CN114128655A - Method for cultivating eriocheir sinensis juvenile crabs by using yellow croaker - Google Patents
Method for cultivating eriocheir sinensis juvenile crabs by using yellow croaker Download PDFInfo
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- CN114128655A CN114128655A CN202111411187.0A CN202111411187A CN114128655A CN 114128655 A CN114128655 A CN 114128655A CN 202111411187 A CN202111411187 A CN 202111411187A CN 114128655 A CN114128655 A CN 114128655A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic product culture, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating eriocheir sinensis juvenile crabs by using yellow croakers. The method comprises the steps of crab pool selection, yellow croaker selection and planting, crab pool preparation, other aquatic grass planting and management, yellow croaker management and the like. According to the invention, the yellow croaker replaces the water peanuts to serve as main aquatic weeds for culturing the crabs, the roots of the yellow croaker are thicker than the water peanuts and are not easy to be damaged by the crabs, the formed floating bed has larger gaps, better water body fluidity and higher dissolved oxygen, the cultured crabs have larger specifications and higher yield; the method can effectively avoid the harm of alternanthera philoxeroides leaf beetle insect pests to alternanthera philoxeroides in the pool in recent years, reduce the use of pesticides and prevent the outbreak of blue algae, and according to the method disclosed by the invention, the green and efficient culture technical level of the crabs can be effectively improved, the per mu yield of the crabs is about 50% higher than that of the alternanthera philoxeroides pool, and the individual specification is improved by about 30%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating eriocheir sinensis juvenile crabs by using yellow croaker nipponica.
Background
The yellow croaker, a one-to-many-year-old herb, may branch in floating water or transverse mud and grow very long in rhizome. When the depth of the periphyton is deep in the growing period, white respiratory roots can grow in the stolon internodes; the vitality is extremely strong, and the young leaves of the stem tips can still survive in winter. The yellow croaker is a tropical and subtropical wide variety, belongs to a native species in China, is mainly distributed in southeast, southwest and Taiwan regions, and also grows in wetlands and ditches in Taihu lake watershed.
In the present stage, most of larval juvenile crabs breeding households use alternanthera philoxeroides (alternanthera philoxeroides) as main aquatic weeds of the larval crabs pool, the alternanthera philoxeroides can purify breeding water, provide hidden places for juvenile crabs to inhabit and exuviate, and are favorable for crab seed production. However, in recent years, the survival rate of the alternanthera philoxeroides is low due to frequent alternanthera philoxeroides leaf beetle insect damage, so that the larval blue algae eruption is caused due to the shortage of the aquatic weed floating bed in the larval crab pond in a high-temperature season, and the larval crab attack is caused; farmers use pesticides to kill alternanthera philoxeroides, but the effect is poor, and the alternanthera philoxeroides cannot grow normally, and simultaneously, pesticide residues are caused, so that the water environment and the crab health are harmed. The yield and the quality of the juvenile crabs in the water peanut pond are reduced due to the reasons, and the breeding benefit is influenced. In the culture of various reports at present, the higher yield per mu and the specification of the water peanuts are usually 200 and 250 kilograms per mu and 120 per kilogram under the condition that the leaf beetle insect pests do not occur; however, the yield per mu and the specification can be as low as 75 kilograms per mu under the condition of leaf beetle pests, and the specification is 120 per kilogram.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for effectively avoiding water chestnut leaf shell insect pests, reducing pesticide use and promoting a water crab culture technology to be more green and efficient by taking yellow river dragon as a main aquatic weed in the existing water crab culture process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating eriocheir sinensis crabs by using yellow croaker is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a crab pool: selecting a pond with flat bottom and good water retention; the pond is convenient and quick to inject and drain water, is separated, is complete in escape-proof facilities, and is provided with microporous oxygenation and waterwheel oxygenation facilities;
(2) selecting and planting the yellow croaker: selecting a yellow croaker plant which withers on the surface but is fresh and green in stems and tendrils in 2-3 months; pulling a nylon rope and planting the yellow croaker;
(3) preparing a crab buckling pool: drying the pond and then cleaning the pond, and fertilizing water to culture plankton;
(4) planting and managing other aquatic weeds: planting hydrilla verticillata or elodea nutans in the blank space of the yellow river in late 4 months; the young crabs are not replanted after being damaged, and if the young crabs are not completely damaged, the young crabs are gradually moved out of the pond in the middle ten days of 6 months;
(5) managing the yellow croaker: after germination, the yellow croaker is properly fertilized according to the growth condition; 4, gradually adding water into the pond in the middle ten days of the month to promote the yellow croaker to grow upwards; pulling the nylon rope to the water surface in the middle ten days of 6 months, cutting off the bottom of the yellow croaker, trimming to form a regular floating bed, and then periodically trimming, wherein the area of the regular floating bed is controlled to be 45-55% of the total area of the pond; after the crab pond starts to winter, gradually cleaning the withered yellow croaker till the withered yellow croaker is completely moved out of the crab pond.
In the step (1), the area of the crab pool is 5-10 mu, the depth of the crab pool is about 1.5 m, the bottom of the crab pool is flat, the ridge of the crab pool is firm and does not leak, the water retention property is good, and plastic plates with the height of 60 cm are selected around the ridge of the crab pool to build anti-escape facilities; the outer end of the water inlet is surrounded by a mesh cloth, and the inner end of the water inlet is compacted and filtered by a double-layer 80-mesh silk bag; the water outlet is firmly bound and sleeved by a mesh; the microporous oxygen increasing facilities are equipped according to 0.3-0.5 kilowatt per mu, and the waterwheel oxygen increasing facilities are equipped according to 0.2 kilowatt per mu, so that the water body in the crab pool flows, and the dissolved oxygen of the water bodies in and below the yellow croaker floating bed is promoted to be sufficient.
The planting time of the yellow croaker in the step (2) is 2-3 months, the yellow croaker is in a withered state and does not sprout, and in order to ensure that the yellow croaker can survive after being planted, plants which are withered on the surface and still have green and active stems and tendrils are selected; selecting firm and durable nylon ropes with the diameter of about 10 mm, parallelly arranging the nylon ropes at the bottom of the pond, fixing the nylon ropes at intervals of 4-6 m at two ends by using piles, and tensioning the nylon ropes, wherein the distance from the tail ends to the pond ridges on two sides is 2-3 m. The selected stem and tendrils of the yellow river dragon are bundled into a bundle of about 20, one bundle is bound on a nylon rope per meter, and the nylon rope and the yellow river dragon are shallowly buried in bottom mud to promote the yellow river dragon to take root and sprout;
solarization is carried out on the pond in the step (3) for about 1 month, so that the bottom mud of the pond is thoroughly oxidized; at the beginning of 4 months, filling the pond with water, and completely cleaning the pond by spraying 150 kilograms of slurried lime into each mu of pond and reserving about 20 centimeters of water in the pond after 3 days of cleaning the pond so as to facilitate the growth of yellow croaker; 7-10 days before the crab larvae are put in the pond, the water level of the pond is increased to 40-50 cm, and a proper amount of organic fertilizer and rich water is used for cultivating plankton.
In the step (4), hydrilla verticillata or elodea nutans are planted in the blank space of the growth of the yellow croaker in late 4 months, the planting distance is 8-10 m, the growth area is controlled to be 20-30% of the total area of the pond, and the hydrilla verticillata or elodea nutans is used as a place where young crabs inhabit and molt shells and plant feeds, and is not replanted after being damaged by the young crabs in the future; if the young crabs are not completely destroyed, the crabs are gradually fished out of the pool in the middle ten days of 6 months to be eliminated, so that the rotten grass in the high-temperature period is prevented from destroying the water quality, and the death of the young crabs is prevented.
After germination, the yellow croaker in the step (5) can be properly fertilized according to growth conditions to promote growth; gradually adding water into the pond in the middle ten days of 4 months to promote the yellow river dragon to grow upwards, and when the crab seedlings are put in the pond, the water depth is about 40 cm, and the top of the yellow river dragon grows out of the water surface; in the middle ten days of 6 months, cutting off the root and stem of the yellow river dragon which is tied in the bottom mud at the bottom, pulling up the nylon rope to the water surface to enable the yellow river dragon to integrally float up to form a floating bed, and arranging fixing piles at intervals of 5 meters to fix the nylon rope to prevent the floating bed from drifting; the yellow croaker water dragon floating bed is cut into floating beds with nylon ropes as central axes and the width of 2-3 meters, and the distance between each floating bed and the pond ridge and between each floating bed is 2-3 meters, so that the water body can flow smoothly; the coverage rate of the yellow croaker is controlled to be 45-55% of the total area of the pond; gradually withering the yellow river dragon after 11 months, timely cleaning withered yellow river dragon plants to prevent the withered yellow river dragon plants from spoiling water quality, and cleaning the whole yellow river dragon floating bed out of the crab pool by pulling a nylon rope in 12 months later.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the yellow croaker is used for replacing the water peanuts as the main aquatic weeds for cultivating the crabs, the rootstocks of the yellow croaker are thicker than the water peanuts and are not easy to be damaged by the crabs, the formed floating bed has larger gaps, better water body fluidity and higher dissolved oxygen, the acre yield of the cultivated crabs is about 50% higher than that of a water peanut pond, and the individual specification is improved by about 30%. The harm of frequent alternanthera philoxeroides pests to alternanthera philoxeroides in the crab pool in recent years can be effectively avoided, the use of pesticides is reduced, the outbreak of blue algae is prevented, and the disease attack and the yield reduction of crabs caused by the damage of alternanthera philoxeroides by alternanthera philoxeroides are avoided; the planting mode of the yellow croaker is simple and efficient, the formed floating bed is more convenient to mow and comb than a frame-shaped floating bed, and the yellow croaker is firmer and cannot deviate in windy weather.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
(1) selecting a crab pool: in a juvenile crab cultivation test base at the edge of a long swinging lake, 3 rectangular ponds with the area of 8 mu are selected. The bottom of the pool is flat, the sludge is 15 cm, the pool ridge is firm and does not leak, the water retention is good, and the periphery of the pool ridge is built with plastic plates with the height of 60 cm to form escape-proof facilities; the water source is a Changdong lake inland river water source, water injection and drainage are convenient and quick and are separated, the outer end of the water inlet is surrounded by a mesh cloth, the inner end of the water inlet is strictly pricked and filtered by a double-layer 80-mesh silk bag, and foreign enemy organisms such as wild trash fish and the like are prevented from entering the pond; each pond is provided with 1 set of micropore oxygenation facilities with 3 kilowatts and 2 sets of waterwheel oxygenation facilities with 1 kilowatt.
(2) Selecting and planting the yellow croaker: selecting a yellow croaker plant with green stems and tendrils in the last ten days of the month 2; the nylon ropes with the diameter of about 10 mm, which are firm and durable are selected, are pulled in a mode that the nylon ropes are parallel to the long edges of the pond ridges in the east-west direction and are spaced by 5 meters, and the distance between the two ends of each rope and the pond ridges on the two sides is 2 meters, and the nylon ropes are piled and fixed every 5 meters, so that the floating bed formed by the yellow croaker is prevented from floating randomly. The selected yellow river dragon takes about 20 roots as one bundle, the yellow river dragon is bound on a nylon rope by one bundle per meter, and the nylon rope and the yellow river dragon are buried in bottom mud in a shallow mode, so that rooting and sprouting of the yellow river dragon are promoted.
(3) Preparing a crab buckling pool: the pond is solarized for 1 month, so that the bottom mud of the pond is thoroughly oxidized; 4, month and 5 days, filling the pond with water, and splashing 150 kilograms of slurried lime into the pond per mu for cleaning the pond; after 3 days, the pond is cleaned, and water is left in the pond by about 20 cm and cannot submerge the yellow river dragon, so that the growth of the yellow river dragon is facilitated; 1 day in 5 months, 10 days before the crab seedlings are put into the pond, the water level of the pond reaches about 40 cm, and a proper amount of organic fertilizer and rich water is used for cultivating plankton, so that excessive rich water is avoided; and (5) amplifying the eye larvae in 10 days after 5 months, and culturing according to a normal culture management technology.
(4) Planting and managing other aquatic weeds: in late 4 months, hydrilla verticillata or elodea is planted in the blank space of the growth of the yellow croaker, the planting distance is 8-10 m, the growth area is controlled to be 30% of the total area of the pond, and the hydrilla verticillata or elodea is used as a place where young crabs inhabit and molt shells and a vegetal feed, and is not replanted after being damaged by the young crabs; if the young crabs are not completely destroyed, the crabs are gradually fished out of the pool in the middle ten days of 6 months to be eliminated, so that the rotten grass in the high-temperature period is prevented from destroying water quality, and the death of a large number of young crabs is prevented.
(5) Managing the yellow croaker: after germination, the yellow croaker can be properly fertilized according to the growth condition to promote growth; gradually adding water into the pond in the middle ten days of 4 months to promote the yellow river dragon to grow upwards, and when the crab seedlings are put in the pond, the water depth is about 40 cm, and the top of the yellow river dragon grows out of the water surface; in the middle ten days of 6 months, cutting off the rhizome of the yellow river dragon which is tied in the bottom mud at the bottom, and pulling up the nylon rope to the water surface to enable the yellow river dragon to integrally float up to form a floating bed; the yellow croaker water dragon floating beds are cut into floating beds with the nylon rope as the center and the width of about 2.5 meters, the distance between every two floating beds is about 2.5 meters, and the smooth flow of the water body is kept; the coverage rate of the yellow croaker is controlled to be about 50 percent of the total area of the pond; gradually withering the yellow river dragon after 11 months, timely cleaning withered yellow river dragon plants to prevent the withered yellow river dragon plants from spoiling water quality, and cleaning the whole yellow river dragon floating bed out of the crab pool by pulling a nylon rope in 12 months later.
(6) Feeding and daily management: in order to ensure the normal growth of the crabs, the feeding and the daily management are carried out according to a normal breeding method.
Example 2:
the same as example 1 except that:
step (2), planting the alternanthera philoxeroides: in late ten days of 2 months, peanut plants with green stems and tendrils are selected, about 20 peanut plants are used as a bunch, the peanut plants are planted in the bottom sediment at a row spacing of 5 meters and a plant spacing of 1 meter, each row of peanuts is parallel to the long edge of the pond ridge and is separated by 5 meters, and the distance between the pond ridges on the two sides of each row is 2 meters.
Step (5), managing the peanuts: cutting off the root and stem of the bottom of the water peanut in the middle ten days of the month 6, enabling the water peanut to float upwards to form a floating bed, enclosing the water peanut into a rectangular strip shape by using a rod and a nylon rope, and enabling the shape and the size of the floating bed to be basically consistent with those of the yellow croaker test pool.
Comparing the test results, and catching the crabs in 1 month in the next year: in the embodiment 1 according to the operation flow of the invention, the 3-mouth pond of the yellow croaker planted with the yellow croaker is lush in the culture season, blue algae does not occur in the high-temperature season, the average yield per mu is 315 kg of crabs, and the average specification is 90 crabs per kg. In example 2, only 2 steps are different from the operation of the invention, the 3-mouth pond water peanuts are flourishing in the culture season, blue algae is not generated in the high-temperature season, the average yield per mu is 203 kg of crabs, and the average specification is 120 crabs per kg.
Claims (6)
1. A method for cultivating eriocheir sinensis crabs by using yellow croaker is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a crab pool: selecting a pond with flat bottom and good water retention; the pond is convenient and quick to inject and drain water, is separated, is complete in escape-proof facilities, and is provided with microporous oxygenation and waterwheel oxygenation facilities;
(2) selecting and planting the yellow croaker: selecting a yellow croaker plant which withers on the surface but is fresh and green in stems and tendrils in 2-3 months; pulling a nylon rope and planting the yellow croaker;
(3) preparing a crab buckling pool: drying the pond and then cleaning the pond, and fertilizing water to culture plankton;
(4) planting and managing other aquatic weeds: planting hydrilla verticillata or elodea nutans in the blank space of the yellow river in late 4 months; the young crabs are not replanted after being damaged, and if the young crabs are not completely damaged, the young crabs are gradually moved out of the pond in the middle ten days of 6 months;
(5) managing the yellow croaker: after germination, the yellow croaker is properly fertilized according to the growth condition; 4, gradually adding water into the pond in the middle ten days of the month to promote the yellow croaker to grow upwards; pulling the nylon rope to the water surface in the middle ten days of 6 months, cutting off the bottom of the yellow croaker, trimming to form a regular floating bed, and then periodically trimming, wherein the area of the regular floating bed is controlled to be 45-55% of the total area of the pond; after the crab pond starts to winter, gradually cleaning the withered yellow croaker till the withered yellow croaker is completely moved out of the crab pond.
2. The method for cultivating the eriocheir sinensis crabs by using the yellow croaker according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the area of the crab pool is 5-10 mu, the depth of the crab pool is about 1.5 m, the bottom of the crab pool is flat, the ridge of the crab pool is firm and does not leak, the water retention property is good, and plastic plates with the height of 60 cm are selected around the ridge of the crab pool to build anti-escape facilities; the outer end of the water inlet is surrounded by a mesh cloth, and the inner end of the water inlet is compacted and filtered by a double-layer 80-mesh silk bag; the water outlet is firmly bound and sleeved by a mesh; the microporous oxygen increasing facilities are equipped according to 0.3-0.5 kilowatt per mu, and the waterwheel oxygen increasing facilities are equipped according to 0.2 kilowatt per mu, so that the water body in the crab pool flows, and the dissolved oxygen of the water bodies in and below the yellow croaker floating bed is promoted to be sufficient.
3. The method for cultivating the eriocheir sinensis crabs by using the yellow croaker according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the planting time of the yellow croaker in the step (2) is 2-3 months, the yellow croaker is in a withered state and does not sprout, and in order to ensure that the yellow croaker can survive after being planted, plants which are withered on the surface and still have green and active stems and tendrils are selected; selecting firm and durable nylon ropes with the diameter of about 10 mm, parallelly arranging the nylon ropes at the bottom of the pond, fixing the nylon ropes at intervals of 4-6 m at two ends by using piles, and tensioning the nylon ropes, wherein the distance from the tail ends to the pond ridges on two sides is 2-3 m. The method comprises the steps of binding a bundle of 20 selected Huanghua hydrolong stems and tendrils as one bundle per meter on a nylon rope, and burying the nylon rope and the Huanghua hydrolong in bottom mud to promote the Huanghua hydrolong to take root and sprout.
4. The method for cultivating the eriocheir sinensis crabs by using the yellow croaker according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: solarization is carried out on the pond in the step (3) for about 1 month, so that the bottom mud of the pond is thoroughly oxidized; at the beginning of 4 months, filling the pond with water, and completely cleaning the pond by spraying 150 kilograms of slurried lime into each mu of pond and reserving about 20 centimeters of water in the pond after 3 days of cleaning the pond so as to facilitate the growth of yellow croaker; 7-10 days before the crab larvae are put in the pond, the water level of the pond is increased to 40-50 cm, and a proper amount of organic fertilizer and rich water is used for cultivating plankton.
5. The method for cultivating the eriocheir sinensis crabs by using the yellow croaker according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), hydrilla verticillata or elodea nutans are planted in the blank space of the growth of the yellow croaker in late 4 months, the planting distance is 8-10 m, the growth area is controlled to be 20-30% of the total area of the pond, and the hydrilla verticillata or elodea nutans is used as a place where young crabs inhabit and molt shells and plant feeds, and is not replanted after being damaged by the young crabs in the future; if the young crabs are not completely destroyed, the crabs are gradually fished out of the pool in the middle ten days of 6 months to be eliminated, so that the rotten grass in the high-temperature period is prevented from destroying the water quality, and the death of the young crabs is prevented.
6. The method for cultivating the eriocheir sinensis crabs by using the yellow croaker according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after germination, the yellow croaker in the step (5) can be properly fertilized according to growth conditions to promote growth; gradually adding water into the pond in the middle ten days of 4 months to promote the yellow river dragon to grow upwards, and when the crab seedlings are put in the pond, the water depth is about 40 cm, and the top of the yellow river dragon grows out of the water surface; in the middle ten days of 6 months, cutting off the root and stem of the yellow river dragon which is tied in the bottom mud at the bottom, pulling up the nylon rope to the water surface to enable the yellow river dragon to integrally float up to form a floating bed, and arranging fixing piles at intervals of 5 meters to fix the nylon rope to prevent the floating bed from drifting; the yellow croaker water dragon floating bed is cut into floating beds with nylon ropes as central axes and the width of 2-3 meters, and the distance between each floating bed and the pond ridge and between each floating bed is 2-3 meters, so that the water body can flow smoothly; the coverage rate of the yellow croaker is controlled to be 45-55% of the total area of the pond; gradually withering the yellow river dragon after 11 months, timely cleaning withered yellow river dragon plants to prevent the withered yellow river dragon plants from spoiling water quality, and cleaning the whole yellow river dragon floating bed out of the crab pool by pulling a nylon rope in 12 months later.
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