CN102783433A - Method for breeding juvenile crabs in rice fields - Google Patents
Method for breeding juvenile crabs in rice fields Download PDFInfo
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- CN102783433A CN102783433A CN2011101332566A CN201110133256A CN102783433A CN 102783433 A CN102783433 A CN 102783433A CN 2011101332566 A CN2011101332566 A CN 2011101332566A CN 201110133256 A CN201110133256 A CN 201110133256A CN 102783433 A CN102783433 A CN 102783433A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ecological breeding of special aquatic products and relates to a method for breeding juvenile crabs in rice fields. A three-dimensional ecological planting and breeding mode of quaternity of rice, the juvenile crabs, soybean and elodea nuttallii is adopted for breeding the juvenile crabs in the rice fields. Annular crab ditches or crab ditches shaped like the Chinese ri are adopted around the rice fields, the elodea nuttallii is planted in the crab ditches, the soybean is planted on ridges, weeds, insects, underwater plankton and benthos in the rice fields are utilized to breed the juvenile crabs, growth of the juvenile crabs is guaranteed, and the good effects of weeding, deinsectization and field cleaning are achieved; meanwhile, excrement of the juvenile crabs further has the effects of returning to the fields through abdomens and continuously improving fertilizer efficiency, and movement of the juvenile crabs, such as food finding, promotes raw nutrient cycle of the soil. The mutual controlling and promoting effects of a biologic chain formed among living beings including the rice, injurious insects and river crabs are utilized, the rice and crab symbiosis ecological environment is improved according to the reproduction law of the rice and organic combination of the living beings, and pollution-free performance, nutrition and high yield of rice and crab products are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to special aquatic products article ecologic breeding field, be specifically related to the method for a kind of paddy field aquaculture button crab.
Background technology
Along with the deterioration of paddy rice planting environment, disease, insect pest, crop smothering are on the rise, and in the traditional mode of production, chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals have become the main means that guarantee rice yield.The environmental pollution that causes, the output value is low, and synergy is slow.And cultivating river crabs such as pond, lake have been buckled polluted water, destroy the cap of ecotope.It is extremely urgent to develop novel paddy rice plantation and culture of Chinese mitten crab technology.
In recent years, north China begins to utilize the advantage of rice field local area ecological resource to carry out culture of Chinese mitten crab, developing ecology breeding technology, make every effort to achieve " water is dual-purpose, a ground is two receives ' raising the output, increase income industry.
On the one hand, paddy field aquaculture becomes crab to prevent and treat increasing production and improying productivity of rice disease and pest crop smothering, paddy field aquaculture river crab.On the other hand, natural river crab has rich nutrient substances, has become one cuisines in people's food and drink, and along with environment change, natural river crab reduces day by day, can not satisfy people's needs already.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome defective of the prior art, the method for a kind of paddy field aquaculture button crab is provided.The method of paddy field aquaculture button crab of the present invention; Self-control, reconstruction, recovery that utilizes natural ecosystems etc. kept the function of system stability and carried out paddy field aquaculture button crab, prevents the paddy rice disease pest and weed simultaneously and plays not applying pesticides and chemical fertilizer and guarantee the effect of crop normal growth.
The invention discloses a kind of raising crabs in paddy field technology, belong to rice field zoology breeding new technology.Be utilize in weeds in the rice field, insect, the water swim and benthon cultures the button crab, not only guaranteed the growth of river crab, played the good result in weeding, deinsectization, clean field, the ight soil of river crab also had abdomen simultaneously also increases the effect of soil fertility in the field; The ight soil that river crab produces contains a large amount of npk nutrients, organic matter and microorganism, for paddy rice provides uninterrupted fertilising, in addition; Looking for food etc. of river crab is movable, increases the paddyfield water dissolved oxygen, stirs soil; Reduce the bulk density of soil, increase soil water-stable aggregate quantity, improve the aeration status of soil; Also promote the activity of microorganism, help the nutrient circulation, promote the activation of the original nutrient of soil.Can promote paddy growth, can coordinate again to strive the contradiction that fertilizer wins honour between Rice Population and individuality, paddy rice and the weeds, improve the ecotope of Rice Population, thereby improve the productivity effect in rice field.
In addition; Natural ecosystems in the rice field provide good space and environment and water body resource for the button crab, and circular groove has guaranteed the suitable water temperature of the existence of river crab, and rice plant has played the effect of shading; In addition; On the paddy rice plant, in the water body, have a large amount of natural river crab bait in the soil, add the manual work pellet of throwing something and feeding, being equivalent to provides dual fail-safe for the growth of river crab.
Utilize the short mutually effect of cross complaint of the biological chain that forms between the biologies such as paddy rice, insect, river crab; And according to each growth regularity of paddy rice and biological combination; Improve rice crab symbiosis ecotope, realize a breeding new technology of nuisancelessization of rice crab product, nutrient laden.The present invention is the adjusting behavior of the natural imitation ecosystem in artificial ecological system; Pass through raising crabs in paddy field; The generation of control rice field disease pest and weed; Promoting the ecological balance, control pesticide pollution, also can impel increasing production of rice, reduce agricultural cost, realize increasing peasant income, is the ecological agriculture of resource-conserving, environmentally friendly sustainable development.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
The method of paddy field aquaculture button crab of the present invention, the stereo ecological breeding pattern of adopt paddy rice, detaining crab, soybean (Glycine max) and waterweed (Elodea nuttallii) quaternity comprises the steps:
(1), select to culture the rice field of button crab: the rice field of said breed button crab is selected near the water source, water quality is good, pollution-free, irrigation and drainage convenient, water holding capacity and nutrient preserving capability can be strong, be not submerged flood season, bigger low-lying, the shoal of area in flakes.
(2), select the button crab young and carry out foster temporarily: the water salinity that the said button crab young is supported temporarily remains on 5-7, reduces salinity of water after foster at least 2 hours temporarily, and the halogen worm of throwing something and feeding.
Button of the present invention crab be Eriocheir sinensia (Eriocheir sinensis) one age the crab kind.
The button crab young of the present invention is the megalops larva of Eriocheir sinensia, and the megalops larva of said Eriocheir sinensia is the young crab after the 5th shelling of Eriocheir sinensia.
After megalops larva of the present invention is shipped from the hatchery, can be placed on a side crab ditch or the storage pond, holding pond of supporting the field piece temporarily earlier and carry out supporting temporarily.
Preferable, a said side crab ditch or storage pond, holding pond of supporting the field piece temporarily leveled sterilization earlier before putting into temporary the supporting of the big eye button crab young.
Preferable, said salinity of water reduces to 1～2.Said salinity is the gram number of whole dissolved solids contained in every kilogram the water.
(3), rice field fertilising: said rice field is the disposable base fertilizer that applies before raking the soil level, and said base fertilizer is biological bacteria property fertilizer, and every mu is applied fertilizer 60～70 kilograms.
(4), dig crab ditch and culvert system in the rice field: before rice seedling is transplanted, at annular crab ditch that digs out dark 40-60cm, wide 60-80cm around the rice field and in the ridge in the rice field or day font crab ditch; The position in ridge water inlet and discharge outlet of said culvert system is dug on the relative two jiaos ridge in rice field.
Preferable, the outer ring ditch of said annular crab ditch and day font crab ditch is all apart from ridge 40～60cm place.
The present invention supports that the crab rice field is advanced, the position of discharge outlet is dug on the relative two jiaos ridge in rice field, and make into, discharge outlet is communicated with irrigation and drainage channels, circular groove, so that the current in whole rice field are unobstructed.
(5), plant paddy rice: the plantation pattern transplanting seedlings of planting the employing large-ridge double-row of said paddy rice.
Preferable, the micro-ridge line-spacing of said large-ridge double-row is 20 ± 3cm, big ridge line-spacing is 40 ± 3cm.
Preferable, the seed of said paddy rice is selected the kind of disease and insect resistance, resistant to lodging, salt tolerant alkali, anti-fertility, good quality and high output., peaceful round-grained rice 43 rich 47 and kind such as light more like Liaoxing No.1, salt.
The present invention adopts " large-ridge double-row " (i.e. 6 cun ridges and 12 cun ridges, conventional rice transplanting mode is 9 cun ridges) plantation pattern transplanting seedlings, is beneficial to rice shoot ventilation, printing opacity and river crab activity.
(6) plantation waterweed: after rice seedling is transplanted, said annular crab ditch or day font crab ditch plantation waterweed.
Preferable, said waterweed was planted in summer; Better, said waterweed was planted in the 5-7 month.
Preferable, the plant of said waterweed is adopted the cropping pattern of row strain equidistance; Better, said capable strain equidistance is of a size of 40 * 40cm.
Make full use of waterweed branch evil, characteristics that regeneration capacity is strong during waterweed of the present invention plantation, the plant with waterweed is divided into the joint about 10cm earlier, directly inserts in people's mud row strain equidistance 40 * 40cm when planting with hand.At northern area, the waterweed growth most productive period is the 5-7 month, plantation preferably; In order to improve the survival rate of waterweed, the crab kind should be supported at temporarily foster field piece or storage pond, holding pond earlier temporarily, will detain crab in waterweed arrival growth again during the most productive period and put the people.The present invention is planted in the waterweed in the rice field, can not only increase the paddyfield water dissolved oxygen, keep the interior water body of crab ditch stable, and waterweed is still detained the agreeable to the taste bait of crab.
(7), support the sterilization of leveling of the crab rice field and the button crab young: level sterilization to supporting the crab rice field with the button crab young respectively before putting in a suitable place to breed.
Preferable, when the said button crab young is put in a suitable place to breed with 18～23g/m
3Potassium permanganate dipping bath 5～10min, but disease preventing and treating.Regularly spill quicklime after putting in a suitable place to breed to the crab ditch, and the pharmaceutical chemistry of regularly throwing something and feeding, diseases prevention is in possible trouble.
(8), put in a suitable place to breed: the button crab young that will level sterilization is put into the rice field of leveling after the sterilization and cultures in good time; Be preferably, the button crab young is put into the crab ditch in rice field.
Preferable, the time of putting the button crab young in a suitable place to breed is at the beginning of annual 7 months.
Preferable, put the button crab young in a suitable place to breed before, in the rice field, put into Xin Shui earlier, and then will detain crab and put in a suitable place to breed in the rice field.
Preferable, regularly spill quicklime after putting in a suitable place to breed to the crab ditch, and the pharmaceutical chemistry of regularly throwing something and feeding, diseases prevention is in possible trouble.Further, the said quicklime that regularly spills month spills once like two weeks to, and the said amount that spills quicklime is each every mu of 10-15 kilogram; The said pharmaceutical chemistry of regularly throwing something and feeding, as being mixed with pharmaceutical chemistry with sulphoamidine medicine and feed at the beginning of 7 months He at the beginning of 9 months, the dosage of first day every 10kg button crab is 1-1.2g, and the dosage of every day is half of first day in second to the 6th day, and 6 days is a course of treatment; Said dosage is calculated according to the weight of sulphoamidine.Water quality should meet the GB-11607-89 standard after spilling quicklime, and the pH value is between 7.0-9.9.
(9), throwing something and feeding of button crab: the growing state according to the button crab is thrown something and fed.
Preferably, throwing something and feeding of said button crab is every day fixed point, the bait of throwing something and feeding one time regularly, the 3%-5% of TBW when feeding volume is put in a suitable place to breed for the button crab.
Preferable, the pellet of before mid-August to mid-September, throwing something and feeding of throwing something and feeding of said button crab, the green fodder of after mid-August to mid-September, throwing something and feeding is like green fodders such as pasture and water.
The management of throwing something and feeding of button crab of the present invention, feedstuff feeding will help harmonious ecotope in living environment and the rice field of river crab and paddy rice, every day fixed point, the bait of throwing something and feeding one time regularly, feeding volume is the 3%-5% that puts the river crab TBW in a suitable place to breed, the pellet of throwing something and feeding.Should stop to feed pellet to mid-September mid-August, changes green fodders such as throwing pasture and water, and the waterweed in the circular groove is natural bait especially, prevents to detain crab sex premature and control button crab sex premature ratio with this.
(10), the daily management of button crab: accomplish " two patrol ", " three is anti-", " four examine "." two patrol " is exactly morning, evening will patrol the field." three is anti-" is exactly anti-harmful animal, bilge water resisting, the anti-pilferage." four examine " is exactly to examine to prevent that escaping facility has or not breakage, pinpoints the problems in time to solve; Two examine and have or not residual bait, note observing river crab food situation, with the daily ration, feeding quantity of fixing time; Three examine variation of water, but change the water time according to the variation of water flexible, simultaneously, note listening to weather forecast; Four examine the growing way of river crab, have disease-freely, have or not harmful animal, in time clear up crab shell, dead crab, crab shell size is measured.
(11), catch the button crab: the capture time of said button crab was preferably by the end of September at the beginning of 10 months; Because be the button crab trapping period before the paddy rice harvesting by the end of September at the beginning of 10 months, row irrigation capable of using hockets, and forms current, induce the button crab to get into district to be caught.
Preferably, the rice field of said breed button crab also is provided with the anti-facility of escaping, and the said anti-facility of escaping is the anti-wall of escaping of button crab that is located at around the rice field and adopts plastic film to be built into.
Preferably, the rice field of said breed button crab around also be provided with the lamp that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes.Preferred, the every 3-5 mu of the said lamp that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes rice field is installed one.The said lamp that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes comprises solar panel, the accumulator that connects successively through lead, the lamp that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes, and the said lamp that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes also comprises the mosquitos and flies collecting box, and is positioned at the lamp below that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes; The said lamp that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes can also adopt the lamp device that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes of the prior art.
The present invention installs the lamp that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes all around in the rice field, can be used for trapping and killing rice pest, and the distribution of prediction insect.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention has adopted the Planting Patterns of large-ridge double-row, compares with the Planting Patterns in conventional rice field, and marginal effect embodies more obvious, has increased the ventilation and penetrating light of paddy rice, reduces the generation of disease; The activity space of river crab strengthens, and helps the river crab growth.
(2) adopt the circular groove design in the periphery, rice field, be convenient to the aquaculture management of river crab.
(3) raising crabs in paddy field can effectively be controlled the harm of rice field pest, and rice grubs such as wriggler, rice-stem borer, rice fulgorid, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel are had fabulous inhibitory action.
(4) fertilizer is all used in the rice field, and refusal uses chemical fertilizer, has reduced the discharging of nitrogen phosphorus; Use biopesticide simultaneously, reduced residue of pesticide, reduce pollution, make the paddy rice of production become real green agricultural product, promote increasing production of rice, realize increasing peasant income water body.
(5) raising crabs in paddy field solves rice cultivation weeding problem.River crab is put into the weeds that constantly ingest behind the rice field, under the situation of not using weed killer herbicide, eliminates weeds in field, and the river crab soil that loosened in the process of searching for food is kept soil from packing together.Through the long-term intertillage effect of river crab, increased soil aeration, improved soil environment, strengthen respiration, reduce the harm of noxious material, be beneficial to the rice root growth, be beneficial to the absorption of root system to mineral matter, promote growing of root system.
(6) paddy rice obtains the organic manure that a large amount of effluent crabs drain in vegetative period, and river crab is bait in the rice field with the aquatic animals and plants, saves throw something and feed cost and field management cost so greatly.
(7) the peripheral planting soybean in the rice field, reasonable use space, land resources and water resource, realized the solid production in rice field;
(8) plant waterweed in the circular groove, make full use of the space environment in rice field, increase the paddyfield water dissolved oxygen, more detain crab shade place and natural bait are provided.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the sketch map of button crab is supported in rice field of the present invention
Fig. 2: the sketch map of fly-killing lamp
Embodiment
Further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, should be understood that these embodiment only are used to the present invention is described and are not used in restriction protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The method of the paddy field aquaculture button crab of present embodiment is that button crab sketch map is supported in rice field as shown in Figure 1:
(1), the rice field selects: support the crab rice field and should be selected near the water source, water quality is good, and is pollution-free, irrigation and drainage convenient, water holding capacity and nutrient preserving capability can be strong, be not submerged flood season, bigger low-lying, the shoal of area in flakes.
(2), the selection of rice paddy seed: rice paddy seed should be selected the kind of disease and insect resistance, resistant to lodging, salt tolerant alkali, anti-fertility, good quality and high output, selects the Liaoxing No.1 rice varieties.
(3), megalops larva is selected: ship the button crab young from the hatchery; Be placed on earlier in the side crab ditch of supporting the field piece temporarily, regulate crab ditch water body salinity in advance, make salinity remain on 5-7 with salt; Megalops larva goes into to begin to pour water that to fall salinity be 1-2 behind the storage pond, holding pond after 2 hours, the halogen worm of throwing something and feeding.
(4), the Planting Patterns of paddy rice: before the rice transplanting the annular crab ditch that 50cm is dark, 80cm is wide is dug out in the rice field; And annular crab ditch is apart from ridge 40cm; And then rice transplanting, adopt " large-ridge double-row, limit row are encrypted " Planting Patterns, promptly micro-ridge is the 20cm ridge; Big ridge is the 40cm ridge, and it is movable to be beneficial to rice shoot ventilation, printing opacity and button crab.It is less that Cultivation Techniques of Big Ridge Double Line can solve the paddy rice seeding row spacing effectively, causes sealing the ridge early, and the later stage ventilation and penetrating light is bad, and the bottom leaf is withered early to cause problems such as paddy rice early ageing, dry-matter accumulation are obstructed, thereby improves the light energy of rice availability.
(5), the fertilization mode of paddy rice: before raking the soil level in the rice field, the disposable biological bacteria property fertilizer that applies is a base fertilizer, 900 kilograms/hm of fertilising
2
(6), culvert system: support that the crab rice field is advanced, the position of discharge outlet is dug on the relative two jiaos ridge in rice field, advance, discharge outlet is communicated with irrigation and drainage channels, circular groove, can make the current in whole rice field unobstructed like this.
(7), prevent escaping facility: construct the anti-wall of escaping of river crab with plastic film around in the rice field; With the plastic film of 0.08-0.1mm as body of wall; It is imbedded 10cm in the soil, make acrial part prevent escaping the high 50-60cm of wall, the outside adds iron wire with the bamboo bar and fixes; The body of wall angle inwardly slightly tilts, four jiaos surround one circular-arc.
(9) waterweed: behind the rice transplanting, in circular groove, plant waterweed, make full use of waterweed branch evil, characteristics that regeneration capacity is strong when planting, earlier the waterweed plant is divided into the joint about 10cm, directly insert in people's mud one with hand, row strain equidistance 40 * 40cm when planting.The northern area waterweed growth most productive period is the 5-7 month, and in order to improve the waterweed survival rate, the crab kind should be supported the time at storage pond, holding pond earlier temporarily, and waterweed arrives the growth most productive period by the time, puts the people wherein.The existence of waterweed can not only increase the paddyfield water dissolved oxygen, keeps the interior water body of circular groove stable, still detains the agreeable to the taste bait of crab.
(9), lamp wipes out the flies and mosquitoes: the lamp that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes is installed around in the rice field, and every 3-5 mu is installed one, is used to trap and kill the distribution of rice pest and prediction insect.
(10), put in a suitable place to breed: at the beginning of annual 7 months, the button crab gets into the land for growing field crops in good time.Before putting in a suitable place to breed, in the large tracts of land rice field, put into Xin Shui earlier, and then will detain crab and put big Tanaka in a suitable place to breed.
(11) stereo ecological breeding: the stereo ecological breeding pattern of paddy rice, river crab, soybean and waterweed quaternity, as shown in Figure 1, wherein the soybean plantation is on the ridge of paddy rice.
(12), the button crab management of throwing something and feeding: feedstuff feeding will help the ecotope of harmony in living environment and the rice field of river crab and paddy rice, fixes a point every day, bait is thrown something and fed in timing one time, and feeding volume is to put 3% of river crab TBW in a suitable place to breed, the pellet of throwing something and feeding.Should stop to feed pellet to mid-September mid-August, changes green fodders such as throwing pasture and water, and the waterweed in the circular groove is natural bait especially, prevents to detain crab sex premature and control button crab sex premature ratio with this.
(13), daily management: accomplish " two patrol ", " three is anti-", " four examine "." two patrol " promptly morning, evening will be patrolled the field: have every day the special messenger to patrol the field 2 times, especially at bad weathers such as morning, evening, night and overcast and rainy strong wind, more will conscientiously carefully patrol the field, observe change of water quality, river crab growth and the situation of ingesting simultaneously, the solution in time of in time pinpointing the problems." three is anti-" promptly is anti-harmful animal, bilge water resisting, the anti-pilferage.The invasion and attack of anti-harmful organisms: one prevents escaping crab; Two anti-water snakes, frog, toad; The three anti-plagues of rats; Four will in time drive aquatic bird, think the suitable growing environment of button crab creation.Bilge water resisting gets into the growth that the rice field influences river crab, will prevent to detain crab simultaneously and stolen." four examine " promptly is to examine to prevent that escaping facility has or not breakage, and pinpointing the problems promptly is to solve; Two examine and have or not residual bait, note observing river crab food situation, with the daily ration, feeding quantity of fixing time; Three examine change of water quality, change the water time, but flexible simultaneously, notes listening to weather forecast; Four examine the river crab growing way, have disease-freely, have or not harmful animal, in time clear up crab shell, dead crab, crab shell size is measured.The raising crabs in paddy field disease is relied mainly on prevention, and control combines, general one month quicklime of splashing one time, 10 kilograms of each every mu of consumptions.
Water quality should meet the GB-11607-89 standard, and the pH value is controlled to be between 7.0-8.0.
(14), disease prevention and cure: level sterilization to supporting crab rice field and storage pond, holding pond before putting in a suitable place to breed.When putting in a suitable place to breed, the crab kind uses 20g/m
3Potassium permanganate dipping bath 5～10min; Put back regular (month once) in a suitable place to breed and spill quicklime to the crab ditch; The pharmaceutical chemistry of regularly throwing something and feeding at the beginning of 7 months be mixed with pharmaceutical chemistry with sulphoamidine and feed at the beginning of 9 months, the dose of every day reduces by half among first day every 10kg river crab medication 1g, second-Di six days; 6 days is a course of treatment, and diseases prevention is in possible trouble.
(15), catch the button crab: at the beginning of 10 months, be the button crab trapping period before the paddy rice harvesting by the end of September, utilize row irrigation to hocket, form current, induce the button crab to get into district to be caught.After the button crab catches, can gather in paddy rice.
The method of the paddy field aquaculture button crab of present embodiment has following advantage:
(1) the present invention has adopted the Planting Patterns of large-ridge double-row, compares with the Planting Patterns in conventional rice field, and marginal effect embodies more obvious, has increased the ventilation and penetrating light of paddy rice, reduces the generation of disease; The activity space of river crab strengthens, and helps the river crab growth.
(2) adopt the circular groove design in the periphery, rice field, be convenient to the aquaculture management of river crab.
(3) raising crabs in paddy field can effectively be controlled the harm of rice field pest, and rice grubs such as wriggler, rice-stem borer, rice fulgorid, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel are had fabulous inhibitory action.
(4) fertilizer is all used in the rice field, and refusal uses chemical fertilizer, has reduced the discharging of nitrogen phosphorus; Use biopesticide simultaneously, reduced residue of pesticide, reduce pollution, make the paddy rice of production become real green agricultural product, promote increasing production of rice, realize increasing peasant income water body.
(5) raising crabs in paddy field solves rice cultivation weeding problem.River crab is put into the weeds that constantly ingest behind the rice field, under the situation of not using weed killer herbicide, eliminates weeds in field, and the river crab soil that loosened in the process of searching for food is kept soil from packing together.Through the long-term intertillage effect of river crab, increased soil aeration, improved soil environment, strengthen respiration, reduce the harm of noxious material, be beneficial to the rice root growth, be beneficial to the absorption of root system to mineral matter, promote growing of root system.
(6) paddy rice obtains the organic manure that a large amount of effluent crabs drain in vegetative period, and river crab is bait in the rice field with the aquatic animals and plants, saves throw something and feed cost and field management cost so greatly.
(7) the peripheral planting soybean in the rice field, reasonable use space, land resources and water resource, realized the solid production in rice field;
(8) plant waterweed in the circular groove, make full use of the space environment in rice field, increase the paddyfield water dissolved oxygen, more detain crab shade place and natural bait are provided.
(9) input and output in the foster crab rice field of present embodiment compare the input-output ratio height in conventional rice field; The average 8.3g/ of button crab that catches the time only, average 60 kilograms/mu, and because the method for the paddy field aquaculture button crab that present embodiment adopts; Stereo ecological breeding pattern for paddy rice, button crab, soybean and waterweed quaternity; The crab that obtains is ecological crab, and the soybean average yield per mu is 300 kilograms/mu, and the paddy rice average yield per mu is 705; Therefore detain crab, soybean and paddy rice and have a good harvest more, comprehensive benefit is fine.
Embodiment 2
During 2006～2009 year 5～October, bridge wall town, Panjin City Panshan County has carried out the enforcement of raising crabs in paddy field demonstration area in Liaoning Province, adopts the method step of embodiment 1; Carry out paddy field aquaculture button crab in raising crabs in paddy field demonstration base, rice paddy seed is the light paddy rice more, and selects the neat button crab of beginning stocking size at the beginning of 6 months; Average 0.25g/ only; 1.2 ten thousand/mu, the average 8.3g/ of initial acquisition button crab in October as a result, average 60 kilograms/mu; Rice yield is average 700-750 kilogram/mu, and is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
From table 1, can know: the input-output ratio of supporting crab rice field and conventional rice field is respectively: 1: 2.48 and 1: 1.91; Average 8.3g/ of button crab, average 60 kilograms/mu, and because the method for the paddy field aquaculture button crab that present embodiment adopts; Stereo ecological breeding pattern for paddy rice, button crab, soybean and waterweed quaternity; The crab that obtains is ecological crab, and the soybean average yield per mu is 300 kilograms/mu, and the paddy rice average yield per mu is 703 kilograms/mu; Therefore detain crab, soybean and paddy rice and have a good harvest more, comprehensive benefit is fine.
Embodiment 3
The method of the paddy field aquaculture button crab of present embodiment is:
(1), the rice field selects: support the crab rice field and should be selected near the water source, water quality is good, and is pollution-free, irrigation and drainage convenient, water holding capacity and nutrient preserving capability can be strong, be not submerged flood season, bigger low-lying, the shoal of area in flakes.
(2), the selection of rice paddy seed: rice paddy seed should be selected the kind of disease and insect resistance, resistant to lodging, salt tolerant alkali, anti-fertility, good quality and high output, selects rich No. 47 rice varieties of salt.
(3), megalops larva is selected: ship the button crab young from the hatchery; Be placed on earlier in the side crab ditch of supporting the field piece temporarily, regulate crab ditch water body salinity in advance, make salinity remain on 5-7 with salt; Megalops larva goes into to begin to pour water after 2 hours behind the storage pond, holding pond and falls salinity to 1, the halogen worm of throwing something and feeding.
(4), the Planting Patterns of paddy rice: before the rice transplanting " day " font crab ditch that 40cm is dark, 60cm is wide is dug out in the rice field; And the outer circular groove of day font crab ditch is apart from ridge 40cm; And then rice transplanting, adopt " large-ridge double-row, limit row are encrypted " Planting Patterns, promptly the micro-ridge line-spacing is controlled to be 20 ± 3cm; Big ridge line-spacing is controlled to be 40 ± 3cm, and it is movable to be beneficial to rice shoot ventilation, printing opacity and button crab.It is less that Cultivation Techniques of Big Ridge Double Line can solve the paddy rice seeding row spacing effectively, causes sealing the ridge early, and the later stage ventilation and penetrating light is bad, and the bottom leaf is withered early to cause problems such as paddy rice early ageing, dry-matter accumulation are obstructed, thereby improves the light energy of rice availability.
(5), the fertilization mode of paddy rice: before raking the soil level in the rice field, the disposable biological bacteria property fertilizer that applies is a base fertilizer, 1050 kilograms/hm of fertilising
2
(6), culvert system: support that the crab rice field is advanced, the position of discharge outlet is dug on the relative two jiaos ridge in rice field, advance, discharge outlet is communicated with irrigation and drainage channels, circular groove, can make the current in whole rice field unobstructed like this.
(7), anti-escape facility: construct the anti-wall of escaping of river crab with plastic film around in the rice field, as body of wall, it is imbedded 10cm in the soil with the plastic film of 0.1mm; Make the anti-high 60cm of wall that escapes of acrial part; The outside adds iron wire with the bamboo bar and fixes, and the body of wall angle is slightly inclination inwardly, four jiaos surround one circular-arc.
(9) waterweed: behind the rice transplanting, in circular groove, plant waterweed, make full use of waterweed branch evil, characteristics that regeneration capacity is strong when planting, earlier the waterweed plant is divided into the joint about 10cm, directly insert in people's mud one with hand, row strain equidistance 40 * 40cm when planting.The northern area waterweed growth most productive period is the 5-7 month, and in order to improve the waterweed survival rate, the crab kind should be supported the time at storage pond, holding pond earlier temporarily, and waterweed arrives the growth most productive period by the time, puts the people wherein.The existence of waterweed can not only increase the paddyfield water dissolved oxygen, keeps the interior water body of circular groove stable, still detains the agreeable to the taste bait of crab.
(9), lamp wipes out the flies and mosquitoes: the lamp that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes is installed around in the rice field, is installed one for per 5 mu, be used to trap and kill the distribution of rice pest and prediction insect.
(10), put in a suitable place to breed: at the beginning of annual 7 months, the button crab gets into the land for growing field crops in good time.Before putting in a suitable place to breed, in the large tracts of land rice field, put into Xin Shui earlier, and then will detain crab and put big Tanaka in a suitable place to breed.
(11) stereo ecological breeding: the stereo ecological breeding pattern of paddy rice, river crab, soybean and waterweed quaternity, wherein the soybean plantation is on the ridge of paddy rice.
(12), the button crab management of throwing something and feeding: feedstuff feeding will help the ecotope of harmony in living environment and the rice field of river crab and paddy rice, fixes a point every day, bait is thrown something and fed in timing one time, and feeding volume is to put 5% of river crab TBW in a suitable place to breed, the pellet of throwing something and feeding.Should stop to feed pellet to mid-September mid-August, changes green fodders such as throwing pasture and water, and the waterweed in the circular groove is natural bait especially, prevents to detain crab sex premature and control button crab sex premature ratio with this.
(13), daily management: accomplish " two patrol ", " three is anti-", " four examine "." two patrol " promptly morning, evening will be patrolled the field: have every day the special messenger to patrol the field 2 times, especially at bad weathers such as morning, evening, night and overcast and rainy strong wind, more will conscientiously carefully patrol the field, observe change of water quality, river crab growth and the situation of ingesting simultaneously, the solution in time of in time pinpointing the problems." three is anti-" promptly is anti-harmful animal, bilge water resisting, the anti-pilferage.The invasion and attack of anti-harmful organisms: one prevents escaping crab; Two anti-water snakes, frog, toad; The three anti-plagues of rats; Four will in time drive aquatic bird, think the suitable growing environment of button crab creation.Bilge water resisting gets into the growth that the rice field influences river crab, will prevent to detain crab simultaneously and stolen." four examine " promptly is to examine to prevent that escaping facility has or not breakage, and pinpointing the problems promptly is to solve; Two examine and have or not residual bait, note observing river crab food situation, with the daily ration, feeding quantity of fixing time; Three examine change of water quality, change the water time, but flexible simultaneously, notes listening to weather forecast; Four examine the river crab growing way, have disease-freely, have or not harmful animal, in time clear up crab shell, dead crab, crab shell size is measured.The raising crabs in paddy field disease is relied mainly on prevention, and control combines, the general 20 days quicklime of splashing one time, 12 kilograms of each every mu of consumptions.
Water quality should meet the GB-11607-89 standard, and the pH value is controlled to be between 8.0-9.0.
(14), disease prevention and cure: level sterilization to supporting crab rice field and storage pond, holding pond before putting in a suitable place to breed.When putting in a suitable place to breed, the crab kind uses 18g/m
3Potassium permanganate dipping bath 10min; Put back regular (20 days once) in a suitable place to breed and spill quicklime to the crab ditch; The pharmaceutical chemistry of regularly throwing something and feeding at the beginning of 7 months be mixed with pharmaceutical chemistry with sulphoamidine and feed at the beginning of 9 months, the dose of every day reduces by half among first day every 10kg river crab medication 1.2g, second-Di six days; 6 days is a course of treatment, and diseases prevention is in possible trouble.
(15), catch the button crab: at the beginning of 10 months, be the button crab trapping period before the paddy rice harvesting by the end of September, utilize row irrigation to hocket, form current, induce the button crab to get into district to be caught.After the button crab catches, can gather in paddy rice.
The method of the paddy field aquaculture button crab of present embodiment has following advantage:
(1) the present invention has adopted the Planting Patterns of large-ridge double-row, compares with the Planting Patterns in conventional rice field, and marginal effect embodies more obvious, has increased the ventilation and penetrating light of paddy rice, reduces the generation of disease; The activity space of river crab strengthens, and helps the river crab growth.
(2) adopt the circular groove design in the periphery, rice field, be convenient to the aquaculture management of river crab.
(3) raising crabs in paddy field can effectively be controlled the harm of rice field pest, and rice grubs such as wriggler, rice-stem borer, rice fulgorid, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel are had fabulous inhibitory action.
(4) fertilizer is all used in the rice field, and refusal uses chemical fertilizer, has reduced the discharging of nitrogen phosphorus; Use biopesticide simultaneously, reduced residue of pesticide, reduce pollution, make the paddy rice of production become real green agricultural product, promote increasing production of rice, realize increasing peasant income water body.
(5) raising crabs in paddy field solves rice cultivation weeding problem.River crab is put into the weeds that constantly ingest behind the rice field, under the situation of not using weed killer herbicide, eliminates weeds in field, and the river crab soil that loosened in the process of searching for food is kept soil from packing together.Through the long-term intertillage effect of river crab, increased soil aeration, improved soil environment, strengthen respiration, reduce the harm of noxious material, be beneficial to the rice root growth, be beneficial to the absorption of root system to mineral matter, promote growing of root system.
(6) paddy rice obtains the organic manure that a large amount of effluent crabs drain in vegetative period, and river crab is bait in the rice field with the aquatic animals and plants, saves throw something and feed cost and field management cost so greatly.
(7) the peripheral planting soybean in the rice field, reasonable use space, land resources and water resource, realized the solid production in rice field;
(8) plant waterweed in the circular groove, make full use of the space environment in rice field, increase the paddyfield water dissolved oxygen, more detain crab shade place and natural bait are provided.
(9) input and output in the foster crab rice field of present embodiment compare the input-output ratio height in conventional rice field; Present embodiment is caught the average 8.5g/ of button crab of time; Average 61 kilograms/mu, and because the method for the paddy field aquaculture button crab that present embodiment adopts is the stereo ecological breeding pattern of paddy rice, button crab, soybean and waterweed quaternity; The crab that obtains is ecological crab; And the soybean average yield per mu is that 300 kilograms of/mu paddy rice average yield per mus are 710 kilograms/mu, therefore detains crab, soybean and paddy rice and has a good harvest more, and comprehensive benefit is fine.
Embodiment 4
The method of the paddy field aquaculture button crab of present embodiment is:
(1), the rice field selects: support the crab rice field and should be selected near the water source, water quality is good, and is pollution-free, irrigation and drainage convenient, water holding capacity and nutrient preserving capability can be strong, be not submerged flood season, bigger low-lying, the shoal of area in flakes.
(2), the selection of rice paddy seed: rice paddy seed should be selected the kind of disease and insect resistance, resistant to lodging, salt tolerant alkali, anti-fertility, good quality and high output, selects No. 43 rice varieties of peaceful round-grained rice.
(3), megalops larva is selected: ship the button crab young from the hatchery; Be placed on earlier in the side crab ditch of supporting the field piece temporarily, regulate crab ditch water body salinity in advance, make salinity remain on 6-7 with salt; Megalops larva goes into to begin to pour water after 2.5 hours behind the storage pond, holding pond and falls salinity 2, the halogen worm of throwing something and feeding.
(4), the Planting Patterns of paddy rice: before the rice transplanting the annular crab ditch that 60cm is dark, 80cm is wide is dug out in the rice field; And the crab ditch is apart from ridge 60cm; And then rice transplanting, adopt " large-ridge double-row, limit row are encrypted " Planting Patterns, promptly the micro-ridge line-spacing is controlled to be 20 ± 3cm; Big ridge line-spacing is controlled to be 40 ± 3cm, and it is movable to be beneficial to rice shoot ventilation, printing opacity and button crab.It is less that Cultivation Techniques of Big Ridge Double Line can solve the paddy rice seeding row spacing effectively, causes sealing the ridge early, and the later stage ventilation and penetrating light is bad, and the bottom leaf is withered early to cause problems such as paddy rice early ageing, dry-matter accumulation are obstructed, thereby improves the light energy of rice availability.
(5), the fertilization mode of paddy rice: before raking the soil level in the rice field, the disposable biological bacteria property fertilizer that applies is a base fertilizer, 975 kilograms/hm of fertilising
2
(6), culvert system: support that the crab rice field is advanced, the position of discharge outlet is dug on the relative two jiaos ridge in rice field, advance, discharge outlet is communicated with irrigation and drainage channels, circular groove, can make the current in whole rice field unobstructed like this.
(7), anti-escape facility: construct the anti-wall of escaping of river crab with plastic film around in the rice field, as body of wall, it is imbedded 10cm in the soil with the plastic film of 0.08mm; Make the anti-high 50cm of wall that escapes of acrial part; The outside adds iron wire with the bamboo bar and fixes, and the body of wall angle is slightly inclination inwardly, four jiaos surround one circular-arc.
(9) waterweed: behind the rice transplanting, in circular groove, plant waterweed, make full use of waterweed branch evil, characteristics that regeneration capacity is strong when planting, earlier the waterweed plant is divided into the joint about 10cm, directly insert in people's mud one with hand, row strain equidistance 40 * 40cm when planting.The northern area waterweed growth most productive period is the 5-7 month, and in order to improve the waterweed survival rate, the crab kind should be supported the time at storage pond, holding pond earlier temporarily, and waterweed arrives the growth most productive period by the time, puts the people wherein.The existence of waterweed can not only increase the paddyfield water dissolved oxygen, keeps the interior water body of circular groove stable, still detains the agreeable to the taste bait of crab.
(9), lamp wipes out the flies and mosquitoes: the lamp that wipes out the flies and mosquitoes is installed around in the rice field, is installed one for per 3 mu, be used to trap and kill the distribution of rice pest and prediction insect.
(10), put in a suitable place to breed: at the beginning of annual 7 months, the button crab gets into the land for growing field crops in good time.Before putting in a suitable place to breed, in the large tracts of land rice field, put into Xin Shui earlier, and then will detain crab and put big Tanaka in a suitable place to breed.
(11) stereo ecological breeding: the stereo ecological breeding pattern of paddy rice, river crab, soybean and waterweed quaternity, wherein the soybean plantation is on the ridge of paddy rice.
(12), the button crab management of throwing something and feeding: feedstuff feeding will help the ecotope of harmony in living environment and the rice field of river crab and paddy rice, fixes a point every day, bait is thrown something and fed in timing one time, and feeding volume is to put 4% of river crab TBW in a suitable place to breed, the pellet of throwing something and feeding.Should stop to feed pellet to mid-September mid-August, changes green fodders such as throwing pasture and water, and the waterweed in the circular groove is natural bait especially, prevents to detain crab sex premature and control button crab sex premature ratio with this.
(13), daily management: accomplish " two patrol ", " three is anti-", " four examine "." two patrol " promptly morning, evening will be patrolled the field: have every day the special messenger to patrol the field 2 times, especially at bad weathers such as morning, evening, night and overcast and rainy strong wind, more will conscientiously carefully patrol the field, observe change of water quality, river crab growth and the situation of ingesting simultaneously, the solution in time of in time pinpointing the problems." three is anti-" promptly is anti-harmful animal, bilge water resisting, the anti-pilferage.The invasion and attack of anti-harmful organisms: one prevents escaping crab; Two anti-water snakes, frog, toad; The three anti-plagues of rats; Four will in time drive aquatic bird, think the suitable growing environment of button crab creation.Bilge water resisting gets into the growth that the rice field influences river crab, will prevent to detain crab simultaneously and stolen." four examine " promptly is to examine to prevent that escaping facility has or not breakage, and pinpointing the problems promptly is to solve; Two examine and have or not residual bait, note observing river crab food situation, with the daily ration, feeding quantity of fixing time; Three examine change of water quality, change the water time, but flexible simultaneously, notes listening to weather forecast; Four examine the river crab growing way, have disease-freely, have or not harmful animal, in time clear up crab shell, dead crab, crab shell size is measured.The raising crabs in paddy field disease is relied mainly on prevention, and control combines, the general two weeks quicklime of splashing one time, 15 kilograms of each every mu of consumptions.
Water quality should meet the GB-11607-89 standard, and the pH value is controlled to be between 8.0-9.9.
(14), disease prevention and cure: level sterilization to supporting crab rice field and storage pond, holding pond before putting in a suitable place to breed.When putting in a suitable place to breed, the crab kind uses 23g/m
3Potassium permanganate dipping bath 5min; Put back regular (two weeks once) in a suitable place to breed and spill quicklime to the crab ditch; The pharmaceutical chemistry of regularly throwing something and feeding at the beginning of 7 months be mixed with pharmaceutical chemistry with sulphoamidine and feed at the beginning of 9 months, the dose of every day reduces by half among first day every 10kg river crab medication 1g, second-Di six days; 6 days is a course of treatment, and diseases prevention is in possible trouble.
(15), catch the button crab: at the beginning of 10 months, be the button crab trapping period before the paddy rice harvesting by the end of September, utilize row irrigation to hocket, form current, induce the button crab to get into district to be caught.After the button crab catches, can gather in paddy rice.
The method of the paddy field aquaculture button crab of present embodiment has following advantage:
(1) the present invention has adopted the Planting Patterns of large-ridge double-row, compares with the Planting Patterns in conventional rice field, and marginal effect embodies more obvious, has increased the ventilation and penetrating light of paddy rice, reduces the generation of disease; The activity space of river crab strengthens, and helps the river crab growth.
(2) adopt the circular groove design in the periphery, rice field, be convenient to the aquaculture management of river crab.
(3) raising crabs in paddy field can effectively be controlled the harm of rice field pest, and rice grubs such as wriggler, rice-stem borer, rice fulgorid, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel are had fabulous inhibitory action.
(4) fertilizer is all used in the rice field, and refusal uses chemical fertilizer, has reduced the discharging of nitrogen phosphorus; Use biopesticide simultaneously, reduced residue of pesticide, reduce pollution, make the paddy rice of production become real green agricultural product, promote increasing production of rice, realize increasing peasant income water body.
(5) raising crabs in paddy field solves rice cultivation weeding problem.River crab is put into the weeds that constantly ingest behind the rice field, under the situation of not using weed killer herbicide, eliminates weeds in field, and the river crab soil that loosened in the process of searching for food is kept soil from packing together.Through the long-term intertillage effect of river crab, increased soil aeration, improved soil environment, strengthen respiration, reduce the harm of noxious material, be beneficial to the rice root growth, be beneficial to the absorption of root system to mineral matter, promote growing of root system.
(6) paddy rice obtains the organic manure that a large amount of effluent crabs drain in vegetative period, and river crab is bait in the rice field with the aquatic animals and plants, saves throw something and feed cost and field management cost so greatly.
(7) the peripheral planting soybean in the rice field, reasonable use space, land resources and water resource, realized the solid production in rice field;
(8) plant waterweed in the circular groove, make full use of the space environment in rice field, increase the paddyfield water dissolved oxygen, more detain crab shade place and natural bait are provided.
(9) input and output in the foster crab rice field of present embodiment compare the input-output ratio height in conventional rice field; The average 9.0g/ of button crab that catches the time only, average 65 kilograms/mu, and because the method for the paddy field aquaculture button crab that present embodiment adopts; Stereo ecological breeding pattern for paddy rice, button crab, soybean and waterweed quaternity; The crab that obtains is ecological crab, and the soybean average yield per mu is 300 kilograms/mu, and the paddy rice average yield per mu is 740 kilograms/mu; Therefore detain crab, soybean and paddy rice and have a good harvest more, comprehensive benefit is fine.
Claims (11)
1. the method for a paddy field aquaculture button crab adopts the stereo ecological breeding pattern of paddy rice, button crab, soybean and waterweed quaternity, comprises the steps:
(1), selects to culture the rice field of button crab;
(2), selection is detained the crab young and is carried out supporting temporarily;
(3), rice field fertilising: said rice field is the disposable base fertilizer that applies before raking the soil level;
(4), dig crab ditch and culvert system in the rice field: before rice seedling is transplanted, at annular crab ditch that digs out dark 40-60cm, wide 60-80cm around the rice field and in the ridge in the rice field or day font crab ditch;
(5), plant paddy rice: the plantation pattern transplanting seedlings of planting the employing large-ridge double-row of said paddy rice;
(6), plantation waterweed: after rice seedling is transplanted, in said annular crab ditch or day font crab ditch, plant waterweed;
(7), support the sterilization of leveling of the crab rice field and the button crab young: level sterilization to supporting the crab rice field with the button crab young respectively before putting the button crab young in a suitable place to breed;
(8), put in a suitable place to breed: the button crab young that will level sterilization is put into the foster crab rice field of leveling after the sterilization and cultures in good time;
(9), detain throwing something and feeding and gathering of crab: the growing state according to the button crab is thrown something and fed and is gathered.
2. the method for paddy field aquaculture button crab as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said soybean planting is on the ridge in rice field.
3. the method for paddy field aquaculture button crab as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (2), the water salinity that the said button crab young is supported temporarily remains on 5-7, reduces water salinity to 1-2 after foster at least 2 hours temporarily.
4. the method for paddy field aquaculture button crab as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (2), field piece or storage pond, holding pond that the said button crab young is supported are temporarily leveled sterilization earlier before putting into the button crab young.
5. the method for paddy field aquaculture button crab as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (3), said base fertilizer is biological bacteria property fertilizer, and every mu is applied fertilizer 60～70 kilograms.
6. the method for paddy field aquaculture button crab as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (4), the outer ring ditch of said annular crab ditch and day font crab ditch is all apart from ridge 40～60cm place; The position in ridge water inlet and discharge outlet of said culvert system is dug on the relative two jiaos ridge in rice field.
7. the method for paddy field aquaculture button crab as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (5), the micro-ridge line-spacing of said large-ridge double-row is controlled to be 17-23cm, and big ridge line-spacing is controlled to be 37-43cm.
8. the method for paddy field aquaculture button crab as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (6), said waterweed is selected in the plantation in summer, and the plant of said waterweed is adopted the cropping pattern of row strain equidistance.
9. the method for paddy field aquaculture button crab as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (7), adopts 18-23g/m when the said button crab young is put in a suitable place to breed
3Potassium permanganate dipping bath 5～10min.
10. the method for paddy field aquaculture button crab as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (8), regularly spills quicklime after the said button crab young is put in a suitable place to breed and the pharmaceutical chemistry of regularly throwing something and feeding; The said quicklime that regularly spills is that every two weeks to crab ditch month to the rice field spills quicklime one time, and the said amount that spills quicklime is each every mu of 10-15 kilogram; Said regularly throw something and feed pharmaceutical chemistry at the beginning of 7 months with all throw in 6 days pharmaceutical chemistry continuously at the beginning of 9 months, and the dosage of first day every 10kg button crab is 1-1.2g, the dosage of every day is first day half the in second to the 6th day.
11. the method for paddy field aquaculture button crab as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (9), throwing something and feeding of said button crab is every day fixed point, the bait of throwing something and feeding one time regularly, the 3%-5% of TBW when feeding volume is put in a suitable place to breed for the button crab; The pellet of before mid-August to mid-September, throwing something and feeding of throwing something and feeding of said button crab, the green fodder of after mid-August to mid-September, throwing something and feeding.
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