CN101120662A - Method for selectively breeding improved variety of China turtle - Google Patents
Method for selectively breeding improved variety of China turtle Download PDFInfo
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- CN101120662A CN101120662A CNA2007100704936A CN200710070493A CN101120662A CN 101120662 A CN101120662 A CN 101120662A CN A2007100704936 A CNA2007100704936 A CN A2007100704936A CN 200710070493 A CN200710070493 A CN 200710070493A CN 101120662 A CN101120662 A CN 101120662A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The present invention relates to a turtle artificial cultivating method, in particular to a method selecting and breeding the good Chinese turtle strain, which resolves the technical problems of the prior art that the turtle is not selected for breeding in different growth periods, the selection of the turtle is not enough to mix the defective turtle in different periods and the quality-degraded turtle, thereby leading to the degradation of the quality of the offspring of the cultivated parent turtle; the quality is reduced, the growth is slowed down and the disease-resistant ability is weakened. The present invention firstly selects the ecological environment and then selects the parent turtle, the fertilized egg, the juvenile turtle, the adult turtle and the reserve parent turtle in turn; wherein, the selection rate of the parent turtle is from eighty percentages to eighty five percentages; the selection rate of the juvenile turtle is from twenty five percentages to thirty five percentages; the selection rate of the adult turtle is from forty five percentages to fifty five percentages and the selection rate of the reserve parent turtle is from sixty five percentages to seventy five percentages.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the artificial cultivating method of a kind of soft-shelled turtle, especially relate to the method for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of a kind of seed selection.
Background technology
What the conventional cultivation soft-shelled turtle was generally adopted is the nature breeding method.Soft-shelled turtle generally all is in hibernation-like state in winter, often can not lay eggs, and 1 year egg-laying period had only 60～80 days, the soft-shelled turtle ovum under field conditions (factors) the incubation period reach 60～70 days, incubation rate only is 20～30%.Again because just the young soft-shelled turtle body weight of hatching is only about 4 grams, and the phase of looking for food is short again, and lethality is higher under the unfavourable weather condition in the winter time, and it is extremely slow grow, to hatch quantity few so the artificial nature cultures soft-shelled turtle, yield poorly, and quality is not good enough, and economic benefit is bad.
Chinese patent discloses a kind of non-pollution and ecological large-scale soft-shelled turtle culturing method (patent publication No.: CN1895034A), the steps include:
A. the selection of breeding ecological environment: (1) environment: the pond will be arranged on peace and quiet, the leeward place that faces south, has abundant water resources, do not have industrial pollution, planting aquatic plants in the soft-shelled turtle pond, the trees flowers and plants of planting on the earth dyke; (2) pond area: 200～500 square metres of each pool areas of young soft-shelled turtle pond, dark 0.8～1 meter of pond, becoming the soft-shelled turtle pool area is 1500～5000 square metres, 1.2～1.5 meters of the pond degree of depth; (3) water source: source quality wants limpid pollution-free, and pH value 6.5～8.5 is quoted river, spring or reservoir water; (4) slope ratio: than 1: 1.5～2, the water surface is to go up a slope than 1: 2～3 with descending for the water surface;
B. the preparation before putting in a suitable place to breed: clean up the pond (1): cleaned up the pond before young soft-shelled turtle is put in a suitable place to breed; (2) water quality of fostering and apply fertilizer: put before the seedling every mu of water body and use 10～15 kilograms of 250～350 kilograms of the fertilizers of fermentation or inorganic composite fertilizers;
C. put in a suitable place to breed: put in a suitable place to breed the time for go up annual July, the middle ten days, the mu stocking size is 10000～30000 of 5.7 grams/young soft-shelled turtle only, long to 50～100 grams/the time, carry out the branch pool, mu is put 500～2000 of young soft-shelled turtles in a suitable place to breed;
D. the feed of throwing something and feeding: soft-shelled turtle has with feed: A, nuisanceless soft-shelled turtle special compound feed 50%～80%; B, feed of animal origin or vegetable feed 20%～50%;
E. disease prevention and cure: the disease that adopts the method a kind of or that combine in ecological prevention, biological preventing, the chemoprophylaxis to prevent soft-shelled turtle, treat the disease soft-shelled turtle, isolated rearing in time, and treated with medicaments.
But make the soft-shelled turtle that cultivates in this way,, understand like this and mix the inferior soft-shelled turtle in each period wherein owing to do not carry out seed selection at each formative year of soft-shelled turtle, thus cause cultivate into soft-shelled turtle after, the quality of soft-shelled turtle is low, economic benefit is not high.
Summary of the invention
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of a kind of seed selection, be applied in the filial generation of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, the utilization present technique is optimized cultivation reinforcement selection to each vegetative stage in a seed selection of Chinese soft-shelled turtle generation, and purification and rejuvenation are to reach the target of breeding variety.This method mainly is to solve the existing in prior technology soft-shelled turtle not carry out seed selection at each formative year, the selection dynamics is not enough, like this can be the inferior soft-shelled turtle in each period, the soft-shelled turtle that germplasm is degenerated is mixed wherein, thus cause cultivate the soft-shelled turtle of getting married after, soft-shelled turtle offspring germplasm is degenerated, quality descends, it is slack-off to grow, and the technical problem that premunition weakens causes economic benefit not high.
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly solved by following technical proposals:
The method of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of seed selection of the present invention is characterized in that:
A. the selection of ecotope:
(1) environment: select peace and quiet to have abundant water resources, advance draining and build the pond in the place easily, the soft-shelled turtle pond needs leeward facing south;
(2) soft-shelled turtle pond specification: pond area 2500～3500m
2, the dark 1.1～1.5m in pond has the shoal around the pond, the shoal is a dried up 10cm～20cm;
(3) spawning ground: the south or the north side in soft-shelled turtle pond have the spawning ground, and length accounts for 45～55% of pool side, builds awning, and physical features is higher than pond peak level 40～60cm, require rainy day ponding not, are equipped with the yellow sand of 15～25cm thickness in the spawning ground;
(4) feed table: set up with cement tile, by northern 15 ~ 25cm place below the water surface on one side, be barricaded as strip with the polylith cement tile in the soft-shelled turtle pond, length accounts for 70 ~ 90% of pool side;
(5) flat roof: 2～4 flat roofs are built in every pond, 7～9 square metres every;
B. close soft-shelled turtle source, selection:
(1) close soft-shelled turtle source: the original seed of selecting Japan to introduce, and cultivate and screen and obtain through the outer pool; Or choose from Chinese soft-shelled turtle seed multiplication farm at the provincial and ministerial level;
(2) close soft-shelled turtle is selected: selection criteria is that profile is complete, nothing is wounded or disabled, undistorted, the back yellow green, and faint yellow sparrow pecked gathers; The beautiful white of belly, periphery is displaing yellow slightly, and there is a triangle blackspot at the belly center, some all around symmetrical fritter blackspots; Body surface smooth is glossy, and the back of the body, belly do not have obvious wrinkle, and hard, the shirt rim is generous, and is strong; Back of the body center is the twice indenture slightly, and dorsal ribs does not appear; Disease-free, the physique stalwartness; Female soft-shelled turtle is more than 3 ages, body weight 1.0～3.0kg, and male soft-shelled turtle is more than 3 ages, body weight 1.5～3.0kg; Select the close soft-shelled turtle date in 9 months, the last ten-days period or next year parent soft-shelled turtle carries out after reviving; Selection rate is 80～85%;
C. the selection of fertilized egg:
Selection criteria is fertilized egg chorion color clear, and is glossy, shows slightly pink, and the fertilization line is clear obviously, and ovum weighs 5～8g; Be May ~ July option date, selects the fertilized egg that meets selection criteria every day, enters the hatching house;
D. selection of young soft-shelled turtle and cultivation
(1) selection criteria: specification is 5～10g, the physique stalwartness, and action is active, does not have permanent disability, does not have deformity; Be that then July is to late August option date; Selection rate is 25～35%;
(2) reinforced cultivating: reinforced cultivating carries out in storage pond, holding pond, and storage pond, holding pond is built in the warm canopy, and breeding density is 90～110/m
2, starter diet is selected the perfect compound feed of egg yolk and the special use of young soft-shelled turtle opening for use, reaches soft-shelled turtle body stalwartness through supporting temporarily, and diaphragm is glossy, and is individual neat;
(3) cultivating condition: adopt booth cement pit temperature control to culture, do not have sand at the bottom of the pond, in establish the net nest, for young soft-shelled turtle perch, hidden, feed table is set up with cement tile, lies against underwater 5cm～8cm, and the oxygenation facility is selected air pump, gas madreporic canal road, independently culvert system and temperature controlling instruments for use; Before putting in a suitable place to breed young soft-shelled turtle and soft-shelled turtle pond are carried out disinfection;
(4) breeding density is that every square metre of water surface is put 15～25 in a suitable place to breed, and young soft-shelled turtle is thrown raise;
(5) booth temperature-controlling chamber inner control water temperature 29～30 degree, room temperature is dried up 1 meter 32～35 degree;
E. become selection and the cultivation of soft-shelled turtle:
(1) selection criteria: select the physique stalwartness, body colour is bright-coloured, is active in one's movements, and eyes are bright, the one-tenth soft-shelled turtle that anosis nothing is hindered; More than the female soft-shelled turtle body weight 300g, more than the male soft-shelled turtle body weight 400g; Be in June, second option date; Selection rate is 45～55%;
(2) cultivate: select good water-retaining property, at the bottom of the husky mud, sun-drenched pond; To put into the pond after the sterilization of soft-shelled turtle body, breeding density is per hundred square metres and puts 100～200 in a suitable place to breed, and throws and raise.
Around the soft-shelled turtle pond shoal is arranged,, improve fertilization rate in order to close soft-shelled turtle mating.Flat roof can be made with bamboo chip, shines the back of the body, pesticide-germicide in order to daylight.
The environment in the place of production meets the regulation of GB3095 and GB18407.4, and the water quality at water source meets the requirement of GB11607 and NY5051.Can be provided with per 30 close soft-shelled turtles in the soft-shelled turtle pond and be no less than 1m
2Solarization back of the body facility.Have the anti-facility of escaping around the pond; Independently water-in and water-out facility is arranged, and at intake-outlet wire netting is installed and is prevented escaping.Cultivation, the fertilized egg hatching of parent soft-shelled turtle can be that Chinese soft-shelled turtle artificial propagation and breeding technology rules are cultivated according to SC/T 1010.
As preferably, carry out the selection of reserve parent soft-shelled turtle after the described step e:
(1) selection criteria: select build complete, do not have that wounded or disabled, undistorted, body colour is normal, skin Lightening, the roomy plumpness in shirt rim, physique stalwartness, the close soft-shelled turtle that is quick on the draw, climbs effectively, stands up fast and flexible are more than the female soft-shelled turtle body weight 750g, more than the male soft-shelled turtle body weight 1000g; Be early October option date; Selection rate is 65～75%;
(2) cultivate: breeding density is per 2～3m
2Put 1 in a suitable place to breed, the male and female proportioning is 5～7: 1.
Select through four times altogether from fertilized egg to close soft-shelled turtle, total selection rate is controlled between 5%～15%.Cultivation of reserve parent soft-shelled turtle and the breeding method of close soft-shelled turtle are consistent, and its raising and the raising unanimity that becomes soft-shelled turtle.
As preferably, the flat roof among the described step a is that bamboo wood or coating steel pipe are made domes, long 2～4m, and wide 1～2.5m, arch face spread bamboo clappers or net sheet, and 5～10cm in the entry is flooded on both sides.
As preferably, the storage pond, holding pond area in the described steps d is 10～20m
2, the depth of water 25～35cm establishes smooth plank and tiltedly puts for young soft-shelled turtle and seek connections with, have a rest in the pond, and the food platform is set up with cement tile, floods upstream face 3～5cm, establishes smooth plank in the pond and tiltedly puts for young soft-shelled turtle and seek connections with, have a rest, and the food platform is set up with cement tile, floods upstream face 3～5cm.
As preferably, sterilization is in the described steps d: with the bleaching powder 20 * 10 that contains available chlorine 30%
-6To soft-shelled turtle pond sterilization, the next day rinse the back water inlet well, breeding water is with 2 * 10
-6Bleaching powder sterilization, put seedling after 3 days; Use potassium permanganate 20 * 10 before putting in a suitable place to breed
-6Solution is young soft-shelled turtle dipping bath 8～12 minutes, or with 3% saline solution dipping bath 5 minutes.
As preferably, the cultivating condition in the described steps d adopts booth cement pit temperature control to culture single pool area 20～80m
2, the dark 60～80cm in pond, the depth of water 30～50cm.
As preferably, throwing in the described steps d is raised to feed and is selected young soft-shelled turtle perfect compound feed for use, be processed into soft graininess, particle diameter is cultured the adjustment of stage caliber size with young soft-shelled turtle, can eat flatly with young soft-shelled turtle and to be as the criterion, day feeding volume is 5%～8% of a soft-shelled turtle body weight, day throws something and feeds 3 times, quantitatively feed is thrown on feed table that feed is formed and mass percent is: white fish meal 35～40%; Yeast 4～6%; Enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean powder 25～30%; Starch 20～25%; Multidimensional 0.9～1.2%; Many ore deposits 0.8～1.0%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8～1.0%; Choline Chloride 0.3～0.5%.
As preferably, the Chi Shui in soft-shelled turtle pond is light green or bronzing in the described steps d, transparency 20cm～25cm, and ammonia nitrogen is 0.3 * 10
-6Below, nitrite 0.2 * 10
-6Below, the water colour non-whitening does not turn black, and no oil film does not have stench flavor.Can carry out water quality management to Chi Shui, the beneficial microbe of improvement water quality and epidemic prevention such as regularly use, water is changed in diligent blowdown in good time, alleviates the water body build up of dirt, and the quicklime slurry of regularly splashing.Need examine the young soft-shelled turtle situation of ingesting every day, active situation and water quality condition are measured water temperature, regularly chemically examine pond water quality, isolate hinder, sick individual, pinpoint the problems and in time take measures, conscientiously carry out and culture the daily record record.
As preferably, the pond area among the described step e is 1800～2200m
2, the depth of water 1～1.3m, pool side does not have the gentle slope, is provided with to shine back of the body platform, and is provided with rectangular feed table under water in north side, soft-shelled turtle pond.Become soft-shelled turtle before putting in a suitable place to breed, to drain Chi Shui, remove too much mud, tan by the sun at the bottom of the pond, clean up the pond with the dried pond of quicklime and sterilize or the water sterilization of bleaching powder band.
As preferably, to throw the feed of raising among the described step e and select into the soft-shelled turtle perfect compound feed for use, collocation accounts for the vegetable feed of gross mass 2%～3%, the part of throwing something and feeding fresh food; Trionyx sinensis feed is processed soft grain diameter and is advisable to be fit to the soft-shelled turtle bore, throws on the feed of setting up in water, and day throws something and feeds 2 times; Its feed is formed and mass percent is: white fish meal 30～35%; Yeast 2～4%; Enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean powder 28～33%; Starch 22～28%; Multidimensional 1.0～1.5%; Many ore deposits 0.9～1.2%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.9～1.2%; Choline Chloride 0.3～0.5%.Vegetable feed can be pumpkin, watermelon peel, carrot, and fresh food can be small fish, shrimp, earthworm, freshwater mussel meat, with quality, the local flavor that improves into soft-shelled turtle.
Therefore, the present invention has from fertilized egg to close soft-shelled turtle altogether through four times and selects, and total selection rate is carried out seed selection between being controlled at 5%～15%, seed selection is come out be formed into soft-shelled turtle after, the quality of soft-shelled turtle is higher, the characteristics of better economic benefit.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1: the method for this routine seed selection China soft-shelled turtle breeding the steps include:
A. the selection of ecotope:
(1) environment: select peace and quiet to have abundant water resources, advance draining and build the pond in the place easily, the soft-shelled turtle pond needs leeward facing south, and is convenient to soft-shelled turtle and shines the back of the body, helps mating;
(2) soft-shelled turtle pond specification: pond area 3000m
2, the dark 1.3m in pond has the shoal around the pond, the shoal is a dried up 15cm, and be provided with per 30 close soft-shelled turtles and be no less than 1m
2Solarization back of the body facility.Have the anti-facility of escaping around the pond; Independently water-in and water-out facility is arranged, and at intake-outlet wire netting is installed and is prevented escaping;
(3) spawning ground: the south or the north side in soft-shelled turtle pond have the spawning ground, and physical features is higher than pond peak level 50cm, require rainy day ponding not, are equipped with the yellow sand of 20cm thickness in the spawning ground;
(4) feed table: set up with cement tile, by the following 20cm of one side water surface place, north, be barricaded as strip with the polylith cement tile in the soft-shelled turtle pond, length accounts for 80% of pool side;
(5) flat roof: make domes with bamboo wood or coating steel pipe, long 3m, wide 2m, arch face spread bamboo clappers or net sheet, and 5～10cm in the entry is flooded on both sides, and for the soft-shelled turtle climbing, 2 flat roofs are built in every pond, 8 square metres every;
B. close soft-shelled turtle source, selection:
(1) close soft-shelled turtle source: the original seed of selecting Japan to introduce, and cultivate and screen and obtain through the outer pool; Or choose from Chinese soft-shelled turtle seed multiplication farm at the provincial and ministerial level;
(2) close soft-shelled turtle is selected: selection criteria is that profile is complete, nothing is wounded or disabled, undistorted, the back yellow green, and faint yellow sparrow pecked gathers; The beautiful white of belly, periphery is displaing yellow slightly, and there is a triangle blackspot at the belly center, some all around symmetrical fritter blackspots; Body surface smooth is glossy, and the back of the body, belly do not have obvious wrinkle, and hard, the shirt rim is generous, and is strong; Back of the body center is the twice indenture slightly, and dorsal ribs does not appear; Disease-free, the physique stalwartness; Female soft-shelled turtle is more than 3 ages, body weight 1.0～3.0kg, and male soft-shelled turtle is more than 3 ages, body weight 1.5～3.0kg; Select the close soft-shelled turtle date in 9 months, the last ten-days period or next year parent soft-shelled turtle carries out after reviving; Selection rate is 80%; The cultivation of parent soft-shelled turtle can be that Chinese soft-shelled turtle artificial propagation and breeding technology rules are cultivated according to SC/T 1010;
C. the selection of fertilized egg:
Selection criteria is fertilized egg chorion color clear, and is glossy, shows slightly pink, and the fertilization line is clear obviously, and ovum weighs 5～8g; Be May～July option date, selects the fertilized egg that meets selection criteria every day, enters the hatching house; Fertilized egg hatching is that Chinese soft-shelled turtle artificial propagation and breeding technology rules are hatched according to SC/T 1010;
D. selection of young soft-shelled turtle and cultivation
(1) selection criteria: specification is 5～10g, the physique stalwartness, and action is active, does not have permanent disability, does not have deformity; Be that then July is to late August option date; Selection rate is 30%;
(2) reinforced cultivating: generally will to build up health, reduce disease after young soft-shelled turtle hatches through the reinforced cultivating of 2 all left and right sides times.Reinforced cultivating carries out in storage pond, holding pond, and storage pond, holding pond is built in the warm canopy, cement pit area 10～20m
2, depth of water 30cm, breeding density are 100/m
2Establishing smooth plank in the pond tiltedly puts for young soft-shelled turtle and seeks connections with, has a rest, the food platform is set up with cement tile, floods about upstream face 3～5cm, before the cultivation, must be to young soft-shelled turtle, storage pond, holding pond and instrument strict sterilization, starter diet is selected the perfect compound feed of egg yolk and the special use of young soft-shelled turtle opening for use, and feed should meet SC/T 1047 related requests, reaches soft-shelled turtle body stalwartness through supporting temporarily, diaphragm is glossy, and is individual neat;
(3) cultivating condition: adopt booth cement pit temperature control to culture single pool area 20～80m
2, the dark 60～80cm in pond, the depth of water 30～50cm does not have sand at the bottom of the pond, in establish the net nest, for young soft-shelled turtle perch, hidden, feed table is set up with cement tile, lies against underwater 5～8cm, the oxygenation facility is selected air pump, gas madreporic canal road, independently culvert system and temperature controlling instruments for use.With the bleaching powder 20 * 10 that contains available chlorine 30%
-6To soft-shelled turtle pond sterilization, the next day rinse the back water inlet well, breeding water is with 2 * 10
-6Bleaching powder sterilization, put seedling after 3 days.Young soft-shelled turtle before putting in a suitable place to breed need be used potassium permanganate 20 * 10
-6Solution dipping bath 10 minutes, or 3% saline solution dipping bath 5 minutes;
(4) breeding density is that every square metre of water surface is put 20 in a suitable place to breed, and young soft-shelled turtle thrown raise, feed is selected young soft-shelled turtle perfect compound feed for use, feed should meet the related request that SC/T 1047 is Chinese soft-shelled turtle compound feed, be processed into soft graininess, particle diameter is cultured the adjustment of stage caliber size with young soft-shelled turtle, and can eat flatly with young soft-shelled turtle is as the criterion.Day, feeding volume was 5～8% of a soft-shelled turtle body weight, and day throws something and feeds 3 times, early, middle and late each 1 time, quantitatively feed was thrown on feed table;
Feed is formed and mass percent is: white fish meal 40%; Yeast 6%; Enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean powder 27%; Starch 23.5%; Multidimensional 1.0%; Many ore deposits 1.0%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0%; Choline Chloride 0.5%.
(5) booth temperature-controlling chamber inner control water temperature 29 degree, room temperature is dried up 1 meter 35 degree;
Chi Shui need keep being light green or bronzing, transparency 20～25cm, and ammonia nitrogen is 0.3 * 10
-6Below, nitrite 0.2 * 10
-6Below, the water colour non-whitening does not turn black, and no oil film does not have stench flavor.The beneficial microbe of improvement water quality and epidemic prevention such as regularly use, water is changed in diligent blowdown in good time, alleviates the water body build up of dirt, the quicklime of regularly splashing slurry.Need examine the young soft-shelled turtle situation of ingesting every day, active situation and water quality condition are measured water temperature, regularly chemically examine pond water quality, isolate hinder, sick individual, pinpoint the problems and in time take measures, conscientiously carry out and culture the daily record record;
E. become selection and the cultivation of soft-shelled turtle:
(1) selection criteria: select the physique stalwartness, body colour is bright-coloured, is active in one's movements, and eyes are bright, the one-tenth soft-shelled turtle that anosis nothing is hindered; More than the female soft-shelled turtle body weight 300g, more than the male soft-shelled turtle body weight 400g; Be in June, second option date; Selection rate is 50%;
(2) cultivate: select good water-retaining property, at the bottom of the husky mud, sun-drenched pond, area 2000m
2About, about depth of water 1.2m, having around the pond and prevent escaping facility, pool side does not have the gentle slope, also should set up and shine back of the body platform.On one side set up a rectangular under water feed table in the pond by north with cement tile.Become soft-shelled turtle to put in a suitable place to breed and drain Chi Shui before, remove too much mud, tan by the sun at the bottom of the pond, clean up the pond with the dried pond of quicklime and sterilize or the water sterilization of bleaching powder band.When putting in a suitable place to breed with 30 * 10
-6Liquor potassic permanganate dipping bath 5～10 minutes, action will be put down gently in pool side when putting in a suitable place to breed, allows it climb in the water voluntarily or connect basin slowly pour in the pool side water.Breeding density is every m
2The water surface is put 2 in a suitable place to breed, also can suitably rarely support.Feed is selected into the soft-shelled turtle perfect compound feed for use should meet SC/T 1047 standards, and feed is formed and mass percent is: white fish meal 33%; Yeast 4%; Enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean powder 33%; Starch 26.5%; Multidimensional 1.0%; Many ore deposits 1.0%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0%; Choline Chloride 0.5% is with quality, the local flavor that improves into soft-shelled turtle.
Embodiment 2: the method for this routine seed selection China soft-shelled turtle breeding the steps include:
A. the selection of ecotope:
(1) environment: select peace and quiet to have abundant water resources, advance draining and build the pond in the place easily, the soft-shelled turtle pond needs leeward facing south, and is convenient to soft-shelled turtle and shines the back of the body, helps mating;
(2) soft-shelled turtle pond specification: pond area 3000m
2, the dark 1.3m in pond has the shoal around the pond, the shoal is a dried up 15cm, and be provided with per 30 close soft-shelled turtles and be no less than 1m
2Solarization back of the body facility.Have the anti-facility of escaping around the pond; Independently water-in and water-out facility is arranged, and at intake-outlet wire netting is installed and is prevented escaping;
(3) spawning ground: the south or the north side in soft-shelled turtle pond have the spawning ground, and physical features is higher than pond peak level 50cm, require rainy day ponding not, are equipped with the yellow sand of 20cm thickness in the spawning ground;
(4) feed table: set up with cement tile, by the following 20cm of one side water surface place, north, be barricaded as strip with the polylith cement tile in the soft-shelled turtle pond, length accounts for 80% of pool side;
(5) flat roof: make domes with bamboo wood or coating steel pipe, long 3m, wide 2m, arch face spread bamboo clappers or net sheet, and 5～10cm in the entry is flooded on both sides, and for the soft-shelled turtle climbing, 2 flat roofs are built in every pond, 8 square metres every;
B. close soft-shelled turtle source, selection:
(1) close soft-shelled turtle source: the original seed of selecting Japan to introduce, and cultivate and screen and obtain through the outer pool; Or choose from Chinese soft-shelled turtle seed multiplication farm at the provincial and ministerial level;
(2) close soft-shelled turtle is selected: selection criteria is that profile is complete, nothing is wounded or disabled, undistorted, the back yellow green, and faint yellow sparrow pecked gathers; The beautiful white of belly, periphery is displaing yellow slightly, and there is a triangle blackspot at the belly center, some all around symmetrical fritter blackspots; Body surface smooth is glossy, and the back of the body, belly do not have obvious wrinkle, and hard, the shirt rim is generous, and is strong; Back of the body center is the twice indenture slightly, and dorsal ribs does not appear; Disease-free, the physique stalwartness; Female soft-shelled turtle is more than 3 ages, body weight 1.0～3.0kg, and male soft-shelled turtle is more than 3 ages, body weight 1.5～3.0kg; Select the close soft-shelled turtle date in 9 months, the last ten-days period or next year parent soft-shelled turtle carries out after reviving; Selection rate is 80%; The cultivation of parent soft-shelled turtle can be that Chinese soft-shelled turtle artificial propagation and breeding technology rules are cultivated according to SC/T 1010;
C. the selection of fertilized egg:
Selection criteria is fertilized egg chorion color clear, and is glossy, shows slightly pink, and the fertilization line is clear obviously, and ovum weighs 5～8g; Be May～July option date, selects the fertilized egg that meets selection criteria every day, enters the hatching house; Fertilized egg hatching is that Chinese soft-shelled turtle artificial propagation and breeding technology rules are hatched according to SC/T 1010;
D. selection of young soft-shelled turtle and cultivation
(1) selection criteria: specification is 5～10g, the physique stalwartness, and action is active, does not have permanent disability, does not have deformity; Be that then July is to late August option date; Selection rate is 30%;
(2) reinforced cultivating: generally will to build up health, reduce disease after young soft-shelled turtle hatches through the reinforced cultivating of 2 all left and right sides times.Reinforced cultivating carries out in storage pond, holding pond, and storage pond, holding pond is built in the warm canopy, cement pit area 10～20m
2, depth of water 30cm, breeding density are 100/m
2Establishing smooth plank in the pond tiltedly puts for young soft-shelled turtle and seeks connections with, has a rest, the food platform is set up with cement tile, floods about upstream face 3～5cm, before the cultivation, must be to young soft-shelled turtle, storage pond, holding pond and instrument strict sterilization, starter diet is selected the perfect compound feed of egg yolk and the special use of young soft-shelled turtle opening for use, and feed should meet SC/T 1047 related requests, reaches soft-shelled turtle body stalwartness through supporting temporarily, diaphragm is glossy, and is individual neat;
(3) cultivating condition: adopt booth cement pit temperature control to culture single pool area 20～80m
2, the dark 60～80cm in pond, the depth of water 30～50cm does not have sand at the bottom of the pond, in establish the net nest, for young soft-shelled turtle perch, hidden, feed table is set up with cement tile, lies against underwater 5～8cm, the oxygenation facility is selected air pump, gas madreporic canal road, independently culvert system and temperature controlling instruments for use.With the bleaching powder 20 * 10 that contains available chlorine 30%
-6To soft-shelled turtle pond sterilization, the next day rinse the back water inlet well, breeding water is with 2 * 10
-6Bleaching powder sterilization, put seedling after 3 days.Young soft-shelled turtle before putting in a suitable place to breed need be used potassium permanganate 20 * 10
-6Solution dipping bath 10 minutes, or 3% saline solution dipping bath 5 minutes;
(4) breeding density is that every square metre of water surface is put 20 in a suitable place to breed, and young soft-shelled turtle thrown raise, feed is selected young soft-shelled turtle perfect compound feed for use, feed should meet the related request that SC/T 1047 is Chinese soft-shelled turtle compound feed, be processed into soft graininess, particle diameter is cultured the adjustment of stage caliber size with young soft-shelled turtle, and can eat flatly with young soft-shelled turtle is as the criterion.Day, feeding volume was 5～8% of a soft-shelled turtle body weight, and day throws something and feeds 3 times, early, middle and late each 1 time, quantitatively feed was thrown on feed table;
Feed is formed and mass percent is: white fish meal 40%; Yeast 6%; Enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean powder 27%; Starch 23.5%; Multidimensional 1.0%; Many ore deposits 1.0%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0%; Choline Chloride 0.5%.
(5) booth temperature-controlling chamber inner control water temperature 29 degree, room temperature is dried up 1 meter 35 degree;
Chi Shui need keep being light green or bronzing, transparency 20～25cm, and ammonia nitrogen is 0.3 * 10
-6Below, nitrite 0.2 * 10
-6Below, the water colour non-whitening does not turn black, and no oil film does not have stench flavor.The beneficial microbe of improvement water quality and epidemic prevention such as regularly use, water is changed in diligent blowdown in good time, alleviates the water body build up of dirt, the quicklime of regularly splashing slurry.Need examine the young soft-shelled turtle situation of ingesting every day, active situation and water quality condition are measured water temperature, regularly chemically examine pond water quality, isolate hinder, sick individual, pinpoint the problems and in time take measures, conscientiously carry out and culture the daily record record;
E. become selection and the cultivation of soft-shelled turtle:
(1) selection criteria: select the physique stalwartness, body colour is bright-coloured, is active in one's movements, and eyes are bright, the one-tenth soft-shelled turtle that anosis nothing is hindered; More than the female soft-shelled turtle body weight 300g, more than the male soft-shelled turtle body weight 400g; Be in June, second option date; Selection rate is 50%;
(2) cultivate: select good water-retaining property, at the bottom of the husky mud, sun-drenched pond, area 2000m
2About, about depth of water 1.2m, having around the pond and prevent escaping facility, pool side does not have the gentle slope, also should set up and shine back of the body platform.On one side set up a rectangular under water feed table in the pond by north with cement tile.Become soft-shelled turtle to put in a suitable place to breed and drain Chi Shui before, remove too much mud, tan by the sun at the bottom of the pond, clean up the pond with the dried pond of quicklime and sterilize or the water sterilization of bleaching powder band.When putting in a suitable place to breed with 30 * 10
-6Liquor potassic permanganate dipping bath 5～10 minutes, action will be put down gently in pool side when putting in a suitable place to breed, allows it climb in the water voluntarily or connect basin slowly pour in the pool side water.Breeding density is every m
2The water surface is put 2 in a suitable place to breed, also can suitably rarely support.Feed is selected into the soft-shelled turtle perfect compound feed for use should meet SC/T 1047 standards, vegetable feeds such as collocation 2%～3% pumpkin, watermelon peel, carrot, and the part of throwing something and feeding fresh food small fish, shrimp, earthworm, freshwater mussel meat etc. are with quality, the local flavor that improves into soft-shelled turtle.Feed is formed and mass percent is: white fish meal 33%; Yeast 4%; Enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean powder 33%; Starch 26.5%; Multidimensional 1.0%; Many ore deposits 1.0%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0%; Choline Chloride 0.5% is with quality, the local flavor that improves into soft-shelled turtle.
F. the selection of reserve parent soft-shelled turtle:
(1) selection criteria: select build complete, do not have that wounded or disabled, undistorted, body colour is normal, skin Lightening, the roomy plumpness in shirt rim, physique stalwartness, the close soft-shelled turtle that is quick on the draw, climbs effectively, stands up fast and flexible are more than the female soft-shelled turtle body weight 750g, more than the male soft-shelled turtle body weight 1000g; Be early October option date; Selection rate is 70%;
(2) cultivate: breeding density is per 2～3m
2Put 1 in a suitable place to breed, the male and female proportioning is 5～7: 1, and breeding method is identical with the breeding method that becomes soft-shelled turtle.
Claims (10)
1. the method for seed selection China soft-shelled turtle breeding is characterized in that:
A. the selection of ecotope:
(1) environment: select peace and quiet to have abundant water resources, advance draining and build the pond in the place easily, the soft-shelled turtle pond needs leeward facing south;
(2) soft-shelled turtle pond specification: pond area 2500～3500m
2, the dark 1.1～1.5m in pond has the shoal around the pond, the shoal is dried up a 10～20cm;
(3) spawning ground: the south or the north side in soft-shelled turtle pond have the spawning ground, and length accounts for 45～55% of pool side, builds awning, and physical features is higher than pond peak level 40～60cm, require rainy day ponding not, are equipped with the yellow sand of 15～25cm thickness in the spawning ground;
(4) feed table: set up with cement tile, by northern 15～25cm place below the water surface on one side, be barricaded as strip with the polylith cement tile in the soft-shelled turtle pond, length accounts for 70～90% of pool side;
(5) flat roof: 2～4 flat roofs, every 7～9m are built in every pond
2
B. close soft-shelled turtle source, selection:
(1) close soft-shelled turtle source: the original seed of selecting Japan to introduce, and cultivate and screen and obtain through the outer pool; Or choose from Chinese soft-shelled turtle seed multiplication farm at the provincial and ministerial level;
(2) close soft-shelled turtle is selected: selection criteria is that profile is complete, nothing is wounded or disabled, undistorted, the back yellow green, and faint yellow sparrow pecked gathers; The beautiful white of belly, periphery is displaing yellow slightly, and there is a triangle blackspot at the belly center, some all around symmetrical fritter blackspots; Body surface smooth is glossy, and the back of the body, belly do not have obvious wrinkle, and hard, the shirt rim is generous, and is strong; Back of the body center is the twice indenture slightly, and dorsal ribs does not appear; Disease-free, the physique stalwartness; Female soft-shelled turtle is more than 3 ages, body weight 1.0～3.0kg, and male soft-shelled turtle is more than 3 ages, body weight 1.5～3.0kg; Select the close soft-shelled turtle date in 9 months, the last ten-days period or next year parent soft-shelled turtle carries out after reviving; Selection rate is 80～85%;
C. the selection of fertilized egg:
Selection criteria is fertilized egg chorion color clear, and is glossy, shows slightly pink, and the fertilization line is clear obviously, and ovum weighs 5～8g; Be 5～July option date, selects the fertilized egg that meets selection criteria every day, enters the hatching house;
D. selection of young soft-shelled turtle and cultivation
(1) selection criteria: specification is 5～10g, the physique stalwartness, and action is active, does not have permanent disability, does not have deformity; Be that then July is to late August option date; Selection rate is 25～35%;
(2) reinforced cultivating: reinforced cultivating carries out in storage pond, holding pond, and storage pond, holding pond is built in the warm canopy, and breeding density is 90～110/m
2, starter diet is selected the perfect compound feed of egg yolk and the special use of young soft-shelled turtle opening for use, reaches soft-shelled turtle body stalwartness through supporting temporarily, and diaphragm is glossy, and is individual neat;
(3) cultivating condition: adopt booth cement pit temperature control to culture, do not have sand at the bottom of the pond, in establish the net nest, for young soft-shelled turtle perch, hidden, feed table is set up with cement tile, lies against underwater 5～8cm, and the oxygenation facility is selected air pump, gas madreporic canal road, independently culvert system and temperature controlling instruments for use; Before putting in a suitable place to breed young soft-shelled turtle and soft-shelled turtle pond are carried out disinfection;
(4) breeding density is that every square metre of water surface is put 15～25 in a suitable place to breed, and young soft-shelled turtle is thrown raise;
(5) booth temperature-controlling chamber inner control water temperature 29～30 degree, room temperature is dried up 1 meter 32～35 degree;
E. become selection and the cultivation of soft-shelled turtle:
(1) selection criteria: select the physique stalwartness, body colour is bright-coloured, is active in one's movements, and eyes are bright, the one-tenth soft-shelled turtle that anosis nothing is hindered; More than the female soft-shelled turtle body weight 300g, more than the male soft-shelled turtle body weight 400g; Be in June, second option date; Selection rate is 45～55%;
(2) cultivate: select good water-retaining property, at the bottom of the husky mud, sun-drenched pond; To put into the pond after the sterilization of soft-shelled turtle body, breeding density is per hundred square metres and puts 100～200 in a suitable place to breed, and throws and raise.
2. the method for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of seed selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step e carries out the selection of reserve parent soft-shelled turtle afterwards:
(1) selection criteria: select build complete, do not have that wounded or disabled, undistorted, body colour is normal, skin Lightening, the roomy plumpness in shirt rim, physique stalwartness, the close soft-shelled turtle that is quick on the draw, climbs effectively, stands up fast and flexible are more than the female soft-shelled turtle body weight 750g, more than the male soft-shelled turtle body weight 1000g; Be early October option date; Selection rate is 65～75%;
(2) cultivate: breeding density is per 2～3m
2Put 1 in a suitable place to breed, the male and female proportioning is 5～7: 1.
3. the method for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of seed selection according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the flat roof among the described step a is that bamboo wood or coating steel pipe are made domes, long 2～4m, wide 1～2.5m, arch face is spread bamboo clappers or net sheet, and 5～10cm in the entry is flooded on both sides.
4. the method for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of seed selection according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the storage pond, holding pond area in the described steps d is 10～20m
2, the depth of water 25～35cm establishes smooth plank and tiltedly puts for young soft-shelled turtle and seek connections with, have a rest in the pond, and the food platform is set up with cement tile, floods upstream face 3～5cm, establishes smooth plank in the pond and tiltedly puts for young soft-shelled turtle and seek connections with, have a rest, and the food platform is set up with cement tile, floods upstream face 3～5cm.
5. the method for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of seed selection according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that sterilization is in the described steps d: with the bleaching powder 20 * 10 that contains available chlorine 30%
-6To soft-shelled turtle pond sterilization, the next day rinse the back water inlet well, breeding water is with 2 * 10
-6Bleaching powder sterilization, put seedling after 3 days; Use potassium permanganate 20 * 10 before putting in a suitable place to breed
-6Solution is young soft-shelled turtle dipping bath 8～12 minutes, or with 3% saline solution dipping bath 5 minutes.
6. the method for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of seed selection according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the cultivating condition in the described steps d adopts booth cement pit temperature control to culture single pool area 20～80m
2, the dark 60～80cm in pond, the depth of water 30～50cm.
7. the method for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of seed selection according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that throwing in the described steps d is raised to feed selects young soft-shelled turtle perfect compound feed for use, be processed into soft graininess, particle diameter is cultured the adjustment of stage caliber size with young soft-shelled turtle, can eat flatly with young soft-shelled turtle is as the criterion, and a day feeding volume is 5%～8% of a soft-shelled turtle body weight, day throws something and feeds 3 times, quantitatively feed is thrown on feed table, feed is formed and mass percent is: white fish meal 35～40%; Yeast 4～6%; Enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean powder 25～30%; Starch 20～25%; Multidimensional 0.9～1.2%; Many ore deposits 0.8～1.0%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8～1.0%; Choline Chloride 0.3～0.5%.
8. the method for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of seed selection according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the Chi Shui in soft-shelled turtle pond in the described steps d is light green or bronzing, transparency 20～25cm, and ammonia nitrogen is 0.3 * 10
-6Below, nitrite 0.2 * 10
-6Below, the water colour non-whitening does not turn black, and no oil film does not have stench flavor.
9. the method for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of seed selection according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the pond area among the described step e is 1800～2200m
2, the depth of water 1～1.3m, pool side does not have the gentle slope, is provided with to shine back of the body platform, and is provided with rectangular feed table under water in north side, soft-shelled turtle pond.
10. the method for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding of seed selection according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that throwing among the described step e feed of raising and selects into the soft-shelled turtle perfect compound feed for use, and collocation accounts for the vegetable feed of gross mass 2～3%, the part of throwing something and feeding fresh food; Trionyx sinensis feed is processed soft grain diameter and is advisable to be fit to the soft-shelled turtle bore, throws on the feed of setting up in water, and day throws something and feeds 2 times; Its feed is formed and mass percent is: white fish meal 30～35%; Yeast 2～4%; Enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean powder 28～33%; Starch 22～28%; Multidimensional 1.0～1.5%; Many ore deposits 0.9～1.2%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.9～1.2%; Choline Chloride 03～0.5%.
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| CN104522369A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-22 | 惠州市财兴实业有限公司 | Adult soft-shelled turtle compound feed capable of promoting digestion and preparation method of adult soft-shelled turtle compound feed |
| CN104543517A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-29 | 广东英锐生物科技有限公司 | Turtle artificial feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104430003A (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2015-03-25 | 梧州市景泰养鳖专业合作社 | Manual constructing method of Chinese soft-shelled turtle pond |
| CN104663579A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-03 | 梧州市景泰养鳖专业合作社 | Mating assistance method of parent turtle pool for Chinese soft-shell turtles |
| CN104663578A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-03 | 梧州市景泰养鳖专业合作社 | Management method of Chinese soft-shell turtle parent pool |
| CN104663554A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-03 | 梧州市景泰养鳖专业合作社 | Selection method of Chinese softshell turtle parent turtles |
| CN104782935A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-22 | 梧州市景泰养鳖专业合作社 | Feed for parent turtles of pelodiscus sinensis and manufacturing method of feed |
| CN104824340A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-08-12 | 梧州市景泰养鳖专业合作社 | Chinese softshell turtle parent turtle feed and producing method thereof |
| CN106106266A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-16 | 苏州市金荒田农业科技有限公司 | The high-efficiency breeding method of Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann |
| CN107410172A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-12-01 | 南昌大学 | A kind of Soft-shelled Turtle screening facility and method |
| CN109122573A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-01-04 | 苏州青青水产发展有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of testudinate nursery balance male and female ratio |
| CN112753653A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-05-07 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Greenhouse industrial turtle raising method and application thereof |
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