CN102172229B - Process for germplasm breeding of soft-shelled turtles - Google Patents
Process for germplasm breeding of soft-shelled turtles Download PDFInfo
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- CN102172229B CN102172229B CN2011100310216A CN201110031021A CN102172229B CN 102172229 B CN102172229 B CN 102172229B CN 2011100310216 A CN2011100310216 A CN 2011100310216A CN 201110031021 A CN201110031021 A CN 201110031021A CN 102172229 B CN102172229 B CN 102172229B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for germplasm breeding of soft-shelled turtles. The process is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) collecting and transporting protospecies of the soft-shelled turtles according to measurable proportional characters; (2) screening and breeding the protospecies of the soft-shelled turtles; and (3) selecting and breeding each growth stage of the offspring of the protospecies. The process disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of strong operability, strong technicality of the breeding process and high success rate of breeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding process of soft-shelled turtle germplasm.
Background technology
Because the soft-shelled turtle sexual maturity needed for four years at least, the seed selection cycle is longer, and successively seed selection 4-6 is for could obtaining good kind, so breeding process is scientific and reasonable, seed selection effect and operability unusual key all.At present, for the seed selection of soft-shelled turtle germplasm, do not have good method, lack of science and operability more can't ensure the seed selection effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding process of soft-shelled turtle germplasm.That the present invention has is workable, the seed selection success rate high, the technical strong characteristics of breeding process.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, solution of the present invention is:
A kind of breeding process of soft-shelled turtle germplasm comprises following processing step: 1) the original seed soft-shelled turtle is gathered and transportation; 2) screening of original seed soft-shelled turtle and cultivation; 3) selection of each vegetative stage of original seed filial generation and cultivation.
Can measure when described original seed soft-shelled turtle is gathered the ratio proterties comprise carapace wide/carapace total length, height/carapace total length, back of the body girth/carapace total length, back side shirt edge be wide/carapace total length, plastron length/carapace total length, plastron be wide/carapace total length, plastron recessed wide/carapace total length, head length/carapace total length, the head breadth/carapace total length, tail length/carapace total length, spacing/carapace total length, forelimb length/carapace total length, hind leg length/carapace total length, ose breadth/carapace total length; Plastic box is adopted in the transportation of described original seed soft-shelled turtle, and specification 60 ㎝ * 40 ㎝ * 30 ㎝ shipment press soft-shelled turtle body size lattice in the case.Earlier in the thick sponge of case heelpiece last layer 2 ㎝, every soft-shelled turtle is packed in the polyethylene mesh bag, tighten sack, put into lattice; After filling case, the lid layer sponge spoons water in the above, entrucking transportation then; Transporting season is main with spring, autumn, about 20 ℃ of water temperatures; 1d～the 2d that before shipment, stops eating, every in transit 2h～3h trickle 1 time keeps the soft-shelled turtle body moistening; And avoid soft-shelled turtle to bait each other and mechanical damage; The transportation survival rate of soft-shelled turtle over the years is all more than 98%.
Screening and the cultivation of described original seed soft-shelled turtle comprise: (a) primary election, after the original seed soft-shelled turtle is transported back, carry out primary election, and eliminate the individuality that damage in transit hinders; (b) one-level screening and cultivation through the soft-shelled turtle that primary election is continued to employ, are cultivated through putting in a suitable place to breed after the sterilization in the screening pond; Cultivation density is: put 2 Zhi/㎡ below the body weight 200g in a suitable place to breed, body weight 200g～500g puts 1 Zhi/㎡ in a suitable place to breed, and the soft-shelled turtle of same size is put in same pond in a suitable place to breed; Cultivated through 6～10 months, carry out the one-level screening; Do the pool soft-shelled turtle is caught out, the healthy and strong individuality of physique is continued to employ, and defective individuality is then sold as the commodity soft-shelled turtle; (c) secondary screening and cultivating, through the soft-shelled turtle that the one-level screening is continued to employ, body weight can directly be put in a suitable place to breed greater than the individuality of 500g and done reserve parent soft-shelled turtle in ecological germplasm storehouse; Body weight is then put in a suitable place to breed in cultivating the district less than the soft-shelled turtle of 500g and is continued to cultivate; Cultivated 6～10 months, and carried out the secondary screening again, method is the same; (d) reserve parent soft-shelled turtle is cultivated, and reserve parent soft-shelled turtle is put into reserve parent soft-shelled turtle pond, claims ecological germplasm storehouse again, ㎡ surplus single pool area 16000, and depth of water 2m has independently, drainage system, has the anti-wall of escaping around the pond; Through I and II screening, meet the germplasm requirement, physique is healthy and strong, no wound, and the above soft-shelled turtle of body weight 500g is put in a suitable place to breed in ecological germplasm storehouse after sterilization and cultivates, and breeding density is about 10 ㎡/; The feed of reserve parent soft-shelled turtle partly relies on the animal bait of artificial fecundation and cultivation, and suitably replenishes to throw and raise natural fresh food; To renew water be main to add in water quality management, and the summer high temperature phase often keeps flowing water; (e) original seed parent soft-shelled turtle is selected and cultivates, and reserve parent soft-shelled turtle was cultivated through 1-2 years, reach the specification requirement of close soft-shelled turtle after; Can ecological germplasm storehouse Gan Tang be caught soft-shelled turtle, and select individuality big one by one, the shirt rim is wide; Build, body colour, piebald meet the requirements, and healthy and strong, the anosis nothing of physique is hindered, and action is active; Reaction is quick, and body weight gives over to close soft-shelled turtle greater than the individuality more than 0.75 ㎏.
The selection and the cultivation of described each vegetative stage of original seed filial generation comprises the steps: the selection and the cultivation of each vegetative stage of (1) original seed first filial generation; Characteristics according to each vegetative stage of soft-shelled turtle; In fertilized egg, just incubate young soft-shelled turtle of young soft-shelled turtle on the 1st, 2 monthly ages, 14 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle, 26 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle and six vegetative stages of 38 monthly age soft-shelled turtles the original seed first filial generation selected and cultivated; And according to the purity and the The Characters of germplasm, with the selection of proceeding second filial, F3 and cultivation, to reach the purpose of purification and rejuvenation.
Described fertilized egg is selected and cultivation is meant that selecting fertilization indicates that obviously the great ovum in 6g of ovum is a breeding line; The fertilized egg of selecting in per 5 days is a collection of.
Described selection and cultivation of just incubating young soft-shelled turtle on the 1st is meant that carrying out young soft-shelled turtle in late July to early August screens; Selective body is great in 5.0g, and physique is healthy and strong, be quick on the draw, build is normal, do not have wounded or disabled, do not have deformity, the belly salmon pink, the individuality of piebald rule is made breeding population.
Selection and the cultivation of young soft-shelled turtle of described 2 monthly ages is meant in late September to early October and screens for the third time; Just incubate young soft-shelled turtle and cultivated through 2 months, therefrom select growth soon, individual big, the shirt rim is wide, and physique is healthy and strong, the reaction agility, and belly piebald rule, the above individuality of body weight 40g is a breeding population, feeding and management is basic identical with the foster soft-shelled turtle in the conventional outer pool.
Described 2 monthly ages young soft-shelled turtle, 14 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle, 26 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle and 38 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle screening all screen successively through size, body colour, these 3 indexs of shirt rim.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: carry out seed selection to soft-shelled turtle in the growth characteristic of different phase, play sectional control seed selection progress, inspection seed selection effect, finally obtain desirable seed selection kind.Therefore, the present invention has characteristics workable, that breeding process is technical by force, the seed selection success rate is high.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The breeding process of a kind of soft-shelled turtle germplasm of present embodiment is isolated and the requirement of protecting according to soft-shelled turtle physiology, ecological characteristic and germplasm, designs and has built soft-shelled turtle original seed screening pond, cultivates pond, ecological germplasm storehouse and seed breeding pond.All kinds of ponds are divided by the zone, separate with road between the Qu Yuqu.Have the brick anti-wall of escaping of concrete around the pond, the wall top is inwardly stretched eaves 10 ㎝ and is prevented escaping; Each pond all be furnished with independently annotate, drainage system, and advance, discharge outlet is by being equipped with firm iron bar, to stop every escape and to mix.Pond type, area and the quantity of breading protospecies see table 1 for details.
(1) the original seed soft-shelled turtle is gathered
Original seed: be meant the wild aquatic animals and plants kind of taking from natural waters, and the original parent that is used for seed selection.This original seed soft-shelled turtle is to gather from the young soft-shelled turtle of Taihu Lake water system or become soft-shelled turtle, and the Chinese soft-shelled turtle of selecting according to Chinese soft-shelled turtle original seed standard.Scalability shape standard is following
The ratio the measured proterties of female different size (young soft-shelled turtle, one-tenth soft-shelled turtle, close soft-shelled turtle) is seen table 2, and the ratio the measured proterties of male different size (young soft-shelled turtle, one-tenth soft-shelled turtle, close soft-shelled turtle) is seen table 3.
(2) original seed soft-shelled turtle transportation
With plastic box (specification 60 ㎝ * 40 ㎝ * 30 ㎝) shipment, press soft-shelled turtle body size lattice in the case.Earlier in the thick sponge of case heelpiece last layer 2 ㎝, every soft-shelled turtle is packed in the polyethylene mesh bag, tighten sack, put into lattice.After filling case, the lid layer sponge spoons water in the above, entrucking transportation then.Transporting season is main with spring, autumn, about 20 ℃ of water temperatures.1d～the 2d that before shipment, stops eating has the personal management in transit, and every 2h～3h trickle 1 time keeps the soft-shelled turtle body moistening; And avoid soft-shelled turtle to bait each other and mechanical damage; The transportation survival rate of soft-shelled turtle over the years is all more than 98%.
(3) screening
Adopt colony to select and breeding graded method, the original seed soft-shelled turtle that collects is selected.
A, the screening of original seed soft-shelled turtle and cultivation
(a) primary election
After the original seed soft-shelled turtle is transported back, carry out primary election.Eliminate the individuality that damage in transit hinders.
(b) one-level screening and cultivation
Through the soft-shelled turtle that primary election is continued to employ, cultivate through putting in a suitable place to breed after the sterilization in the screening pond.Cultivation density is: put 2 Zhi/㎡ below the body weight 200g in a suitable place to breed, body weight 200g～500g puts 1 Zhi/㎡ in a suitable place to breed, and the soft-shelled turtle of same size is put in same pond in a suitable place to breed.Cultivated through 6～10 months, carry out the one-level screening.Do the pool soft-shelled turtle is caught out, all variety standards that meets, the healthy and strong individuality of physique is continued to employ, and defective individuality is then sold as the commodity soft-shelled turtle.
(c) secondary screening and cultivation
Through the soft-shelled turtle that the one-level screening is continued to employ, body weight can directly be put in a suitable place to breed in ecological germplasm storehouse greater than the individuality of 500g and done reserve parent soft-shelled turtle, and body weight is then put in a suitable place to breed in cultivating the I district or cultivating the II district and continue to cultivate less than the soft-shelled turtle of 500g.Cultivated 6～10 months, and carried out the secondary screening again, method is the same.
(d) reserve parent soft-shelled turtle is cultivated
Ecological germplasm storehouse is claimed in reserve parent soft-shelled turtle pond again, and for simulating the man-made lake of Chinese soft-shelled turtle natural, ecological, the gross area 64924 ㎡ are divided into 4 ponds, ㎡ surplus single pool area 16000, and depth of water 2m has independently, drainage system, has the anti-wall of escaping around the pond.Through I and II screening, meet the germplasm requirement, physique is healthy and strong, no wound, and the above soft-shelled turtle of body weight 500g is put in a suitable place to breed in ecological germplasm storehouse after sterilization and cultivates, and breeding density is about 10 ㎡/.The feed of reserve parent soft-shelled turtle partly relies on the animal bait of artificial fecundation and cultivation, and suitably replenishes to throw and raise natural fresh food.To renew water be main to add in water quality management, and the summer high temperature phase often keeps flowing water.
(e) original seed parent soft-shelled turtle is selected and cultivates
Reserve parent soft-shelled turtle was cultivated through 1-2 years, reach the specification requirement of close soft-shelled turtle after, can ecological germplasm storehouse Gan Tang be caught soft-shelled turtle; And select individuality big one by one, and the shirt rim is wide, and build, body colour, piebald meet the requirements; Healthy and strong, the anosis nothing of physique is hindered; Action is active, and reaction is quick, and body weight gives over to close soft-shelled turtle greater than the individuality more than 0.75 ㎏.
The selection and the cultivation of each vegetative stage of original seed first filial generation
Characteristics according to each vegetative stage of soft-shelled turtle; We plan in fertilized egg, just incubate (1 day) young soft-shelled turtle, 2 monthly ages young soft-shelled turtle, 14 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle, 26 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle and six vegetative stages of 38 monthly age soft-shelled turtles the original seed first filial generation selected and cultivated; And according to the purity and the The Characters of germplasm; To proceed second filial, F3 ... Selection and cultivation, to reach the purpose of purification and rejuvenation.
(1) fertilized egg is selected and hatching
Select the fertilization sign obviously, the great ovum in 6g of ovum is a breeding line.The fertilized egg of selecting in per 5 days is a collection of.
(2) just incubate young soft-shelled turtle (1 day) selection and cultivation
Late July to early August is carried out programmed screening.Selective body is great in 5.0g, and physique is healthy and strong, be quick on the draw, build is normal, do not have wounded or disabled, do not have deformity, the belly salmon pink, the individuality of piebald rule is made breeding population.
(3) 2 monthly ages, young soft-shelled turtle was selected and cultivation
Late September to early October screens for the third time.Just incubate young soft-shelled turtle and cultivated through 2 months, therefrom select growth soon, individual big, the shirt rim is wide, and physique is healthy and strong, the reaction agility, and belly piebald rule, the above individuality of body weight 40g is a breeding population, feeding and management is basic identical with the foster soft-shelled turtle in the conventional outer pool.
According to the scheme of Chinese soft-shelled turtle purification and rejuvenation, later on also will 14 age in days soft-shelled turtles, 26 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle and 38 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle each vegetative stage proceed screening and cultivate, and according at that time germplasm purity, whether decision carries out F
2Generation, F
3Generation ... Screening and cultivation.Concrete selection such as table 4.
Utilizing the advantage after the seed selection of this kind method is sectional control seed selection progress, inspection seed selection effect, the characteristics workable, that the seed selection success rate is high.
Claims (7)
1. the breeding process of a soft-shelled turtle germplasm is characterized in that: comprise following processing step: 1) the original seed soft-shelled turtle ratio proterties is gathered and transportation according to measuring; 2) screening of original seed soft-shelled turtle and cultivation; 3) selection of each vegetative stage of original seed filial generation and cultivation; Can measure when described original seed soft-shelled turtle is gathered the ratio proterties comprise carapace wide/carapace total length, height/carapace total length, back of the body girth/carapace total length, back side shirt edge be wide/carapace total length, plastron length/carapace total length, plastron be wide/carapace total length, plastron recessed wide/carapace total length, head length/carapace total length, the head breadth/carapace total length, tail length/carapace total length, spacing/carapace total length, forelimb length/carapace total length, hind leg length/carapace total length, ose breadth/carapace total length; Plastic box is adopted in the transportation of described original seed soft-shelled turtle, and specification 60cm * 40cm * 30cm shipment presses soft-shelled turtle body size lattice in the case; Earlier in the thick sponge of case heelpiece last layer 2cm, every soft-shelled turtle is packed in the polyethylene mesh bag, tighten sack, put into lattice; After filling case, the lid layer sponge spoons water in the above, entrucking transportation then; Transporting season is main with spring, autumn, about 20 ℃ of water temperatures; 1d～the 2d that before shipment, stops eating, every in transit 2h～3h trickle 1 time; It is as shown in the table that wherein female soft-shelled turtle can be measured the ratio proterties:
It is as shown in the table that male soft-shelled turtle can be measured the ratio proterties:
2. the breeding process of a kind of soft-shelled turtle germplasm as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that screening of described original seed soft-shelled turtle and cultivation comprise: (a) primary election, after the original seed soft-shelled turtle is transported back, carry out primary election, and eliminate the individuality that damage in transit hinders; (b) one-level screening and cultivation through the soft-shelled turtle that primary election is continued to employ, are cultivated through putting in a suitable place to breed after the sterilization in the screening pond; Cultivating density is to put 2/m below the body weight 200g in a suitable place to breed
2, body weight 200g～500g puts 1/m in a suitable place to breed
2, the soft-shelled turtle of same size is put in same pond in a suitable place to breed; Cultivated through 6～10 months, carry out the one-level screening: do the pool soft-shelled turtle is caught out, the healthy and strong individuality of physique is continued to employ, and defective individuality is then sold as the commodity soft-shelled turtle; (c) secondary screening and cultivating, through the soft-shelled turtle that the one-level screening is continued to employ, body weight can directly be put in a suitable place to breed greater than the individuality of 500g and done reserve parent soft-shelled turtle in ecological germplasm storehouse; Body weight is then put in a suitable place to breed in cultivating the district less than the soft-shelled turtle of 500g and is continued to cultivate; Cultivated 6～10 months, and carried out the secondary screening again, method is the same; (d) reserve parent soft-shelled turtle is cultivated, and reserve parent soft-shelled turtle is put into reserve parent soft-shelled turtle pond, claims ecological germplasm storehouse again, m surplus single pool area 16000
2, depth of water 2m has independently, drainage system, has the anti-wall of escaping around the pond; Through the I and II screening, meet the germplasm requirement, physique is healthy and strong, no wound, and the above soft-shelled turtle of body weight 500g is put in a suitable place to breed in ecological germplasm storehouse after sterilization and cultivates, and breeding density is 10m
2About/only; (e) original seed parent soft-shelled turtle is selected and cultivates, and reserve parent soft-shelled turtle is cultivated through 1-2, can ecological germplasm storehouse Gan Tang be caught soft-shelled turtle; And select individuality big one by one, and the shirt rim is wide, and build, body colour, piebald meet the requirements; Healthy and strong, the anosis nothing of physique is hindered; Action is active, and reaction is quick, and body weight gives over to close soft-shelled turtle greater than the individuality more than the 0.75kg.
3. the breeding process of a kind of soft-shelled turtle germplasm as claimed in claim 1; Selection and the cultivation that it is characterized in that described each vegetative stage of original seed filial generation comprises the steps: the selection and the cultivation of each vegetative stage of (1) original seed first filial generation; Characteristics according to each vegetative stage of soft-shelled turtle; In fertilized egg, just incubate young soft-shelled turtle of young soft-shelled turtle on the 1st, 2 monthly ages, 14 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle, 26 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle and six vegetative stages of 38 monthly age soft-shelled turtles the original seed first filial generation selected and cultivated; And according to the purity and the The Characters of germplasm, with the selection of proceeding second filial, F3 and cultivation, to reach the purpose of purification and rejuvenation.
4. the breeding process of a kind of soft-shelled turtle germplasm as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described fertilized egg is selected and cultivation is meant that selecting fertilization indicates that obviously the great ovum in 6g of ovum is a breeding line; The fertilized egg of selecting in per 5 days is a collection of.
5. the breeding process of a kind of soft-shelled turtle germplasm as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described selection and cultivation of just incubating young soft-shelled turtle on the 1st is meant that carrying out young soft-shelled turtle in late July to early August screens; Selective body is great in 5.0g, and physique is healthy and strong, be quick on the draw, build is normal, do not have wounded or disabled, do not have deformity, the belly salmon pink, the individuality of piebald rule is made breeding population.
6. the breeding process of a kind of soft-shelled turtle germplasm as claimed in claim 3, the selection and the cultivation that it is characterized in that young soft-shelled turtle of described 2 monthly ages were meant in late September to early October screens for the third time; Just incubate young soft-shelled turtle and cultivated through 2 months, therefrom select growth soon, individual big, the shirt rim is wide, and physique is healthy and strong, the reaction agility, and belly piebald rule, the above individuality of body weight 40g is a breeding population, feeding and management is basic identical with the foster soft-shelled turtle in the conventional outer pool.
7. the breeding process of a kind of soft-shelled turtle germplasm as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that young soft-shelled turtle of described 2 monthly ages, 14 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle, 26 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle and 38 the monthly age soft-shelled turtle screening all screen successively through size, body colour, these 3 indexs of shirt rim.
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| CN104430065A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 融安县渔业技术推广站 | Breeding method of Chinese soft-shelled turtles |
| CN104663578A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-03 | 梧州市景泰养鳖专业合作社 | Management method of Chinese soft-shell turtle parent pool |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1895034A (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-17 | 杨月兰 | Non-pollution and ecological large-scale soft-shelled turtle culturing method |
| CN101120662A (en) * | 2007-08-04 | 2008-02-13 | 杭州萧山天福生物科技有限公司 | Method for selectively breeding improved variety of China turtle |
| CN101248773A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2008-08-27 | 王根连 | Breeding method of Wubie parent and breeding method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5642529A (en) * | 1979-09-13 | 1981-04-20 | Kiyotomi Shimizu | Breeding apparaus for softtshelled turtle |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1895034A (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-17 | 杨月兰 | Non-pollution and ecological large-scale soft-shelled turtle culturing method |
| CN101120662A (en) * | 2007-08-04 | 2008-02-13 | 杭州萧山天福生物科技有限公司 | Method for selectively breeding improved variety of China turtle |
| CN101248773A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2008-08-27 | 王根连 | Breeding method of Wubie parent and breeding method thereof |
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