CN111990303A - Method for breeding Australia freshwater crayfishes in paddy field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating Australian freshwater crayfish in a paddy field, comprising the following steps: reinforcing and heightening a paddy field ridge, excavating an annular shrimp breeding ditch along the periphery of the paddy field, setting a water inlet ditch, a drainage ditch and anti-escape facilities; The paddy field is excavated for temporary cultivation; the field water is drained, the fields are dried, and the shrimp farming trench is disinfected; water is added to the shrimp farming trench, bitter grass, black algae are planted, rice seedlings are planted, and shrimp seedlings are put in; the shrimp food is fed regularly and quantitatively. , the shrimp food is placed on the outer periphery of the shrimp raising ditch; the water quality is tested weekly and the water is changed as needed; By planting bitter grass and black algae in the shrimp raising ditch, the invention can reduce the frequency of water exchange, reduce the input of shrimp food, and can also reduce the mutual killing between Australian freshwater crayfish and increase the output of crayfish; The excavation of the annular shrimp farming trench on the periphery is conducive to the material exchange between the shrimp farming trench and the paddy field, thereby increasing the yield of crayfish and rice.

Description

A method of cultivating Australian freshwater crayfish in rice fields

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological culture, and in particular relates to a method for culturing Australian freshwater crayfish in paddy fields.

Background technique

The integrated rice-fishing planting and breeding mainly uses the paddy field space to organically combine rice planting and aquaculture. Through the simple engineering transformation of the paddy field, a rice-fishery symbiosis and mutual promotion system is constructed, so that the rice planting and aquaculture can be coordinated and symbiotic, so as to achieve the Fishing to raise fields, to promote rice by fishing, one water dual use, one field more harvesting goals.

Australian freshwater crayfish, the scientific name is four-ridged light-shelled southern crayfish, belonging to the Decapodidae family, also known as red crayfish, originating in Australia, its shape resembles a sea lobster, and it is the most valuable freshwater economic shrimp in the world. one of the species. The color of the shrimp is brown and green, and the outer top of the claw of the mature male shrimp has a membranous bright red band, which is beautiful and beautiful, so it is also known as the red crayfish. Australian freshwater crayfish are large and plump, with an average weight of 100-200 grams; fast growth and high yield; rich in nutrients, tender meat, smooth and crisp, delicious and sweet, with unique flavor; strong adaptability, can endure harsh climates and environments, in The water temperature is between 5 and 35 ℃, and it can live normally; the diet is mixed, it eats animal feed, artificial feed and humus; the economic benefit is high. Australian freshwater crayfish not only has a high yield, but also has a strong resistance to vitality, which is convenient for long-distance transportation. Fresh and live prawns are very popular in domestic and foreign markets, and are currently very popular in Western countries, Japan and China's Hong Kong and Macao regions.

At present, most of the shrimp in paddy fields are crayfish. The Australian freshwater crayfish paddy field cultivation is temporarily uncultivated due to technical bottlenecks. Lobster is aggressive by nature, and the situation of killing each other among the same kind is very serious, which also leads to the reduction of production. At present, in order to reduce the impact of water quality on production, the method of changing water frequently during the breeding process is generally adopted, but this also causes waste of water resources.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Australian freshwater crayfish in a paddy field to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

A method for cultivating Australian freshwater crayfish in a rice field, comprising the following steps:

(1) Reconstruction of paddy fields: Reinforce and increase the height of the paddy field ridges, excavate a circular shrimp breeding ditch at the periphery of the paddy field, set up an inlet ditch and a drainage ditch, the inlet ditch is filled with water, the drainage ditch is separately drained, and the annular shrimp breeding ditch is set at equal distances There are 4-6 water inlets and 4 outflow outlets each with a diameter of 15-25cm, and anti-escape facilities are installed;

(2) Excavate a temporary raising shed in the paddy field, with an area of one mu, a shed depth of 80-100 cm, and planting cattails in the shed.

(3) before planting rice, the field water is drained, the field is sun-dried, and the shrimp farming ditch is sterilized with quicklime mixed with water;

(4) the shrimp seedlings are stocked in the temporary raising shed, add water in the shrimp raising ditch, plant bitter grass, black algae, and rice seedlings, then the shrimp seedlings are put into the shrimp raising ditch by the temporary raising shed;

(5) The shrimp food is fed at regular and quantitative fixed points, and the shrimp food is placed on the outer peripheral side of the shrimp raising ditch;

(6) Test the water quality every week and change the water as needed;

(7) Shrimp fishing and harvesting: Shrimp fishing is carried out in late October, the rice ears grow, and the rice is harvested after roasting the fields.

Further, the height of the ridge is that the surface is 0.6-0.8m higher than the paddy field surface, the width of the top surface of the ridge is 2m, and the ridge retains weeds.

Further, the anti-escape facilities described in the step (1) are as follows: polyethylene plastic film is used as the anti-escape fence around the field ridge, and 60-mesh filter screens are used for the water inlet and the drain as the anti-escape net.

Further, in the step (1), the width of the annular shrimp breeding ditch is 4-5m, and the depth is 1-1.2m.

Further, in step (1), a 50-mu paddy field is used as a planting and breeding unit, and the width of the ditch for raising shrimp is 4.5m and the depth is 1-1.2m.

Further, in the step (3), the drying time is 7-10 days, the amount of quicklime is 90-100kg per mu of shrimp raising ditch, and the disinfection method is spray disinfection.

Further, in step (4), the shrimp seedlings are put into the temporary raising shed on April 25-May 5, and the time that the shrimp seedlings are put into the shrimp raising ditch by the temporary raising shed is that after planting 10d of bitter grass and black algae, After the rice is transplanted and turned green, put it in the evening on a sunny day.

Further, in step (4), the throwing density of shrimp seedlings in the annular shrimp raising ditch is 5000-6000/mu shrimp raising ditch; the row spacing of rice planting is 30cm, and the spacing between plants is 15cm; Special fertilizer for rice and shrimp co-feeding, the application rate per mu is 30-35kg.

Further, the area of bitter grass and black algae in the shrimp breeding ditch is maintained at 30-40%.

Further, in step (4), when the shrimp fry are stocked in the temporary shed, the feed is: special animal bait and vegetable bait for raising shrimp in paddy fields, and the weight ratio of the animal bait and vegetable bait is 3:2, The daily feeding amount is 10% of the weight of the shrimp seedlings; in step (5), after the shrimp seedlings are put into the shrimp raising ditch, the feed is the special animal bait and vegetable bait for shrimp farming in paddy fields, and the daily feeding amount is the shrimp in the pond 8% of the weight, the weight ratio of the animal bait and the vegetable bait for shrimp farming is 3:2; after 2 months, the weight ratio of the animal bait and the vegetable bait in the feed is changed to 2:3, and the daily feeding The amount is 6% of the weight of the shrimp in the pond.

Further, the animal bait is fish meal and snail meat mixed in any weight ratio, and the vegetable bait is one of wheat, corn, soybean meal, vegetable oil cake or multiple mixed in any weight ratio.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The present invention grows bitter grass and black algae in the shrimp breeding ditch, which can absorb various heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in the water, play the role of purifying the water body, and improve the water quality, thereby ensuring that the water exchange frequency is reduced. The production of Australian freshwater crayfish reduces the waste of water resources; at the same time, bitter grass and black algae can also be used as food for Australian freshwater crayfish, thereby reducing the input of shrimp food;

(2) In the present invention, by excavating an annular shrimp-cultivation trench on the periphery of the paddy field, it is beneficial to the exchange of substances between the shrimp-cultivation trench and the paddy field, so that the water quality of the paddy field is also improved, and the rice can fully utilize the excrement of the crayfish. As a nutrient; at the same time, it also promotes the Australian freshwater crayfish to have a wider range of activities in the rice field, play its role in preying on the aquatic organisms and pests in the field, and can better help the rice field loosen the soil and increase the oxygen content in the rice field water, so that the crayfish can and rice yields have been improved;

(3) In the present invention, planting bitter grass and black algae in the shrimp-cultivation ditch can also play the role of weakening the mutual killing between Australian freshwater crayfish and increasing the breeding output.

Detailed ways

Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail, which detailed description should not be construed as a limitation of the invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only used to describe particular embodiments, and are not used to limit the present invention.

Additionally, for numerical ranges in the present disclosure, it should be understood that each intervening value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated value or intervening value in that stated range is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention relates. Although only the preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials in connection with which the documents are referred. In the event of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification controls.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the present invention. The description and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.

As used herein, "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like, are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

The "parts" described in the present invention are all in parts by weight unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

(1) Reconstruction of paddy fields: Reinforce and increase the height of the paddy field ridge, so that the surface of the paddy field is 0.6m higher than the paddy field surface, the top surface of the paddy field is 2m wide, and the paddy field retains weeds; the periphery of the paddy field is excavated. In the planting and breeding unit, the ditch of the shrimp breeding ditch is 4m wide and 1m deep. The inlet ditch and the drainage ditch are set up. The inlet ditch is filled with water alone, and the drainage ditch is drained separately. The annular shrimp breeding ditch is equidistant with water inlets with a diameter of 15cm, There are 4 drainage outlets, polyethylene plastic film is used as the anti-escape net around the ridge, and 60 mesh filters are used for the water inlet and outlet as the anti-escape net;

(2) excavate a temporary raising shed in the paddy field, with an area of one mu, a shed depth of 80 cm, and planting cattails in the shed;

(3) before planting the rice, let the field water dry, dry the field for 7 days, and spray and disinfect the shrimp-raising ditch with 90kg of quicklime mixed with water per mu;

(4) On April 25th, the shrimp fry were put into the temporary raising shed, and they were fed regularly and quantitatively at fixed points. The feed was put on the outer periphery of the temporary raising shed. A vegetable bait obtained by mixing animal bait and wheat, corn, soybean meal, and vegetable oil cake in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1, the weight ratio of the animal bait and the vegetable bait is 3:2, and the daily feeding The amount is 10% of the weight of the shrimp seedlings; water is added to the shrimp-raising ditch, and the bitter grass and the black algae are planted, and the area of the bitter grass and the black algae is artificially intervened to keep the area of the bitter grass and the black algae at 30% of the area of the shrimp farming ditch. -40%, apply special fertilizer for rice and shrimp co-breeding in the paddy field, the application amount per mu is 30kg, the rice seedlings are planted, the row spacing is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 15cm. The shed is put into the shrimp raising ditch, and it is put in the evening on a sunny day. The density of shrimp seedlings in the shrimp raising ditch is 6000/mu of the shrimp raising ditch;

(5) After the shrimp fry are put into the shrimp raising ditch, the shrimp food is fed regularly and quantitatively at a fixed point. The shrimp food is put into the outer peripheral side of the shrimp raising ditch. bait and vegetable bait in which wheat, corn, soybean meal and vegetable oil cake are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1, the weight ratio of the animal bait and vegetable bait is 3:2, and the daily feeding amount It is 8% of the weight of the shrimp in the pond; after 2 months, the feed is changed to: animal bait mixed with fish meal and snail meat in a weight ratio of 2:1, and wheat, soybean meal, and vegetable oil cake in a weight ratio of 1:2: 1 mixed vegetable bait, the weight ratio of the animal bait and the vegetable bait is 2:3, and the daily feeding amount is 6% of the weight of the shrimp in the pond;

(6) Test the water quality every week and change the water as needed;

(7) Shrimp fishing and harvesting: From October 25th to 26th, shrimp fishing will be carried out, the rice ears will grow, and the rice will be harvested after roasting the fields.

In this embodiment, the shrimp seedlings were put into the annular shrimp raising ditch by the temporary raising shed on the evening of June 12, and the water was changed 3 times 1.5 months, 2.5 months, and 3.5 months after the shrimp seedlings were put in.

Example 2

(1) Reconstruction of paddy fields: Reinforce and increase the height of the paddy field ridge, so that the surface of the paddy field is 0.6m higher than the paddy field surface, the top surface of the paddy field is 2m wide, and the paddy field retains weeds; the periphery of the paddy field is excavated. In the cultivation unit, the shrimp farming ditch has a width of 4.5m and a depth of 1m. There are inlet and drainage ditches. The inlet ditch is filled with water alone, and the drainage ditch is drained separately. The annular shrimp farming ditch is equidistant with water inlets with a diameter of 25cm. There are 6 drainage outlets, polyethylene plastic film is used as the anti-escape net around the ridge, and 60 mesh filters are used for the water inlet and outlet as the anti-escape net;

(2) excavating a temporary raising shed in the paddy field, with an area of one mu, a shed depth of 100 cm, and planting papyrus in the shed;

(3) before planting rice, let the field water dry, dry the fields for 7 days, and spray and disinfect the shrimp-raising ditch with 100kg of quicklime mixed with water per mu;

(4) On May 5th, the shrimp fry were put into the temporary holding shed, and they were fed regularly and quantitatively at fixed points. The feed was put on the outer periphery of the temporary holding shed. The vegetable bait obtained by mixing animal bait and wheat, corn, and vegetable oil cake with a weight ratio of 1:1:1, the weight ratio of the animal bait and the vegetable bait is 3:2, and the daily feeding amount is the shrimp put in 10% of the weight of the seedlings; add water to the shrimp-raising ditch, plant Bittergrass and Black algae, and manually intervene the area of B. The special fertilizer for rice and shrimp co-breeding is applied in the paddy field. The application amount per mu is 35kg. The rice is planted with a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 15cm. Shrimp raising ditch, put it in the evening on a sunny day, the density of shrimp seedlings in the shrimp raising ditch is 5000/mu of shrimp raising ditch;

(5) After the shrimp fry are put into the shrimp raising ditch, the shrimp food is fed regularly and quantitatively and at a fixed point. The shrimp food is put into the outer peripheral side of the shrimp raising ditch. Animal bait, and vegetable bait mixed with wheat, soybean meal and vegetable oil cake in a weight ratio of 1:2:1, the weight ratio of the animal bait and vegetable bait is 3:2, and the daily feeding amount is the shrimp in the pond 8% of the weight; after 2 months, the feed was changed to: animal bait mixed with fish meal and snail meat in a weight ratio of 2:1, and plants mixed with wheat, corn, and vegetable oil cake in a weight ratio of 1:2:2 Sexual bait, the weight ratio of the animal bait and the vegetable bait is 2:3, and the daily feeding amount is 6% of the weight of the pond shrimp;

(6) Test the water quality every week and change the water as needed;

(7) Shrimp fishing and harvesting: From October 25th to 26th, shrimp fishing will be carried out, the rice ears will grow, and the rice will be harvested after roasting the fields.

In this embodiment, the shrimp seedlings were put into the annular shrimp raising ditch by the temporary raising shed on the evening of June 13, and the water was changed 3 times 1.5 months, 2.5 months, and 3.5 months after the shrimp seedlings were put in.

Comparative Example 1

Same as Example 1, the difference is that no shrimp breeding ditch is set up in the paddy field, and only rice is grown alone.

Comparative Example 2

In this comparative example, the Australian freshwater crayfish is cultured independently, and the culture method is the same as that in Example 1.

Comparative Example 3

Same as Example 1, the difference is that the number of water changes is 1 month, 2 months, 2.5 months, and 3.5 months after the shrimp fry are put into the water for a total of 4 times.

Comparative Example 4

With the embodiment 1, the difference is that no bitter grass and black algae are planted in the shrimp raising ditch, and the number of water changes is the same.

Comparative Example 5

With the embodiment 1, the difference is that no bitter grass and black algae are planted in the shrimp raising ditch, and the number of water changes is the same as the comparative example 3.

Comparative Example 6

With embodiment 1, the difference lies in that what is planted in the shrimp-cultivation ditch is pupa.

Comparative Example 7

The same as in Example 1, the difference is that the area of bitter grass and black algae in the shrimp raising ditch is 50-60%.

During the breeding process, observe the mutual killing situation of Australian freshwater crayfish in Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 2-7, and find that in Example 1-2, Comparative Example 2-3, and Comparative Example 7, the killing situation of crayfish is obvious. It is weaker than that of Comparative Examples 4-6, which indicates that Bittergrass and Black algae can effectively weaken the mutual killing of Australian freshwater crayfish.

The yield of Australian freshwater crayfish captured in Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 2-7 and the yield of rice harvested in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3-7 were counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. The equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concept thereof shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for culturing Australia freshwater crayfish in a paddy field is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) rice field transformation: reinforcing and heightening ridges of the rice field, excavating an annular shrimp culture ditch at the periphery of the rice field, arranging a water inlet ditch and a water drainage ditch, independently feeding water into the water inlet ditch and independently draining water from the water drainage ditch, arranging 4-6 water inlets and water outlets with the diameters of 15-25cm in the annular shrimp culture ditch at equal intervals, and arranging escape-proof facilities;

(2) digging temporary cultivation sheds in the rice field, wherein the area is one mu, the depth of the sheds is 80-100cm, and cattail is planted in the sheds;

(3) before planting rice, drying the field water, drying the field in the sun, and disinfecting the shrimp culture ditch by adding quicklime into the water;

(4) putting the shrimp seeds in a temporary rearing shed, adding water in a shrimp rearing ditch, planting the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata, transplanting rice seedlings, and putting the shrimp seeds in the shrimp rearing ditch from the temporary rearing shed;

(5) feeding the shrimp feed at fixed time and fixed quantity, wherein the shrimp feed is put on the outer peripheral side of the shrimp culturing ditch;

(6) detecting water quality every week, and changing water according to needs;

(7) catching shrimps and harvesting: and (5) catching shrimps in the last ten days of 10 months, growing rice ears, and harvesting rice after the field is roasted.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ridges have a height of 0.6 to 0.8m above the surface of the paddy field, a width of 2m at the top surface, and retain weeds.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the escape-proof facility in step (1) is: polyethylene plastic films are used as the escape-proof purse nets around the ridges, and 60-mesh filter screens are used as the escape-proof nets at the water inlets and the water outlets.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the circular shrimp raising furrows in step (1) is 4-5m and the depth is 1-1.2 m.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the field drying time is 7-10 days, the quicklime is used in an amount of 90-100kg per mu of shrimp culture ditch, and the sterilization mode is spray sterilization.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the shrimp seeds are put into the temporary rearing shed in 25 days at 4 months to 5 months and 5 days, and the time for putting the shrimp seeds into the shrimp rearing ditches from the temporary rearing shed is that the shrimp seeds are put in the evening of a sunny day after the tape grass and the hydrilla verticillata are planted for 10 days and the rice is transplanted to turn green.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the shrimp seeds are thrown into the annular shrimp culture ditches at a throwing density of 5000-; the row spacing for transplanting rice is 30cm, and the planting distance is 15 cm; before rice seedlings are planted, the special fertilizer for co-breeding of rice and shrimps is applied to the rice field, and the application amount per mu is 30-35 kg.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the acremonium gracile and hydrilla verticillata area in the shrimp grove is maintained at 30-40%.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the feed for the young shrimps cultured in the temporary culture shed is: the special animal bait and plant bait for shrimp culture in the rice field, the weight ratio of the animal bait to the plant bait is 3:2, and the daily feeding amount is 10 percent of the weight of the thrown shrimp fries; in the step (5), after the shrimp seedlings are put into the shrimp culturing ditches, the feed is special animal bait and plant bait for culturing shrimps in the rice field, the daily feeding amount is 8 percent of the weight of the shrimps in the pond, and the weight ratio of the special animal bait to the plant bait for culturing the shrimps is 3: 2; after 2 months, the weight ratio of animal baits to plant baits in the feed is changed to 2:3, and the daily feeding amount is 6 percent of the weight of the shrimps in the pond.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the animal bait is fish meal and spiral shell mussel meat mixed in any weight ratio, and the plant bait is one or more of wheat, corn, bean pulp and vegetable oil cake mixed in any weight ratio.