CN103314902A - Efficient breeding method for river crabs in pollution-free pond - Google Patents
Efficient breeding method for river crabs in pollution-free pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN103314902A CN103314902A CN201310237295XA CN201310237295A CN103314902A CN 103314902 A CN103314902 A CN 103314902A CN 201310237295X A CN201310237295X A CN 201310237295XA CN 201310237295 A CN201310237295 A CN 201310237295A CN 103314902 A CN103314902 A CN 103314902A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
Disclosed is an efficient breeding method for river crabs in a pollution-free pond. The pond is rectangular and in an east-west direction, the length-width ratio of the pond is 2:1, the water plant planting area of the pond is 60% and positioned in the middle of the pond, an annular ditch with the width of 70-80cm is dug in the periphery of the pond to serve as a holding pond for the river crabs, the crab breeding density of the pond needs to be controlled within 600-700 crabs/mu, transparency of pond water is higher than 30cm when the river crabs shell for the first time and the second time, transparency of the pond water is higher than 50cm when the river crabs shell for the third time and the fourth time, transparency of the pond water is higher than 80cm when the river crabs shell for the fifth time, and calcined lime water is periodically splashed into the crab pond once a month.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for aquaculture, the efficient cultural method in the nuisanceless pond of especially a kind of river crab.
Background technology
Along with the generally raising of China's rapid economy development and living standards of the people, people no longer are satisfied with on the dining table conventional popular aquatic products such as carp grass silver carp flathead, and turn to high-quality aquatic products such as river crab gradually.On culture of Chinese mitten crab is produced, also realized by the transformation of quantity velocity profile to quality and efficiency, changed to " bringing crab up " by " support greatly crab ", paid attention to the breed of ecology, safety, environmental protection, health, nuisanceless aquatic products especially more, also more and more higher to the quality requirement of aquatic products.For now, the in the past the sort of high density of simple pursuit is thrown in, the small dimension commodity crab of high yield, has no longer included competitive advantage, the incompatibility market demand, and it is difficult to sell, and market price is low, and culture benefit is poor.Demand is on the present market, the high-quality crab of high-quality, big specification, and be the trend of development, its not only product fast sale, and price height, culture benefit is good.Support crab, brought crab up, supported the high-quality crab, supported healthy crab, supported nuisanceless crab, will carry out healthy breeding way.So-called healthy aquaculture, refer to the biological property according to river crab, use ecological principle to instruct river crab to produce, be river crab and build one and good be conducive to the ecotope that river crab grows, make river crab during growing, reduce the generation of disease, the commodity crab of forming to greatest extent.Pollution-free, individual big, yellow full cream fertilizer has good quality.Carry out innoxious management, guarantee culture of Chinese mitten crab from the pond to the dining table omnidistance quality safety and allow people be able to eat relieved high-quality crab.Only in this way, product could be in great demand without hindrance, and enterprise just can develop, the economic benefit that cultivating river crab just can be obtained and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
1. one of purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the efficient cultural method in the nuisanceless pond of a kind of river crab may further comprise the steps:
Build in the pond: the pond is shaped as rectangle, East and West direction, aspect ratio 2:1, the pasture and water cultivated area is 60%, be positioned in the middle of the pond, excavate the wide ring ditch of 70～80 ㎝ as the storage pond, holding pond of river crab around the pond, the pond is totally smooth, the high 2m in the ridge, pond, 1:3 is compared on the slope, face width 1.5～2m, culture the depth of water 1～1.5m, culvert system goes out for entering the west in the east, and the pond requires the sandy end, about mud 15cm, more than the depth of water 1.5m, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water quality is good, no sewage flows into, the crab Chi Gan pool is polygon after tanning by the sun at the bottom of the pond, be not absorbed in going away to good, clean up the pond consumption 15 kg/667 m with bleaching powder
2, to water full pond float, the high calcium-plastic board of 6 cm to be installed around the crab pond to be escaped facility as anti-, lowest part at the bottom of the pond is supported the district temporarily with the area conduct of the high screen cloth enclosure about 15% of 1.2 m, and screen cloth is made with calcium-plastic board and PEF net sheet; In water inlet, transplant waterweed and hydrilla verticillata, Quan Chi and cut stem segmentation transplanting, line space 4～5m applies biological organic fertilizer 20 ㎏/667m
2, other adds composite fertilizer 2 ㎏/667m
2, sowing eel grass, every 667m
2Eel grass son 150～200g, and keep the pasture and water coverage rate to account for pond area about 60%, water inlet the tenth day, after the toxicity of trying the water is eliminated, every 667m
2Throw in spiral shell 150 ㎏ and enter the cisterna ambiens ditch, divide 3 inputs, amount to every 667m2 and throw in spiral shell 400 ㎏;
Seed is put in a suitable place to breed: kind is pure, neat specification, and the physique stalwartness, appendage is complete, and flexibly movable, kind is pure, neat specification, the physique stalwartness, appendage is complete, and flexibly movable, escape immediately scatters after hand is grabbed and unclamped; The pond is supported the breeding density of crab and should be controlled 700/mu of 600-
Aquaculture management: water quality: 1st, make water transparence more than 30 cm during 2 shells, 3rd, 4 shells make water transparence more than 50 cm, the transparency of Chi Shui is more than 80 cm during the 5th shell, the lime water of will regularly splashing to the crab pond, every month once, working concentration is 15 * 10-6, mainly is the content that improves the ph value and increase calcium ion in the water body; Throwing is executed calcium dihydrogen phosphate every month once, each 2kg/ mu, intersect use with quicklime, in the crab pond, can overlap and support an amount of flower silver carp spring sheet fingerling, put the 500-100 tail in a suitable place to breed for every mu, to annotate in good time and renew water, general every 7-changed notes once in 10 days, changed the water filling position at every turn and set up micropore oxygenation facility in the micropore oxygenation of the 20cm left and right sides, guaranteed the dissolved oxygen amount that Chi Shuiyou is enough, avoid a large amount of accumulations because of harmful substances such as anoxic and hydrogen sulphide, nitrite in the crab pond, and harm river crab healthy growth.Opening time: 5, June is at muggy weather and unbroken rainy weather, and open evening, and July, fine 14:00 opened later on, overcast and rainyly opens at midnight.
Bait feeding: loose and throw live spiral shell 100-200kg/ mu or the animal bait of manually throwing something and feeding, comprise low-value small fish, shrimp, livestock and poultry offal, pig blood, ox blood, or vegetal bait, comprise full price river crab particulate material, beans, the wheat class, corn, Chinese sorghum, and green fodder, as melon, greengrocery, pasture and water, the life habit that season and river crab were hidden by day and come out at night when bait throwing in time should be according to fishing is carried out bait throwing in, throw something and feed every day twice, early respectively throw something and feed once for 8 and late 5, should be based on the dusk bait throwing in, the bait throwing on daytime is auxilliary, its, daily ration, feeding quantity should account for 70% of whole day daily ration, feeding quantity in night, account for 30% daytime, daily ration, feeding quantity is had enough with river crab and surplus residual bait degree of being, total bait throwing in principle be " two essence; middle blue or green; smart blue or green combination, meat and vegetables collocation " be the bait throwing in season in spring and autumn based on fine fodder, summer, bait throwing in was based on green fodder;
Damage by disease and insect prevention and control: balantidiasis: preventing and treating method one is to increase the number of times that changes water, make water quality keep pure and fresh always, quantity of exchanged water is 1/3 of Chi Shui, two to be to use concentration be that the quicklime of 20 ~ 30 mg/kg is splashed to whole pond, splash continuously 3 times, get final product when above when the transparency of Chi Shui reaches 40 cm, three are to use 30% formaldehyde to splash in whole pond, making last concentration of formaldehyde is 5 ~ 10 mg/kg, and four to be to use concentration be that the zinc sulphate of 0.3 mg/kg is splashed in whole pond; The bunching parasitosis: the one, fishing for, transportation and put in the process careful operation in a suitable place to breed and do not make the crab body injured, the 2nd, place 2 mg/kg furazolidone solution to soak after several minutes river crab before putting in a suitable place to breed and throw in, the 3rd, reach 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/kg with terramycin or furazolidone full pool spilling head, the 4th, reach 15 ~ 20 mg/kg with the quicklime full pool spilling head, every day 1 time, continuous 2 ~ 3 d, the 5th, reach 0.1 ~ 0.2 mg/kg with the furazolidone full pool spilling head, oedema: the one, in breeding process, especially during shell, reduce the agitation to river crab as far as possible, in order to avoid injured, the 2nd, reach 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/kg with terramycin or furans west quinoline full pool spilling head, the 3rd, reach 0.1 ~ 0.2 mg/kg with the furazolidone full pool spilling head, the 4th, mix bait by per 1 kg crab with 0.1 ~ 0.2 g terramycin or erythromycin and throw something and feed, per 7 d are 1 course for the treatment of.
Embodiment
Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment only for the present invention is described, rather than in order to limit protection scope of the present invention.
1. build in the pond
The pond is shaped as rectangle, East and West direction, aspect ratio 2:1, the pasture and water cultivated area is 60%, be positioned in the middle of the pond, excavate the wide ring ditch of 70～80 ㎝ as the storage pond, holding pond of river crab around the pond, the pond is totally smooth, the high 2m in the ridge, pond, 1:3 is compared on the slope, face width 1.5～2m, culture the depth of water 1～1.5m, culvert system goes out for entering the west in the east, and the pond requires the sandy end, about mud 15cm, more than the depth of water 1.5m, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water quality is good, no sewage flows into, the crab Chi Gan pool is polygon after tanning by the sun at the bottom of the pond, be not absorbed in going away to good, clean up the pond consumption 15 kg/667 m with bleaching powder
2, to water full pond float, the high calcium-plastic board of 6 cm to be installed around the crab pond to be escaped facility as anti-, lowest part at the bottom of the pond is supported the district temporarily with the area conduct of the high screen cloth enclosure about 15% of 1.2 m, and screen cloth is made with calcium-plastic board and PEF net sheet; In water inlet, transplant waterweed and hydrilla verticillata, Quan Chi and cut stem segmentation transplanting, line space 4～5m applies biological organic fertilizer 20 ㎏/667m
2, other adds composite fertilizer 2 ㎏/667m
2, sowing eel grass, every 667m
2Eel grass son 150～200g, and keep the pasture and water coverage rate to account for pond area about 60%, water inlet the tenth day, after the toxicity of trying the water is eliminated, every 667m
2Throw in spiral shell 150 ㎏ and enter the cisterna ambiens ditch, divide 3 inputs, amount to every 667m2 and throw in spiral shell 400 ㎏;
2. seed is put in a suitable place to breed
Kind is pure, neat specification, and the physique stalwartness, appendage is complete, and flexibly movable, kind is pure, neat specification, the physique stalwartness, appendage is complete, and flexibly movable, escape immediately scatters after hand is grabbed and unclamped; The pond is supported the breeding density of crab and should be controlled 700/mu of 600-.
3. aquaculture management
Water quality: 1st, make water transparence more than 30 cm during 2 shells, 3rd, 4 shells make water transparence more than 50 cm, the transparency of Chi Shui is more than 80 cm during the 5th shell, the lime water of will regularly splashing to the crab pond, every month once, working concentration is 15 * 10-6, mainly is the content that improves the ph value and increase calcium ion in the water body; Throwing is executed calcium dihydrogen phosphate every month once, each 2kg/ mu, intersect use with quicklime, in the crab pond, can overlap and support an amount of flower silver carp spring sheet fingerling, put the 500-100 tail in a suitable place to breed for every mu, to annotate in good time and renew water, general every 7-changed notes once in 10 days, changed the water filling position at every turn and set up micropore oxygenation facility in the micropore oxygenation of the 20cm left and right sides, guaranteed the dissolved oxygen amount that Chi Shuiyou is enough, avoid a large amount of accumulations because of harmful substances such as anoxic and hydrogen sulphide, nitrite in the crab pond, and harm river crab healthy growth.Opening time: 5, June is at muggy weather and unbroken rainy weather, and open evening, and July, fine 14:00 opened later on, overcast and rainyly opens at midnight.
4. bait feeding
Loose and throw live spiral shell 100-200kg/ mu or the animal bait of manually throwing something and feeding, comprise low-value small fish, shrimp, livestock and poultry offal, pig blood, ox blood, or vegetal bait, comprise full price river crab particulate material, beans, the wheat class, corn, Chinese sorghum, and green fodder, as melon, greengrocery, pasture and water, the life habit that season and river crab were hidden by day and come out at night when bait throwing in time should be according to fishing is carried out bait throwing in, throw something and feed every day twice, early respectively throw something and feed once for 8 and late 5, should be based on the dusk bait throwing in, the bait throwing on daytime is auxilliary, its, daily ration, feeding quantity should account for 70% of whole day daily ration, feeding quantity in night, account for 30% daytime, daily ration, feeding quantity is had enough with river crab and surplus residual bait degree of being, total bait throwing in principle be " two essence; middle blue or green; smart blue or green combination, meat and vegetables collocation " be the bait throwing in season in spring and autumn based on fine fodder, summer, bait throwing in was based on green fodder;
5. damage by disease and insect prevention and control
Disease control will be also noted that adjusting water quality simultaneously to put prevention first, integrated control such as rationally throw something and feed, control young disease.In the crab seedling rearing later stage, because water temperature raises, chironomus larvas, kyllinga brevifolia and some small fish etc. may be arranged.Their all can eat river crab young or fight for living space and bait with it, these can only strictly filter, strengthen sterilizing preventing by intaking.In addition, main prevention bunching worm and amount silk bacterium adhere in a large number between the megathermal period, want strict control this moment.Guarantee water quality and instrument cleaning, diligent sampling, many microscopies are early found early treatment.
Balantidiasis: preventing and treating method one is to increase the number of times that changes water, make water quality keep pure and fresh always, quantity of exchanged water is 1/3 of Chi Shui, two to be to use concentration be that the quicklime of 20 ~ 30 mg/kg is splashed to whole pond, splash continuously 3 times, get final product when above when the transparency of Chi Shui reaches 40 cm, three are to use 30% formaldehyde to splash in whole pond, making last concentration of formaldehyde is 5 ~ 10 mg/kg, and four to be to use concentration be that the zinc sulphate of 0.3 mg/kg is splashed in whole pond; The bunching parasitosis: the one, fishing for, transportation and put in the process careful operation in a suitable place to breed and do not make the crab body injured, the 2nd, place 2 mg/kg furazolidone solution to soak after several minutes river crab before putting in a suitable place to breed and throw in, the 3rd, reach 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/kg with terramycin or furazolidone full pool spilling head, the 4th, reach 15 ~ 20 mg/kg with the quicklime full pool spilling head, every day 1 time, continuous 2 ~ 3 d, the 5th, reach 0.1 ~ 0.2 mg/kg with the furazolidone full pool spilling head, oedema: the one, in breeding process, especially during shell, reduce the agitation to river crab as far as possible, in order to avoid injured, the 2nd, reach 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/kg with terramycin or furans west quinoline full pool spilling head, the 3rd, reach 0.1 ~ 0.2 mg/kg with the furazolidone full pool spilling head, the 4th, mix bait by per 1 kg crab with 0.1 ~ 0.2 g terramycin or erythromycin and throw something and feed, per 7 d are 1 course for the treatment of.
Claims (3)
1. efficient cultural method in the nuisanceless pond of river crab may further comprise the steps:
Build in the pond: the pond is shaped as rectangle, East and West direction, aspect ratio 2:1, the pasture and water cultivated area is 60%, be positioned in the middle of the pond, excavate the wide ring ditch of 70～80 ㎝ as the storage pond, holding pond of river crab around the pond, the pond is totally smooth, the high 2m in the ridge, pond, 1:3 is compared on the slope, face width 1.5～2m, culture the depth of water 1～1.5m, culvert system goes out for entering the west in the east, and the pond requires the sandy end, about mud 15cm, more than the depth of water 1.5m, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water quality is good, no sewage flows into, the crab Chi Gan pool is polygon after tanning by the sun at the bottom of the pond, be not absorbed in going away to good, clean up the pond consumption 15 kg/667 m with bleaching powder
2, to water full pond float, the high calcium-plastic board of 6 cm to be installed around the crab pond to be escaped facility as anti-, lowest part at the bottom of the pond is supported the district temporarily with the area conduct of the high screen cloth enclosure about 15% of 1.2 m, and screen cloth is made with calcium-plastic board and PEF net sheet; In water inlet, transplant waterweed and hydrilla verticillata, Quan Chi and cut stem segmentation transplanting, line space 4～5m applies biological organic fertilizer 20 ㎏/667m
2, other adds composite fertilizer 2 ㎏/667m
2, sowing eel grass, every 667m
2Eel grass son 150～200g, and keep the pasture and water coverage rate to account for pond area about 60%, water inlet the tenth day, after the toxicity of trying the water is eliminated, every 667m
2Throw in spiral shell 150 ㎏ and enter the cisterna ambiens ditch, divide 3 inputs, amount to every 667m2 and throw in spiral shell 400 ㎏;
Seed is put in a suitable place to breed: kind is pure, neat specification, and the physique stalwartness, appendage is complete, and flexibly movable, kind is pure, neat specification, the physique stalwartness, appendage is complete, and flexibly movable, escape immediately scatters after hand is grabbed and unclamped; The pond is supported the breeding density of crab and should be controlled 700/mu of 600-
Aquaculture management: water quality: 1st, make water transparence more than 30 cm during 2 shells, 3rd, 4 shells make water transparence more than 50 cm, the transparency of Chi Shui is more than 80 cm during the 5th shell, the lime water of will regularly splashing to the crab pond, every month once, mainly is the content that improves the ph value and increase calcium ion in the water body; Throwing is executed calcium dihydrogen phosphate every month once, each 2kg/ mu, intersect use with quicklime, in the crab pond, can overlap and support an amount of flower silver carp spring sheet fingerling, put the 500-100 tail in a suitable place to breed for every mu, to annotate in good time and renew water, general every 7-changed notes once in 10 days, changed the water filling position at every turn and set up micropore oxygenation facility in the micropore oxygenation of the 20cm left and right sides, guaranteed the dissolved oxygen amount that Chi Shuiyou is enough, avoid a large amount of accumulations because of harmful substances such as anoxic and hydrogen sulphide, nitrite in the crab pond, and harm river crab healthy growth.
2. opening time: 5, June, opened evening at muggy weather and unbroken rainy weather, and July, fine 14:00 opened later on, overcast and rainyly opens at midnight.
3. bait feeding: loose and throw live spiral shell 100-200kg/ mu or the animal bait of manually throwing something and feeding, comprise low-value small fish, shrimp, livestock and poultry offal, pig blood, ox blood, or vegetal bait, comprise full price river crab particulate material, beans, the wheat class, corn, Chinese sorghum, and green fodder, as melon, greengrocery, pasture and water, the life habit that season and river crab were hidden by day and come out at night when bait throwing in time should be according to fishing is carried out bait throwing in, throw something and feed every day twice, early respectively throw something and feed once for 8 and late 5, should be based on the dusk bait throwing in, the bait throwing on daytime is auxilliary, its, daily ration, feeding quantity should account for 70% of whole day daily ration, feeding quantity in night, account for 30% daytime, daily ration, feeding quantity is had enough with river crab and surplus residual bait degree of being, total bait throwing in principle be " two essence; middle blue or green; smart blue or green combination, meat and vegetables collocation " be the bait throwing in season in spring and autumn based on fine fodder, summer, bait throwing in was based on green fodder;
Damage by disease and insect prevention and control: balantidiasis: preventing and treating method one is to increase the number of times that changes water, makes water quality keep pure and fresh always, and quantity of exchanged water is
1/3 of Chi Shui, two to be to use concentration be that the quicklime of 20 ~ 30 mg/kg is splashed to whole pond, splash continuously 3 times, when reaching 40 cm, the transparency of Chi Shui gets final product when above, three are to use 30% formaldehyde to splash in whole pond, making last concentration of formaldehyde is 5 ~ 10 mg/kg, and four to be to use concentration be that the zinc sulphate of 0.3 mg/kg is splashed in whole pond; The bunching parasitosis: the one, fishing for, transportation and put in the process careful operation in a suitable place to breed and do not make the crab body injured, the 2nd, place 2 mg/kg furazolidone solution to soak after several minutes river crab before putting in a suitable place to breed and throw in, the 3rd, reach 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/kg with terramycin or furazolidone full pool spilling head, the 4th, reach 15 ~ 20 mg/kg with the quicklime full pool spilling head, every day 1 time, continuous 2 ~ 3 d, the 5th, reach 0.1 ~ 0.2 mg/kg with the furazolidone full pool spilling head, oedema: the one, in breeding process, especially during shell, reduce the agitation to river crab as far as possible, so as not to injured, the 2nd, reach 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/kg with terramycin or furans west quinoline full pool spilling head, the 3rd, reach 0.1 ~ 0.2 mg/kg with the furazolidone full pool spilling head, the 4th, mix bait by per 1 kg crab with 0.1 ~ 0.2 g terramycin or erythromycin and throw something and feed, per 7 d are 1 course for the treatment of
The efficient cultural method in the nuisanceless pond of river crab as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the kind of pasture and water is wanted variation, herbaceous stem is wanted goodization, not only emergent aquactic plant and floatingleaved plant to be arranged, also submerged plant should be arranged, as reed, barnyard grass grass, the stem or leaf of cattail, common calla, duckweed, water peanut, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, waterweed.
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| CN106993573A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-08-01 | 湖南新丰唯生态农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of river crab high yield intensive culture method |
| CN107079842A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-08-22 | 陆川县恒伟养殖专业合作社 | A kind of high-yield cultivation method of grass carp |
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