CN104304181A - High-density pond culture technology of Chinese softshell turtles - Google Patents
High-density pond culture technology of Chinese softshell turtles Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
Disclosed is a high-density pond culture technology of Chinese softshell turtles. The high-density pond culture technology comprises the following important aspects of (1) a culture pond, wherein a softshell turtle culture field is generally selected to be close to a water source, and water quality is kept fresh and free of pollution; (2) artificial egg incubation, wherein an artificial incubator is adopted, temperature is controlled to be 30 DEG C to 31 DEG C, air humidity is controlled to be 85 percent, and sand humidity is controlled to be eight percent to 12 percent; (3) culture density, wherein 35-50 softshell turtles are stocked in the water surface per square meter; (4) feed, wherein the feed comprises childish turtle feed, young turtle feed and adult turtle feed; (5) feeding and management including water quality management, feeding management, disease and insect pest management, density control and pollution-free management; (6) catching, wherein the Chinese softshell turtles released in each batch are caught two times, and subsequent catching needs to be thorough. According to the high-density pond culture technology of the Chinese softshell turtles, the culture field, the culture water quality, artificial incubation, feed matching, staging feeding and other aspects are scientized, high-density culture, high-survival-rate culture and high-quality culture can be achieved in pond culture of the Chinese softshell turtles, and the excellent Chinese softshell turtles are provided for the market.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pond cultivation technology of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis (Trionyx Sinensis), has another name called water fish, soft-shelled turtle, the soft-shelled turtle, is common cultivation tortoise kind.Soft-shelled turtle body body is flat, ovalize, back of the body abdomen tool first.Entire body by the keratin skin of softness, without cutin scultellum.Body colour is basically identical, without distinct light color spot.Head is thick, and front end is slightly triangular in shape.Kiss end extends in a tubular form, and the meat muzzle that tool is long is about equal with eye footpath.Eye is little, is positioned at the both sides, rear in nostril.The meat flavour of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis is delicious, and nutritious, protein content is high, has certain edible, medical value, the market demand and sales volume larger.The existing edibility of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis, also has medical value." Mingyi Bielu " according to Tao Hongjing is recorded, and soft-shelled turtle nature and flavor are sweet, flat, has enriching yin and nourishing kidney, effect of clearing away deficiency-heat.Mainly be distributed in China, Japan, North Vietnam, Korea S, Russian east, be also introduced into the ground such as Thailand, Malaysia, Hawaii.Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis moves in rivers, lakes and marhshes, pond, reservoir etc., and the water flows gently, the freshwater of the numerous life of fishes and shrimps, also often haunts in large mountain stream.Quiet, clean, sun-drenched water bank activity is comparatively frequent, disembarkation sometimes but can not dried up source too far away.Can creep on land, climb, also can in water free swimming.Like wind of getting sun or enjoy the cool.Proverb among the people describes that the activity of soft-shelled turtle is " spring floods and goes on beach, summer, the scorching shade of willow trees was dwelt, autumn cool enter the bottom, winter severe cold sludge pool ".Have summer and shine first custom, cold meeting hibernation in winter, starting next year revives seeks food.Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis eating fishes and shrimps, insect etc., the also plant food such as drinking water grass, cereal, and especially addicted to saprophages such as food smelly fish, rotten shrimps, resistance to hunger, but voracious and cruel, as bait shortage also can kill and devour mutually.Property cowardice be afraid of the sound, in water of hiding daytime or in mud, night, water outlet was looked for food.
Summary of the invention
In order to meet the demand of field alignment China of city soft-shelled turtle, the invention provides the pond cultivation technology of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis, all scientific from the aspect such as place, cultivation breeding, feed management of cultivation, make the Acceleration of growth of middleization soft-shelled turtle, delicious meat.
The high density pond cultivation technology of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis comprises several importances below:
One, cultivating pool, is typically chosen in nearly water source production turtle-breeding field, and water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and the water yield is sufficient, and drainage is local easily;
Two, artificial eggs hatching, will be placed with the incubator box of soft-shelled turtle ovum, be neatly stacked in hatching room, heated by infrared lamp, hatching room temperature is controlled at 30 DEG C ~ 31 DEG C, and air humidity controls 85%, and husky humid control is 8 ~ 12%;
Three, stocking density, 1 meter of dark above pond, every square metre of water surface puts 35 ~ 40 in a suitable place to breed;
Four, feed, feed divides young trionyx sinensis feed, young trionyx sinensis feed and becomes trionyx sinensis feed, and the requirement of young soft-shelled turtle to feed is higher, requires feed essence, thin, soft, fresh, tender, comprehensive nutrition, good palatability; Become the feeding process of soft-shelled turtle generally from the kind soft-shelled turtle putting about 100 grams in a suitable place to breed, to supporting more than 500 grams sales;
Five, feeding and management, comprise water quality management, management of feeding, pest management, control density and nuisanceless management;
Six, fish for, the Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis often criticizing input is fished at twice, and the later stage fishes for and wants thoroughly, can not retain in the later stage mix raising to the Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis being not suitable for weight.
Be typically chosen in nearly water source, water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free production turtle-breeding field, and the water yield is sufficient, and drainage is local easily.Water source is generally the surface water in river, lake or reservoir, pond, and optimal water source is the existing surface water, the waste heat of plant water having again water quality good or thermal water, like this can free adjustment water temperature.The loam that subsoil is good with moisture capacity, permeability is poor or clay are good, and the subsoil upper strata paving mud of 15 ~ 30 cm thicks and the composite soil of fine sand, be beneficial to Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis and perch and hibernation.But the grains of sand should be carefully unsuitable thick, otherwise easily make the skin damage of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis and catch an illness.Acid ground or saline-alkali soil should not build foster soft-shelled turtle pond.Soft-shelled turtle pond should be built in that illumination is good, environment quiet, the leeward place faced south.In addition, also to see whether traffic facilitates, power supply, the energy and whether sufficient etc. raise source supply.
Growing of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis generally can be divided into young soft-shelled turtle, young soft-shelled turtle and become soft-shelled turtle three phases, and this three phases is not identical to the requirement of breeding environment yet.Divide by its body weight, just hatching out be young soft-shelled turtle; 11 ~ 50 grams be young soft-shelled turtle; 51 ~ 200 grams be kind of a soft-shelled turtle; More than 200 grams for becoming soft-shelled turtle; More than 750 ~ 1000 grams be close soft-shelled turtle.Because the growth rate of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis is different, there is again the habit of cannibalism, therefore should pond be divided to raise the Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis of Different growth phases, different size, close soft-shelled turtle ground, young soft-shelled turtle pond, young soft-shelled turtle pond need be built respectively, plant soft-shelled turtle pond, become soft-shelled turtle pond.A complete production turtle-breeding field, except will having above-mentioned 5 kinds of soft-shelled turtle ponds, room of also will laying eggs, cistern, sick soft-shelled turtle isolation tank; Warehouse, add break, pump house, power distribution room etc.The supporting specification ratio of area in the close soft-shelled turtle pond of outdoor Chi Bie plant, young soft-shelled turtle pond, young soft-shelled turtle pond, kind soft-shelled turtle pond, one-tenth soft-shelled turtle pond should be 4:1:2:4:5.
Become the feeding process of soft-shelled turtle generally from the kind soft-shelled turtle putting about 100 grams in a suitable place to breed, to supporting more than 500 grams sales.This process mainly completes in outdoor, with good conditionsily carries out factory production turtle-breeding.Breeding density is different because of the specification difference of soft-shelled turtle.It should be noted that should, according to size stepping, the breed in grades of soft-shelled turtle, avoid mutually baiting, impact growth; When greenhouse moves into outdoor pond, both water temperature difference are adjusted to and are no more than 3 DEG C up and down, otherwise easily make Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis ill.The body weight of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis is 100 grams, puts 3 ~ 5 in a suitable place to breed for every square metre; Body weight about 200 grams, put 2 ~ 3 in a suitable place to breed for every square metre.Become the feedstuff feeding method of soft-shelled turtle, quantity, number of times and kind substantially identical with young soft-shelled turtle, in feeding process, collaboration feed ratio uses various Single feedstuff better effects if.Within the growth thermophilic phase.Following formula can be adopted: fish meal (or dried silkworm chrysalis meal, blood meal etc.) 30%, bean dregs 30%, Fructus Hordei Germinatus 3%, flour 30%, native powder 3%, separately add vegetable oil, bone meal, earthworm powder each 1%, vitamin 0.1%.
The beneficial effect of the high density pond cultivation technology of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis is: the pond cultivation technology of middleization soft-shelled turtle is scientific from the everyway such as cultivation place, cultivate water, artificial incubation, feed formulation, by stages raising, make the cultivation of the pond culture energy high-density breeding of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis, high-servival rate, high quality cultivation, for market provides the Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis of high-quality.
Embodiment
The high density pond cultivation technology of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis carries out enforcement cultivation from several importances below.
One, cultivating pool, culturing pool builds the requirement that should meet Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis life habit.Soft-shelled turtle pond size is unified, and area is each at 15 ~ 20 square metres, and pond is high 0.6 meter, and eaves 8 ~ 10 centimetres is inwardly stretched on pool wall top, in case soft-shelled turtle runs away.Feed table is with long 3 meters, and plank or the cement pre-fabricated panel of wide 0.5 meter are set up, and are submerged in 15 centimetres under water.Mesh bag is set in pond in order to the hidden use of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis.Mesh bag is formed by folded 3 ~ 4 layers of knotless netting, is square, the length of side 40 centimetres, and mesh bag diagonal angle hangs from above, line-spacing 20 centimetres, and nest is apart from 15 centimetres, and mesh bag at the bottom of pond 10 ~ 15 centimetres, surfaces 5 ~ 10 centimetres.
Two, artificial eggs hatching, will be placed with the incubator box of soft-shelled turtle ovum, be neatly stacked in hatching room, heated by infrared lamp, hatching room temperature is controlled at 30 DEG C ~ 31 DEG C, and air humidity controls 85%, and husky humid control is 8 ~ 12%.Soft-shelled turtle ovum can hatch shell through 40 days ~ 45 days.
Three, stocking density, selects without sick and wounded, and without inferior, great-hearted young soft-shelled turtle, the soft-shelled turtle specification in same young soft-shelled turtle pond should be neat, and specification is greater than 3g.Young soft-shelled turtle before putting in a suitable place to breed potassium permanganate 20 mg/litre dipping bath 20 minutes.Namely young soft-shelled turtle after sterilization can be placed in 2% pulp-water changed into young soft-shelled turtle starter diet and opens food, and the time is about 1 hour.When putting in a suitable place to breed, case or basket that sterilization soft-shelled turtle is housed are put in people's water gently, allow soft-shelled turtle climb out of voluntarily, swim in water.Every square metre of water surface puts 35 ~ 40 in a suitable place to breed.
Four, feed, feed divides young trionyx sinensis feed, young trionyx sinensis feed and becomes trionyx sinensis feed, and the requirement of young soft-shelled turtle to feed is higher, requires feed essence, thin, soft, fresh, tender, comprehensive nutrition, good palatability; Become the feeding process of soft-shelled turtle generally from the kind soft-shelled turtle putting about 100 grams in a suitable place to breed, to supporting more than 500 grams sales.Feed should meet the young soft-shelled turtle compound feed of NY5072 and SC/T1047 regulation.Feed addictive should meet the regulation of State Council [1999] 266 command " feed and feed addictive management rules ".Forbid adding hormone and synthetic food color.It is 5% ~ 8% of soft-shelled turtle body weight that day throws the amount of raising.Feed makes soft particle with granulator before throwing is raised, and at regular time and quantity feed is thrown on feed table, throw 3 day, every 8 hours once.
Five, feeding and management, comprise water quality management, management of feeding, pest management, control density and nuisanceless management.Carry out patrolling pond to check, grasp soft-shelled turtle food situation, adjust the throwing amount of raising with this; Check and prevent escaping facility; Observing the active situation of soft-shelled turtle, as noted abnormalities, should process in time; Diligent except harmful animal, dirt; The remaining feed of timely removing, cleaning feed table; Check water colour, water gaging temperature, hear and have free from extraneous odour, carry out cultivation daily record.Water quality management: change water in time according to water colour situation, changes water general every month 1 time, changes 1/3 at every turn.Chi Shui will control in alkalescence, and water transparency is advisable with 25 centimetres ~ 35 centimetres, and water colour is yellow green or dark brown.After changing water, evenly splash complex microorganism preparations in every pond, with regulating water quality.Application healthy aquaculture technology, suitably control cultivation density, in feed, enzyme-added probio, B B-complex etc. promote digesting and assimilating of nutriment, improve breeding water body ecotope.If when finding that soft-shelled turtle growing state is abnormal, carry out full pool spilling head by 0.3 ~ 0.5ppm povidone iodine, or carry out full pool spilling head with 1ppm glutaraldehyde.The use of fishing medicine in strict accordance with State Council, Ministry of Agriculture's pertinent regulations, must prohibit the use the fishing medicine without obtaining production licence, authentication code, product operative norm; Forbid to use illegal drug.Fishing medicine wants the strict implement off-drug period to specify after using.
Six, fish for, the Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis often criticizing input is fished at twice.In Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis 35% reaches 0.35 kilogram of specification, carry out first time and fish for, the Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis of more than 0.35 kilogram specification is fished for listing.First time fishes for and carries out second time after two months and fish for, and all catches listing by remaining Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis in pond.
Claims (1)
1. the high density pond cultivation technology of Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis, is characterized in that the several importances comprised below:
One, cultivating pool, is typically chosen in nearly water source production turtle-breeding field, and water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and the water yield is sufficient, and drainage is local easily;
Two, artificial eggs hatching, will be placed with the incubator box of soft-shelled turtle ovum, be neatly stacked in hatching room, heated by infrared lamp, hatching room temperature is controlled at 30 DEG C ~ 31 DEG C, and air humidity controls 85%, and husky humid control is 8 ~ 12%;
Three, stocking density, 1 meter of dark above pond, every square metre of water surface puts 35 ~ 40 in a suitable place to breed;
Four, feed, feed divides young trionyx sinensis feed, young trionyx sinensis feed and becomes trionyx sinensis feed, and the requirement of young soft-shelled turtle to feed is higher, requires feed essence, thin, soft, fresh, tender, comprehensive nutrition, good palatability; Become the feeding process of soft-shelled turtle generally from the kind soft-shelled turtle putting about 100 grams in a suitable place to breed, to supporting more than 500 grams sales;
Five, feeding and management, comprise water quality management, management of feeding, pest management, control density and nuisanceless management;
Six, fish for, the Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis often criticizing input is fished at twice, and the later stage fishes for and wants thoroughly, can not retain in the later stage mix raising to the Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis being not suitable for weight.
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| CN105123605A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-09 | 融安县渔业技术推广站 | Method for breeding and ecological breeding of Rong River flower turtle |
| CN105325367A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-17 | 颍上县润海畜禽养殖有限公司 | Soft-shelled turtle egg artificial incubation method |
| CN105961331A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-09-28 | 蚌埠市宝煦家庭农场 | High-yield soft-shelled turtle breeding method |
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Application publication date: 20150128 |