CN101878749A - Ecological controllable healthy cultivation method for pelodiscus sinensis - Google Patents
Ecological controllable healthy cultivation method for pelodiscus sinensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological controllable healthy cultivation method for trionychidae, in particular to an ecological controllable healthy cultivation method for pelodiscus sinensis with yield per mu of 8 tons, and mainly solves the problems of long growth cycle of the pelodiscus sinensis, easy morbidity and high mortality when the pelodiscus sinensis is moved from indoors to outdoors, unfavorable control of numerous factors such as water sources, feeding and the like in an outdoor pool, unavailable assurance of food safety, and unfavorable domestic and oversea sales existing in the prior art, namely the conventional cultivation method for the pelodiscus sinensis has the defects of low yield, easy morbidity, uncontrollable ecology, not good enough quality safety and poor economic benefit. The method comprises the following steps of: constructing ecological controllable temperature-adjusting steel frame inflated film greenhouse facilities, selecting varieties, performing water treatment, supplying heat, and separately cultivating and catching for sales in good time after the commercial pelodiscus sinensis is mature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological controllable healthy and support the soft-shelled turtle method, the facility ecological controllable healthy that especially relates to 8 tons of Chinese soft-shelled turtles of per mu yield is cultured new method.
Background technology
What the conventional cultivation soft-shelled turtle was generally adopted is " two step breeding methods ".Be that young young soft-shelled turtle is at greenhouse cultivation, becoming soft-shelled turtle to move on to the outer pool cultures, Chinese patent discloses a kind of non-pollution and ecological large-scale soft-shelled turtle culturing method (patent publication No.: CN1895034A), the steps include: the selection of a. breeding ecological environment: (1) environment: the pond will be arranged on peace and quiet, the leeward place that faces south, has abundant water resources, do not have industrial pollution, planting aquatic plants in the soft-shelled turtle pond, the trees flowers and plants of planting on the earth dyke; (2) pond area: each pool area 200-500 of young soft-shelled turtle pond square metre, the pond is rice deeply O.8-1, and becoming the soft-shelled turtle pool area is 1500-5000 square metre, pond degree of depth 1.2-1.5 rice; (3) water source: source quality wants limpid pollution-free, and pH value 6.5-8.5 quotes river, spring or reservoir water; (4) slope ratio: than 1:1.5-2, the water surface compares 1:2-3 with upward slope to the water surface with descending; B. the preparation before putting in a suitable place to breed: clean up the pond (1): cleaned up the pond before young soft-shelled turtle is put in a suitable place to breed; (2) water quality of fostering and apply fertilizer: every mu of water body is used the fertilizer 250-350 kilogram or the inorganic composite fertilizer 10-15 kilogram of fermentation before putting seedling; C. put in a suitable place to breed: put in a suitable place to breed the time for go up annual July, the middle ten days, the mu stocking size be 5.7 grams/young soft-shelled turtle 10000-30000 only only, long to the 50-100 gram/the time, carry out the branch pool, mu is only put young soft-shelled turtle 500-2000 in a suitable place to breed; D. the feed of throwing something and feeding: soft-shelled turtle with the composition and the mass percent of feed is: A, nuisanceless soft-shelled turtle special compound feed 50-80%; B, feed of animal origin or vegetable feed 20-50%; E. disease prevention and cure: the disease that adopts the method a kind of or that combine in ecological prevention, biological preventing, the chemoprophylaxis to prevent soft-shelled turtle, treat the disease soft-shelled turtle, isolated rearing in time, and treated with medicaments.But the growth cycle of this cultural method is longer, in addition, during owing to the pool outside the greenhouse moves on to, condition such as weather, environment changes greatly, and Chinese soft-shelled turtle is morbidity during this period easily, and lethality is higher, and pond outside, several factors such as water source, feeding is unfavorable for control, and food security can not get guaranteeing, is unfavorable for domestic and international sale.Therefore, conventional cultivation China soft-shelled turtle method yields poorly, susceptible disease, and quality safety is not good enough, and economic benefit is bad.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method, it mainly is that to solve the growth cycle of existing in prior technology China soft-shelled turtle longer, the China soft-shelled turtle is moving on to morbidity during this period easily when outdoor from indoor, lethality is higher, and pond outside, several factors such as water source, feeding is unfavorable for control, food security can not get guaranteeing, be unfavorable for domestic and international sale, therefore, conventional cultivation China soft-shelled turtle method yields poorly, susceptible disease, ecological uncontrollable, and quality safety is not good enough, and economic benefit is bad.
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly solved by following technical proposals:
A kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method of the present invention comprises:
The construction of a, ecological controlled temperature adjustment steelframe aerated film booth facility:
(1) environment: select peace and quiet to have abundant water resources, advance draining and build booth in the place easily;
(2) booth specification: each booth construction area 300-700m
2, establish 5-10 pond in the booth, the dark 0.8-1m in the pond in each pond, shop yellow sand at the bottom of the pond, in independently water-in and water-out facility is arranged, Ji Wupaiwukou is set in the middle of the pot bottom type in the pond, and anti-escape orifice plate or anti-theft net is installed at intake-outlet; Yellow sand thickness at the bottom of the pond can be about 20cm;
(3) feed table: set up with cement tile, the following 10-15cm of both sides water surface place is barricaded as strip with the polylith cement tile in the middle of the soft-shelled turtle pond, and length accounts for the 70-80% of pool side;
(4) booth aerated film: the booth aerated film adopts multilaminar high strength degree film, and middle inflation is adopted geothermal heating system every cold in the canopy, and high-strength membrane can be 3 layers a film imported;
(5) flat roof: do grow up 2.5 meters, wide 2 meters domes with coating steel pipe, arch face is spread bamboo chip, the wide 3cm of bamboo chip, and 10-15cm in the entry is flooded on both sides, goes up flat roof for the soft-shelled turtle climbing and gets sun;
B. kind is selected and is cultured: the Chinese turtle Japanese strain kind soft-shelled turtle seedling of selecting suitable facility cultivation;
(1) cultivating condition: adopt booth cement pit temperature control to culture single pool area 60 ㎡-80 ㎡, the dark 80-100cm in pond, depth of water 30-80cm, in establish the net nest, for young soft-shelled turtle perch, hidden and for microbial reproduction, feed table is set up with cement tile, lie against underwater 10cm-15cm, the oxygenation facility is selected air pump, gas madreporic canal road, independently culvert system and temperature controlling instruments for use, to the sterilization of soft-shelled turtle pond, rinses the back water inlet with bleaching powder well, the sterilization of breeding water bleaching powder was put seedling after 24 hours;
(2) breeding density is that every square metre of water surface is put the only young soft-shelled turtle seedling of 18-20 in a suitable place to breed, and throw and raise, feed is selected the high-activity biological fermented forage for use, is processed into soft graininess, and particle diameter is cultured the adjustment of stage caliber size with young soft-shelled turtle, can eat flatly with young soft-shelled turtle and to be as the criterion, day, feeding volume was the 2-5% of soft-shelled turtle body weight, and day throws something and feeds 2-3 time, early, middle and late each 1 time, also can be sooner or later each 1 time, quantitatively feed is thrown on feed table;
C. water treatment: Chi Shui need keep being light green or bronzing, and transparency 15cm-20cm, ammonia-nitrogen content are below 0.3ppm, and content of nitrite is below 0.2ppm, and the water colour non-whitening does not turn black, no oil film, and no ammonia stink, method for treating water is:
(1) utilizes the microbial balance agent, purify water, nitrite, sulphide, ammonia nitrogen etc. in the degraded sodified water;
(2) utilize effective microorganism preparation,, promptly used an effective microorganism preparation every 15-20 days from culturing beginning, make the beneficial organism preparation in the pond, breed again and the pond of degrading in the residual bait, the ight soil that produce, reduce organic deposition, keep good water quality;
(3) use little algae water plants and fishing dish symbiosis technology, impel Chi Zhongzao, keep planktonic balance as balance; Have advantages such as efficient low-consume and original position digestion sewage.
Regularly use the beneficial microbe that can improve water quality and epidemic prevention, diligent at bottom blow-down, moisturizing in good time alleviates the water body build up of dirt, and the quicklime of regularly splashing slurry carries out the adjustment of pH value.Need examine the young soft-shelled turtle situation of ingesting every day, active situation and water quality condition are measured water temperature, regularly chemically examine pond water quality, in time grab wounded or disabled sickly, pinpoint the problems and in time take measures, and conscientiously carry out and culture the daily record record.
D. heat supply: utilize the ground thermal technology to be the facility plastic greenhouse heat supply, low-carbon (LC) is environmental protection again.
E. after the commodity soft-shelled turtle maturation, divide in good time and support and rise and catch sale, average commodity soft-shelled turtle counterpoise can reach about 800 grams.
As preferably, the length of making the domes flat roof with bamboo wood or coating steel pipe among the described step a is 2.5m, and wide is 2m.Flat roof also can be that other material that soft-shelled turtle is climbed is easily made.
As preferably, the bleaching powder concentration to the sterilization of soft-shelled turtle pond among the described step b is 50ppm, wherein contains mass percent in the bleaching powder solute and be 30% available chlorine.
As preferably, the composition and the mass percent of the high-activity bio-enzyme fermented forage among the described step b are: white fish meal 39%, fermentation soybean powder 27%, Alpha's tapioca 23%, beer yeast powder 5%, other various vitamins, mineral matter etc. 6%.
As preferably, the effective microorganism preparation among the described step c is made up of photosynthetic bacteria, composite bacillus subtilis.Photosynthetic bacteria, composite bacillus subtilis all are the commercially available prod, and its proportioning is allocated according to the commercially available prod specification.Lack explanation to the microbial balance agent.
As preferably, the Artificial grass nest is set in the pond among the described c, microorganism can be bred in careless nest, there are enough rests hidden can for again Chinese soft-shelled turtle, reduce and sting mutually.
As preferably, utilize nanometer energy ring and negative oxygen ion generator to carry out hydrone among the described c and improve, promote water quality, reduce disease.
As preferably, as preferably, it is that the potassium permanganate of 20ppm or concentration are 3% saline solution dipping bath 3-5 minute with young soft-shelled turtle with concentration that described step b is put Miao Qianxian.
Therefore, the present invention selects the Chinese turtle Japanese strain improved seeds soft-shelled turtle of suitable intensive cultivation for use by building controlled adaptation intensive culture daylighting temperature adjustment booth facility, utilizes integrated technologies such as a series of biophysicss, reach and increase substantially a mu output capacity, the Chinese soft-shelled turtle quality of breed reaches export standard.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment: a kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method of this example the steps include:
The construction of a. ecological controlled temperature adjustment steelframe aerated film booth facility:
(1) environment: select peace and quiet to have abundant water resources, advance draining and build booth in the place easily.
(2) booth specification: each booth construction area 350m
2, 5 ponds are arranged, each pool area 60m in the booth
2, the dark 0.8m in pond, 20cm thick yellow sand in shop has independently water-in and water-out facility at the bottom of the pond, and Ji Wupaiwukou is set in the middle of the pot bottom type in the pond, and at intake-outlet wire netting is installed;
(3) feed table: set up with cement tile, the following 10cm of both sides water surface place is barricaded as strip with the polylith cement tile in the middle of the soft-shelled turtle pond, and length accounts for 80% of pool side;
(4) booth aerated film: the booth aerated film adopts 3 layers of import high-strength membranes, and middle inflation is adopted geothermal heating system every cold in the canopy;
(5) flat roof: make domes with bamboo wood or coating steel pipe, long 2.5m, wide 2m, arch face spread bamboo clappers or net sheet, and 5-10cm in the entry is flooded on both sides, for the soft-shelled turtle climbing;
B. kind is selected: select Chinese turtle Japanese strain kind soft-shelled turtle seedling, throw in 20 young seedlings by every square;
(1) cultivating condition: adopt booth cement pit temperature control to culture, single pool area 60 ㎡, the dark 80cm in pond, depth of water 30-60cm regulates, in establish the net nest, for young soft-shelled turtle perch, hidden and for microbial reproduction, feed table is set up with cement tile, lie against underwater 10cm, the oxygenation facility is selected air pump, gas madreporic canal road, independently culvert system and temperature controlling instruments for use.The bleaching powder that with concentration is 50ppm is to the sterilization of soft-shelled turtle pond, wherein contains mass percent in the bleaching powder solute and be 30% available chlorine, the next day rinse the back water inlet well, breeding water is the bleaching powder sterilization of 50ppm with concentration, puts seedling after 24 hours.Young soft-shelled turtle before putting in a suitable place to breed needs with being that the potassium permanganate of 20ppm or concentration are 3% saline solution dipping bath 3-5 minute with concentration;
(2) breeding density is that every square metre of water surface is put 20 in a suitable place to breed, and young soft-shelled turtle thrown raise, feed is selected the high-activity biological fermented forage for use, and the composition of high-activity biological fermented forage and mass percent are: white fish meal 39%, fermentation soybean powder 27%, Alpha's tapioca 23%, beer yeast powder 5%, other various vitamins, mineral matters etc. 6% are processed into soft graininess, particle diameter is cultured the adjustment of stage caliber size with young soft-shelled turtle, and can eat flatly with young soft-shelled turtle is as the criterion.Day feeding volume is the 3-5% of soft-shelled turtle body weight, day throws something and feeds 2 times, early, evening each 1 time, quantitatively feed is thrown on feed table;
C. water treatment: Chi Shui need keep being light green or bronzing, and transparency 20cm-30cm, ammonia nitrogen concentration are below 0.3ppm, and nitrite concentration is below 0.2ppm, and the water colour non-whitening does not turn black, no oil film, and no ammonia stink, concrete measure is as follows:
(1) utilizes the microbial balance agent, purify water, nitrite, sulphide, ammonia nitrogen etc. in the degraded sodified water;
(2) utilize effective microorganism preparation, from culturing beginning, promptly used an effective microorganism preparation every 15-20 days, the composition of effective microorganism preparation and mass percent are used by the commercially available prod operation instruction, the residual bait, the ight soil that make the beneficial organism preparation in the pond, breed again and degrade and produce, reduce organic deposition, keep good water quality;
(3) use little algae water plants and fishing dish symbiosis technology, impel Chi Zhongzao, keep planktonic balance, have advantages such as efficient low-consume and original position digestion sewage as balance;
(4) using artificial grass nest can be bred microorganism in careless nest, has enough rests hidden can for again Chinese soft-shelled turtle, reduces and stings mutually;
(5) Applied Physics new technology nanometer energy ring and negative oxygen ion generator carry out hydrone and improve lifting water quality, reduce disease;
The beneficial microbe of improvement water quality and epidemic prevention such as regularly use, water is changed in diligent blowdown in good time, alleviates the water body build up of dirt, the quicklime of regularly splashing slurry.Need examine the young soft-shelled turtle situation of ingesting every day, active situation and water quality condition are measured water temperature, regularly chemically examine pond water quality, in time grab wounded or disabled sick soft-shelled turtle, pinpoint the problems and in time take measures, and conscientiously carry out and culture the daily record record;
D. heat supply: utilize the ground thermal technology to be the facility plastic greenhouse heat supply, low-carbon (LC) is environmental protection again;
E. divide in good time support and rise and catch sale, average commodity soft-shelled turtle counterpoise can reach about 860 grams.
Claims (10)
1. Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method is characterized in that comprising:
The construction of a, ecological controlled temperature adjustment steelframe plastic film shed facility:
(1) environment: select peace and quiet to have abundant water resources, advance draining and build booth in the place easily;
(2) booth specification: each booth construction area 300～700m
2, establish 5～10 ponds in the booth, the dark 0.8～1m in the pond in each pond, 1/3rd shop 15～20cm thick yellow sands at the bottom of the pond, in independently water-in and water-out facility is arranged, Ji Wupaiwukou is set in the middle of the pot bottom type in the pond, and the anti-orifice plate of escaping is installed at delivery port;
(3) feed table: set up with cement tile, the following 10-15cm of both sides water surface place in the middle of the soft-shelled turtle pond, 2 platoon leader's bar shapeds about being barricaded as with the polylith cement tile, length accounts for the 70-80% of pool side;
(4) booth aerated film: late autumn and winter-spring season booth adopt multilaminar high strength degree film, and intermediate air adopts geothermal heating system every cold in the canopy;
(5) shine the soft-shelled turtle platform: make overarching or the herringbone structure of coating steel pipe, arch face is spread bamboo chip or plank, and 10-15cm in the entry is flooded on both sides, and for the soft-shelled turtle climbing, every pond 1-2 is shone soft-shelled turtle platform, each 3-4 square metre;
B. kind is selected and is cultured: the Chinese turtle Japanese strain kind soft-shelled turtle seedling of selecting suitable facility cultivation;
(1) cultivating condition: adopt ecological controlled booth cement pit temperature control to culture, single pool area 60 ㎡～80 ㎡, the dark 80cm-100cm in pond, depth of water 30cm-80cm regulates, hang net nest plurality of rows in the pond, the confession soft-shelled turtle perches, hidden and confession microbial reproduction, feed table is set up with cement tile, lie against the following 10cm-15cm of the water surface, the oxygenation facility is selected air pump, gas madreporic canal road or microporous pipe for use, independently culvert system and temperature controlling instruments, with bleaching powder sterilized in the soft-shelled turtle pond, rinse the back water inlet well, the sterilization of breeding water bleaching powder was put seedling after 24 hours;
(2) breeding density is that every square metre of water surface is put 18～20 young soft-shelled turtles in a suitable place to breed, and young soft-shelled turtle thrown raise, feed is selected the high-activity biological fermented forage for use, be processed into soft graininess, particle diameter is cultured the adjustment of stage caliber size with young soft-shelled turtle, and can eat flatly with young soft-shelled turtle is as the criterion, day feeding volume is 2%～5% of a soft-shelled turtle body weight, day throw something and feed 2-3 time, early, middle and late each 1 time or early, evening each 1 time, quantitatively with the feed input on feed table; Progressively feeding volume is adjusted into 1% after growing up to young soft-shelled turtle;
C. water treatment: Chi Shui need keep being light green or bronzing, transparency 20cm-25cm, and the ammonia nitrogen mass concentration is below 0.3ppm, and the nitrite mass concentration is below 0.2ppm, and the water colour non-whitening does not turn black, no oil film, no ammonia stink, method for treating water is:
(1) utilizes the microbial balance agent, purify water;
(2) utilize effective microorganism preparation,, promptly used once every 15～20 days from culturing beginning, make effective microorganism preparation in the pond, breed again and the pond of degrading in the residual bait, the ight soil that produce, reduce organic deposition, eliminate ammonia nitrogen;
(3) use little algae water plants and fishing dish symbiosis technology, impel Chi Zhongzao, keep planktonic balance as balance;
(4) adopt the dirty device water circulating pipe of collection in good time a small amount of effluent sewerage in bottom in the pond, in the pond of reinjecting after water treatment, each discharge capacity is pool water level 5-10cm;
D. heat supply: utilizing the ground thermal technology is the facility plastic greenhouse heat supply in the pond, keeps pond water temperature at the 28-31 degree, and room temperature is at the 32-35 degree;
E. after forming the commodity soft-shelled turtle, rise in good time and catch sale.
2. a kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that among the described step a making of coating steel pipe overarching or the length of herringbone structure upper berth bamboo chip or plank flat roof is 2～2.5m, and wide is 1.5～2m.
3. a kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that among the described step b that the bleaching powder mass concentration to the sterilization of soft-shelled turtle pond is 50ppm, wherein contains mass percent in the bleaching powder solute and be 30% available chlorine.
4. a kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that putting into 2/3rds yellow ground in the booth pond, and its thickness is thick at 15-20cm.
5. a kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that selecting for use Chinese turtle Japanese strain kind to culture.
6. a kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method according to claim 1, the composition and the mass percent that it is characterized in that the high-activity biological fermented forage among the described step b are: white fish meal 39%, fermentation soybean powder 27%, Alpha's tapioca 23%, beer yeast powder 5%, vitamin and mineral matter 6%.
7. a kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the effective microorganism preparation among the described step c is made up of photosynthetic bacteria, composite bacillus subtilis.
8. a kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that being provided with among the described step c Artificial grass nest in the pond.
9. a kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that utilizing among the described step c nanometer energy ring and negative oxygen ion generator, microporous pipe or the oxygenation of sandstone head to carry out hydrone and improves.
10. a kind of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ecological controllable healthy cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is that the potassium permanganate of 20ppm or concentration are 3% saline solution dipping bath 3-5 minute with young soft-shelled turtle with concentration that described step b is put Miao Qianxian.
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Application publication date: 20101110 |