CN104969886A - Fish and vegetable co-existing planting and breeding method - Google Patents

Fish and vegetable co-existing planting and breeding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104969886A
CN104969886A CN201510382010.0A CN201510382010A CN104969886A CN 104969886 A CN104969886 A CN 104969886A CN 201510382010 A CN201510382010 A CN 201510382010A CN 104969886 A CN104969886 A CN 104969886A
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China
Prior art keywords
fish
pond
water
floating bed
vegetable
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CN104969886B (en
Inventor
曹豫
李虹
王波
翟旭亮
梅会清
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Chongqing Fishery Technique Popularization Station
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Chongqing Fishery Technique Popularization Station
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a fish and vegetable co-existing planting and breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of ecological breeding methods. The fish and vegetable co-existing planting and breeding method comprises the steps that an ecological floating bed is arranged in a pond, vegetables are planted on the ecological floating bed, and fishes are bred in the pond. According to the fish and vegetable co-existing planting and breeding method, the method is simple, convenient and free of pollution, aquaculture and vegetable planting are organically combined in a same water body, an ecological planting and breeding mode that water does not need to be replaced, vegetables do not need to be fertilized, and resources can be recycled is achieved, the ecological floating bed is adopted to plant the vegetables, the important improving effect can be achieved for the pond water quality.

Description

A kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method
Technical field
The present invention relates to zoology breeding method technical field, in particular to a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic collective species breeding method.
Background technology
Breeding fish plants vegetables originally is two agrotechnique be separated, but combining mutually of adopting fish and vegetable symbiotic method to achieve between the two, define the effect jointly promoting to superpose with benefit.The more important thing is, it is the pure organic farming pattern that a comprehensive benefit is the highest, plants vegetables and does not need to refertilize simultaneously, breeds fish and does not need often to change water, is a kind of organic farming pattern capable of circulation of resource saving.The best nutriment that the discarded nutrients of generation and food-residue are vegetable growths let out by steck, and the best biological filter system that the root system of vegetables and microbiologic population are water treatments to be purified, the sustainable development planted vegetables of breeding fish of the plant that three sets up---microorganism---sashimi (raw fish) state relational implementation a kind ofly in the ecological agriculture perfectly to combine.
The current agricultural resources of production are day by day deficient, land resources, freshwater resources, and free of contamination agricultural resources can be utilized also fewer and feweri.Agricultural production is faced with crisis that is ecological and resource, as water pollutions allows a lot of aquifer cultivation object security be subject to danger, can not carry out productive large-scale cultivation.And field plants vegetables also because a large amount of utilizations of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals cause the dangerous of vegetables.Sustainability becomes the subject matter that current agricultural is produced, and fish and vegetable symbiotic pattern combines aquaculture and vegetable soilless culture technology, fishery, the edge advantage that formed of the combination of plant husbandry and comprehensive cumulative benefit, than independent cultivation and plant vegetables more save space and resource, more province's equipment and cost management drop into.The fish of what is more important production, vegetables are all safe and high quality, and commercially having competitiveness, is one of best production model of one meeting the modern food propensity to consume.
When last century, the nineties China ecological agriculture started prosperity; many places just start to promote Rice azolla fish system; duckweed is as the feed of fish; and the excreta of fish becomes the organic nutrient in infertile field; triangular relation is also a kind of ecological symbiotic relation, up to now, as Qingtian County Long Xian village, Lishui protects rice field fish culture technology Applying For World Heritage; and be with large area to develop this industry at periphery one, this is fish and the most successful technical example of plant symbiosis.In fact in the same way, paddy rice is that the plant that hydrophile is strong can directly grow in water, so it most possible aborning utilize by peasant, but modern science and technology can realize the aquatic cultivation of all plants, this just nature on this technical graft to other economic plants or cereal crops, defining with water culture technology is the new period fish and vegetable symbiotic body supported, as long as vegetables are made into water planting.Comparatively common is exactly the symbiosis of lotus fish in addition, puts fish in a suitable place to breed, realize Mutualism relation too in lotus field, and the symbiosis of fish and plant is a kind of naturally ecosystem in fact, can see its existence everywhere.Although this natural pattern has good ecological symbiotic relation, its production efficiency is lower, is difficult to use as heavy duty detergent agricultural extension in production.So people find a new binding site or break-through point to improve and the natural mode improving this simplicity again.This is again from the scarcity of current water resource and the angle of ecological crisis, and the perfect development for fish and vegetable symbiotic system creates the condition of birth with inevitable.
Industrial development, urbanization advances, and ecological disruption environmental pollution, makes water resource become current mankind resource the most valuable, the wealth that particularly free of contamination water is rare especially.In agricultural production, aquaculture is the industry that water consumption is larger, and be for Workplace with Chi Shui or natural water, it is also very big that its yielding ability is polluted, add the pollution of industrial pollution and fertilizer and pesticide, water is just made to become the important disseminator of global pollution, pollution as aquaculture water is the water quality deterioration that eutrophication causes, the secondary biological pollution caused with surface runoff; The aquaculture water such as river, underground water, lake, again because a large amount of use of fertilizer and pesticide and industrial air pollution or discharge cause great pollution to natural water, and the water that these water become cultured fishes stops environment, from and cause the ultimate pollution of fishery-ies product, so seem now many places have abundant freshwater resources, but many water bodys are no longer applicable to the cultivation of fish.So people start to carry out the research of environment facies to the industrial fish farming of controllable type, the utilization reducing valuable water resources with the water consumption improving unit fish body boosts productivity and the pollution face reducing breeding wastewater.
From last century the nineties, industrial fish farming technology starts in many places, but finally can not promote, this is mainly because it has high input, operating cost is high, and installations and facilities require more high factor, and can not popularize, particularly aquaculture water recycle in process, relate to more water treatment facilities, and these industrial equipments are that operating cost is high mostly, allow many interesting enterprises, peasant hang back.
The cultivation of current China fresh water fishery, main what utilize is pond under natural environment, and traditional pond floor space is large, affects the plantation of other crops and the use in arable land; In prior art, do not have the breeding technology of the special fish and vegetable symbiotic ecology for surface, pond, on the water surface of pond, availability is low, can not realize the ecodevelopment of water plants and fish symbiosis.
In view of this, special proposition the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method, and described fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method has the advantages such as method is simple, pollution-free, reusable edible.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy by the following technical solutions:
A kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method, arranges biological floating bed in pond, planting vegetable on biological floating bed, cultured fishes in pond.Based on intergrowth theory, in same water body, aquaculture and growing vegetables are organically combined, realize breed fish do not change water, the zoology breeding pattern of the resource reusable edible do not applied fertilizer that plants vegetables.
Pond farming fish is with pond technology of " changing five changes " for core, and " changing " refers to transformation pond infrastructure; " five change " comprise that water quality environment is purifying, breed variety improved variety, feedstuff feeding become more meticulous, disease control is innoxious, production management modernization etc., carry out standardization breeding production, with highly efficient and productive and nuisanceless for technical essential, implement a series of supporting technology, comprise Fruit variety, pond preparation, Feed selection, throwing raise the standardization breeding production such as technology, comprehensive control of disease, regulating and controlling water quality, fishery machinery.
Specifically comprise the following aspects:
(1) pond infrastructure is transformed:
1. pulk changes the large pool: will be used for the nonstandard pulk of adult fish culture and become the large pool, and pond is to be preferably rectangle East and West direction (length and width about than for 2:1 ~ 3:1), and area is preferably 10 ~ 20 mu.
2. the Gai Shen pool, the shallow pool: increased by pool bank, remove mud and realize in breeding process that from light to dark, making into the fish pond depth of water is 2.0 ~ 2.5 meters in pond, the fingerling pond depth of water 1.3 ~ 1.7 meters, the fry pond depth of water is 0.8 ~ 1.2 meter.
3. rebuild culvert system: rebuild into draining, drain off floodwaters the auxiliary facilities such as irrigation canals and ditches, draining preferably independently can be entered in every mouthful of pond, and installation is prevented escaping equipment.
(2) water quality environment is purifying:
1. the General Requirements of pond water quality:
Suspended material: in pond water, people is that the suspension content caused is no more than 10mg/L.
Look, smell, taste: fish, shrimp, shellfish, algae must not be made with heterochromatic, peculiar smell.
Floating substance: obvious oil film and offscum must not appear in the pond water surface.
PH value: in pond, water body pH is preferably 6.5-8.5.
Dissolved oxygen: pond oxygen in water is not less than 3mg/L, in 24 hours more than 16 hours, oxygen was preferably not less than 5mg/L, kept water quality " work ", " tender ", " feeling well ".
2. pond water quality regulation and control:
Bioelectric detecting:
Fish and vegetable symbiotic regulates and controls, with dish water purification, with the long dish of fish;
Microorganism formulation regulates and controls, and uses the beneficial bacterias such as photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, nitrifying bacteria, realizes water purification.
Support water with fish, suitably increase filter-feeding fish and food detritus fish injected volume, improve the ecologic structure in pond, realize biological prosthetic.
Keep Chi Shui alive, refreshing, tender, transparency is preferably more than 35 centimetres.
Physical regulating:
Preferred use aerator: fine day is opened noon, early morning at cloudy day opens, and unbroken overcast and rainy midnight opens, and does not open at dusk, raises the nose above water to breathe early to open; The heat available machine time is long, and weather available machine time of feeling nice and cool is short, and the available machine time at midnight is long, and the available machine time at noon is short, and the load face large available machine time is long, and the load face little available machine time is short.Realize its oxygenation, stir water, the effect of aeration.
Annotating new water: suitably supplement new water according to pond waters evaporation discharge, annotates new water 1 time in place with good conditionsi preferably every first quarter moon;
Timely and appropriate discovery environment for use protectant: in the middle and later periods of cultivation, preferably monthly uses 1-2 time according to bottom material of pond for breeding, water quality situation.Quicklime preferably uses 20-30 thousand grams/acre; Zeolite powder preferably uses 30-50 thousand grams/acre.
(3) breed variety improved variety:
Main support kind: select with high-quality fish (in preferred crucian, grass carp, channel catfish, megalobrama amblycephala, loach, erythroculter ilishaeformis, yellow cartfish etc. one or more, can raise together with).
Main selection of supporting kind preferably possesses three conditions: 1. have marketability (adapting to the market), 2. seed availability (having stable artificial propagation fry supply), 3. cultivate feasibility (adapting to local pond ecosystem).
Aquaculture model: preferably pond 80:20 aquaculture model (about 80% in total fish catches is made up of artificial grain's feed of ingesting, the high value that the gets consumer reception property fish that eats food, and is also referred to as main class of breeding fish).
This kind of aquaculture model is adopted to have the following advantages:
(1) water quality of crawl can be controlled well;
(2) high-quality hand fit's particulate material can be adopted, improve availability and the conversion ratio of feed, reduce the pollution to water quality;
(3) raise together with service fish by a certain percentage, both can improve pond water quality, pond natural biological food resource can be utilized again to exchange certain fish crop for, increase economic benefit;
(4) meeting the market requirement, main breeding fish is high value fish, and what compel to ask is not the highest output, but the economic benefit of the best.
Fingerling quality: various fingerling standard performs with reference to existing standard and fingerling Quality Identification standard.Require that kind is pure, source is consistent, neat specification, physique are healthy and strong, without sick and wounded.
Fingerling specification: main class neat specification of breeding fish, individual weight differential, preferably within " 10% ", is taken class Individual Size of breeding fish and is preferably not more than main class Individual Size of breeding fish.
(4) feedstuff feeding becomes more meticulous:
(1) selection of feed: feed has good stability and palatability, feed request is fresh, never degenerate, physical behavior is good, nutrition is stable; The granularity of the feed manufacturing uniformity, feedstuff meets the quality requirement of feed manufacturing.
(2) determination of feedstuff feeding amount:
Limitation is thrown something and fed: the feedstuff feeding amount determining every day according to the quality level of the growth rate of cultured fishes, Stage Nutrition requirement and manufactured feed.
Rate is raised in average weight × mantissa × throwing that day throws the amount of raising=fish;
The annual throwing amount of raising=feed coefficient × expectation net production;
(5) disease control is innoxious:
1. the prevention of disease:
Optimize pond culture environment: in intermediary and later stages of cultivation according to cultivating pool substrate, water quality situation monthly environment for use protectant 1-2 time.Rational Stocking and collocation breed variety, keep the ecological balance of breeding water body microflora clump, effective infection prevention, eruptive epidemic disease popular.
2. cut off route of transmission eliminating pathogen:
Strict quarantine: quarantine and the supervision of strengthening intermediate links, prevent the popular of aquatic animal epidemic disease and propagation.
Fingerling is sterilized: mainly contain following several to the medicine of fingerling sterilization before entering the pool: (saline solution mass fraction is 2% ~ 4% to salt, embathe 5-10 minute, mainly prevent and treat white head and mouth fish disease, fin rot, kill some protozoa, Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus etc.), (concentration is 10 ~ 20 grams/cubic metre to bleaching powder, embathe about 10 minutes, can all kinds of bacteriosis be prevented and treated).
Bait is sterilized: pasture and water concentration is that the Eusol of 4 ~ 8 grams/cubic metre soaks 20-30 minute, throws something and feeds after clear water washes down; Terrestrial plant and fresh and alive animal bait clear water are thrown something and fed after cleaning.
Instrument is sterilized: netting gear concentration is that the copper-bath of 5 ~ 15 grams/cubic metre embathes 10 ~ 30 minutes, re-uses after drying; Wooden instrument mass fraction is after the bleaching fluid sterilization of 1% ~ 10%, cleans and re-use in clear water.
Pond disinfection: pull residual bait in pond in time out, every 1-2 week bleaching powder, consumption is 0.5 ~ 1 gram/cubic metre, or strong chlorine oil, and consumption is 0.1 ~ 0.5 gram/cubic metre, to splash sterilization at the pond water surface, or hanging basket or hanging bag sterilization around pond.
3. the chemoprophylaxis (the 3-9 month) in epidemic disease season:
External prevention: pond hanging bag hanging basket.
Full pond float: every first quarter moon lime disinfection, consumption is 10 ~ 30 grams/cubic metre.
Prevention in body: mix to raise after selecting Chinese herbal medicine (every double centner fish rheum officinale 10 ~ 30 grams, the root of large-flowered skullcap 8 ~ 24 grams, golden cypress 5 ~ 16 grams, 10 ~ 30 grams, sodium bicarbonate) to pulverize and throw something and feed.
4. strengthen fish body resistance against diseases
Put improved seeds in a suitable place to breed: select the breed variety that premunition is strong, physique is healthy and strong, neat specification, source are consistent to put in a suitable place to breed, forbid to put inbreeding in a suitable place to breed and the kind that backcrosses.
The agreeable to the taste feed of high-quality of throwing something and feeding: comprehensive nutrition of throwing something and feeding, fresh, not containing toxic component, and by retrofit, the feed good at water stability, palatability is strong.
Immunity inoculation: vaccination, makes fish produce antibody, adaptive immune power.
5. forbid to abuse medicine:
Use aquaculture medication should meet " veterinary drug residues regulations " and the Ministry of Agriculture " pollution-free food fishing medicine usage criteria " (NY5071-2002).
(6) production management modernization
1. understand prime fish valency tendency, analyze market in next year;
2. in conjunction with local truth, the plan of design fish;
3. put high-quality fingerling in a suitable place to breed, reasonable employment feed;
4. implement the production schedule, strengthen production management.
Planting vegetable on biological floating bed in pond of the inventive method, described biological floating bed be plane formula biological floating bed and three-dimensional biological floating bed, box biological floating bed in one or more, be preferably three-dimensional biological floating bed.
Described biological floating bed material is that can keep afloat, nontoxic material, can select suitable material, be preferably PVC, bamboo, PE plastics or other environment-friendly materials according to economical, principle easily of drawing materials.
(1) biological floating bed:
Plane is biological floating bed:
Pvc pipe plane is biological floating bed: as shown in Figure 1, floating bed is made by pvc pipe (50-90 pipe), two-layer up and down respectively have thin, close two kinds of polyethylene mesh sheet cut off pasturing property class fish respectively and control the cauline leaf direction of growth, caliber and length are determined according to the size of floating bed, joined end to end with pvc pipe elbow and viscose glue, formed the framework airtight, there is certain buoyancy.
This kind of preparation method successfully solves the problem of phytophagy, ominivore-fish and vegetables symbiosis, is suitable for any piscina.
Bamboo plane is biological floating bed: as shown in Figure 2, selects diameter at the bamboo of more than 5cm, and caliber and length are determined according to the size of floating bed, bamboo trunk two ends are sawn into channel-shaped, mutually be stuck up and down, join end to end, fix with the rope of polyethylene rope or other not easy rusting corrosion materials.Concrete shape can according to pond condition, material size, flexible to operation and determine.
Stereo ecological floating bed:
Arch stereo ecological floating bed: as shown in Figure 3, described arch stereo ecological floating bed comprises a body and support; Described bed body is made up of mesh sheet and the framework that is fixed on mesh sheet surrounding; Described Bracket setting, on bed body top, comprises 1 group or organize arch support more; Two bottoms often organizing arch support are separately fixed on the framework of a body.
Described arch stereo ecological floating bed, fixes mesh sheet by framework, can increase floating bed effective area, can be applicable to the technical field such as restoration of the ecosystem, fish and vegetable symbiotic.Utilize arch support structure, improve arch stereo ecological floating bed resistance to overturning, enable arch stereo ecological floating bed resist water surface stormy waves.
Described bed body preferably arranges one or more dead levers, and the two ends of each dead lever are fixedly linked with framework respectively, in order to firm arch stereo ecological floating bed.
Described bed body is preferably rectangle bed body.
Described support also comprises horizontal stand and fixed support, and described horizontal stand is fixedly linked with the top often organizing arch support respectively; The two ends of described horizontal stand are connected with support bracket fastened top respectively, and each support bracket fastened bottom is fixedly linked with framework respectively, in order to further firm arch stereo ecological floating bed of the present invention.
Preferably adopt four-way connector to be fixed between described support with bed body to be connected, described four-way connector is preferably direct plugging-in four-way connector.
Described dead lever with preferably adopt four-way connector to be fixed between framework to be connected, described four-way connector is preferably direct plugging-in four-way connector.
By the residue connector of above-mentioned four-way connector, connect different arch stereo ecological floating bed by connector, increase floating bed area, facilitate plant growth, also improve the stability of floating bed simultaneously.
Described mesh sheet is made up of two-layer up and down, and wherein the aperture of lower floor's mesh sheet is less than the aperture of upper strata mesh sheet.
The aperture of described upper strata mesh sheet is preferably 2cm ~ 4cm, and the aperture of described lower floor mesh sheet is preferably not more than 0.5cm.When being applied to fish and vegetable symbiotic technical field, lower floor's mesh sheet effectively can hinder herbivorous fishes, and upper strata mesh sheet can control the direction of growth of vegetable waste.
The material of described upper strata mesh sheet and lower floor's mesh sheet is preferably polyethylene.
Triangular solid is biological floating bed: as shown in Figure 4, and described triangular solid is biological floating bed comprises a body and support; Described bed body is made up of mesh sheet and the framework that is fixed on mesh sheet surrounding; Described Bracket setting, on bed body top, comprises 1 group or organize triangular supports more; Often organize triangular supports to be made up of two tilt stands, the top of described two tilt stands is fixedly linked, and bottom is separately fixed on the framework of a body; Often organize triangular supports and form triangular structure with bed body respectively.
Described triangular solid is biological floating bed, mesh sheet is fixed by framework, floating bed effective area can be increased, can be applicable to the technical field such as restoration of the ecosystem, fish and vegetable symbiotic, utilize the triangular structure that triangular supports and bed body are formed, improve triangular solid biological floating bed resistance to overturning, make that triangular solid is biological floating bed can resist water surface stormy waves.
Described bed body preferably arranges one or more dead levers, and the two ends of each dead lever are fixedly linked with framework respectively, biological floating bed in order to firm triangular solid.
Described bed body is preferably rectangle bed body.
Described support also comprises vertical rack and horizontal stand, and described vertical rack bottom and framework or dead lever are fixedly linked, described horizontal stand respectively with often organize triangular supports and be connected with vertical rack, in order to firm triangular solid of the present invention is biological floating bed further.
Preferably adopt four-way connector to be fixed between described support with bed body to be connected, described four-way connector is preferably direct plugging-in four-way connector.
Described dead lever with preferably adopt four-way connector to be fixed between framework to be connected, described four-way connector is preferably direct plugging-in four-way connector.
By the residue connector of above-mentioned four-way connector, connect different triangular solid by connector biological floating bed, increase floating bed area, facilitate plant growth, also improve the stability of floating bed simultaneously.
The angle of each tilt stand and horizontal direction is 30 ° ~ 60 °, is preferably 45 °.
Described mesh sheet is made up of two-layer up and down, and wherein the aperture of lower floor's mesh sheet is less than the aperture of upper strata mesh sheet.
The aperture of described upper strata mesh sheet is preferably 2cm ~ 4cm; The aperture of described lower floor mesh sheet is preferably not more than 0.5cm.When being applied to fish and vegetable symbiotic technical field, lower floor's mesh sheet effectively can hinder herbivorous fishes, and upper strata mesh sheet can control the direction of growth of vegetable waste.
The material of described upper strata mesh sheet and lower floor's mesh sheet is preferably polyethylene.
Box type stereo is biological floating bed: as shown in fig. 5-10, and box type stereo floating bed comprises a body, bed lid and support; Described bed body is box, and described bed body bottom surface evenly arranges multiple bracket fixing device; Described support comprises multiple vertical rack; Each vertical rack is fixedly linked respectively by bracket fixing device and bed body bottom surface.The biological floating bed structure of described box type stereo is simple, and it is convenient to split.Adopt case structure, while facilitating plant growth, make structure more stable.The length of side or many irregular square holes of diameter 1-3cm or circular hole is had above bed lid, be applicable to multiple different vegetables or planting, its side and bottom surface are 2cm specification square hole, for small fish free shuttling under dish, eliminate root system of plant insect, the scope of application is very wide.During use, can multiple described box type stereo floating bed be horizontally fixed on together, be combined into different shapes, or be arranged to upper and lower sandwich construction, composition floating bed system.
The quantity of described vertical rack is preferably identical with the bracket fixing device quantity of bed body bottom surface, and multiple vertical rack is preferably fixedly linked respectively with multiple bracket fixing device one_to_one corresponding.
Described box type stereo is biological floating bed, can increase floating bed effective area, can be applicable to the technical field such as restoration of the ecosystem, fish and vegetable symbiotic; Utilize vertical rack and box bed structure, improve box type stereo biological floating bed resistance to overturning, make that box type stereo is biological floating bed can resist water surface stormy waves.
Described bed body side surface is that top extends out type, and the angle of described bed body side surface and vertical direction is 5 ° ~ 15 °, is preferably 10 °, folds for bed body weight, convenient transport and preservation.
The height of described bed body is 5cm ~ 15cm, is preferably 10cm, for plant root growth space and control plant growth direction.
Be fixedly linked preferably by straight cutting mode between the bracket fixing device that described vertical rack is corresponding with it.
Described bed body bottom surface is preferably square, and bottom surface diagonally arranges 1 dead lever respectively, biological floating bed in order to reinforce box type stereo further.
The bottom surface of described bed body and side are preferably porous network structure respectively, be preferably square hole, aperture is not more than 2cm, is preferably 2cm, for small fishes locomotion and eliminate plant root parasite etc., prevent large-scale phytophagy, ominivore-fish destroys root system of plant affects plant growth.
Described box type stereo is biological floating bed also comprises bed lid, and described bed lid and bed body sidewall top match.Described bed lid is arranging a bracket holes respectively with each bracket fixing device corresponding position, bed body bottom surface, for the vertical rack through correspondence.Described vertical rack is each passed through bracket holes corresponding on bed lid, and described bed lid and bed body sidewall top are fixedly linked.
Supporting in described box type stereo floating bed multiple specification 10cm*5cm*7cm cuboid empty bottle is set; Described empty bottle cap diameter is not less than 3cm, fixedly hangs on bed lid, in order to increase bed body buoyancy and regulation bed body buoyancy as required.
Described bed lid and bed body sidewall top are fixedly linked preferably by bayonet unit.Described bayonet unit is preferably arranged on bed lid edge.
Described bed lid is porous network structure, and aperture is square hole or the circular hole of the multiple 1-3cm be evenly distributed on bed lid, for planting different plant.
Table 1:PVC tubing, the single plane of bamboo biological floating bed (4m*1m) the cost of manufacture table of comparisons
Can be found out by table 1, PVC material plane biological floating bed (4m*1m) about needs 58.3 yuan/, drop into by average each plane service life biological floating bed year and about need 11.7 yuan/, gathering materials on the spot, when buying without the need to transport, bamboo material plane biological floating bed (4m*1m) makes, about need 30.3 yuan/, drop into by average each plane service life biological floating bed year and about need 10.1 yuan/, bamboo scaffold comparatively PVC scaffold saves 1.6 yuan/. year, advantage of lower cost, but it is normative, aesthetic property, fastness aspect is slightly poor, and be easily out of shape, thick bamboo tube is easily intake, management trouble.
Therefore, raiser is on pvc pipe, bamboo scaffold Material selec-tion, should determine according to own actual situation, if bamboo is drawn materials conveniently, self labour is sufficient, require relatively low to scaffold, bamboo scaffold preparation method can be adopted, if but the plant that scaffold quantity required is more, manpower shortage, bamboo draw materials inconvenience, normalization, aesthetic property, convenient management requirement are higher preferably adopts PVC to make scaffold.
(2) planting vegetable kind is selected:
Planting vegetable kind should select the vegetables of, well developed root system comparatively large to N, P demand and strong the applicable aquatic plantation of regeneration capacity, as water spinach, oenanthe stolonifera, romaine lettuce, sponge gourd, other flower plant waterborne etc., green water cress etc., and preferably water spinach.
Hollow Lepidium vining plant, Root Distribution is shallow, is the system of fibrous root, and regeneration capacity is strong, happiness high temperature and humidity environment, and cissoid growth thermophilic is 25 ~ 30 DEG C, and temperature is higher, and grow more vigorous, the plucking intervals time is shorter; Happiness substantial light photograph, also comparatively strong to the adaptability of dense planting, require not strict to soil condition, its happiness fertile happiness water, fertilizer requirement is large, and resistance to fertility is strong, especially big to the requirement of nitrogenous fertilizer.
China's pond farming fish growth busy season is mainly in 5-9 month, water temperature is at 22 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, growth rapidly, metabolism is vigorous, and consume a large amount of feeds every day and produce more ight soil, residual bait and ight soil are converted into the ammonia nitrogen of water body through a series of ammonification decomposition reaction, this is also the main cause causing body eutrophication, and by the nitrogen fixation of plant, can in water body mineralized nitrogen be nontoxic nitrate and nitrogen, to reach the object of water purification.
And water spinach growth busy season and fish same periods, and growth is rapidly, happiness fertile happiness water is especially large especially to nitrogenous fertilizer demand, pond eutrophication environment is which provide superior growing environment, and the quick growth of water spinach, just in time solve pond waters eutrophication in summer, reach the object of water purification, can increase income again, reducing water correction to drop into, achieve many things at one stroke, is the desirable varieties of plant of pond fish and vegetable symbiotic.
Raiser according to production & marketing needs, can select other vegetables, and general summer plants vegetables with green leaves class water spinach, oenanthe stolonifera and romaine lettuce etc., and melon and fruit class has sponge gourd etc., other flower plant waterborne etc.; Winter planting's green water cress, romaine lettuce etc.
(3) the growing vegetables time:
The summer vegetables such as water spinach, after late April, water temperature is higher than starting plantation when 20 DEG C; The vegetables in autumn such as green water cress, after late October, during temperature more than 10 DEG C, start plantation.Other growing vegetables kinds are according to the season of growth and suitable growth temperature plantation.As Chongqing warmer climate, fishpond is mostly height above sea level less than 500 meters, and winter does not freeze, and can realize annual plantation variety classes vegetables.
(4) growing vegetables ratio:
Because pond farming fish growth in summer is rapid, metabolism is vigorous, consumes a large amount of feeds every day and produces more ight soil, and residual bait and ight soil are converted into ammonia nitrogen and other nutrition discarded objects of water body through a series of ammonification decomposition reaction, the nutrient concentrations such as nitrogen raise, algae and zooplankton amount reproduction, cause Pond Silt richness long-pending, water colour turns black or turns green, smell is smelly, oxygen consumption increases, and pond water quality overfertilization, causes cultured fishes disease multiple.
Pond planting vegetable is exactly the object consuming water body available nitrogen and reach water purification, and more fertile pond is applicable to carrying out growing vegetables waterborne, and water quality is more fertile, and planting vegetable ratio is higher.Can determine whether cultivating pool is applicable to planting vegetable by water colour, smell, the bed mud degree of depth and the cultivation time limit, general fishing breeding pond, more than 3 years culture-cycle, the bed mud degree of depth is more than 30 centimetres, water colour is yellowish-brown, breen, glossy dark green, yellow green, water body has the pond water quality of bad smell more fertile, is applicable to carrying out growing vegetables.
Growing vegetables area is less than 20% of the pond gross area, is preferably 5% ~ 15%, more preferably 10% ~ 15%, is further preferably 15%.
(5) method for growing vegetables:
The mode of transplanting can be adopted to plant.
Direct cultivation, nutrition cup cultivation and walk cultivation is adopted as PVC is biological floating bed.
Cuttage cultivation method refers to directly insert in floating bed by plant haulm (water spinach etc.) by 20cm ~ 30cm spacing in the rows, can survive, this method is swift to operate, simple, but survival rate relatively low (about 80%), the plant that optimum plot size is large, staff is few adopts.
Nutrition cup cultivation mainly flowers and plants cultivate cup, by built-in for cup enter nutrient solution or earth (pond sludge), put into floating bed by 20cm ~ 30cm spacing in the rows, this method survival rate is higher by more than 95%, but relatively loaded down with trivial details.
Walk cultivation mainly refers to directly inserts ready-made little walk (pond sludge) by plant haulm, and put into floating bed by 20cm ~ 30cm spacing in the rows, this method survival rate relatively high (more than 90%), operate also simple and convenient, cost is low.
Suitable implantation methods should be selected flexibly according to the quantity of labour force of oneself by each cultivation unit, each implantation methods survival rate shows as the direct cultivation of nutrition cup cultivation > walk cultivation >, and labor cost amount shows as direct cultivation > walk cultivation > nutrition cup cultivation.
(6) vegetable harvesting method
The summer vegetables such as water spinach are plucked, and just can gather as plant height 25cm ~ 30cm, the cycle of gathering determined according to the vegetative period of dish, and general 10-15 days gathers once.Method is adopted down from basal part of stem 2-3 joint, side shoot occur after under side shoot base portion 1-2 joint place adopts, later stage stem climing too much time should adopt climing for part stem from base portion.
The autumn and winter vegetables harvestings such as green water cress, when long 25 cm of tender stem just can gather in, general 10-20 days gathers once.Method to cut with scissors or sharp pocket knife is cut off bottom tender stem.
(7) fish for:
For the fish of cultivation, employing is lifted net and is fished for.Swim on the water surface due to biological floating bed, draw in the net to fish for and also do not have much affect.
The inventive method is applicable to national all fishing breeding ponds, especially old pond.
Points for attention:
(1) upper and lower two-layer mesh sheet will be tightened, and forms a determining deviation, controls vegetables and upwards grows and avoid lodging.
(2) growing vegetables kind should variation.
(3) biological floating bed should be strip layout, can move integrally, to convert waters and harvesting as required.
(4) gather in time, avoid rotting in vegetables water and affecting subsequent growth.
(5) note the publicity to Vegetable produce mode waterborne, realize selling dish and increase income.
(6) strengthen the observation to change of water quality and monitoring, understand implementation result.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The inventive method is easy, pollution-free, in same water body, aquaculture and growing vegetables are organically combined, realizing breeds fish does not change water, the zoology breeding pattern of the resource reusable edible do not applied fertilizer that plants vegetables, and adopts biological floating bed planting vegetable, plays important improvement result to pond water quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below.
Fig. 1 is the biological floating bed structural representation of pvc pipe plane;
Fig. 2 is the biological floating bed structural representation of bamboo plane;
Fig. 3 is arch stereo ecological floating bed structural representation;
Fig. 4 is the biological floating bed structural representation of triangular solid;
Fig. 5 is the biological floating bed assembly structure schematic diagram of box type stereo;
Fig. 6 is the biological floating bed bed body of box type stereo and bed lid assembly structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the biological floating bed bed structure schematic diagram of box type stereo;
Fig. 8 is the biological floating bed bed lid structural representation of box type stereo;
Fig. 9 is the biological floating bed empty bottle structural representation used of box type stereo;
Figure 10 is the biological floating bed assembly structure schematic diagram of box type stereo containing empty bottle;
Figure 11 is 1, No. 2 test pool and contrast pool ammonia-nitrogen content contrast figure in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Figure 12 is 1, No. 2 test pool and contrast pool nitrite nitrogen content contrast figure in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Figure 13 is 1, No. 2 test pool and contrast the pool total P content contrast figure in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Figure 14 is 1, No. 2 test pool and contrast the total N content contrast in pool figure in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Figure 15 is 1, No. 2 test pool and contrast pool permanganate content contrast figure in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Reference numeral:
1-upper strata mesh sheet; 2-lower floor mesh sheet; 3-framework.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described.But it will be understood to those of skill in the art that following described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments, only for illustration of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition of conveniently conditioned disjunction manufacturer suggestion is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, be and can buy by commercially available the conventional products obtained.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that, orientation or the position relationship of the instruction such as term " " center ", " on ", D score, "left", "right", " vertically ", " level ", " interior ", " outward " they be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship; be only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization; instead of instruction or imply the device of indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ", " the 3rd " only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, and such as, can be fixedly connected with, also can be removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, also can be electrical connection; Can be directly be connected, also indirectly can be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, concrete condition above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention can be understood.
Embodiment 1
Pond, breeding center plantation different proportion (5% is drawn according to Chongqing City, 10%, 15%) vegetables result of the test shows (see table 2), three kinds of gradient test are at pond dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, the water quality index such as transparency all improve significantly, dissolved oxygen is substantially at more than 5.4mg/l, transparency is increased to more than 22cm by 15cm, and between three kinds of gradients, 10%, the 15% gradient test pool is in transparency, ammonia nitrogen aspect all has clear improvement compared with 5%, and 10%, then be more or less the same between the 15% gradient test pool, 15% is slightly better than the 10% test pool, therefore growing vegetables waterborne is carried out in more fertile pond, it is comparatively suitable that cultivated area controls 5% ~ 15%, good water purification and growth can be played, according to the increase and decrease planting proportion that pond waters girth of a garment degree can be suitable, but should control within 20% of pond area.
Concrete cultivated area ratio refers to following table.
Table 2: pond plantation fish dish area ratio reference table
Draw breeding center at Chongqing City's aquatic products to select three mouthfuls of identical three mouthfuls of ponds of primary condition (two oral examinations are tested the pool, flatly contrasted the pool) to carry out the water quality index such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, permanganate indices to detect, carry out evaluation.Details See Figure 11-Figure 15, table 3.
Table 3: fish and vegetable symbiotic pond, Huimin street, Banan District Testing index contrast table
As can be seen from the above table, fish and vegetable symbiotic test pond all comparatively contrasts pond in ammonia-nitrogen content, nitrite nitrogen content, permanganate content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content obvious reduction, and distance growing vegetables region each Indexs measure content nearlyer is lower in same pond, otherwise then high, absolutely prove that the important improvement result of growing vegetables to pool water quality is carried out in pond.
Raiser in process of production, in line with the easy to operate and maximized principle of performance vegetables regulation and control water quality effect, should carry out layout according to band shape to biological floating bed, spacing 3-5 rice, banded fixing, can move integrally, as required eutrophication region in flexible modulation water body.
Although illustrate and describe the present invention with specific embodiment, however it will be appreciated that can to make when not deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention many other change and amendment.Therefore, this means to comprise all such changes and modifications belonged in the scope of the invention in the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. a fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method, is characterized in that, arranges biological floating bed in pond, planting vegetable on biological floating bed, cultured fishes in pond.
2. a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, increased by pool bank, remove mud and realize in breeding process that from light to dark, making into the fish pond depth of water is 2.0 ~ 2.5 meters in pond, the fingerling pond depth of water 1.3 ~ 1.7 meters, the fry pond depth of water is 0.8 ~ 1.2 meter.
3. a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described pond water, people is that the suspension content caused is no more than 10mg/L; In described pond, water body pH is 6.5-8.5; Described pond oxygen in water is not less than 3mg/L, in 24 hours more than 16 hours, and dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L; Described pond waters transparency is less than 30 centimetres.
4. a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, cultured fishes pattern is pond 80:20 aquaculture model.
5. a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, determines suitable vegetable growing area according to the growth rate of cultured fishes, Stage Nutrition requirement and manufactured feed and bait input amount, digestibility.
6. a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, before entering the pool, fingerling is carried out disinfection, preferred service property (quality) mark is the saline solution of 2% ~ 4%, to embathe 5 ~ 10 minutes or working concentration is the bleaching powder aqueous solution of 10/ cubic metre ~ 20 grams/cubic metre, embathe about 10 minutes; Carry out disinfection to bait before feeding, pasture and water are preferably soaked 20 ~ 30 minutes with the Eusol that concentration is 4 ~ 8 grams/cubic metre, throw something and feed after clear water washes down; Terrestrial plant and fresh and alive animal bait are thrown something and fed after preferably cleaning with clear water; Before using, instrument is carried out disinfection, netting gear preferably embathes 10 ~ 30 minutes with the copper-bath that concentration is 5 ~ 15 grams/cubic metre, re-use after drying, wooden instrument is preferably after the bleaching fluid sterilization of 1% ~ 10% with mass fraction, cleans and re-use in clear water; Carry out disinfection to the pond water surface: pull residual bait in pond out after feed terminates, preferably used bleaching powder every 1 ~ 2 week, consumption is 0.5 ~ 1 gram/cubic metre, or strong chlorine oil, consumption is 0.1 ~ 0.5 gram/cubic metre, to splash sterilization at the pond water surface, or hanging basket or hanging bag sterilization around bait table; Carry out chemoprophylaxis in epidemic disease season, preferably at pond water surface hanging bag, hanging basket or full pond float disinfectant, preferably every first quarter moon lime disinfection, consumption is 10 ~ 30 grams/cubic metre; Select Chinese herbal medicine to carry out preventing in body to fish, preferably every double centner fish rheum officinale 10 ~ 30 grams, the root of large-flowered skullcap 8 ~ 24 grams, golden cypress 5 ~ 16 grams, 10 ~ 30 grams, sodium bicarbonate, mix after pulverizing to raise and throw something and feed, or give fish vaccination.
7. a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described biological floating bed be plane formula biological floating bed and three-dimensional biological floating bed in one or more, determine suitable biological floating bed according to planting vegetable kind; Describedly three-dimensionally biological floating bedly comprise that arch stereo ecological floating bed, triangular solid are biological floating bed, box type stereo biological floating bed in one or more.
8. a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described biological floating bed material is Ecosystem environmental protection material, is preferably pvc pipe, bamboo, PE plastics.
9. a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, growing vegetables area is less than 20% of the pond gross area, is preferably 5% ~ 15%, more preferably 10% ~ 15%, is further preferably 10%; Biological floating bed with zonal distribution, spacing is 3 ~ 5 meters.
10. a kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic kind breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, method for growing vegetables is transplanting, preferably includes one or more in cuttage cultivation method, nutrition cup cultivation and walk cultivation.
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CN110604077A (en) * 2019-11-08 2019-12-24 塔里木大学 Pond domestication technology of special wild Triplophysa metrygii
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