CN106719119A - A kind of pond efficient ecological three dimensional-planting-breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of pond efficient ecological three dimensional-planting-breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106719119A CN106719119A CN201611030178.6A CN201611030178A CN106719119A CN 106719119 A CN106719119 A CN 106719119A CN 201611030178 A CN201611030178 A CN 201611030178A CN 106719119 A CN106719119 A CN 106719119A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of pond efficient ecological three dimensional-planting-breeding method, net cage is set in pond, culturing rice field eel in net cage, water spinach is planted on net cage, it is integrated with foster eel net cage biologic float bed, large freshwater fish is cultivated outside net cage and is covered and support mandarin fish, build material circulation, the efficient ecological system of auto purification.Water spinach utilizes solar energy, and by nutriments such as nitrogen phosphorus in flourishing Root Absorption water, the water spinach produced can not only be used for fish meal, also can be edible for people as vegetables.Water spinach can improve water quality to the catharsis of water body, reduce fish disease incidence, reduce medication, improve fish quality.Culturing rice field eel in net cage, pond is put large fish set in a suitable place to breed and supports mandarin fish, makes full use of water surface resource, significantly improves pond utilization rate.Increase the yield of famous-brand and high-quality aquatic products and water spinach, reduce water, electricity, medicine input, economic benefit is greatly improved.The effect for also there are manufacture landscape, energy-saving and emission-reduction simultaneously, beautifying the environment.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of pond efficient ecological three dimensional-planting-breeding method.
Background technology
Current China main breeding way of aqiuculrue is that multi items are raised together with, and mainly cultivates grass carp, silver carp, flathead, crucian carp, bream, green grass or young crops
Fish etc., because the cultivation input price such as feed rises, aquaculture cost increases year by year, and culture benefit is more and more lower, has even
There is loss.In order to increase economic efficiency, cultivation density is continuously increased, because cultivation density is big, a large amount of using feed fertilizer, caused
Cultivation water environment deteriorates, and fish diseases take place frequently, and cause blindness medication, serious to threaten ecological safety and fish quality.
In order to improve fanning economics, some ponds change breeding way, carry out net cage and support eel.But current net cage supports eel pond one
As do not put other fish in a suitable place to breed, or only put silver carp flathead in a suitable place to breed on a small quantity, pond waters utilization rate is relatively low.Therefore, a kind of pond ecological is invented to stand
Body breeding technology, overall economic efficiency, ecological benefits and the social benefit for improving pond is particularly important.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of pond efficient ecological three dimensional-planting-breeding method, net cage, net are set in pond
Culturing rice field eel in case, plants water spinach on net cage, be integrated with foster eel net cage biologic float bed, and large fresh water is cultivated outside net cage
Fish simultaneously cover foster mandarin fish, build material circulation, the efficient ecological system of auto purification.Water spinach utilizes solar energy, by prosperity
The nutriment such as nitrogen phosphorus in Root Absorption water, the water spinach produced can not only be used for fish meal, also can supply people as vegetables
It is edible.Water spinach can improve water quality to the catharsis of water body, reduce fish disease incidence, reduce medication, improve aquatic products
Quality safety.Culturing rice field eel in net cage, pond is put large fish set in a suitable place to breed and supports mandarin fish, makes full use of water surface resource, significantly improves pond
Pool utilization rate.Increase the yield of famous-brand and high-quality aquatic products and water spinach, reduce water, electricity, medicine input, economic benefit is greatly improved.Together
When also there is manufacture landscape, energy-saving and emission-reduction, the effect beautified the environment.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of pond efficient ecological three dimensional-planting-breeding method, comprises the following steps：
A, pond condition：Selection is had abundant water resources, water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free source, the pond with independent drainage system, pond
Pool area is 8-10 mus, and bottom of pond is flat, and the depth of water is 1.5~2.0m.
B, the preparation of ponds：Winter drains water, removes excessive mud, and mud depth keeps 20~30 ㎝.
C, fingerling stocking：（1）Clean up the pond：Thoroughly cleaned up the pond with quick lime within 7~10 days before fingerling stocking；
（2）Deliver：1-3 months deliver following fingerling：
1. grass carp：Specification is 15-20 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 10-20 ㎏/mus；
2. silver carp：Specification is 30-40 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 10-20 ㎏/mus；
3. variegated carp：Specification is 30-40 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 4-10 ㎏/mus；
4. crucian：Specification is 30-40 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 20-25 ㎏/mus；
5. bream：Specification is 30-40 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 5-10 ㎏/mus；
6. black carp：Specification is 15-20 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 5-6 ㎏/mus；
June delivers the foster mandarin fish of set：Specification is body 3-5 ㎝ long, and supply volume is 25 tails/mu.
D, swamp eel are put in a suitable place to breed and manage：
（1）Net cage makes and installs：10~15d installs net cage before eel kind cartonning, and it is 3m × 2m that every mu sets 30-40 specification
The net cage of × 1.5m, net cage spacing is 1.5~2m, and often row is separated by 2~3m, net cage above water height 40cm, and net cage bottom is far from pond
30~40cm of bottom, the mesh of mesh sheet is less than 5 ㎜.
（2）Water spinach floating bed makes:With the ㎝ PVC water pipes of diameter 4 be welded into an equal amount of square frame floating bed of net cage, will be close
Eye screen cloth is cut into the mesh sheet consistent with floating bed shape size and is fixed on the framework of floating bed, then framework is placed in into net cage most goes up
Layer.
（3）Water spinach is transplanted：In mid or late May, in the mesh sheet of the water spinach seedling insertion floating bed frame that will have been cultivated, protect
Water spinach root system is held below the water surface, seedling 18-22 ㎝ long, Transplanting Density is ㎝ × 25 ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25, is 0.15- with seedling amount
0.25㎏/㎡。
How much Transplanting Density can be adjusted according to the pond water quality girth of a garment and feed input, the time in one week of water spinach
President is got well and is covered swamp eel net cage, be the growth of swamp eel, the good ecological environment of offer is provided.
（4）Eel kind is put in a suitable place to breed:Mid or late June stocking size for 15-30g ∕ tails eel kind, breeding density be 2.5-3 ㎏/
Case, PVP-I full pond sterilization before eel kind inlet, eel kind deliver before with 3%~4% salt water dipping bath 5-10min, in dipping bath
During, eel kind that is injured, having bad physiques is rejected, and carry out size fractionation.The specification put in a suitable place to breed in same net cage should be consistent, to keep away
Exempt to cause the difference of growth because of ingestion ability difference and cut one another's throat.
（5）Swamp eel is anti-escape：Periodically kill mouse and check net cage whether there is breakage, note pond SEA LEVEL VARIATION, prevent water from going up
Or the raw swamp eel of water spinach over growth outlet outgoing long escapes.
（6）Swamp eel feeds：Eel kind enters not feeding in 2 days behind pond, at night 9 after 2 days:30-10:Earthworm is shredded heap by 30
It is placed on water spinach, carries out food calling, the feeding amount of throwing of first time can be the 1% of eel kind gross weight, to throw and check amount after raising 3h, etc.
Eat everything up, secondary day feeding volume rises to the 2% of eel kind gross weight, is ingested after taming and dociling food through 7 to 10 days normal, in feed by
Step increases the minced fillet oppressed with silver carp and be twisted into, and 1/5 minced fillet of feeding volume can be added for the first time, while reducing by 1/5 earthworm, keeps
Feeding volume is constant, is progressively transitioned into when minced fillet accounts for the 1/2 of feeding volume without earthworm, replaces earthworm using mixed feed, now fish
Rotten is 1 with mixed feed weight ratio:1, to tame and docile after raising successfully, the daily throwing feeding time can shift to an earlier date half an hour, progressively be advanced to afternoon 6:
00-7:00 throws feeding 1 time, and each net cage sets 2-3 point fixed point and feeds.
（7）Swamp eel disease control:During culture of swamp eel, per first quarter moon bleaching powder or chlorine dioxide hanging bag 1 time, every
Net cage hangs 2 bags, and every bag puts medicine 100g；Per 15d with quick lime full pool spilling head 1 time, consumption is 20-30 ㎏/mu；Per 20d the whole network casees
Splashed once with 80mg PVP-Is；A pharmaceutical chemistry is fed before August part per 15d, 5g Enrofloxacins or 2.5g are used by 100kg swamp eels
Florfenicol mixes bait plus vitamin V k3, prevents bacterial disease, is once used in conjunction 3 days；Per 15d with a Chinese medicine zental expelling parasite
Once；Pharmaceutical chemistry 30d is with once after August part.
（8）The harvesting of floating bed water spinach：Water spinach is harvested by when water spinach grows to the water surface above 25 more than ㎝ of stem length
Cauline leaf, once cuts the 1/4-1/5 of net cage area, and during first, second harvesting, basal part of stem will stop 2-3 section, after profit harvesting
Sprouting sprouts, lasting harvesting to first frost season.
（9）Swamp eel is fished for：
After November, with water temperature drop, swamp eel reaches 200g/ tails or so, can fish for listing, will plant hollow when fishing for
The floating bed frame of dish is removed, and is fished for by lifting net cage.
E, pond fingerling feed：
Pondfish whole process feeds pellet, is respectively fed once using device for feeding fish bait every morning, afternoon, and day feeding volume is food fish
The 2-3% of body weight, specific feeding volume is depending on weather, fish situation.
F, pond water quality regulation and fish disease prevention and control：
Changing water in time according to variation of water keeps water pure and fresh, and a 10-20 ㎝ of intaking weekly, water transfer uses what is purified water
Photosynthetic bacteria or bacillus two weeks once, used insecticide before May（The cleer and peaceful finger ring spirit of metrifonate, wheel）Once；6~9
Month high temperature season, every 20 days by the m of the depth of water 1 15 kg/ mus of quick lime water full pool spilling head 1 time, 6-9 month high temperature season fine days
Noon starts aerator 2 hours or so, runs into overcast and rainy or low pressure weather, and midnight starts aerator until early morning.
G, fish for：
Fish for grass carp, silver carp, variegated carp, bream, black carp, crucian He Mandarin fishes in the end of the year, dry pond.
Described water spinach, original name swamp cabbage, also known as rattan vine vegetable, burdock, logical heart dish, it is not in the mood for dish, urn dish, empty cylinder dish, bamboo
Leaf vegetables, mexicana.It is empty to open white horn-like Hua Qigeng centers, therefore claims " water spinach ".
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
1st, compared with existing aqiuculrue, increased net cage and support eel, significantly improve economic benefit；
2nd, water surface planting water spinach, purifies water, and reduces disease, reduces water consumption, dosage, reduces production cost,
Improve fishery -ies product quality safety and ecological safety；
3rd, pond set supports mandarin fish, in the case of mandarin fish feed cost is not increased, can mu is flat increases income 15-20 kilograms of commodity mandarin fish, it is pure
Income is more than 300 yuan；
4th, it is integrated with foster eel net cage biologic float bed, improves water surface utilization rate, plays biologic float bed to greatest extent
Purifying water effect；
5th, plant of the water peanut as foster eel net cage is substituted with water spinach, not only increases the income of water spinach, and relatively use spray
Raw net cage yellow eel output increased 2-3 ㎏/case.
6th, the nutrients such as water body, nitrogen, phosphorus are moved out of after water spinach is gathered in by the band water-outlet body in the form of vegetables.1 is public
Fresh nitrogenous 2.557 grams, phosphorous 0.455 gram of the water spinach of jin.Research shows can have with the water spinach floating bed that 7.5% coverage is built
Effect ground reduces nitrogen, phosphorus level, total nitrogen in pond waters（TN）Clearance is up to more than 70%, total phosphorus（TP）Clearance highest can
Up to more than 80%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of square frame floating bed.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention, if not otherwise specified, is the conventional scheme of this area, the reagent or material,
If not otherwise specified, it is fully open.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of pond ecological high-efficient solid breeding method, comprises the following steps：
A. pond condition：Selection is had abundant water resources, water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free source, traffic convenience, electric power are supporting, with independent
The pond of drainage system.8 mu of pond area, bottom of pond is flat, and the depth of water is 1.5~2.0m.
B, pond please be whole：Winter drains water, removes excessive mud, and mud depth keeps 20~30 ㎝, preferably through sudden and violent
Shine.
C, pond fingerling stocking：
（1）Clean up the pond：Thoroughly cleaned up the pond with quick lime within 7~10 days before fingerling stocking, every mu of ㎏ of consumption 150.
（2）Deliver：March 1 delivered following fingerling：
1. grass carp：Specification is 20 Wei/㎏, 19 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
2. silver carp：Specification is 35 Wei/㎏, 19 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
3. variegated carp：Specification is 30 Wei/㎏, 4.2 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
4. crucian：Specification is 30 Wei/㎏, 25 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
5. bream：Specification is 30 Wei/㎏, 5 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
6. black carp：Specification is 15 Wei/㎏, 6 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
June delivers the foster mandarin fish of set, and specification is body 3-5 ㎝ long, and supply volume is 25 tails/mu.
D, swamp eel are put in a suitable place to breed and manage:
（1）Net cage makes and installs：10d installs net cage before eel kind cartonning, allows the harmful substance of casing to distribute disappearance, and surface is attached
Algae, etting is become soft smooth, abraded after eel kind cartonning can be prevented.Decorating position will consider just enter to fish for it is daily
It is easy to operate, while not disturb device for feeding fish bait, aerator to be advisable；Net cage polyethylene of the mesh less than 5 ㎜ is stitched without tubercle mesh sheet
System is formed（Prevent cultured fishes from entering in cartonning）, specification is 3m × 2m × 1.5m, is driven piles with bamboo, is connected with iron wire between bamboo
Connect, net cage is fixed on iron wire.
Every mu sets 38 net cages, totally 304 net cages, and the net cage spacing in often arranging is 1.5m, and often row is separated by 2m, net cage water
Upper Partial Height 40cm, net cage bottom is away from 30~40cm of bottom of pond；
（2）Water spinach floating bed makes:With the ㎝ PVC water pipes of diameter 4 be welded into an equal amount of square frame floating bed of net cage, by mesh 6
The screen cloth of ㎝ is cut into the mesh sheet consistent with floating bed shape size and is fixed on the framework of floating bed（As shown in Figure 1）, then by framework
It is placed in the net cage the superiors.
（3）Water spinach is transplanted：
Transplant time：May 10 transplanted, before its growth time can be extended to Frost's Descent late October.
Implantation method：In the mesh sheet of the water spinach seedling insertion floating bed frame that will have been cultivated, water spinach root system is kept in water
Below face.Seedling 20 ㎝ long or so.Transplanting Density is generally ㎝ × 25 ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25, and 0.2 ㎏/㎡ are about with seedling amount.Move
Plant how much density can be adjusted according to the pond water quality girth of a garment and feed input.The time in one week of water spinach with regard to president well simultaneously
Covering swamp eel net cage, is the growth of swamp eel, perches the good ecological environment of offer.
（4）Eel kind is put in a suitable place to breed:June 20 put eel kind in a suitable place to breed, and average size is 20g ∕ tails, and breeding density is 2.5 ㎏/case.Eel kind
PVP-I full pond sterilization before inlet, eel kind deliver before with 4% salt water dipping bath 5 minutes, during dipping bath, rejecting is received
The eel kind hinder, having bad physiques, and carry out size fractionation.The specification put in a suitable place to breed in same net cage should be consistent, to avoid because of ingestion ability
Different and difference that cause growth and cut one another's throat.
（5）Swamp eel is anti-escape：Net cage is destroyed because of enemies such as quality or mouse, may cause brokenly case, therefore should adhere to periodically inspection
Look into net cage whether there is breakage.Usually in addition to periodically killing mouse, also case can be judged whether brokenly according to swamp eel food situation.Run into overcast and rainy
It is noted that pond SEA LEVEL VARIATION, prevents outside water rise or water spinach over growth outlet long, there is escape phenomenon.
（6）Swamp eel feeds：Eel kind enters not feeding in 2 days behind pond, at night 10 after 2 days:00 uses earthworm food calling：Earthworm cuts
Broken to be deposited on water spinach, the feeding amount of throwing of first time can be the 1% of eel kind gross weight, throw 3h after raising and check amount, all eat
Light, feeding volume increases to the 2% of eel kind gross weight within second day, is ingested after taming and dociling food through 8 days normal, and silver carp is stepped up in feed
The minced fillet that the flesh of fish is twisted into, can add the minced fillet of feeding volume 1/5 for the first time, while reducing by 1/5 earthworm, keep feeding volume constant,
Progressively it is transitioned into when minced fillet accounts for the 1/2 of feeding volume without earthworm, replaces earthworm using mixed feed, now minced fillet and mixed feed
Weight ratio is 1:1, mixed feed is " China of Australia " yellow eel special feed.Tame and docile after raising successfully, throw raise time advance half an hour daily,
Progressively it is advanced to afternoon 6:00-7:00 throws feeding 1 time.Each net cage sets 2-3 point fixed point and feeds.
（7）Swamp eel disease control：The policy of " relying mainly on prevention, preventing and treating is combined " is adhered to during culture of swamp eel.In swamp eel
In breeding process, per first quarter moon bleaching powder or chlorine dioxide hanging bag 1 time, every net cage hangs 2 bags, and every bag puts medicine 100g；Used per 15d
Quick lime full pool spilling head 1 time, consumption is 30 ㎏/mu；Every 20 days the whole network casees are splashed once with 80mg PVP-Is.It is every before August part
Feed an antibacterial pharmaceutical chemistry within 15 days, mix bait plus vitamin V k3 using 5g Enrofloxacins or 2.5g Florfenicols by 100kg swamp eels, in advance
Bacteriological protection venereal disease does harm to, and is once used in conjunction 3 days, and mixing bait per 15d Chinese medicine zentals feeds expelling parasite once.Antibacterial pharmaceutical chemistry after August part
30 days with once.
（8）The harvesting of floating bed water spinach：Timely collecting is to obtain water spinach high yield, the key of high-quality.When water spinach grows to
Can harvesting during the water surface above 25 more than ㎝ of stem length.During first, second harvesting, basal part of stem will stop 2-3 section, be harvested with profit
Sprouting sprouts afterwards, can continue harvesting to first frost season.The 1/4-1/5 of net cage area is once cut, cutting can influence Monopterus Albus Feeding more.Often
After secondary harvesting, the Ah Xin chlopyrifos produced with Jiangxi field friend's biochemistry Co., Ltd murders worm.Each net cage water spinach yield average 68
㎏.304 net cage common property water spinach 20672kg, are transferred out of 52.86kg nitrogen, 9.41kg phosphorus from pond, equivalent to from every mu of pond
6.61kg nitrogen, 1.18kg phosphorus are transferred out of in the pool.
（9）Swamp eel fishes for sale：
After November, with water temperature drop, swamp eel reaches 200g/ tails or so, can fish for listing.To be planted when fishing for hollow
The framework of dish is removed, and lifts net cage.Average 14 ㎏ of each net cage swamp eel yield.
E, pond fingerling feed：
Pondfish whole process feeds pellet, using device for feeding fish bait every morning 8：30 points, afternoon 4：30 points feed, and day feeding volume is
The 2-3% of food fish body weight, feeding volume is that 70% fish migration of having enough is advisable.Share 6-7 tons of fish meal, 28% protein content.
F, pond water quality regulation and disease prevention and control：
Changing water in time according to variation of water keeps water pure and fresh, a 10-20 ㎝ of intaking weekly, water transfer Wuhan gold Nore
Bio tech ltd's removing toxic substances doctor's two weeks once, before May with metrifonate, wheel be clear, finger ring it is clever it is each once.6~9
Month high temperature season, every 20 days by the m of the depth of water 1 15 kg/ mus of quick lime water full pool spilling head 1 time.Pond is equipped with 2 3000 watts
Impeller automatic aerator, 6-9 month high temperature season fine day noons adhere to starting aerator 2 hours or so, run into overcast and rainy or low pressure day
Gas, midnight need to start aerator until early morning.More conventional four everybody morbidity is significantly reduced with cultivating pool, drug cost is reduced
30%。
G, fish for：
January, dry pond is fished for, 750 grams/fish of grass carp, 228 ㎏/mu；350-400 grams/fish of silver carp, 199.5 ㎏/mu；Variegated carp 500
Gram/fish, 53.5 ㎏/mu；400-500 grams/fish of bream, 55.4 ㎏/mu；950 grams/fish of black carp, 72.7 ㎏/mu；Crucian carp 300-400
Gram/fish, 210 ㎏/mu；800 grams/fish of Mandarin, 16 ㎏/mu；Total 835.1 ㎏/mu or so.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of pond ecological high-efficient solid breeding method, comprises the following steps：
A. pond condition：Selection is had abundant water resources, water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free source, traffic convenience, electric power are supporting, with independent
The pond of drainage system.10 mu of pond area, bottom of pond is flat, and the depth of water is 1.5~2.0m.
B, pond please be whole：Winter drains water, removes excessive mud, and mud depth keeps 20~30 ㎝, preferably through sudden and violent
Shine.
C, pond fingerling stocking：
（1）Clean up the pond：Thoroughly cleaned up the pond with quick lime within 7~10 days before fingerling stocking, every mu of ㎏ of consumption 150.
（2）Deliver：March 1 delivered following fingerling：
1. grass carp：Specification is 15 Wei/㎏, 16 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
2. silver carp：Specification is 30 Wei/㎏, 15 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
3. variegated carp：Specification is 35 Wei/㎏, 5 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
4. crucian：Specification is 40 Wei/㎏, 20 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
5. bream：Specification is 35 Wei/㎏, 10 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
6. black carp：Specification is 20 Wei/㎏, 5 ㎏ of stocking rate/mu.
June delivers the foster mandarin fish of set, and specification is body 3-5 ㎝ long, and supply volume is 25 tails/mu.
D, swamp eel are put in a suitable place to breed and manage
（1）Net cage makes and installs：15d installs net cage before eel kind cartonning, allows the harmful substance of casing to distribute disappearance, and surface is attached
Algae, etting is become soft smooth, abraded after eel kind cartonning can be prevented.Decorating position will consider just enter to fish for it is daily
It is easy to operate, while not disturb device for feeding fish bait, aerator to be advisable；Net cage polyethylene of the mesh less than 5 ㎜ is stitched without tubercle mesh sheet
System is formed（Prevent cultured fishes from entering in cartonning）, specification is 3m × 2m × 1.5m, is driven piles with bamboo, is connected with iron wire between bamboo
Connect, net cage is fixed on iron wire.
Every mu sets 38 net cages, totally 380 net cages, and the net cage spacing in often arranging is 2m, and often row is separated by 3m, and net cage is waterborne
Partial Height 40cm, net cage bottom is away from 30~40cm of bottom of pond；
（2）Water spinach floating bed makes:With diameter 4cmPVC water pipes be welded into an equal amount of square frame floating bed of net cage, by close eye
Screen cloth is cut into the mesh sheet consistent with floating bed shape size and is fixed on the framework of floating bed（As shown in Figure 1）, then framework is placed in
The net cage the superiors.
（3）Water spinach is transplanted：
Transplant time：May 21 transplanted, before its growth time can be extended to Frost's Descent late October.
Implantation method：In the mesh sheet of the water spinach seedling insertion floating bed frame that will have been cultivated, water spinach root system is kept in water
Below face.Seedling 20 ㎝ long or so.Transplanting Density is generally ㎝ × 25 ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25, and 0.2 ㎏/㎡ are about with seedling amount.Move
Plant how much density can be adjusted according to the pond water quality girth of a garment and feed input.The time in one week of water spinach with regard to president well simultaneously
Covering swamp eel net cage, is the growth of swamp eel, perches the good ecological environment of offer.
（4）Eel kind is put in a suitable place to breed:June 15 put eel kind in a suitable place to breed, and average size is 30g ∕ tails, and breeding density is 3 ㎏/case.Eel kind is entered
PVP-I full pond sterilization before case, eel kind deliver before with 3% salt water dipping bath 10min, during dipping bath, reject injury,
The eel kind having bad physiques, and carry out size fractionation.The specification put in a suitable place to breed in same net cage should be consistent, to avoid because ingestion ability is different
And cause the difference of growth and cut one another's throat.
（5）Swamp eel is anti-escape：Net cage is destroyed because of enemies such as quality or mouse, may cause brokenly case, therefore should adhere to periodically inspection
Look into net cage whether there is breakage.Usually in addition to periodically killing mouse, also case can be judged whether brokenly according to swamp eel food situation.Run into overcast and rainy
It is noted that pond SEA LEVEL VARIATION, prevents outside water rise or water spinach over growth outlet long, there is escape phenomenon.
（6）Swamp eel feeds：Eel kind enters not feeding in 2 days behind pond, at night 10 after 2 days:00 uses earthworm food calling：Earthworm is shredded
It is deposited on water spinach, the feeding amount of throwing of first time can be the 1% of eel kind gross weight, 3h inspections amount after throwing feeding, eat everything up,
Feeding volume increases to the 2% of eel kind gross weight within second day.Ingested after taming and dociling food through 8 days normal, be stepped up using Silver Carp in feed
The minced fillet that meat is twisted into, can add the 1/5 of feeding volume for the first time, while reducing by 1/5 earthworm, keep feeding volume constant, progressively mistake
Without earthworm when account for feeding volume 1/2 is crossed to minced fillet, earthworm is replaced using mixed feed, now minced fillet and mixed feed weight ratio
It is 1:1, mixed feed is " China of Australia " yellow eel special feed.Tame and docile after raising successfully, the daily throwing feeding time can shift to an earlier date half an hour, progressively carry
It is preceding to afternoon 6:00-7:00 throws feeding 1 time.Each net cage sets 2-3 point fixed point and feeds.
（7）Swamp eel disease control：The policy of " relying mainly on prevention, preventing and treating is combined " is adhered to during culture of swamp eel.In swamp eel
In breeding process, per first quarter moon bleaching powder or chlorine dioxide hanging bag 1 time, every net cage hangs 2 bags, and every bag puts medicine 100g；Used per 15d
Quick lime full pool spilling head 1 time, consumption is 24 ㎏/mu or so.Every 20 days the whole network casees are splashed once with 80mg PVP-Is.August part
Feed an antibacterial pharmaceutical chemistry within first every 15 days, bait plus vitamin are mixed using 5g Enrofloxacins or 2.5g Florfenicols by 100kg swamp eels
Vk3, prevents bacterial disease, is once used in conjunction 3 days, and mixing bait per 15d Chinese medicine zentals feeds expelling parasite once.On after August part
Antibacterial pharmaceutical chemistry is stated 30 days with once.
（8）The harvesting of floating bed water spinach：Timely collecting is to obtain water spinach high yield, the key of high-quality.When water spinach grows to
Can harvesting during the water surface above 25 more than ㎝ of stem length.During first, second harvesting, basal part of stem will stop 2-3 section, be harvested with profit
Sprouting sprouts afterwards, can continue harvesting to first frost season.Stem length is up to 25 more than ㎝ during 45 d of general field planting or so, you can harvesting is empty
Heart dish cauline leaf is listed, and once cuts the 1/4-1/5 of net cage area, and cutting can influence Monopterus Albus Feeding more.Each net cage water spinach yield 62
㎏.380 net cage common property water spinach 23560kg, are transferred out of 60.24kg nitrogen, 10.72kg phosphorus, equivalent to from every mu from pond
6.02kg nitrogen, 1.07kg phosphorus are transferred out of in pond.
（9）Swamp eel fishes for sale：
After November, with water temperature drop, swamp eel reaches 200g/ tails or so, can fish for listing.To be planted when fishing for hollow
The framework of dish is removed, and lifts net cage.Average 16 ㎏ of each net cage swamp eel yield.
E, pond fingerling feed：
Pondfish whole process feeds pellet, using device for feeding fish bait every morning 8：30 points, afternoon 4：30 points feed, and day feeding volume is
The 2-3% of food fish body weight.The protein content of fish meal 28%.
F, pond water quality regulation and disease prevention and control：
Changing water in time according to variation of water keeps water pure and fresh, 20 ㎝ of intaking weekly, and water transfer is given birth to Wuhan gold Nore
Thing Science and Technology Ltd. removing toxic substances doctor's two weeks, once PVP-I was sterilized, with metrifonate, wheel be clear, finger ring clever each before May
It is secondary.In June to September high temperature season, every 20 days by the m of the depth of water 1 15 kg/ mus of quick lime water full pool spilling head 1 time.Pond is equipped with
2 3000 watts of impeller automatic aerators, 6-9 month high temperature season fine day noons adhere to starting aerator 2 hours or so, run into it is overcast and rainy or
Low pressure weather, midnight need to start aerator until early morning.More conventional four everybody morbidity is significantly reduced with cultivating pool, medication into
This reduction 35%.
G, fish for：
January, dry pond is fished for, 800 grams/fish of grass carp, 163.2 ㎏/mu；400 grams/fish of silver carp, 147.6 ㎏/mu；450 grams of variegated carp/
Tail, 65.4 ㎏/mu；400 grams/fish of bream, 112 ㎏/mu；800 grams/fish of black carp, 69.6 ㎏/mu；350 grams/fish of crucian carp, 210 ㎏/
Mu；750 grams/fish of Mandarin, 14 ㎏/mu；Total 781.8 ㎏/mu or so.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of pond efficient ecological three dimensional-planting-breeding method, comprises the following steps：
A, pond condition：Selection is had abundant water resources, water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free source, the pond with independent drainage system, pond
Pool area is 8-10 mus, and bottom of pond is flat, and the depth of water is 1.5~2.0m；
B, the preparation of ponds：Winter drains water, removes excessive mud, and mud depth keeps 20~30 ㎝；
C, fingerling stocking：（1）Clean up the pond：Thoroughly cleaned up the pond with quick lime within 7~10 days before fingerling stocking；
（2）Deliver：1-3 months deliver following fingerling：
1. grass carp：Specification is 15-20 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 10-20 ㎏/mus；
2. silver carp：Specification is 30-40 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 10-20 ㎏/mus；
3. variegated carp：Specification is 30-40 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 4-10 ㎏/mus；
4. crucian：Specification is 30-40 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 20-25 ㎏/mus；
5. bream：Specification is 30-40 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 5-10 ㎏/mus；
6. black carp：Specification is 15-20 Wei/㎏, stocking rate 5-6 ㎏/mus；
June delivers the foster mandarin fish of set：Specification is body 3-5 ㎝ long, and supply volume is 25 tails/mu；
D, swamp eel are put in a suitable place to breed and manage：
（1）Net cage makes and installs：10~15d installs net cage before eel kind cartonning, and it is 3m × 2m that every mu sets 30-40 specification
The net cage of × 1.5m, net cage spacing is 1.5~2m, and often row is separated by 2~3m, net cage above water height 40cm, and net cage bottom is far from pond
30~40cm of bottom, the mesh of mesh sheet is less than 5 ㎜；
（2）Water spinach floating bed makes:With the ㎝ PVC water pipes of diameter 4 be welded into an equal amount of square frame floating bed of net cage, by close eye
Screen cloth is cut into the mesh sheet consistent with floating bed shape size and is fixed on the framework of floating bed, then framework is placed in into the net cage the superiors；
（3）Water spinach is transplanted：In mid or late May, in the mesh sheet of the water spinach seedling insertion floating bed frame that will have been cultivated, keep empty
Below the water surface, seedling 18-22 ㎝ long, Transplanting Density is ㎝ × 25 ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25 to heart dish root system, is 0.15-0.25 with seedling amount
㎏/㎡；
（4）Eel kind is put in a suitable place to breed:It is the eel kind of 15-30g ∕ tails in mid or late June stocking size, breeding density is 2.5-3 ㎏/case, eel
The full pond sterilization of PVP-I before kind of inlet, eel kind deliver before with 3%~4% salt water dipping bath 5-10min, in dipping bath process
In, eel kind that is injured, having bad physiques is rejected, and carry out size fractionation；The specification put in a suitable place to breed in same net cage is consistent, to avoid because taking the photograph
Food ability is different and cause the difference of growth and cut one another's throat；
（5）Swamp eel is anti-escape：Periodically kill mouse and check net cage whether there is breakage, note pond SEA LEVEL VARIATION, prevent water from going up or empty
The raw swamp eel of heart dish over growth outlet outgoing long escapes；
（6）Swamp eel feeds：Eel kind enters not feeding in 2 days behind pond, at night 9 after 2 days:30-10:30 are deposited in earthworm chopping
On water spinach, food calling is carried out, the feeding amount of throwing of first time can be the 1% of eel kind gross weight, to throw and check amount after raising 3h, wait whole
Eat up, secondary day feeding volume increases to the 2% of eel kind gross weight, ingested after taming and dociling food through 7 to 10 days normal, be stepped up in feed
The minced fillet being twisted into is oppressed with silver carp, 1/5 minced fillet of feeding volume is added for the first time, while reducing by 1/5 earthworm, keep feeding volume not
Become, be progressively transitioned into when minced fillet accounts for the 1/2 of feeding volume without earthworm, earthworm is replaced using mixed feed, now minced fillet with coordinate
Feed relative ratio is 1:1, to tame and docile after raising successfully, the daily throwing feeding time can shift to an earlier date half an hour, progressively be advanced to afternoon 6:00-7:00 throws
Raise 1 time, each net cage sets 2-3 point fixed point and feeds；
（7）Swamp eel disease control:During culture of swamp eel, per first quarter moon bleaching powder or chlorine dioxide hanging bag 1 time, every net cage
2 bags are hung, every bag puts medicine 100g；Per 15d with quick lime full pool spilling head 1 time, consumption is 20-30 ㎏/mu；Used per 20d the whole networks case
80mg PVP-Is are splashed once；A pharmaceutical chemistry is fed before August part per 15d, 5g Enrofloxacins or 2.5g fluorine are used by 100kg swamp eels
Benzene Buddhist nun examines and mixes bait plus vitamin V k3, prevents bacterial disease, is once used in conjunction 3 days；Per 15d Chinese medicine zental expelling parasites one
It is secondary；Pharmaceutical chemistry 30d is with once after August part；
（8）The harvesting of floating bed water spinach：Water spinach cauline leaf is harvested by when water spinach grows to the water surface above 25 more than ㎝ of stem length,
The 1/4-1/5 of net cage area is once cut, during first, second harvesting, basal part of stem will stop 2-3 section, with sprouting after profit harvesting
Sprout, lasting harvesting to first frost season；
（9）Swamp eel is fished for：
After November, the floating bed frame for planting water spinach is removed, lift fishing ricefield eels by net cage；
E, pond fingerling feed：
Pondfish whole process feeds pellet, is respectively fed once using device for feeding fish bait every morning, afternoon, and day feeding volume is food fish
The 2-3% of body weight；
F, pond water quality regulation and fish disease prevention and control：
Changing water in time according to variation of water keeps water pure and fresh, and a 10-20 ㎝ of intaking weekly, water transfer uses what is purified water
Photosynthetic bacteria or bacillus two weeks once, before May with insecticide once；In June to September high temperature season, the depth of water 1 is pressed within every 20 days
M 15 kg/ mus of quick lime water full pool spilling head 1 time, 6-9 month high temperature season fine day noons start aerator 2 hours or so,
Overcast and rainy or low pressure weather is run into, midnight starts aerator until early morning；
G, fish for：
Fish for grass carp, silver carp, variegated carp, bream, black carp, crucian He Mandarin fishes in the end of the year, dry pond.
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| CN107897504A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-13 | 兰溪市酉泽饲料技术服务有限公司 | Swamp eel tames and dociles the purposes of food phase special feed |
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| CN109006590A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-18 | 长江大学 | A kind of swamp eel propagating system and propagation method |
| CN109287467A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-01 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院（山东省淡水渔业监测中心） | Spacious pool mandarin fish Aquaculture ecosystem and the method for the improvement of corresponding water quality, mandarin fish ecologic breeding |
| CN109287467B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2024-02-09 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院（山东省淡水渔业监测中心） | Ecological system for mandarin fish culture in open water area and corresponding water quality treatment and ecological mandarin fish culture method |
| CN110604077A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2019-12-24 | 塔里木大学 | Pond domestication technology of special wild Triplophysa metrygii |
| CN113197129A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-03 | 天门粤海饲料有限公司 | Method for breeding finless eels in grass carp pond by using water spinach floating bed |
| CN114128655A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-04 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method for cultivating eriocheir sinensis juvenile crabs by using yellow croaker |
| CN114128655B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-09-12 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method for cultivating eriocheir sinensis button crabs by using yellow croaker |
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