CN104430091A - Ecological breeding method of Eriocheir sinensis - Google Patents
Ecological breeding method of Eriocheir sinensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN104430091A CN104430091A CN201410715348.9A CN201410715348A CN104430091A CN 104430091 A CN104430091 A CN 104430091A CN 201410715348 A CN201410715348 A CN 201410715348A CN 104430091 A CN104430091 A CN 104430091A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological breeding method of Eriocheir sinensis. The method comprises the steps that a pond is prepared firstly, an annular groove, an anti-permeable membrane and an inlet and outlet water pipe with a filtering mesh are arranged, water is poured after exposure, water plants are planted and loaches and diatom are placed in the pond after disinfection,, a biological agent and chicken manure are scattered and fertilized after water adding, the temperature, the dissolved oxygen and the PH value of the water are adjusted, the breeding pond is obtained, young Eriocheir sinensis is thrown into the breeding pond after being sterilized, feeding is carried out according to different growth periods of the Eriocheir sinensis, plant ash, the biological agent and inorganic salt type nutrient substances are scattered and fertilized regularly, and periodic water cleaning and disinfecting are carried out. According to the ecological breeding method, the environment and nutrient substances needed in the growth period of the Eriocheir sinensis can be provided, fast growth of the Eriocheir sinensis can be promoted, the specification and yield of the Eriocheir sinensis can be improved, and the method is ecological, environmentally friendly and economical.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, particularly the ecological cultivation method of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia.
Background technology:
The river crab that Eriocheir sinensia is namely commonly called as, eriocheir sinensis, clear water crab and steamed crab, it belongs to Omnivore, likes eating fish, shrimp, spiral shell, freshwater mussel, worm, earthworm, insect and larva thereof.The tasty mouthfeel of Eriocheir sinensia, firmly gets people and likes, and containing more vitamin A in crab, suitably uses also useful to the health of people.
Crab grows in fresh water, breed in seawater, and like living in caves in the river bend that bait enriches and lake, need selection to have abundant water resources so propagate crab artificially, draining is convenient with water inlet, the place that water quality is good, increase pasture and water and benthic quantity in waters, improve the output of crab, and employing plastic film or cement plate surround around waters, prevent the loss of crab.
At present along with people's liking and suitable management tactics crab, the aquatic products industry fast development of crab, the cultivation gimmick of crab is also comparatively numerous and diverse, therefore causes problems, as crab kind is failed to understand, introduces external disease; Environmental deterioration, can not meet the material needed for crab normal growth; The medicines such as random use antibiotic, hormone, use industry feed, destroy the body processes function of crab, reduce the yield and quality of crab.These unscientific cultivation gimmicks, the heavy damage ecotope of crab, cause the quality of crab and its economic benefit produced to suffer damage, be unfavorable for the cycle development of crab aquatic products industry, therefore need the cultural technique of a kind of crab of non-harmful science sustainable development.
Summary of the invention:
The object of this invention is to provide the ecological cultivation method of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia, the method can ensure the environment of crab needed for growth period and nutriment, promotes the quick growth of crab, be conducive to the specification and the output that improve crab, increase economic efficiency, and do not affect environment, green ecological environmental protection.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
An ecological cultivation method for Eriocheir sinensia, comprises the following steps:
(1) select to have abundant water resources, water nonpollution, smooth, watertight pond at the bottom of pond, pond is rectangle, aspect ratio is 3:4, dark 1.1-1.4m, and ring-shaped groove is arranged at bottom, ditch groove depth 0.3-0.4m, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and 4-6 intake-outlet is set, and 60-80 object filter net sheet on overlapping on intake-outlet, be exposed to the sun 5 days, obtain stand-by pond;
(2) in the stand-by pond that step (1) obtains, water is added, the adjustment depth of water is 0.15-0.3m, pasture and water are planted by after the water sterilization in pond, and put into loach and diatom, add water again to depth of water 0.7-0.8m, spread fertilizer over the fields the chicken manure of biologic product and fermentation, transparency is 45-55cm, regulate the water temperature in pond, dissolved oxygen amount and pH value, obtain cultivating pond;
(3) body weight is selected to be 5-10g/ young crab only, after removing the germ on young crab surface, throw in the cultivation pond that step (2) obtains, first week: every day throws something and feeds 3-4 time, to throw something and feed the pellet of yolk, day feeds the 100%-120% that amount is crab storage, second week was to the 7th week: every day throws something and feeds 2-3 time, to throw something and feed soya-bean cake, small fish and shrimp and earthworm, day feeds the 5%-8% that amount is crab storage, throw something and feed 1-3 time every day afterwards, to throw something and feed small fish and shrimp, wheat, corn and pumpkin, day feeds the 2%-5% that amount is crab storage, throwing something and feeding period, every 5-15 days spreads fertilizer over the fields ash, biologic product and inorganic salts nutriment, and every 10-20 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
Preferred as technique scheme, the area of the ring-shaped groove described in step (1) accounts for the 60-80% of pond area.
Preferred as technique scheme, the pasture and water described in step (2) are eel grass, water peanut, waterweed or hydrilla verticillata, and the area coverage of pasture and water accounts for the 40-60% of pond area.
Preferred as technique scheme, step (2) or the biologic product described in step (3) are EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria or bacillus.
Preferred as technique scheme, the amount of discharging of the loach described in step (2) is 18-25 tail/mu, and the amount of discharging of diatom is 10-30kg/ mu, and the amount of discharging of the chicken manure of biologic product and fermentation is 30-50kg/ mu.
Preferred as technique scheme, the water temperature in the pond described in step (2) is 5-25 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen amount is 6-8mg/L, and pH value is 7-8.
Preferred as technique scheme, the injected volume of the young crab described in step (3) be 300-500 only/mu.
Preferred as technique scheme, the inorganic salts nutriment described in step (3) is calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the chicken manure of fermentation coordinates biologic product to use by this method in the breeding process of crab, chicken manure after fermentation remains its original protein and abundant trace element, the germ that removal may exist, and chicken manure and biologic product with the use of algae phase can be changed, decompose organic and releasing nutrients element, the fertility of the long-term regulating water quality of energy and vigor, and the use of chicken manure can reduce costs, and increases economic efficiency.
This cultural method strictly controls time of discharging and number of times, the quality of periodic adjustment water and the environment of water of nutriment, make it extremely to meet the environment needed for the growth period of crab and nutriment, be very beneficial for the growth promoting crab, ensure the survival rate of crab, improve the yield and quality of crab, and the medicine such as antibiotic, hormone is used hardly in the process of cultivation, ensure that cultural method ecological, environmental protective, green economy.
Embodiment:
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and this embodiment only for explaining the present invention, does not form limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Selection is had abundant water resources, water nonpollution, smooth, watertight pond at the bottom of pond, pond is rectangle, and aspect ratio is 3:4, dark 1.1m, ring-shaped groove is arranged at bottom, ditch groove depth 0.3m, the area of ring-shaped groove accounts for 60% of pond area, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and 4 intake-outlets are set, and 60 object filter net sheets on overlapping on intake-outlet, be exposed to the sun 5 days, obtain stand-by pond.
Water is added in stand-by pond, the adjustment depth of water is 0.15m, eel grass pasture and water are planted by after the water sterilization in pond, and put into loach and diatom, wherein the area coverage of pasture and water accounts for 40% of pond area, the amount of discharging of loach is 18 tails/mu, the amount of discharging of diatom is 10kg/ mu, then adds water to depth of water 0.7m, spreads fertilizer over the fields the chicken manure of EM bacterium biologic product and fermentation, wherein the amount of discharging of the chicken manure of biologic product and fermentation is 30kg/ mu, transparency is 45cm, and the water temperature regulating pond is 5 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen amount is 6mg/L, pH value is 7, obtains cultivating pond.
Body weight is selected to be 5g/ young crab only, after removing the germ on young crab surface, throw in cultivation pond by the injected volumes of 300/mu, first week: throw something and feed every day 4 times, to throw something and feed the pellet of yolk, day feeds measure as crab storage 120%, second week was to the 7th week: throw something and feed every day 2 times, to throw something and feed soya-bean cake, small fish and shrimp and earthworm, day feeds measure as crab storage 8%, throw something and feed every day afterwards 1 time, to throw something and feed small fish and shrimp, wheat, corn and pumpkin, day feeds measure as crab storage 5%, throwing something and feeding period, within every 5 days, spread fertilizer over the fields ash, photosynthetic bacteria biologic product and calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt, and every 10 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
Find after tested, the average size of crab is 163g/, and wherein more than 150g specification accounts for 65% of gross yield.
Embodiment 2:
Selection is had abundant water resources, water nonpollution, smooth, watertight pond at the bottom of pond, pond is rectangle, and aspect ratio is 3:4, dark 1.4m, ring-shaped groove is arranged at bottom, ditch groove depth 0.4m, the area of ring-shaped groove accounts for 80% of pond area, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and 6 intake-outlets are set, and 80 object filter net sheets on overlapping on intake-outlet, be exposed to the sun 5 days, obtain stand-by pond.
Water is added in stand-by pond, the adjustment depth of water is 0.3m, waterweed pasture and water are planted by after the water sterilization in pond, and put into loach and diatom, wherein the area coverage of pasture and water accounts for 60% of pond area, the amount of discharging of loach is 25 tails/mu, the amount of discharging of diatom is 30kg/ mu, then adds water to depth of water 0.8m, spreads fertilizer over the fields the chicken manure of bacillus biologic product and fermentation, wherein the amount of discharging of the chicken manure of biologic product and fermentation is 50kg/ mu, transparency is 55cm, and the water temperature regulating pond is 25 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen amount is 8mg/L, pH value is 8, obtains cultivating pond.
Body weight is selected to be 10g/ young crab only, after removing the germ on young crab surface, throw in cultivation pond by the injected volumes of 300/mu, first week: throw something and feed every day 3 times, to throw something and feed the pellet of yolk, day feeds measure as crab storage 120%, second week was to the 7th week: throw something and feed every day 3 times, to throw something and feed soya-bean cake, small fish and shrimp and earthworm, day feeds measure as crab storage 5%, throw something and feed every day afterwards 3 times, to throw something and feed small fish and shrimp, wheat, corn and pumpkin, day feeds measure as crab storage 2%, throwing something and feeding period, within every 15 days, spread fertilizer over the fields ash, EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria or bacillus biologic product and calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt, and every 20 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
Find after tested, the average size of crab is 159g/, and wherein more than 150g specification accounts for 61% of gross yield.
Embodiment 3:
Selection is had abundant water resources, water nonpollution, smooth, watertight pond at the bottom of pond, pond is rectangle, and aspect ratio is 3:4, dark 1.3m, ring-shaped groove is arranged at bottom, ditch groove depth 0.35m, the area of ring-shaped groove accounts for 70% of pond area, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and 5 intake-outlets are set, and 70 object filter net sheets on overlapping on intake-outlet, be exposed to the sun 5 days, obtain stand-by pond.
Water is added in stand-by pond, the adjustment depth of water is 0.2m, water peanut pasture and water are planted by after the water sterilization in pond, and put into loach and diatom, wherein the area coverage of pasture and water accounts for 50% of pond area, the amount of discharging of loach is 20 tails/mu, the amount of discharging of diatom is 20kg/ mu, then adds water to depth of water 0.75m, spreads fertilizer over the fields the chicken manure of bacillus biologic product and fermentation, wherein the amount of discharging of the chicken manure of biologic product and fermentation is 40kg/ mu, transparency is 50cm, and the water temperature regulating pond is 15 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen amount is 7mg/L, pH value is 7.5, obtains cultivating pond.
Body weight is selected to be 8g/ young crab only, after removing the germ on young crab surface, throw in cultivation pond by the injected volumes of 400/mu, first week: throw something and feed every day 3 times, to throw something and feed the pellet of yolk, day feeds measure as crab storage 110%, second week was to the 7th week: throw something and feed every day 2 times, to throw something and feed soya-bean cake, small fish and shrimp and earthworm, day feeds measure as crab storage 6%, throw something and feed every day afterwards 2 times, to throw something and feed small fish and shrimp, wheat, corn and pumpkin, day feeds measure as crab storage 3%, throwing something and feeding period, within every 10 days, spread fertilizer over the fields ash, EM bacterium biologic product and calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt, and every 15 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
Find after tested, the average size of crab is 161g/, and wherein more than 150g specification accounts for 63% of gross yield.
Embodiment 4:
Selection is had abundant water resources, water nonpollution, smooth, watertight pond at the bottom of pond, pond is rectangle, and aspect ratio is 3:4, dark 1.3m, ring-shaped groove is arranged at bottom, ditch groove depth 0.3m, the area of ring-shaped groove accounts for 75% of pond area, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and 4 intake-outlets are set, and 80 object filter net sheets on overlapping on intake-outlet, be exposed to the sun 5 days, obtain stand-by pond.
Water is added in stand-by pond, the adjustment depth of water is 0.25m, hydrilla verticillata pasture and water are planted by after the water sterilization in pond, and put into loach and diatom, wherein the area coverage of pasture and water accounts for 55% of pond area, the amount of discharging of loach is 23 tails/mu, the amount of discharging of diatom is 25kg/ mu, then adds water to depth of water 0.75m, spreads fertilizer over the fields the chicken manure of EM bacterium biologic product and fermentation, wherein the amount of discharging of the chicken manure of biologic product and fermentation is 40kg/ mu, transparency is 50cm, and the water temperature regulating pond is 12 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen amount is 7.5mg/L, pH value is 8, obtains cultivating pond.
Body weight is selected to be 9g/ young crab only, after removing the germ on young crab surface, throw in cultivation pond by the injected volumes of 450/mu, first week: throw something and feed every day 3 times, to throw something and feed the pellet of yolk, day feeds measure as crab storage 100%, second week was to the 7th week: throw something and feed every day 2 times, to throw something and feed soya-bean cake, small fish and shrimp and earthworm, day feeds measure as crab storage 6%, throw something and feed every day afterwards 2 times, to throw something and feed small fish and shrimp, wheat, corn and pumpkin, day feeds measure as crab storage 3%, throwing something and feeding period, within every 8 days, spread fertilizer over the fields ash, bacillus biologic product and calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt, and every 12 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
Find after tested, the average size of crab is 159g/, and wherein more than 150g specification accounts for 67% of gross yield.
From above-described embodiment, the average size of the Eriocheir sinensia cultivated by this method is only about 160g/, and wherein more than 150g specification accounts for more than 60% of gross yield.
Claims (8)
1. an ecological cultivation method for Eriocheir sinensia, is characterized in that, this ecological cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) select to have abundant water resources, water nonpollution, smooth, watertight pond at the bottom of pond, pond is rectangle, aspect ratio is 3:4, dark 1.1-1.4m, and ring-shaped groove is arranged at bottom, ditch groove depth 0.3-0.4m, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and 4-6 intake-outlet is set, and 60-80 object filter net sheet on overlapping on intake-outlet, be exposed to the sun 5 days, obtain stand-by pond;
(2) in the stand-by pond that step (1) obtains, water is added, the adjustment depth of water is 0.15-0.3m, pasture and water are planted by after the water sterilization in pond, and put into loach and diatom, add water again to depth of water 0.7-0.8m, spread fertilizer over the fields the chicken manure of biologic product and fermentation, transparency is 45-55cm, regulate the water temperature in pond, dissolved oxygen amount and pH value, obtain cultivating pond;
(3) body weight is selected to be 5-10g/ young crab only, after removing the germ on young crab surface, throw in the cultivation pond that step (2) obtains, first week: every day throws something and feeds 3-4 time, to throw something and feed the pellet of yolk, day feeds the 100%-120% that amount is crab storage, second week was to the 7th week: every day throws something and feeds 2-3 time, to throw something and feed soya-bean cake, small fish and shrimp and earthworm, day feeds the 5%-8% that amount is crab storage, throw something and feed 1-3 time every day afterwards, to throw something and feed small fish and shrimp, wheat, corn and pumpkin, day feeds the 2%-5% that amount is crab storage, throwing something and feeding period, every 5-15 days spreads fertilizer over the fields ash, biologic product and inorganic salts nutriment, and every 10-20 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
2. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the area of the ring-shaped groove described in step (1) accounts for the 60-80% of pond area.
3. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the pasture and water described in step (2) are eel grass, water peanut, waterweed or hydrilla verticillata, and the area coverage of pasture and water accounts for the 40-60% of pond area.
4. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: step (2) or the biologic product described in step (3) are EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria or bacillus.
5. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the amount of discharging of the loach described in step (2) is 18-25 tail/mu, the amount of discharging of diatom is 10-30kg/ mu, and the amount of discharging of the chicken manure of biologic product and fermentation is 30-50kg/ mu.
6. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the water temperature in the pond described in step (2) is 5-25 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen amount is 6-8mg/L, and pH value is 7-8.
7. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the injected volume of the young crab described in step (3) is 300-500/mu.
8. the ecological cultivation method of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the inorganic salts nutriment described in step (3) is calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105075912A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-11-25 | 张俪宝 | Biomimetic cultivation and storage anti-escape net for river crabs and method for manufacturing same |
| CN105994030A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method for improving eriocheir sinensis juvenile survival rate |
| CN105994029A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Ecological breeding method for eriocheir sinensis |
| CN106359220A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method for increasing survival rate of V-stage young crabs of river crabs |
| CN106490299A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-15 | 常州市鼎升环保科技有限公司 | A kind of method that recovery Sewage Plant second pond sludge prepares feed for shrimp and crab |
| CN107410146A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-12-01 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of construction method in the fry rearing pond based on geomembrane |
| CN108686044A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-10-23 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of Eriocheir sinensis liver protectant and preparation method thereof |
| CN109169425A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-11 | 杨川 | A kind of cultural method of the super Tilapia mossambica of northern area |
| CN109197714A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-01-15 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇东枪塘水产养殖专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of river crab multi-layer classification |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107410146A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-12-01 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of construction method in the fry rearing pond based on geomembrane |
| CN108686044A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-10-23 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of Eriocheir sinensis liver protectant and preparation method thereof |
| CN109197714A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-01-15 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇东枪塘水产养殖专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of river crab multi-layer classification |
| CN109169425A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-11 | 杨川 | A kind of cultural method of the super Tilapia mossambica of northern area |
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| CN104430091B (en) | 2017-03-01 |
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