CN106982687B - Rice and crab symbiotic planting and breeding method - Google Patents
Rice and crab symbiotic planting and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106982687B CN106982687B CN201710196128.3A CN201710196128A CN106982687B CN 106982687 B CN106982687 B CN 106982687B CN 201710196128 A CN201710196128 A CN 201710196128A CN 106982687 B CN106982687 B CN 106982687B
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding, in particular to a symbiotic breeding method of rice and crabs; the method comprises the following steps: modifying a pond, treating the pond, culturing bait, culturing crab seedlings, performing daily management on the crab seedlings, planting rice, performing field management on the rice, and culturing river crabs; the invention forms the micro ecological circle of rice, river crab, purple potato and/or purple perilla, various aquatic plants and aquatic animals, realizes mutual supply and mutual support of nutrient substances, effectively ensures the yield increase of the rice and the river crab, reduces the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to the minimum in the symbiotic environment of the rice and the river crab through mutual coordination and control among the ecological circles, reduces the pollution to the environment, simultaneously ensures that the planted rice and the river crab are safe and hormone-free, and accords with the idea that people pursue green food.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding, in particular to a symbiotic breeding method of rice and crabs.
Background
With the continuous innovation of modern agricultural technology, agricultural planting and aquaculture are combined with each other and reasonably combined, and the shallow water environment of the rice field is utilized to plant rice and simultaneously culture aquatic products, so that the method is a production mode for organically combining agricultural planting and aquaculture, and is an important technical measure for developing ecological agriculture and improving the comprehensive benefit of the rice field. The aquatic products can be obtained, the cultivated aquatic products can be used for eating pests and weeds in the rice field, excreting excrement, and turning over soil to promote the decomposition of fertilizers, so that good conditions are created for rice production; in recent years, due to the stimulation of market economy and the brave exploration of aquaculture science and technology workers, the pond culture technology of various aquaculture organisms is transplanted to a rice field and is properly reformed, so that the content of the culture aquaculture aquatic theory of the traditional rice field is greatly enriched, a modern rice field fish culture theory new framework utilized by the ecological fishery of the rice field is formed, the rice culture technology and the aquaculture technology are driven to revolute, and the popularization of the rice field aquaculture new technology has wide and profound significance and effect.
The river crab is named as the eriocheir sinensis, belongs to a precious and fresh water product, is delicious in taste, rich in nutrition and high in economic value, is rich in vitamin A and riboflavin, promotes growth and prolongs life, maintains the health of epithelial cells, and enhances the resistance of a human body to infectious diseases, and is recorded in compendium of materia Medica: river crab has effects of relieving rigidity of muscles and invigorating qi, regulating stomach and resolving food stagnation, dredging channels and collaterals, dispelling heat, dispelling blood stasis, and nourishing yin, and crab meat is salty and cold in taste, has effects of clearing heat, dispelling blood stasis, and nourishing yin, and can be used for treating traumatic injury, tendon injury fracture, and allergic dermatitis. The crab shell is calcined and added with honey, and can be used for treating wasp sting or other innominate inflammatory swelling by external application, and the crab meat has better curative effect on various cancers; the method has wide market and prospect at home and abroad, introduces river crabs into the rice field to form a brand-new rice and crab cooperative symbiosis new mode, and practices prove that the rice and crab symbiosis mode has very important social significance for accelerating the change of agricultural development modes, promoting the development of modern agriculture, providing high-quality and safe grain and aquatic products for society, improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and increasing the income of farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a symbiotic planting and breeding method of rice and crabs to solve the technical problems.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a rice and crab symbiotic planting and breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a circular ditch in the pond at the position 3m away from the ridge of the pond around the pond, wherein the width of the bottom of the circular ditch is 60 ~ 80cm, the width of the upper bottom of the circular ditch is 110 ~ 130cm, and the depth of the circular ditch is 50 ~ 80cm to obtain a culture ditch, and digging a cross ditch or a Chinese character 'zi' ditch in the middle of the pond, wherein the soil in the pond also contains 20 ~ 30% of river silt;
(2) pond treatment, namely draining water of a pond in the first ten days of 2 months, deeply turning over soil of the pond, drying the soil in the sun for 5 ~ 7d in sunny days, deeply turning over the soil for the second time in the first ten days of march, simultaneously scattering quicklime according to the amount of 150 ~ 200 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the quicklime with the soil, naturally placing the mixture for 7 ~ 10d, then feeding the mixture into the pond until the water depth is 9 ~ 11cm, and applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 200 ~ 250 kg/mu;
(3) bait culture, namely fertilizing for 10 ~ 15d, planting aquatic plants on the water surface of the culture ditch, fixing the aquatic plants into a belt shape by using a bamboo-rod polyethylene rope, and then putting naturally-caught aquatic animals according to the amount of 5 ~ 30 kg/mu;
(4) crab seedling cultivation, namely temporarily cultivating the crabs in a natural water body by using a bamboo-wood or steel-frame plastic screen plate structure, wherein the length of the temporarily cultivating box is 2 ~ 3m, the width of the temporarily cultivating box is 1.5 ~ 2.5.5 m, the height of the temporarily cultivating box is 1 ~ 1.4.4 m, a plastic window screen is lined in the temporarily cultivating box, the water depth of the crab box is adjusted by using ropes and pulleys, the crab seedlings are placed into the temporarily cultivating box according to the standard of 15 ~ 25 kg/cubic meter, and special feed is regularly put into the crab seedlings;
(5) daily management of crab larvae, namely stirring water around the temporary rearing box for 2 times every day to promote water body exchange inside and outside the temporary rearing box, checking the temporary rearing box away from water body every 3 ~ 4 days, washing the box body with clear water, removing residual baits such as diseased crabs and legged crabs, and taking out and treating in time;
(6) planting rice, namely selecting reed rice seedlings with thick stems, developed root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests and the leaf age of 3 leaves ~ 4 in the middle ten days of 5 months, manually transplanting the reed rice seedlings to the flat position of the bottom of the pond, wherein the row spacing is 0.5 ~ 0.6.6 m multiplied by 0.5 ~ 0.6.6 m, planting is carried out in a shape like a Chinese character 'ri' or a Chinese character 'tian', 1 ~ 3 plants are planted in each hole, the planting area is 50% of the water surface of the pond, and the water level is adjusted to 8 ~ 10 cm;
(7) in the field management of the rice, the water level of the pond surface is adjusted to be 8 ~ 12cm within 5 days after the rice is planted, and then the water level is gradually increased according to the plant height and the cultivation production needs of the rice, wherein the water level is subject to the condition that heart leaves are not submerged, and the disease and insect pest control is carried out on the rice;
(8) and (3) river crab cultivation, namely selecting crab seedlings which are strong in physique, strong in vitality, complete in eight feet and free of damage and diseases to put in 6 middle-aged ten days, putting in the crab seedlings according to the amount of 1.8 ~ 2 kg/mu, and putting in special river crab feed regularly.
Further, according to the symbiotic planting and breeding method of the rice and the crabs, anti-escape nets are arranged on the periphery of the pond and the water inlet/outlet, and a piece of nylon wire is longitudinally and/or transversely pulled above the pond every 0.8 ~ 1 m.
Furthermore, the symbiotic planting and breeding method of rice and crabs is characterized in that purple perilla and/or purple sweet potatoes are planted on the ridges of the pond.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure, earthworm powder, a gasket material and a compound fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 0.6 ~ 0.9.9: 0.1 ~ 0.3.3: 0.2 ~ 0.3.3: 0.4 ~ 0.6.6, crushing, and fermenting for more than 15 days at the temperature of 55 ~ 65 ℃ and the relative humidity of 35 ~ 45%, wherein the pH value of a fermentation body is adjusted to 5.5 ~ 6 in the process.
Further, the aquatic plant comprises waterweed, curly pondweed, hornwort, hydrilla verticillata, duckweed, water lettuce and water peanut.
Furthermore, the aquatic animals comprise snails, rotifers, mussels and tubificidae.
Furthermore, the special feed comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 10 ~ 20 parts of fish meal, 8 ~ 20 parts of blood meal, 2 ~ 8 parts of soybeans, 12 ~ 18 parts of cottonseed cakes, 12 ~ 18 parts of wheat flour, 3 ~ 12 parts of vinasse, 3 ~ 10 parts of tea residues, 12 ~ 18 parts of purple sweet potatoes, 10 ~ 20 parts of apple peel powder, 10 ~ 20 parts of pineapple peel powder, 0.8 ~ 2.5.5 parts of multivitamins, 1.1 ~ 1.8.8 parts of polyminerals and 1 ~ 5 parts of table salt.
Further, in the crab larva breeding, when the water temperature for survival of the crab larva is above 10 ℃, the feeding amount of the special feed is 5 ~ 7% of the total mass of the crab larva, and when the water temperature is 5 ~ 10 ℃, the feeding amount of the special feed is 3 ~ 5% of the total mass of the crab larva.
Further, in different periods of river crab growth, the special feed comprises the following crude protein contents of first molting of river crabs, second molting of which the crude protein content is 35 ~ 36%, 32 ~ 33%, third molting of which the crude protein content is 30%, and fourth molting of which the crude protein content is 40% and the crude fat content is more than 5%.
Further, the pest control is carried out by mixing herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, herba Lysimachiae Christinae, herba abri and Omphalia at 5d after planting, decocting in water for 40 ~ 50min, filtering, diluting, bottling, and spraying on the rice field.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention forms a micro ecological circle of rice, river crabs, purple sweet potatoes and/or purple perilla, a plurality of aquatic plants and aquatic animals, realizes mutual supply and mutual support of nutrient substances, effectively ensures the yield increase of the rice and the river crabs through a series of scientific and reasonable steps of pond transformation, pond treatment, bait culture, crab seedling cultivation, daily management of the crab seedlings, rice planting, rice field management and river crab cultivation, reduces the usage rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to the minimum in the symbiotic environment of the rice and the river crabs through mutual coordination and control among the ecological circles, reduces the pollution to the environment, simultaneously ensures that the planted rice and the river crabs are safe and hormone-free, and accords with the idea of pursuing green foods by people.
The method has the advantages that the symbiotic large-scale production of the rice and the crabs is realized through the transformation of the pond, a self-sufficient and mutually-supported micro ecological circle is formed, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and the edible safety of the planted rice and the cultured river crabs is ensured.
The method is characterized in that a certain amount of river silt is added into a pond, the growth of rice and river crabs is effectively promoted through microorganisms and rich nutrition in the silt, meanwhile, soil in the pond is illuminated and quicklime is sprayed, insect eggs and germs of the soil are effectively killed, the environmental safety of the roots of the rice and the river crabs is guaranteed, the survival rate is improved, the nutrition of a water body is increased through the addition of decomposed organic fertilizer, the growth of the rice and the river crabs is effectively guaranteed, the production increase of the rice and the river crabs is guaranteed, and bait culture is carried out on the river crabs in the water body, so that on one hand, sufficient nutrition can be provided for the river crabs, the growth of the river crabs is promoted, on the other hand, sufficient nutrition can be provided for the rice through excrement, and meanwhile, the purpose of improving the water quality can be achieved; by cultivating the juvenile crabs, the stress capacity and the adaptability to the environment of the river crabs can be effectively improved, the stress resistance is improved, after the juvenile crabs are thrown into a pond, the juvenile crabs can adapt to the environment more quickly, the disease rate of the river crabs is reduced, and the survival rate of the river crabs is effectively improved.
By controlling the diseases and pests of the rice and the water body, pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the rice can be effectively killed, the breeding of pathogens in the water body is avoided, meanwhile, the invasion of bacteria and viruses to river crab seedlings can be reduced, the survival rate of the river crabs can be effectively improved, meanwhile, the adopted preparation is prepared by adopting traditional Chinese medicines, the effect is obvious, no pollution is caused to the rice and the water body, and the beneficial components in the traditional Chinese medicines can promote the growth of the river crabs and enhance the physique;
when the river crab feed is put in, the crude protein and fat content in the feed are adjusted according to the physiological condition and the nutritional requirement condition of the river crab in different shelling periods, so that the growth requirement of the river crab is effectively met, the survival rate of the river crab is improved, the increase of the unit weight of the river crab is realized, and the economic benefit of farmers is improved.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A rice and crab symbiotic planting and breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) pool transformation: digging a circular ditch in the pond at a position 3m away from the pond ridge around the pond, wherein the width of the bottom of the circular ditch is 60cm, the width of the upper bottom of the circular ditch is 110cm, and the depth of the circular ditch is 50cm to obtain a culture ditch, digging a cross ditch or a Chinese character 'er' ditch in the middle of the pond, wherein soil in the pond also contains 20% of river silt, arranging escape-proof nets around the pond and at the water inlet/outlet, and longitudinally and/or transversely pulling a nylon wire at intervals of 0.8m above the pond;
(2) pond treatment, namely draining water of a pond in the first ten days of 2 months, deeply turning over soil of the pond, drying the soil in the sun for 5 ~ 7d in sunny days, deeply turning over the soil for the second time in the first ten days of March, simultaneously scattering quicklime according to the amount of 150 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the quicklime with the soil, naturally placing the mixture for 7 ~ 10d, then feeding the mixture into the pond until the water depth is 9cm, and applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 200 kg/mu;
wherein, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure, earthworm powder, a gasket material and a compound fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 0.6: 0.1: 0.2: mixing at a mass ratio of 0.4, pulverizing, and fermenting at 55 deg.C under 35% relative humidity for 15 days or more, while adjusting pH of the fermented product to 5.5;
(3) bait culture, namely fertilizing for 10 ~ 15d, planting aquatic plants on the water surface of the culture ditch, fixing the aquatic plants into a belt shape by using a bamboo-rod polyethylene rope, and putting naturally-caught aquatic animals according to the amount of 5 kg/mu;
(4) crab seedling cultivation, namely temporarily cultivating the crabs in a natural water body by using a bamboo-wood or steel-frame plastic net plate structure, wherein the length of the temporarily cultivating box is 2 ~ 3m, the width of the temporarily cultivating box is 1.5 ~ 2.5.5 m, the height of the temporarily cultivating box is 1 ~ 1.4.4 m, a plastic window screen is lined, the water depth of the crab box is adjusted by using ropes and pulleys, putting the crabs into the temporarily cultivating box according to the standard of 15 kg/cubic meter, and regularly putting special feed into the temporarily cultivating box, wherein when the temperature of a water body for survival of the crabs is more than 10 ℃, the putting amount of the special feed is 5 percent of the total mass of the crabs, and when the temperature of the water body is 5 ℃, the putting amount of the special feed is 3 percent of the total mass of the crabs;
the special feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10kg of fish meal, 8kg of blood meal, 2kg of soybean, 12kg of cottonseed cake, 12kg of wheat flour, 3kg of vinasse, 3kg of tea residue, 12kg of purple sweet potato, 10kg of apple peel powder, 10kg of pineapple peel powder, 0.8kg of multivitamin, 1.1kg of polymineral and 1kg of salt;
(5) daily management of crab larvae, namely stirring water around the temporary rearing box for 2 times every day to promote water body exchange inside and outside the temporary rearing box, checking the temporary rearing box away from water body every 3 ~ 4 days, washing the box body with clear water, removing residual baits such as diseased crabs and legged crabs, and taking out and treating in time;
(6) planting rice, namely selecting reed rice seedlings with thick stems, developed root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests and 3 leaves of ~ 4 leaves in the middle ten days of 5 months, manually transplanting the reed rice seedlings to a flat position at the bottom of a pond, wherein the row spacing is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, planting is carried out in a shape like a Chinese character 'ri' or a Chinese character 'tian', 1 ~ 3 plants are planted in each hole, the planting area is 50% of the water surface of the pond, and the water level is adjusted to 8 cm;
(7) and (3) rice field management: adjusting the water level of the pond surface to 8cm within 5 days after the rice is planted, then gradually increasing the water level according to the plant height of the rice and the cultivation production requirement, wherein the water level is controlled not to submerge heart leaves, and performing pest control on the rice, namely mixing the oldenlandia diffusa, the desmodium, the abrus cantoniensis hance and the omphalia in the quality of water for decocting for 40min after 5 days of the rice planting, filtering, diluting, bottling, and spraying on the paddy field;
(8) and (3) river crab culture: in 6 middle-aged months, crab seedlings which are strong in physique, strong in vitality, complete in eight feet and free of injury and disease are selected to be put in, the crab seedlings are put in according to the amount of 1.8 kg/mu, and special feed for river crabs is put in regularly;
in different growth periods of the river crabs, the contents of crude proteins are as follows: the river crab molts for the first time, and the content of crude protein in the special feed is 35 percent; the second molting, the crude protein content in the special feed is 32%; the third molting, the crude protein content in the special feed is 30%; and in the fourth molting, the content of crude protein in the special feed is 40 percent, and the content of crude fat is more than 5 percent.
Example 2
A rice and crab symbiotic planting and breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) pool transformation: digging a circular ditch in the pond at a position 3m away from the pond ridge around the pond, wherein the bottom of the circular ditch is 80cm wide, the top of the circular ditch is 130cm wide, and the ditch is 80cm deep to obtain a culture ditch, and digging a cross ditch or a Chinese character 'er' ditch in the middle of the pond, wherein soil in the pond also contains 30% of river silt, anti-escape nets are arranged around the pond and at the water inlet/outlet, and a nylon wire is longitudinally and/or transversely pulled at intervals of 1m above the pond;
(2) pond treatment, namely draining water of a pond in the last ten days of 2 months, deeply turning over soil of the pond, drying the soil for 7 days in the sunny weather, deeply turning over the soil for the second time in the last ten days of march, simultaneously scattering quicklime according to the amount of 200 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the quicklime with the soil, naturally placing the mixture for 7 ~ 10 days, then feeding the mixture into the pond until the depth of the pond is 11cm, and applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 250 kg/mu;
wherein, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure, earthworm powder, a gasket material and a compound fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 0.9: 0.3: 0.3: mixing at a mass ratio of 0.6, pulverizing, and fermenting at 65 deg.C under 45% relative humidity for 15 days or more while adjusting pH of the fermented product to 6;
(3) bait culture, namely fertilizing for 10 ~ 15d, planting aquatic plants on the water surface of the culture ditch, fixing the aquatic plants into a belt shape by using a bamboo-rod polyethylene rope, and putting naturally-caught aquatic animals according to the amount of 30 kg/mu;
(4) crab seedling cultivation, namely temporarily cultivating the crabs in a natural water body by using a bamboo-wood or steel-frame plastic net plate structure, wherein the length of the temporarily cultivating box is 2 ~ 3m, the width of the temporarily cultivating box is 1.5 ~ 2.5.5 m, the height of the temporarily cultivating box is 1 ~ 1.4.4 m, a plastic window screen is lined, the water depth of the crab box is adjusted by using ropes and pulleys, putting the crabs into the temporarily cultivating box according to the standard of 25 kg/cubic meter, and regularly putting special feed into the temporarily cultivating box, wherein when the temperature of the water body for the survival of the crabs is more than 10 ℃, the putting amount of the special feed is 7 percent of the total mass of the crabs, and when the temperature of the water body is 10 ℃, the putting amount of the special feed is 5 percent of the total mass of the;
the special feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of fish meal, 20kg of blood meal, 8kg of soybean, 18kg of cottonseed cake, 18kg of wheat flour, 12kg of vinasse, 10kg of tea residue, 18kg of purple sweet potato, 20kg of apple peel powder, 20kg of pineapple peel powder, 2.5kg of multivitamin, 1.8kg of polymineral and 5kg of salt;
(5) daily management of crab larvae, namely stirring water around the temporary rearing box for 2 times every day to promote water body exchange inside and outside the temporary rearing box, checking the temporary rearing box away from water body every 3 ~ 4 days, washing the box body with clear water, removing residual baits such as diseased crabs and legged crabs, and taking out and treating in time;
(6) planting rice, namely selecting reed rice seedlings with thick stems, developed root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests and 3 leaves of ~ 4 leaves in the middle ten days of 5 months, manually transplanting the reed rice seedlings to a flat position at the bottom of a pond, wherein the row spacing is 0.6 multiplied by 0.6m, planting is carried out in a shape like a Chinese character 'ri' or a Chinese character 'tian', 1 ~ 3 plants are planted in each hole, the planting area is 50% of the water surface of the pond, and the water level is adjusted to 10 cm;
(7) and (3) rice field management: adjusting the water level of the pond surface to 12cm within 5 days after the rice is planted, then gradually increasing the water level according to the plant height of the rice and the cultivation production requirement, wherein the water level is controlled not to submerge heart leaves, and performing pest control on the rice, namely mixing the oldenlandia diffusa, the desmodium, the abrus cantoniensis hance and the omphalia in the quality of the mixture after 5 days of the rice planting, adding water for decocting for 50min, filtering, diluting, bottling, and spraying the paddy field;
(8) and (3) river crab culture: in 6 middle-aged months, crab seedlings which are strong in physique, strong in vitality, complete in eight feet and free of injury and disease are selected to be put in, the crab seedlings are put in according to the amount of 2 kg/mu, and special river crab feed is put in periodically;
in different growth periods of the river crabs, the contents of crude proteins are as follows: the river crab molts for the first time, and the content of crude protein in the special feed is 36 percent; the second molting, the crude protein content in the special feed is 33%; the third molting, the crude protein content in the special feed is 30%; and in the fourth molting, the content of crude protein in the special feed is 40 percent, and the content of crude fat is more than 5 percent.
Example 3
A rice and crab symbiotic planting and breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) pool transformation: digging a circular ditch in the pond at a position 3m away from the pond ridge around the pond, wherein the width of the bottom of the circular ditch is 70cm, the width of the upper bottom of the circular ditch is 120cm, and the depth of the circular ditch is 70cm to obtain a culture ditch, digging a cross ditch or a Chinese character 'er' ditch in the middle of the pond, wherein soil in the pond also contains 25% of river silt, arranging escape-proof nets around the pond and at the water inlet/outlet, and longitudinally and/or transversely pulling a nylon wire at intervals of 0.9m above the pond;
(2) pond treatment, namely draining water of a pond in the first ten days of 2 months, deeply turning over soil of the pond, drying the soil in the sun for 5 ~ 7d in sunny days, deeply turning over the soil for the second time in the first ten days of March, simultaneously scattering quick lime according to the amount of 180 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the quick lime with the soil, naturally placing the mixture for 7 ~ 10d, then feeding the mixture into the pond until the water depth is 10cm, and applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 230 kg/mu;
wherein, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure, earthworm powder, a gasket material and a compound fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 0.7: 0.2: 0.25: mixing at a mass ratio of 0.5, pulverizing, and fermenting at 60 deg.C under 40% relative humidity for 15 days or more, while adjusting pH of the fermented product to 6;
(3) bait culture, namely fertilizing for 10 ~ 15d, planting aquatic plants on the water surface of the culture ditch, fixing the aquatic plants into a belt shape by using a bamboo-rod polyethylene rope, and putting naturally-caught aquatic animals according to the amount of 18 kg/mu;
(4) crab seedling cultivation, namely temporarily cultivating the crabs in a natural water body by using a bamboo-wood or steel-frame plastic net plate structure, wherein the length of the temporarily cultivating box is 2 ~ 3m, the width of the temporarily cultivating box is 1.5 ~ 2.5.5 m, the height of the temporarily cultivating box is 1 ~ 1.4.4 m, a plastic window screen is lined, the water depth of the crab box is adjusted by using ropes and pulleys, the crab seedlings are put into the temporarily cultivating box according to the standard of 20 kg/cubic meter, and special feed is regularly put in the crab seedlings, when the temperature of the water body where the crab seedlings live is more than 10 ℃, the putting amount of the special feed is 6 percent of the total mass of the crab seedlings, and when the temperature of the water body is 8 ℃, the putting amount of the special feed is 4 percent of the total mass of;
the special feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of fish meal, 13kg of blood meal, 6kg of soybean, 15kg of cottonseed cake, 15kg of wheat flour, 8kg of vinasse, 7kg of tea residue, 15kg of purple sweet potato, 15kg of apple peel powder, 15kg of pineapple peel powder, 1.3kg of multivitamin, 1.5kg of polymineral and 3kg of salt;
(5) daily management of crab larvae, namely stirring water around the temporary rearing box for 2 times every day to promote water body exchange inside and outside the temporary rearing box, checking the temporary rearing box away from water body every 3 ~ 4 days, washing the box body with clear water, removing residual baits such as diseased crabs and legged crabs, and taking out and treating in time;
(6) planting rice, namely selecting reed rice seedlings with thick stems, developed root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests and 3 leaves of ~ 4 leaves in the middle ten days of 5 months, manually transplanting the reed rice seedlings to a flat position at the bottom of a pond, wherein the row spacing is 0.55m multiplied by 0.55m, planting is carried out in a shape like a Chinese character 'ri' or a Chinese character 'tian', 1 ~ 3 plants are planted in each hole, the planting area is 50% of the water surface of the pond, and the water level is adjusted to 9 cm;
(7) and (3) rice field management: adjusting the water level of the pond surface to 10cm within 5 days after the rice is planted, then gradually increasing the water level according to the plant height of the rice and the cultivation production requirement, wherein the water level is controlled not to submerge heart leaves, and performing pest control on the rice, namely mixing the oldenlandia diffusa, the desmodium, the abrus cantoniensis hance and the omphalia in quality after 5 days of the rice planting, adding water for decocting for 45min, filtering, diluting, bottling, and spraying on the paddy field;
(8) and (3) river crab culture: in 6 middle-aged months, crab seedlings which are strong in physique, strong in vitality, complete in eight feet and free of injury and disease are selected to be put in, the crab seedlings are put in according to the amount of 1.9 kg/mu, and special feed for river crabs is put in regularly;
in different growth periods of the river crabs, the contents of crude proteins are as follows: the river crab molts for the first time, and the content of crude protein in the special feed is 35.5 percent; the second molting, the crude protein content in the special feed is 32.5%; the third molting, the crude protein content in the special feed is 30%; and in the fourth molting, the content of crude protein in the special feed is 40 percent, and the content of crude fat is more than 5 percent.
Example 4
A rice and crab symbiotic planting and breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) pool transformation: digging a circular ditch in the pond at a position 3m away from the pond ridge around the pond, wherein the width of the bottom of the circular ditch is 60cm, the width of the upper bottom of the circular ditch is 110cm, and the depth of the circular ditch is 80cm to obtain a culture ditch, digging a cross ditch or a Chinese character 'er' ditch in the middle of the pond, wherein soil in the pond also contains 30% of river silt, arranging escape-proof nets around the pond and at the water inlet/outlet, and longitudinally and/or transversely pulling a nylon wire at intervals of 0.8m above the pond;
(2) pond treatment, namely draining water of a pond in the first ten days of 2 months, deeply turning over soil of the pond, drying the pond in the sun for 5 ~ 7d in sunny days, deeply turning over the soil for the second time in the first ten days of March, simultaneously scattering quicklime according to the amount of 150 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the quicklime with the soil, naturally placing the mixture for 7 ~ 10d, then feeding the mixture into the pond until the water depth is 11cm, and applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 200 kg/mu;
wherein, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure, earthworm powder, a gasket material and a compound fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 0.6: 0.3: 0.2: mixing at a mass ratio of 0.6, pulverizing, and fermenting at 55 deg.C under a relative humidity of 45% for 15 days or more, while adjusting pH of the fermented product to 5.5;
(3) bait culture, namely fertilizing for 10 ~ 15d, planting aquatic plants on the water surface of the culture ditch, fixing the aquatic plants into a belt shape by using a bamboo-rod polyethylene rope, and putting naturally-caught aquatic animals according to the amount of 5 kg/mu;
(4) crab seedling cultivation, namely temporarily cultivating the crabs in a natural water body by using a bamboo-wood or steel-frame plastic net plate structure, wherein the length of the temporarily cultivating box is 2 ~ 3m, the width of the temporarily cultivating box is 1.5 ~ 2.5.5 m, the height of the temporarily cultivating box is 1 ~ 1.4.4 m, a plastic window screen is lined, the water depth of the crab box is adjusted by using ropes and pulleys, the crab seedlings are put into the temporarily cultivating box according to the standard of 25 kg/cubic meter, and special feed is regularly put in the crab seedlings, when the temperature of the water body where the crab seedlings live is more than 10 ℃, the putting amount of the special feed is 7 percent of the total mass of the crab seedlings, and when the temperature of the water body is 5 ℃, the putting amount of the special feed is 3 percent of the total mass of;
the special feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10kg of fish meal, 8kg of blood meal, 8kg of soybean, 18kg of cottonseed cake, 18kg of wheat flour, 3kg of vinasse, 10kg of tea residue, 12kg of purple sweet potato, 20kg of apple peel powder, 10kg of pineapple peel powder, 2.5kg of multivitamin, 1.8kg of polymineral and 3kg of salt;
(5) daily management of crab larvae, namely stirring water around the temporary rearing box for 2 times every day to promote water body exchange inside and outside the temporary rearing box, checking the temporary rearing box away from water body every 3 ~ 4 days, washing the box body with clear water, removing residual baits such as diseased crabs and legged crabs, and taking out and treating in time;
(6) planting rice, namely selecting reed rice seedlings with thick stems, developed root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests and 3 leaves of ~ 4 leaves in the middle ten days of 5 months, manually transplanting the reed rice seedlings to a flat position at the bottom of a pond, wherein the row spacing is 0.5m multiplied by 0.6m, planting is carried out in a shape like a Chinese character 'ri' or a Chinese character 'tian', 1 ~ 3 plants are planted in each hole, the planting area is 50% of the water surface of the pond, and the water level is adjusted to 10 cm;
(7) the field management of the rice comprises the steps of adjusting the water level of the pond surface to be 8 ~ 12cm within 5 days after the rice is planted, then gradually increasing the water level according to the plant height and the cultivation production needs of the rice, controlling the diseases and insect pests of the rice based on the fact that heart leaves are not submerged, mixing the oldenlandia diffusa, the lysimachia christinae hance, the abrus cantoniensis hance and the omphalia in quality after the 5 days of the rice planting, adding water for decocting for 40min, filtering, diluting, bottling, and spraying the paddy field;
(8) and (3) river crab culture: in 6 middle-aged months, crab seedlings which are strong in physique, strong in vitality, complete in eight feet and free of injury and disease are selected to be put in, the crab seedlings are put in according to the amount of 2 kg/mu, and special river crab feed is put in periodically;
in different growth periods of the river crabs, the contents of crude proteins are as follows: the river crab molts for the first time, and the content of crude protein in the special feed is 35 percent; the second molting, the crude protein content in the special feed is 33%; the third molting, the crude protein content in the special feed is 30%; and in the fourth molting, the content of crude protein in the special feed is 40 percent, and the content of crude fat is more than 5 percent.
Example 5
A rice and crab symbiotic planting and breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) pool transformation: digging a circular ditch in the pond at a position 3m away from the pond ridge around the pond, wherein the width of the bottom of the circular ditch is 60cm, the width of the upper bottom of the circular ditch is 110cm, and the depth of the circular ditch is 50cm to obtain a culture ditch, digging a cross ditch or a Chinese character 'er' ditch in the middle of the pond, wherein soil in the pond also contains 30% of river silt, arranging escape-proof nets around the pond and at the water inlet/outlet, and longitudinally and/or transversely pulling a nylon wire at intervals of 0.8m above the pond;
(2) pond treatment, namely draining water of a pond in the first ten days of 2 months, deeply turning over soil of the pond, drying the soil in the sun for 5 ~ 7d in sunny days, deeply turning over the soil for the second time in the first ten days of march, simultaneously scattering quicklime according to the amount of 150 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the quicklime with the soil, naturally placing the mixture for 7 ~ 10d, then feeding the mixture into the pond until the water depth is 9cm, and applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 250 kg/mu;
wherein, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure, earthworm powder, a gasket material and a compound fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 0.6: 0.2: 0.3: mixing at a mass ratio of 0.4, pulverizing, and fermenting at 65 deg.C under 35% relative humidity for 15 days or more, while adjusting pH of the fermented product to 5.5;
(3) bait culture, namely fertilizing for 10 ~ 15d, planting aquatic plants on the water surface of the culture ditch, fixing the aquatic plants into a belt shape by using a bamboo-rod polyethylene rope, and putting naturally-caught aquatic animals according to the amount of 30 kg/mu;
(4) crab seedling cultivation, namely temporarily cultivating the crabs in a natural water body by using a bamboo-wood or steel-frame plastic net plate structure, wherein the length of the temporarily cultivating box is 2 ~ 3m, the width of the temporarily cultivating box is 1.5 ~ 2.5.5 m, the height of the temporarily cultivating box is 1 ~ 1.4.4 m, a plastic window screen is lined, the water depth of the crab box is adjusted by using ropes and pulleys, putting the crabs into the temporarily cultivating box according to the standard of 25 kg/cubic meter, and regularly putting special feed into the temporarily cultivating box, wherein when the temperature of the water body for the survival of the crabs is more than 10 ℃, the putting amount of the special feed is 5 percent of the total mass of the crabs, and when the temperature of the water body is 10 ℃, the putting amount of the special feed is 5 percent of the total mass of the;
the special feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10kg of fish meal, 20kg of blood meal, 8kg of soybean, 18kg of cottonseed cake, 18kg of wheat flour, 12kg of vinasse, 10kg of tea residue, 12kg of purple sweet potato, 20kg of apple peel powder, 10kg of pineapple peel powder, 2.5kg of multivitamin, 1.1kg of polymineral and 1kg of salt;
(5) daily management of crab larvae, namely stirring water around the temporary rearing box for 2 times every day to promote water body exchange inside and outside the temporary rearing box, checking the temporary rearing box away from water body every 3 ~ 4 days, washing the box body with clear water, removing residual baits such as diseased crabs and legged crabs, and taking out and treating in time;
(6) planting rice, namely selecting reed rice seedlings with thick stems, developed root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests and 3 leaves of ~ 4 leaves in the middle ten days of 5 months, manually transplanting the reed rice seedlings to a flat position at the bottom of a pond, wherein the row spacing is 0.6 multiplied by 0.5m, planting is carried out in a shape like a Chinese character 'ri' or a Chinese character 'tian', 1 ~ 3 plants are planted in each hole, the planting area is 50% of the water surface of the pond, and the water level is adjusted to 10 cm;
(7) and (3) rice field management: adjusting the water level of the pond surface to 8cm within 5 days after the rice is planted, then gradually increasing the water level according to the plant height of the rice and the cultivation production requirement, wherein the water level is controlled not to submerge heart leaves, and performing pest control on the rice, namely mixing the oldenlandia diffusa, the desmodium, the abrus cantoniensis hance and the omphalia in the quality of water for decocting for 40min after 5 days of the rice planting, filtering, diluting, bottling, and spraying on the paddy field;
(8) and (3) river crab culture: in 6 middle-aged months, crab seedlings which are strong in physique, strong in vitality, complete in eight feet and free of injury and disease are selected to be put in, the crab seedlings are put in according to the amount of 1.8 kg/mu, and special feed for river crabs is put in regularly;
in different growth periods of the river crabs, the contents of crude proteins are as follows: the river crab molts for the first time, and the content of crude protein in the special feed is 36 percent; the second molting, the crude protein content in the special feed is 32%; the third molting, the crude protein content in the special feed is 30%; and in the fourth molting, the content of crude protein in the special feed is 40 percent, and the content of crude fat is more than 5 percent.
Example 6
The rice was planted by referring to the planting method of example 1, except that no river crab was thrown for cultivation.
Example 7
Referring to the planting and breeding method of example 1, except that the step of culturing the juvenile crabs in the step (4) is eliminated, commercial juvenile crabs are directly cultured in the pond.
Example 8
Referring to the planting and breeding method of example 1, the difference is that when the feed is put in the growth period of the river crab, the feed is not put in the raw protein content requirement of the invention in different periods.
Examples of the experiments
1. Randomly selecting fertile soil with the same soil property for 2 mu, adopting the planting and breeding method of the invention for the test group, adopting the traditional method for breeding crabs in the rice field for the control group, respectively comparing the planting and breeding conditions of the two groups, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Description of the drawings: the paddy rice planted by the novel paddy field planting and breeding technology is increased by 54.8 kg/mu compared with a control paddy field, and the average grain number/spike is increased by 14 grains compared with a control group.
2. Randomly selecting 6 mu of soil with the same soil attribute and fertile soil, respectively transforming the first five mu of soil according to the method of the embodiment 1 ~ 5, planting, taking the last mu of soil as a control group, performing according to a traditional method for culturing crabs in rice, and respectively counting the conditions of 6 mu of river crabs and rice, wherein crab seedlings are thrown in the amount of 1.8 kg/mu, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
3. Taking example 1 and example 6 ~ 8 as examples, 4 acres of fertile soil with the same soil attribute are randomly selected, the operations are respectively carried out according to example 1 and example 6 ~ 8, the statistics on the conditions in the fertile soil are respectively carried out, wherein the crab seedlings are thrown in the amount of 1.8 kg/acre, and the results are respectively shown in tables 3, 4 and 5:
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
Claims (6)
1. A rice and crab symbiotic planting and breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) digging a circular ditch in the pond at the position 3m away from the ridge of the pond around the pond, wherein the width of the bottom of the circular ditch is 60 ~ 80cm, the width of the upper bottom of the circular ditch is 110 ~ 130cm, and the depth of the circular ditch is 50 ~ 80cm to obtain a culture ditch, and digging a cross ditch or a Chinese character 'zi' ditch in the middle of the pond, wherein the soil in the pond also contains 20 ~ 30% of river silt;
(2) pond treatment, namely draining water of a pond in the first ten days of 2 months, deeply turning over soil of the pond, drying the soil in the sun for 5 ~ 7d in sunny days, deeply turning over the soil for the second time in the first ten days of march, simultaneously scattering quicklime according to the amount of 150 ~ 200 kg/mu, uniformly mixing the quicklime with the soil, naturally placing the mixture for 7 ~ 10d, then feeding the mixture into the pond until the water depth is 9 ~ 11cm, and applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 200 ~ 250 kg/mu;
(3) bait culture, namely fertilizing for 10 ~ 15d, planting aquatic plants on the water surface of the culture ditch, fixing the aquatic plants into a belt shape by using a bamboo-rod polyethylene rope, and then putting naturally-caught aquatic animals according to the amount of 5 ~ 30 kg/mu;
(4) crab seedling cultivation, namely temporarily cultivating the crabs in a natural water body by using a bamboo-wood or steel-frame plastic screen plate structure, wherein the length of the temporarily cultivating box is 2 ~ 3m, the width of the temporarily cultivating box is 1.5 ~ 2.5.5 m, the height of the temporarily cultivating box is 1 ~ 1.4.4 m, a plastic window screen is lined in the temporarily cultivating box, the water depth of the crab box is adjusted by using ropes and pulleys, the crab seedlings are placed into the temporarily cultivating box according to the standard of 15 ~ 25 kg/cubic meter, and special feed is regularly put into the crab seedlings;
(5) daily management of crab larvae, namely stirring water around the temporary rearing box for 2 times every day to promote water body exchange inside and outside the temporary rearing box, checking the temporary rearing box away from water body every 3 ~ 4 days, washing the box body with clear water, removing residual baits such as diseased crabs and legged crabs, and taking out and treating in time;
(6) planting rice, namely selecting reed rice seedlings with thick stems, developed root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests and the leaf age of 3 leaves ~ 4 in the middle ten days of 5 months, manually transplanting the reed rice seedlings to the flat position of the bottom of the pond, wherein the row spacing is 0.5 ~ 0.6.6 m multiplied by 0.5 ~ 0.6.6 m, planting is carried out in a shape like a Chinese character 'ri' or a Chinese character 'tian', 1 ~ 3 plants are planted in each hole, the planting area is 50% of the water surface of the pond, and the water level is adjusted to 8 ~ 10 cm;
(7) in the field management of the rice, the water level of the pond surface is adjusted to be 8 ~ 12cm within 5 days after the rice is planted, and then the water level is gradually increased according to the plant height and the cultivation production needs of the rice, wherein the water level is subject to the condition that heart leaves are not submerged, and the disease and insect pest control is carried out on the rice;
(8) in the middle ten days of 6 months, crab seedlings which are strong in physique, strong in vitality, complete in eight feet and free of injury and disease are selected to be put in, the crab seedlings are put in according to the amount of 1.8 ~ 2 kg/mu, and special feed for the river crabs is put in periodically;
the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure, earthworm powder, a gasket material and a compound fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 0.6 ~ 0.9.9: 0.1 ~ 0.3.3: 0.2 ~ 0.3.3: 0.4 ~ 0.6.6, crushing, and fermenting for more than 15 days at the temperature of 55 ~ 65 ℃ and the relative humidity of 35 ~ 45%, wherein the pH value of a fermentation body is adjusted to 5.5 ~ 6 during the fermentation;
the special feed comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 10 ~ 20 parts of fish meal, 8 ~ 20 parts of blood meal, 2 ~ 8 parts of soybeans, 12 ~ 18 parts of cottonseed cakes, 12 ~ 18 parts of wheat flour, 3 ~ 12 parts of vinasse, 3 ~ 10 parts of tea residues, 12 ~ 18 parts of purple potatoes, 10 ~ 20 parts of apple peel powder, 10 ~ 20 parts of pineapple peel powder, 0.8 ~ 2.5.5 part of multivitamins, 1.1 ~ 1.8.8 parts of polyminerals and 1 ~ 5 parts of table salt;
the special feed has the following crude protein contents that the river crabs exuviate for the first time, the crude protein content in the special feed is 35 ~ 36%, the crude protein content in the special feed for the second time is 32 ~ 33%, the crude protein content in the special feed for the third time is 30%, the crude protein content in the special feed for the fourth time is 40%, and the crude fat content is more than 5%;
the pest control is carried out by mixing herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, herba Lysimachiae Christinae, herba abri and Omphalia at 5d, decocting in water for 40 ~ 50min, filtering, diluting, bottling, and spraying on rice field.
2. The symbiotic planting and breeding method of rice and crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein escape-proof nets are arranged around the pond and at the water inlet/outlet, and a nylon thread is pulled longitudinally and/or transversely every 0.8 ~ 1m above the pond.
3. The symbiotic planting and breeding method of rice and crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein perilla and/or purple sweet potatoes are planted on the ridges of the pond.
4. The symbiotic cultivation method of rice and crab as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aquatic plants include waterweed, curly pondweed, hornwort, hydrilla verticillata, duckweed, water lettuce, and water peanut.
5. The symbiotic planting and breeding method of rice and crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aquatic animals include snails, rotifers, mussels, and tubificidae.
6. The symbiotic cultivation method of rice and crab as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding amount of the special feed is 5 ~ 7% of the total mass of the crab seedlings when the water temperature for the crab seedlings to live is above 10 ℃, and the feeding amount of the special feed is 3 ~ 5% of the total mass of the crab seedlings when the water temperature is 5 ~ 10 ℃.
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| CN108967084B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-11-10 | 上海海洋大学 | Rice and fish symbiosis-aquaculture coupling composite planting and breeding system and breeding method |
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| CN102783433A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-11-21 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for breeding juvenile crabs in rice fields |
| CN102326520A (en) * | 2011-08-18 | 2012-01-25 | 齐遵利 | New method for cultivating river crab in rice field |
| CN103348890A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-10-16 | 湖北省水产技术推广中心 | Method for comprehensively raising various types of aquatic livestock and cultivating paddy in paddy field |
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