CN106212328A - A kind of utilize temperature canopy survive the winter cultivation 2 hurried Litopenaeus vannamei method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating Litopenaeus vannamei for two times in a greenhouse. The breeding period is from mid-September to May of the following year: (1) The key technology of "putting the seedlings first and then applying the film" in the first cultivation: advance The seedlings were released in September, and when the water temperature dropped to 25°C, the light-transmitting PVC film was only covered on the warm shelf; (2) The second production implemented the key technology of "intensive standardization of shrimp seedlings, and then separate breeding"; the first production First harvest the ponds that account for 10-25% of the total culture area for intensive standardization and second shrimp seedling production. It is preferable to introduce the water used for the second production and release of seedlings into some of the old pool water with higher water temperature in the first production to ensure that the shrimp seedlings adapt to the water temperature; use the greenhouse to control the water temperature at 22-32°C during the whole wintering period, and the optimum temperature is 25-30°C. The present invention increases the production of prawns by one time compared with the general greenhouse culture, and the first production is harvested at the peak of sales demand before the Spring Festival, and the second production is harvested in May 20 days earlier than that of ponds without winter sheds, which has good economic benefits and meets the needs of citizens .

Description

A method of breeding 2 subvannamei prawns overwintering in a greenhouse

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for cultivating second-time overwintering Litopenaeus vannamei in a greenhouse.

Background technique

Litopenaeus vannamei (commonly known as Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important shrimp farming species in my country. Especially in the southern region, its farming industry is developing rapidly, and its farming scale is constantly expanding. The farming model is gradually developing from extensive to intensive and profitable. , high-density precision farming has become the most important farming model.

In recent years, some coastal areas in southern my country have used the original shrimp breeding ponds to further transform and build fully-covered film-covered ponds and greenhouse structures, and build high-density farms with controllable temperature (winter sheds), water conservation and water conservation, and other farming elements. Breeding ponds are equipped with a mechanized aeration system based on three-dimensional aeration, as well as a supporting water purification system.

Because of the good water quality in the sea area in winter, the success rate of cultivating prawns in greenhouses in winter is relatively high. However, general greenhouse overwintering culture of Litopenaeus vannamei can only be cultured once in winter (October-February of the next year), the production and economic benefits of the culture are low, and it is difficult to meet the market demand.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for overwintering Litopenaeus vannamei in a greenhouse, by rationally arranging the culture period for the second culture, releasing the seedlings scientifically, and harvesting reasonably, so as to realize the culture for the second culture (i.e. Breeding 2 Litopenaeus subvannamei) in one winter spans the year, which is conducive to increasing the breeding yield, good economic benefits, and better meeting market demand. The technical scheme adopted is as follows:

A method for cultivating Litopenaeus subvannamei by overwintering in a greenhouse, characterized in that it cultures Litopenaeus vannamei according to the following steps:

(1) The first farming

(1-1) In the first ten days of September, a greenhouse structure was built on each breeding pond; in the middle of September, seawater was introduced into each breeding pond, and the first shrimp seedlings were stocked;

(1-2) After entering October, when the water temperature in the sea area (that is, the influent water temperature of the aquaculture pond) drops to 25°C, spread the light-transmitting agricultural film on the greenhouse structure that has been built to form a covering on the aquaculture pond. The light-transmitting greenhouse uses the greenhouse effect to maintain and increase the temperature of the pool water;

(1-3) When the first culture is until the end of December, first harvest the Litopenaeus vannamei in the culture ponds accounting for 10-25% of the total culture area, and use this part of the culture ponds as the second culture after harvesting the Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp seedlings are intensively raised temporarily in standard coarse ponds; Litopenaeus vannamei in the remaining ponds accounting for 75-90% of the total breeding area will continue to be cultured until harvesting in early and mid-January of the following year;

(2) Second farming

(2-1) In the first and middle of January of the following year, use the second intensive temporary culture pond for shrimp seedlings described in step (1-3) (that is, the first harvest of Litopenaeus vannamei accounts for 10-25% of the total culture area) cultured pond) temporarily raised the standard coarse second shrimp seedlings, and after 30-45 days of cultivation, the juvenile shrimps were separately raised in the rest of the cultured ponds accounting for 75-90% of the total culture area (that is, harvested after the first cultivation. Shrimp culture pond) culture;

(2-2) The second farming will be harvested in May.

Litopenaeus vannamei is cultured in a light-transmitting greenhouse for overwintering. The water temperature of the culture pond determines the growth rate of the cultured Litopenaeus vannamei, so the water temperature regulation is very important. Preferably, in the process of the first cultivation and the second cultivation, the water temperature of the cultivation pond is controlled between 22-32° C. (appropriate value). More preferably, in the process of the first cultivation and the second cultivation, the water temperature of the cultivation pond is controlled between 25-30° C. (the optimum value).

In the preferred step (2-2), from the second culture to the beginning of May, first harvest some prawns with a size of 100-80 tails/kg in the pond, reduce the culture density, and then culture the remaining Litopenaeus vannamei for another 20 days. Harvesting (at this time, the size of Litopenaeus vannamei can reach 70-60 tails/kg). Through the implementation of "interval harvesting technology", in order to achieve high yield and large-scale high-quality Litopenaeus vannamei supply market.

Among the present invention, each stage of cultivation period carries out in the following manner to the water temperature regulation and control of cultivation pond:

a) In the early stage of the first breeding (September), take advantage of the high temperature weather in the southern coastal subtropical regions of China in September to arrange the first breeding and releasing seedlings; at this time, the water temperature in the sea area is generally 28-32°C, and seawater is introduced into the breeding pond , the water temperature is sufficient to meet the growth requirements of shrimp seedlings, and the light-transmitting greenhouse does not need to be covered with light-transmitting agricultural film;

b) From the late stage of the first production to the middle period of the second production (November to March of the next year), the weather is cold and the water temperature is low at this stage. Try to make the light-transmitting greenhouse airtight, so as not to drop the water temperature too quickly and affect the growth of prawns . If it is necessary to enter the water, it is generally sunny and sunny, and it is carried out during a period of high temperature (such as 10:00-16:00);

c) In the mid-stage of the first cultivation period (October) and the late period of the second cultivation period (April-May of the following year), the temperature changes greatly in these two stages, and it is necessary to master the covering and lifting of the transparent agricultural film according to the specific weather conditions Timing, that is: during the filming period, if the temperature is high during the day, when the water temperature in the aquaculture pond exceeds 32°C, lift the light-transmitting agricultural film around the aquaculture pond to prevent the temperature from rising too fast; Cover with light-transmitting agricultural film to prevent the temperature from dropping too quickly.

In addition, the water temperature can also be adjusted by changing the water. When the water temperature is high, the water can be changed more appropriately. When the water temperature is low, the water should be changed as little as possible under the premise that the water quality index is normal.

The above-mentioned first farming implements the key technology of "putting the seedlings first, then applying the greenhouse film": in step (1-1), the temperature is relatively high in September (especially in the subtropical regions of southern China), and the water temperature in the sea area is generally 28-32°C at this time , suitable for the rapid growth of shrimp seedlings. Generally, after 20-30 days of culture, the body length of prawns can reach 4-6cm; The greenhouse frame is covered with light-transmitting agricultural film (such as PVC transparent agricultural film) to form a greenhouse. Through the greenhouse effect, the suitable water temperature of the aquaculture pond is kept at 22-32°C (the most suitable water temperature is 25-30°C), ensuring that the prawns are kept at a relatively low temperature. Rapid growth at high temperature. Usually, the culture period of the first culture is 100-120 days, and the size of harvested Litopenaeus vannamei is 70-80 tails/kg.

The above-mentioned second production culture implements the key technology of "shrimp seedling intensive temporary cultivation and separate cultivation": in step (2-1), the shrimp seedlings required by several breeding ponds are first concentrated in one breeding pond (the second shrimp seedling production) Intensive temporary raising standard thick pool) for intensive temporary raising standard thick, temporary raising standard rough period is 30-45 days, and then separately raised to other culture ponds. In this way, on the one hand, a longer breeding time is provided for the first production of Litopenaeus vannamei, so that the shrimp can reach a larger finished product size; The pollution of the water quality environment of the aquaculture water body is also conducive to improving the survival rate of the aquaculture, so as to better implement the secondary aquaculture in a limited time.

Preferably, in the first ten days of January of the following year, after cleaning and disinfecting the standard coarse pond for intensive temporary breeding of the second shrimp seedlings, introduce seawater to a water depth of 50-60 cm, and then introduce the upper pool water from the culture pond that has not yet been harvested, until the intensive temporary storage of the second shrimp seedlings. The water depth of the standard rough pond is 100-120cm, adjust the water temperature to 23-24°C, and prepare to put the second shrimp seedlings. Introduce the water from the upper layer from the unharvested breeding pond to the second thick pond for the intensive temporary breeding of shrimp seedlings, so as to realize the reuse of the water in the first enrichment "biofloc" breeding pond, and introduce and utilize the first enrichment "biofloc" Breeding pond water, as an important part of the water used for seedling release in the second pond, on the one hand ensures the water temperature in the rough pond for the intensive temporary breeding of shrimp seedlings in the second pond; High-quality feed is provided for the second shrimp fry and juvenile shrimp.

In step (2-1), when juvenile shrimps are reared separately, a special shrimp trawl net with dense mesh is generally used to fish and catch juvenile shrimps to pass through the pond.

In order to ensure the healthy and rapid growth of cultured Litopenaeus vannamei, and to better realize the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei for 2 subcultures in one winter, the following farming technical measures are also adopted on the basis of scientifically arranging 2 subculture periods:

(a) Water intake and water treatment: When water intake is required, seawater is introduced into the culture pond, and the initial water intake level is 1.0-1.5 meters; after water intake, water disinfection is carried out at night, and then fertilization and beneficial microbial preparations are applied to the water.

When entering the water, try to extract seawater during spring tides to ensure better water quality. Halogen disinfectants (such as strong chlorine 2-3ppm) are usually used for water disinfection. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the water quality. By properly applying beneficial microbial preparations, the probiotics can form a dominant flora in the water body, forming good water quality and water color.

(b) Seed selection and release: shrimp seedlings should be selected from non-specific pathogen-free shrimp seedlings that have passed the test. The body length is preferably 0.8-1.2cm; the water temperature is 22-32°C when releasing seedlings, and the most suitable water temperature is 25-30°C.

(c) Water quality control: control the water quality by fertilizing, applying beneficial microbial preparations, and changing water. Early influent water needs to be pretreated by sedimentation, filtration and disinfection.

Daily measurement of water quality indicators such as water temperature (T _W ), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ ⁺ -N), nitrite (NO ₂ ^- ), transparency, and pool water salinity. Regularly detect changes in the species and quantity of plankton in the culture ponds. Measure the growth of prawns (including body weight, body length, etc.) every 7-10 days. According to the measurement situation, the water quality is regulated so that the water quality indicators such as water temperature (T _W ), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ ⁺ -N), nitrite (NO ₂ ^- ) are in the table 1 In the appropriate value range shown, it is best to adjust to the optimum value range shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Water Quality Index

(d) Change the water: generally do not drain or change the water within half a month after the seedlings are released, and start to drain through the drainage system of the breeding pond after half a month, and gradually increase the amount of water change as the shrimp grows to maintain a good bottom quality environment . The bottom of the aquaculture pond, especially the central drain, should be checked and cleaned frequently by suction or diving. If it is necessary to enter the water, it is generally sunny and sunny, and it is carried out during a period of high temperature (such as 10:00-16:00). When the water temperature is high, the water can be changed more appropriately, and when the water temperature is low, the water should be changed as little as possible under the premise that the water quality index is normal.

(e) Feeding management: the bait is artificially mixed bait, which should meet the relevant regulations of GB13078 and NY5072, and the protein content is required to be not less than 38%; the daily feeding rate of artificially mixed bait is 3% of the body weight of Litopenaeus vannamei. -10%. In the early stage of breeding after the seedlings are released, the daily feeding is usually 4-6 times, and later as the shrimp body grows, the daily feeding times are adjusted to 3-4 times. According to the weather and water temperature conditions, the actual feeding amount should be adjusted appropriately. Feeding is generally evenly fed along the edge of the pool.

(f) Harvesting: Litopenaeus vannamei is usually harvested with a size of 100-60 fish/kg. When harvesting for the first time, generally each culture pond has harvested Litopenaeus vannamei at one time, so as to gain time to prepare for the second time of stocking. For the second harvest, the indirect harvesting technique can be adopted, that is, in early May, some Litopenaeus vannamei with a size of 100-80 tails/kg are harvested in the culture pond to reduce the breeding density; the remaining Litopenaeus vannamei can be cultured for 20 days. Harvested, the size of Litopenaeus vannamei can reach 70-60 tails/kg, in order to achieve high yield and supply large-sized high-quality Litopenaeus vannamei to the market.

In order to better realize the overwintering culture of Litopenaeus vannamei, the following facilities should be provided for the culture pond:

(1) Translucent greenhouse

The main function of the light-transmitting greenhouse is to use the greenhouse effect to maintain a certain water temperature in the breeding pond to ensure the healthy and rapid growth of prawns; the light-transmitting greenhouse should be as airtight as possible without leaving large gaps. The light-transmitting greenhouse is generally one greenhouse per pool to prevent cross-infection of diseases.

The light-transmitting greenhouse includes a greenhouse structure and a light-transmitting agricultural film (such as a PVC light-transmitting agricultural film) covered on the greenhouse structure, wherein the greenhouse structure includes a foundation, a bracket and a steel wire mesh. The foundation (the foundation is used to pull the wire rope) can adopt one of the following two structures: one is a reinforced concrete structure poured along the inner side of the pond, and the other is to insert small piles at a certain distance on the inner side of the pond. The support consists of a fir support set in the middle of the pond, and a steel wire rope pulled between the fir support and the foundation. After the support is set up, lay a layer of steel wire mesh on the entire support, and then cover it with a light-transmitting agricultural film, then cover a layer of mesh on the light-transmitting agricultural film, and then pull a layer of steel wire rope to compress it (each wire rope at both ends are usually connected to the foundation). After the film covering is completed, a door is opened for each light-transmitting greenhouse as a working entrance and exit.

(2) Aquaculture pond drainage system

The purpose of overwintering greenhouse culture is to increase the temperature of the culture water and provide healthy and rapid growth conditions for prawns. The amount of water exchanged for culture should be as small as possible. Therefore, the culture pond needs to be equipped with an efficient collection and drainage system for the pond, and an efficient central drainage (sewage) hole should be built to facilitate better Collect sewage, reduce the pollution of aquaculture metabolites to the water environment, and ensure the healthy and rapid growth of prawns.

The drainage system of the aquaculture pond consists of a central drain, a drain pipe, a water collection well and a drainage ditch. The central drain is located in the center of the aquaculture pond, and the central drain is covered with an anti-escape device (such as a screen); the central drain is passed through the drain pipe. (The drainage pipe can adopt PVC pipe) to be connected to the water collection well; the water collection well is connected to the drainage ditch.

The central drain can be square or circular, and the side length of the square or the diameter of the circle is preferably 1m. The periphery of the central drain is usually in the shape of a pot bottom, which is convenient for sewage collection and discharge.

The water collection well is the connection structure between the drainage pipe and the drainage ditch. Every two or four aquaculture ponds share a water collection well. The drainage pipe of each aquaculture pond needs to install a control water gate valve or a vertical PVC drainage control at the water collection well. Tube.

The drainage ditch is the terminal drainage structure leading from the collection well to the sea, and is usually buried at the lowest end of the drainage well. Drains are generally constructed with PVC pipes or cement culverts. The depth, slope, and pipe diameter of the bottom of the drainage ditch are determined according to the size of the breeding pond area.

(3) Oxygenation facilities

Oxygenation facilities are used to supplement external fresh air inside the light-transmitting greenhouse. Since the light-transmitting greenhouse is a nearly airtight space, it must be supplemented with fresh air from an external source, so oxygenation facilities are required. Usually, in addition to being equipped with aeration facilities such as traditional aerators, a Roots blower aeration system needs to be added during the breeding period.

Using light-transmitting greenhouses for overwintering culture can increase the temperature of the cultured water and provide conditions for the healthy and rapid growth of prawns. The amount of water exchanged in the culture should be as little as possible. Therefore, the culture pond should be equipped with the above-mentioned culture pond drainage system to facilitate better sewage collection and reduce culture metabolism. It can prevent the pollution of the water environment by substances and ensure the healthy and rapid growth of prawns.

The present invention can realize two cultures of Litopenaeus vannamei overwintering. The first time is usually harvested at the peak of sales demand before the Spring Festival, and the second time is harvested in May (20-30 days earlier than ordinary ponds without winter sheds). ), due to off-season sales during the harvest period, the price of prawns is higher than in summer, and the economic benefits are good. From another perspective, the off-season harvest of prawns meets the needs of citizens for their "vegetable baskets".

In the present invention, by rationally arranging 2 times of culture period, scientific release of seedlings, reasonable harvest, and using the light-transmitting greenhouse to control the water temperature of the culture pond within a suitable range, 2 times of overwintering culture of Litopenaeus vannamei is realized, that is, 1 winter span Years (such as from September to May of the following year) culture 2 times of Litopenaeus vannamei, which increases 1 generation of winter production compared with general 1 generation of overwintering culture, which is conducive to improving the cultured output of Litopenaeus vannamei, improving economic benefits, and better Satisfying market demand and ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry has good economic and practical significance. The invention is suitable for cultivating Litopenaeus vannamei in subtropical regions in southern China by constructing a greenhouse with cultivating ponds for overwintering.

detailed description

The Litopenaeus vannamei farm used in this example is located in Shantou City in the coastal subtropical region of southern China. The Litopenaeus vannamei farm has 8 breeding ponds, each of which is 4.0 mu, and the total breeding area is 32 mu.

In this method of cultivating Litopenaeus subvannamei for overwintering in a greenhouse, the Litopenaeus vannamei is cultivated according to the following steps:

(1) The first farming

(1-1) At the beginning of September, build a greenhouse structure (that is, the three parts of the foundation, support and steel wire mesh) on the 8 breeding ponds, but do not cover the light-transmitting agricultural film for the time being);

On September 15th, seawater was introduced into each breeding pond, and Litopenaeus vannamei seedlings (the first shrimp seedlings) were fully stocked. The seedling size was 1.0 cm in length, and 100,000 seedlings were released per mu, with a total of 3.2 million seedlings. tail. The water temperature in this season is 28-32 ℃, which is suitable for the rapid growth of shrimp seedlings;

(1-2) On October 15th, after 30 days of the breeding period, when the water temperature in the sea area (that is, the water temperature of the breeding pond) dropped to 25°C, the light-transmitting agricultural film (PVC light-transmitting film) was laid on the greenhouse structure that had been built. Agricultural film), forming a light-transmitting greenhouse covering the aquaculture pond, using the greenhouse effect to maintain and increase the water temperature of the pond, and keeping the water temperature of the pond at 25-30°C;

(1-3) The first farming period is 100 days until December 25th (the size of Litopenaeus vannamei can reach 90-100 tails/kg), and 2 of the breeding ponds (accounting for 25% of the total breeding area) are harvested first. vannamei, these 2 ponds were used as the second standard thick pond for intensive temporary rearing of shrimp seedlings after harvesting Litopenaeus vannamei; the other 6 culture ponds (accounting for 75% of the total culture area) were used For prawns, continue to breed until harvested on January 15-20 of the following year (Litopenaeus vannamei size: 60-80 tails/kg);

On January 5 of the following year, after cleaning and disinfecting the 2 standard rough ponds for intensive temporary breeding of the second shrimp seedlings, introduce seawater (outer seawater temperature 16°C) to a water depth of 50cm, and then introduce the upper layer of pond water (water temperature 25°C) from the unharvested culture pond. ℃), until the water depth of the second shrimp seedling intensive temporary storage standard rough pond is 120cm; until January 10, adjust the water temperature to 23-24°C, and prepare to put the second shrimp seedlings.

(2) Second farming

(2-1) On January 10 of the next year, use the 2 second intensive temporary culture ponds for shrimp seedlings described in step (1-3) (that is, the 2 culture ponds where Litopenaeus vannamei was first harvested) for temporary cultivation The standard thickness of the second production of shrimp seedlings; the above two aquaculture ponds have a total area of 8 mu for seedlings, 600,000 seedlings per mu, and a total of 4.8 million seedlings for intensive temporary rearing of shrimp seedlings;

The other 6 breeding ponds were cultured until January 15-20, after harvesting, cleaning, repairing and arranging the ponds, and arranging oxygenation systems and other preparations; on February 1, they began to enter seawater to a water depth of 100cm, carry out water disinfection and cultivate water quality, Use the "greenhouse effect" of the light-transmitting greenhouse to increase the water temperature of the pond water; on February 15, the water temperature of the six cultured ponds was raised to 24°C, and the juveniles temporarily reared in the second shrimp seedlings intensively raised in the standard thick pond were temporarily raised. Shrimp has been fished in the pond (the juvenile shrimp that will be temporarily raised in the second coarse pond for intensive temporary breeding of shrimp seedlings in 2 ports will be separately raised to the other 6 culture ponds; the juvenile shrimp can be caught in the pond with a special shrimp trawl for the purpose of dense mesh), 80,000 juvenile shrimps are moved into the breeding pond per mu, and when they are separated, the juvenile shrimp size is 4-6cm in length and 2,500 prawns/kg in weight;

(2-2) From the second culture until May 5th, first harvest half of the Litopenaeus vannamei in the pond (85-90 tails/kg of Litopenaeus vannamei) in the pond to reduce the breeding density, and the remaining Litopenaeus vannamei will be harvested again. Breed until May 25 (at this time, the size of Litopenaeus vannamei can reach 70-65 tails/kg), and the overall harvest will end on May 30.

In the process of the first culture and the second culture, the water temperature of the culture pond is controlled between 22-32°C (preferably controlled between 25-30°C). Among the present invention, each stage of cultivation period carries out in the following manner to the water temperature regulation and control of cultivation pond:

Among the present invention, each stage of cultivation period carries out in the following manner to the water temperature regulation and control of cultivation pond:

a) In the early stage of the first breeding (September), take advantage of the high temperature weather in the southern coastal subtropical regions of China in September to arrange the first breeding and releasing seedlings; at this time, the water temperature in the sea area is generally 28-32°C, and seawater is introduced into the breeding pond , the water temperature is sufficient to meet the growth requirements of shrimp seedlings, and the light-transmitting greenhouse does not need to be covered with light-transmitting agricultural film;

b) From the late stage of the first production to the middle period of the second production (November to March of the next year), the weather is cold and the water temperature is low at this stage. Try to make the light-transmitting greenhouse airtight, so as not to drop the water temperature too quickly and affect the growth of prawns . If it is necessary to enter the water, it is generally sunny and sunny, and it is carried out during a period of high temperature (such as 10:00-16:00);

c) In the mid-stage of the first cultivation period (October) and the late period of the second cultivation period (April-May of the following year), the temperature changes greatly in these two stages, and it is necessary to master the covering and lifting of the transparent agricultural film according to the specific weather conditions Timing, that is: during the filming period, if the temperature is high during the day, when the water temperature in the aquaculture pond exceeds 32°C, lift the light-transmitting agricultural film around the aquaculture pond to prevent the temperature from rising too fast; Cover with light-transmitting agricultural film to prevent the temperature from dropping too quickly.

Present embodiment also adopts following cultivation technology measure:

(a) Water intake and water treatment: When water intake is required, seawater is introduced into the culture pond, and the initial water intake level is 1.0-1.5 meters; after water intake, water disinfection is carried out at night, and then fertilization and beneficial microbial preparations are applied to the water.

When entering the water, try to extract seawater during spring tides to ensure better water quality. Use halogen disinfectant (such as strong chlorine 2-3ppm) for water disinfection. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the water quality. By properly applying beneficial microbial preparations, the probiotics can form a dominant flora in the water body, forming good water quality and water color.

(b) Seed selection and release: shrimp seedlings should be selected from non-specific pathogen-free shrimp seedlings that have passed the test. The body length is preferably 0.8-1.2cm; the water temperature is 22-32°C when releasing seedlings, and the most suitable water temperature is 25-30°C.

(c) Water quality control: control the water quality by fertilizing, applying beneficial microbial preparations, and changing water. Early influent water needs to be pretreated by sedimentation, filtration and disinfection.

Daily measurement of water quality indicators such as water temperature (T _W ), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ ⁺ -N), nitrite (NO ₂ ^- ), transparency, and pool water salinity. Regularly detect changes in the species and quantity of plankton in the culture ponds. Measure the growth of prawns (including body weight, body length, etc.) every 7-10 days. According to the measurement situation, the water quality is regulated so that the water quality indicators such as water temperature (T _W ), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ ⁺ -N), nitrite (NO ₂ ^- ) are in the table 1 In the appropriate value range shown, it is best to adjust to the optimum value range shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Water Quality Index

(d) Water change: Do not drain or change the water within half a month after the seedlings are released, and start to drain through the drainage system of the culture pond after half a month, and then gradually increase the amount of water change as the shrimp grows to maintain a good bottom quality environment. Frequent suction or diving checks and cleans the bottom of the aquaculture pond, especially the central drain. If you need to enter the water, choose sunny and sunny hours and do it at a time with high temperature (such as 10:00-16:00). When the water temperature is high, you can change the water more appropriately. When the water temperature is low, try to do as little as possible under the premise of normal water quality indicators. Change the water.

(e) Feeding management: the bait is artificially mixed bait, which should meet the relevant regulations of GB13078 and NY5072, and the protein content is required to be not less than 38%; the daily feeding rate of artificially mixed bait is 3% of the body weight of Litopenaeus vannamei. -10%. In the early stage of breeding after the seedlings are released, feed 4-6 times a day, and then adjust the number of feedings to 3-4 times a day as the shrimp grows. Feeding is fed evenly along the edge of the pool.

The above-mentioned breeding ponds are equipped with the following facilities:

(1) Translucent greenhouse

The light-transmitting greenhouse is one shed per pool to prevent cross-infection of diseases. The light-transmitting greenhouse includes a greenhouse structure and a light-transmitting agricultural film (such as a PVC light-transmitting agricultural film) covered on the greenhouse structure, wherein the greenhouse structure includes a foundation, a bracket and a steel wire mesh. The foundation (the foundation is used to pull the wire rope) can adopt one of the following two structures: one is a reinforced concrete structure poured along the inner side of the pond, and the other is to insert small piles at a certain distance on the inner side of the pond. The support consists of a fir support set in the middle of the pond, and a steel wire rope pulled between the fir support and the foundation. After the support is set up, lay a layer of steel wire mesh on the entire support, and then cover it with a light-transmitting agricultural film, then cover a layer of mesh on the light-transmitting agricultural film, and then pull a layer of steel wire rope to compress it (each wire rope at both ends are usually connected to the foundation). After the film covering is completed, a door is opened for each light-transmitting greenhouse as a working entrance and exit.

(2) Aquaculture pond drainage system

The drainage system of the aquaculture pond consists of a central drain, a drain pipe, a water collection well and a drainage ditch. The central drain is located in the center of the aquaculture pond, and the central drain is covered with an anti-escape device (such as a screen); the central drain is passed through the drain pipe. (The drainage pipe can adopt PVC pipe) to be connected to the water collection well; the water collection well is connected to the drainage ditch.

The central drain can be square or circular, and the side length of the square or the diameter of the circle is 1m.

The water collection well is the connection structure between the drainage pipe and the drainage ditch. Every two or four aquaculture ponds share a water collection well. The drainage pipe of each aquaculture pond needs to install a control water gate valve or a vertical PVC drainage control at the water collection well. Tube.

The drainage ditch is the terminal drainage structure leading from the water collection well to the sea, and is buried at the lowest end of the drainage well. Drains can be constructed with PVC pipes or cement culverts.

(3) Oxygenation facilities

Oxygenation facilities are used to supplement external fresh air inside the light-transmitting greenhouse. Usually, in addition to being equipped with aeration facilities such as traditional aerators, a Roots blower aeration system needs to be added during the breeding period.

Claims (9)

1. one kind utilize temperature canopy survive the winter cultivation 2 hurried Litopenaeus vannamei method, it is characterised in that cultivate all receiving in the steps below Shore prawn:

(1) first makes cultivation

(1-1) early September, each cultivating pool is built temperature canopy framework；Mid-September, introducing sea water, to each cultivating pool, is put Support first and make the cultivation of shrimp Seedling；

(1-2), after entering October, when sea area water temperature drop to 25 DEG C, the warm canopy framework built is coated with printing opacity agriculture With film, form the printing opacity temperature canopy covered on cultivating pool, utilize greenhouse effect to keep and improve water water temperature；

(1-3) first when making cultivation to late December, and all during first results account for the cultivating pool of total cultured area 10-25% receives Shore prawn, makes shrimp Seedling the most foster intensive standard crude pool using this part cultivating pool as second after results Litopenaeus vannamei；Remaining accounts for always Litopenaeus vannamei in the cultivating pool of cultured area 75-90%, continues to cultivate, the middle ten days results upper to January in next year；

(2) second make cultivation

(2-1) January in next year is upper, the middle ten days, utilizes described in step (1-3) second to make the intensive standard crude pool of supporting temporarily of shrimp Seedling and supports mark temporarily Thick second makes shrimp Seedling, after cultivating 30-45 days, divides juvenile prawn to support in the cultivating pool accounting for total cultured area 75-90% to remaining and supports Grow；

(2-2) second cultivation is made to results in May.

The most according to claim 1 utilize temperature canopy to survive the winter the method for cultivation 2 hurried Litopenaeus vannamei, it is characterized in that: the One make cultivation and second make cultivation during, cultivating pool water temperature controls between 22-32 DEG C.

The most according to claim 2 utilize temperature canopy to survive the winter the method for cultivation 2 hurried Litopenaeus vannamei, it is characterized in that: the One make cultivation and second make cultivation during, cultivating pool water temperature controls between 25-30 DEG C.

4. the method for cultivation 2 hurried Litopenaeus vannamei of surviving the winter according to the utilization temperature canopy described in any one of claim 1-3, its feature It is: in early January in next year, after making second that shrimp Seedling is intensive and temporarily supporting standard crude pool cleaning and sterilizing, to introduce sea water to depth of water 50-60cm, Introduce upper strata water from the cultivating pool not yet gathered in the crops again, make shrimp Seedling the most foster intensive standard crude pool depth of water 100-120cm to second, Regulation water temperature, to 23-24 DEG C, prepares to put second and makes shrimp Seedling.

5. the method for cultivation 2 hurried Litopenaeus vannamei of surviving the winter according to the utilization temperature canopy described in any one of claim 1-3, its feature It is: in step (2-2) that second makes cultivation at the beginning of 5 months, the first vannamei boone pair of divider lattice 100-80 tail/kg in the middle part of results pond Shrimp, reduces cultivation density, and remaining Litopenaeus vannamei is gathered in the crops after cultivating 20 days again.

6. the method for cultivation 2 hurried Litopenaeus vannamei of surviving the winter according to the utilization temperature canopy described in any one of claim 1-3, its feature It is also to use following cultural technique measure:

A () water inlet processes with water: when need to intake, sea water is introduced cultivating pool, and first water inlet water level is 1.0-1.5 rice；Water inlet After carry out water sterilization in night, then water applied fertilizer and apply effective microorganism preparation；

B () seed selects and puts Seedling: shrimp Seedling selects the most qualified specific pathogen free shrimp Seedling, it is desirable to shrimp Seedling vigor is good, individual Neatly, body surface is without attachment, without jejunum sky stomach phenomenon；Put Seedling specification to be advisable with the shrimp long 0.8-1.2cm of Seedling body；Water temperature when putting Seedling 22-32 DEG C；

(c) regulating and controlling water quality: by applying fertilizer, apply effective microorganism preparation, changing water, water quality is regulated and controled；

Measure water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, these five water quality index of nitrite every day, according to the situation of measurement, to water quality Regulate and control, make these five water quality index of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite be in following ranges: water temperature 22-32 DEG C, dissolved oxygen >=4mg/l, pH value 7.0-9.0, ammonia nitrogen≤0.2mg/l, nitrite≤0.1 mg/l；

D () changes water: not draining in two weeks after putting Seedling, change water, begins through cultivating pool drainage system draining after two weeks, with After be gradually increased quantity of exchanged water along with shrimp bulk-growth；

E () bait throwing in manages: bait uses Articial bait making, and Articial bait making should meet the relevant of GB13078 and NY5072 Regulation requirement, it is desirable to protein content is not less than 38%；Articial bait making day, the rate of throwing something and feeding was the 3-10% of shrimp body weight；

F () gathers in the crops: during the first hurried results, each cultivating pool has disposably gathered in the crops Litopenaeus vannamei；Second hurried results are adopted Receipts technology between taking, first gathers in the crops divider lattice in the middle part of cultivating pool and reaches the Litopenaeus vannamei of 100-80 tail/kg, reduce and support at the beginning of i.e. 5 months Growing density, remaining Litopenaeus vannamei is gathered in the crops after continuing cultivation 20 days.

7. the method for cultivation 2 hurried Litopenaeus vannamei of surviving the winter according to the utilization temperature canopy described in any one of claim 1-3, its feature It is: described printing opacity temperature canopy includes temperature canopy framework and the printing opacity plastic film for agricultural use being coated with on temperature canopy framework, and wherein temperature canopy framework includes ground Base, support and steel wire；Support is by the Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae support being located in the middle of pond, and the steel that tractive is between Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae support and ground Cord forms；After support is put up, on whole support, first spread layer of steel wire net, then cover upper printing opacity plastic film for agricultural use, exist afterwards Printing opacity plastic film for agricultural use upper cover last layer grenadine, then draw layer of steel wire rope to compress；After overlay film completes, a door opened by each printing opacity temperature canopy As work gateway.

8. the method for cultivation 2 hurried Litopenaeus vannamei of surviving the winter according to the utilization temperature canopy described in any one of claim 1-3, its feature It is: described cultivating pool is configured with cultivating pool drainage system；Cultivating pool drainage system is by Central Drainage mouth, drain pipe, collection Well and gutter are constituted, and Central Drainage mouth is positioned at cultivating pool centre, be covered with and prevent escaping shrimp device above Central Drainage mouth；In Centre discharge outlet is communicated to sump through drain pipe；Sump connects with gutter.

9. the method for cultivation 2 hurried Litopenaeus vannamei of surviving the winter according to the utilization temperature canopy described in any one of claim 1-3, its feature It is: described cultivating pool is configured with oxygen supplement facility that oxygen supplement facility is used for as the internal supplemented with exogenous fresh air of printing opacity temperature canopy.