宁波市明凤渔业有限公司 | A kind of production breeding method of the long soft-shelled turtle in open country |
| CN104872061A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-09-02 | 铜陵县黑你养殖专业合作社 | Cultivation method of soft-shelled turtles |
| CN105028313A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-11-11 | 柳州市鑫鳌水产养殖专业合作社 | Turtle cultivation method |
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| CN106962289A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-07-21 | 黄世强 | The method for cultivating soft-shelled turtle |
| CN107624716A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-26 | 宁国市金东坊农业开发有限公司 | A kind of prevention method of soft-shelled turtle putrid skin disease |
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