CN104430091B - A kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss - Google Patents
A kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss Download PDFInfo
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- CN104430091B CN104430091B CN201410715348.9A CN201410715348A CN104430091B CN 104430091 B CN104430091 B CN 104430091B CN 201410715348 A CN201410715348 A CN 201410715348A CN 104430091 B CN104430091 B CN 104430091B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss, including first preparation pond, setting ring-shaped groove, barrier film and the import and export water pipe having filter net sheet, water is put into after being exposed to the sun again, after sterilized, plantation pasture and water put into Misgurni anguillicaudati and diatom, biological preparation and chicken manure is spread fertilizer over the fields after adding water, adjust the temperature of water, dissolved oxygen amount and pH value, obtain cultivating pond, throw in behind cultivation pond by after the sterilization of young Eriocheir sinensiss again, fed according to the different growing stage of Eriocheir sinensiss, periodically spread fertilizer over the fields plant ash, biological preparation and inorganic salts nutrient substance, and periodic cleaning water quality and sterilization.This ecological cultivation method can provide environment needed in growth period for the Eriocheir sinensiss and nutrient substance, can promote the fast-growth of Eriocheir sinensiss, is conducive to improving specification and the yield of Eriocheir sinensiss, and this method ecological, environmental protective, green economy.
Description
Technical field：
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, particularly to a kind of ecology of Eriocheir sinensiss
Cultural method.
Background technology：
Crab, eriocheir sinensis, clear water Eriocheir sinensiss and steamed crab that Eriocheir sinensiss are namely commonly called as, it belongs to
Omnivore, likes eating fish, shrimp, spiral shell, freshwater mussel, anthelmintic, Lumbricuss, insecticide and its larva.
The tasty mouthfeel of Eriocheir sinensiss, firmly gets people and likes, and contains more vitamin in Eriocheir sinensiss
A, suitably uses the body to people also beneficial.
Eriocheir sinensiss are growths in fresh water, breed in sea water, and the river bend enriched in bait of liking living in caves
In lake, so artificial cultivation Eriocheir sinensiss need selection to have abundant water resources, draining and water inlet are convenient, water
The good place of matter, increases pasture and water and benthic quantity in waters, improves the yield of Eriocheir sinensiss,
And surrounded using plastic sheeting or cement plate around waters, prevent the loss of Eriocheir sinensiss.
Now with people's liking and suitable management tactics to Eriocheir sinensiss, the aquatic products industry of Eriocheir sinensiss is fast
Hail exhibition, the cultivation maneuver of Eriocheir sinensiss is also more numerous and diverse, therefore cause problems, such as crab species are failed to understand,
Introduce external disease；Ecological deterioration is it is impossible to meet the material needed for Eriocheir sinensiss normal growth；Arbitrarily make
With medicines such as antibiotic, hormones, using industry feed, destroy the body processes function of Eriocheir sinensiss, fall
The yield and quality of low Eriocheir sinensiss.These unscientific cultivation maneuvers, the heavy damage ecological ring of Eriocheir sinensiss
Border, leads to the quality of Eriocheir sinensiss and the economic benefit of its generation to suffer damage, is unfavorable for that Eriocheir sinensiss aquatic products produce
The cycle development of industry is it is therefore desirable to a kind of cultivation skill of the Eriocheir sinensiss of non-harmful science sustainable development
Art.
Content of the invention：
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss, the method energy
Enough ensure environment needed in growth period for the Eriocheir sinensiss and nutrient substance, promote the fast-growth of Eriocheir sinensiss, have
Beneficial to the specification improving Eriocheir sinensiss and yield, increase economic efficiency, and do not affect environment, green is raw
State environmental protection.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss, comprises the following steps：
(1) select have abundant water resources, flat, the watertight pond of water nonpollution, at the bottom of pond, pond
The pool is rectangle, and length-width ratio is 3:4, deep 1.1-1.4m, ring-shaped groove, ditch groove depth are arranged at bottom
0.3-0.4m, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and 4-6 intake-outlet is set, and
The filter net sheet of 60-80 mesh is put on intake-outlet, is exposed to the sun 5 days, obtains stand-by pond；
(2) add water in the stand-by pond obtaining toward step (1), the regulation depth of water is 0.15-0.3m,
Pasture and water will be planted after water sterilization in pond, and put into Misgurni anguillicaudati and diatom, add water to the depth of water
0.7-0.8m, spreads fertilizer over the fields biological preparation and the chicken manure of fermentation, and transparency is 45-55cm, regulating reservoir
The water temperature on the pool, dissolved oxygen amount and pH value, obtain cultivating pond；
(3) select body weight to be 5-10g/ young Eriocheir sinensiss only, after removing the pathogenic bacteria on young Eriocheir sinensiss surface, throw
Put in the cultivation pond that step (2) obtains, first week：Feed 3-4 time daily, feed
Egg yolk granule, feeds the 100%-120% for Eriocheir sinensiss storage body weight sum for the amount day, second week was to the 7th week：
Feed 2-3 time daily, feed soybean cake, small fish and shrimp and Lumbricuss, amount of feeding day for Eriocheir sinensiss storage body weight and
5%-8%, feed 1-3 time daily afterwards, feed small fish and shrimp, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss and Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae,
Feed the 2%-5% for Eriocheir sinensiss storage body weight sum for the amount day, during feeding, spread fertilizer over the fields vegetation within every 5-15 days
Ash, biological preparation and calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt nutrient substance, and every 10-20 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
Preferred as technique scheme, the area of the ring-shaped groove described in step (1) accounts for pond
The 60-80% of pool area.
Preferred as technique scheme, pasture and water described in step (2) are Herba vallisneriae Spiralis, water peanut,
Waterweed or hydrilla verticillata, the area coverage of pasture and water accounts for the 40-60% of pond area.
Preferred as technique scheme, described in step (2) or step (3) biological system
Agent is photosynthetic bacteria or bacillus cereuss.
Preferred as technique scheme, the release amount of the Misgurni anguillicaudati described in step (2) is 18-25
Tail/mu, the release amount of diatom is 10-30kg/ mu, the release of the chicken manure of biological preparation and fermentation
Measure as 30-50kg/ mu.
Preferred as technique scheme, the water temperature in the pond described in step (2) is 5-25
DEG C, dissolved oxygen amount is 6-8mg/L, and pH value is 7-8.
Preferred as technique scheme, the injected volume of the young Eriocheir sinensiss described in step (3) is
300-500/mu.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is：This method is in the breeding process of Eriocheir sinensiss by the chicken manure of fermentation
Cooperation biological preparation uses, and it is micro- with enrich that the chicken manure after fermentation remains its original protein
Secondary element, removes pathogenic bacteria that may be present, and chicken manure uses cooperatively and can change with biological preparation
Algae phase, decomposition organic matter simultaneously discharge nutrient, the fertility of energy long-term adjustment water quality and vigor,
And the use energy reduces cost of chicken manure, increase economic efficiency.
This cultural method strictly controls release time of nutrient substance and number of times, periodic adjustment water
Quality and the environment of water, are allowed to extremely meet environment and the nutrient needed for the growth period of Eriocheir sinensiss
Matter, is very beneficial for promoting the growth of Eriocheir sinensiss, it is ensured that the survival rate of Eriocheir sinensiss, improving yield and the product of Eriocheir sinensiss
Matter, and hardly using medicines such as antibiotic, hormones it is ensured that supporting during cultivation
Grow method ecological, environmental protective, green economy.
Specific embodiment：
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, with reference to embodiment, the present invention is made detailed further
State, this embodiment is only used for explaining the present invention, does not constitute limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
Selection is had abundant water resources, flat, the watertight pond of water nonpollution, at the bottom of pond, and pond is
Rectangle, length-width ratio is 3:4, deep 1.1m, ring-shaped groove, ditch groove depth 0.3m, ring are arranged at bottom
The area of shape groove accounts for the 60% of pond area, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and arranges
4 intake-outlets, and the filter net sheet of 60 mesh is covered on intake-outlet, it is exposed to the sun 5 days,
Obtain stand-by pond.
Add water toward in stand-by pond, the regulation depth of water is 0.15m, after the water sterilization in pond
Plantation Herba vallisneriae Spiralis pasture and water, and put into Misgurni anguillicaudati and diatom, the area coverage of wherein pasture and water accounts for pond area
40%, the release amount of Misgurni anguillicaudati is 18 tails/mu, and the release amount of diatom is 10kg/ mu, then plus
Enter water to depth of water 0.7m, spread fertilizer over the fields EM bacterium biological preparation and the chicken manure of fermentation, wherein biological system
The release amount of the chicken manure of agent and fermentation is 30kg/ mu, and transparency is 45cm, adjusts the water in pond
Temperature is 5 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen amount is 6mg/L, and pH value is 7, obtains cultivating pond.
Body weight is selected to be 5g/ young Eriocheir sinensiss only, after removing the pathogenic bacteria on young Eriocheir sinensiss surface, by 300/mu
Injected volume throw in cultivation pond, first week：Feed daily 4 times, feed egg yolk
Grain feedstuff, for the 120% of Eriocheir sinensiss storage, second week was to the 7th week for amount of feeding day：Feed daily 2 times,
Feed soybean cake, small fish and shrimp and Lumbricuss, amount of feeding day, for the 8% of Eriocheir sinensiss storage, feeds 1 afterwards daily
Secondary, feed small fish and shrimp, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss and Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae, amount of feeding day, for the 5% of Eriocheir sinensiss storage, is being thrown
During feeding, spread fertilizer over the fields within every 5 days plant ash, photosynthetic bacteria biological preparation and calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt, and often
10 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
Find after tested, the average size of Eriocheir sinensiss is 163g/, and wherein more than 150g specification accounts for always
The 65% of yield.
Embodiment 2：
Selection is had abundant water resources, flat, the watertight pond of water nonpollution, at the bottom of pond, and pond is
Rectangle, length-width ratio is 3:4, deep 1.4m, ring-shaped groove, ditch groove depth 0.4m, ring are arranged at bottom
The area of shape groove accounts for the 80% of pond area, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and arranges
6 intake-outlets, and the filter net sheet of 80 mesh is covered on intake-outlet, it is exposed to the sun 5 days,
Obtain stand-by pond.
Add water toward in stand-by pond, the regulation depth of water is 0.3m, will plant after the water sterilization in pond
Waterweed pasture and water, and put into Misgurni anguillicaudati and diatom, the area coverage of wherein pasture and water accounts for pond area
60%, the release amount of Misgurni anguillicaudati is 25 tails/mu, and the release amount of diatom is 30kg/ mu, adds
Water, to depth of water 0.8m, spreads fertilizer over the fields bacillus biological agents and the chicken manure of fermentation, wherein biological system
The release amount of the chicken manure of agent and fermentation is 50kg/ mu, and transparency is 55cm, adjusts the water in pond
Temperature is 25 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen amount is 8mg/L, and pH value is 8, obtains cultivating pond.
Select body weight to be 10g/ young Eriocheir sinensiss only, after removing the pathogenic bacteria on children Eriocheir sinensiss surface, by 300/
The injected volume of mu is thrown in cultivation pond, first week：Feed daily 3 times, feed egg yolk
Pellet, for the 120% of Eriocheir sinensiss storage, second week was to the 7th week for amount of feeding day：Feed 3 daily
Secondary, feed soybean cake, small fish and shrimp and Lumbricuss, amount of feeding day, for the 5% of Eriocheir sinensiss storage, is thrown afterwards daily
Feed 3 times, feed small fish and shrimp, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss and Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae, day feeds 2% measuring as Eriocheir sinensiss storage,
During feeding, spread fertilizer over the fields plant ash, EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria or bacillus cereuss within every 15 days
Biological preparation and calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt, and every 20 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
Find after tested, the average size of Eriocheir sinensiss is 159g/, and wherein more than 150g specification accounts for always
The 61% of yield.
Embodiment 3：
Selection is had abundant water resources, flat, the watertight pond of water nonpollution, at the bottom of pond, and pond is
Rectangle, length-width ratio is 3:4, deep 1.3m, ring-shaped groove, ditch groove depth 0.35m, ring are arranged at bottom
The area of shape groove accounts for the 70% of pond area, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and arranges
5 intake-outlets, and the filter net sheet of 70 mesh is covered on intake-outlet, it is exposed to the sun 5 days,
Obtain stand-by pond.
Add water toward in stand-by pond, the regulation depth of water is 0.2m, will plant after the water sterilization in pond
Water peanut pasture and water, and put into Misgurni anguillicaudati and diatom, the area coverage of wherein pasture and water accounts for pond area
50%, the release amount of Misgurni anguillicaudati is 20 tails/mu, and the release amount of diatom is 20kg/ mu, adds
Water, to depth of water 0.75m, spreads fertilizer over the fields bacillus biological agents and the chicken manure of fermentation, wherein biological system
The release amount of the chicken manure of agent and fermentation is 40kg/ mu, and transparency is 50cm, adjusts the water in pond
Temperature is 15 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen amount is 7mg/L, and pH value is 7.5, obtains cultivating pond.
Body weight is selected to be 8g/ young Eriocheir sinensiss only, after removing the pathogenic bacteria on young Eriocheir sinensiss surface, by 400/mu
Injected volume throw in cultivation pond, first week：Feed daily 3 times, feed egg yolk
Grain feedstuff, for the 110% of Eriocheir sinensiss storage, second week was to the 7th week for amount of feeding day：Feed daily 2 times,
Feed soybean cake, small fish and shrimp and Lumbricuss, amount of feeding day, for the 6% of Eriocheir sinensiss storage, feeds 2 afterwards daily
Secondary, feed small fish and shrimp, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss and Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae, amount of feeding day, for the 3% of Eriocheir sinensiss storage, is being thrown
During feeding, spread fertilizer over the fields within every 10 days plant ash, EM bacterium biological preparation and calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt, and often
15 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
Find after tested, the average size of Eriocheir sinensiss is 161g/, and wherein more than 150g specification accounts for always
The 63% of yield.
Embodiment 4：
Selection is had abundant water resources, flat, the watertight pond of water nonpollution, at the bottom of pond, and pond is
Rectangle, length-width ratio is 3:4, deep 1.3m, ring-shaped groove, ditch groove depth 0.3m, ring are arranged at bottom
The area of shape groove accounts for the 75% of pond area, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and arranges
4 intake-outlets, and the filter net sheet of 80 mesh is covered on intake-outlet, it is exposed to the sun 5 days,
Obtain stand-by pond.
Add water toward in stand-by pond, the regulation depth of water is 0.25m, after the water sterilization in pond
Plantation hydrilla verticillata pasture and water, and put into Misgurni anguillicaudati and diatom, the area coverage of wherein pasture and water accounts for pond
The 55% of area, the release amount of Misgurni anguillicaudati is 23 tails/mu, and the release amount of diatom is 25kg/ mu,
Add water to depth of water 0.75m, spread fertilizer over the fields EM bacterium biological preparation and the chicken manure of fermentation, wherein raw
The release amount of the chicken manure of thing preparation and fermentation is 40kg/ mu, and transparency is 50cm, adjusts pond
Water temperature be 12 DEG C, dissolved oxygen amount be 7.5mg/L, pH value be 8, obtain cultivate pond.
Body weight is selected to be 9g/ young Eriocheir sinensiss only, after removing the pathogenic bacteria on young Eriocheir sinensiss surface, by 450/mu
Injected volume throw in cultivation pond, first week：Feed daily 3 times, feed egg yolk
Grain feedstuff, for the 100% of Eriocheir sinensiss storage, second week was to the 7th week for amount of feeding day：Feed daily 2 times,
Feed soybean cake, small fish and shrimp and Lumbricuss, amount of feeding day, for the 6% of Eriocheir sinensiss storage, feeds 2 afterwards daily
Secondary, feed small fish and shrimp, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss and Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae, amount of feeding day, for the 3% of Eriocheir sinensiss storage, is being thrown
During feeding, spread fertilizer over the fields within every 8 days plant ash, bacillus biological agents and calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt, and often
12 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
Find after tested, the average size of Eriocheir sinensiss is 159g/, and wherein more than 150g specification accounts for always
The 67% of yield.
From above-described embodiment, the average size of the Eriocheir sinensiss being cultivated by this method is about
Only, wherein more than 150g specification accounts for more than the 60% of total output to 160g/.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss is it is characterised in that this ecologic breeding side
Method comprises the following steps：
(1) select have abundant water resources, flat, the watertight pond of water nonpollution, at the bottom of pond, pond
The pool is rectangle, and length-width ratio is 3:4, deep 1.1-1.4m, ring-shaped groove, ditch groove depth are arranged at bottom
0.3-0.4m, the surrounding liner barrier film in pond, and 4-6 intake-outlet is set, and
The filter net sheet of 60-80 mesh is put on intake-outlet, is exposed to the sun 5 days, obtains stand-by pond；
(2) add water in the stand-by pond obtaining toward step (1), the regulation depth of water is 0.15-0.3m,
Pasture and water will be planted after water sterilization in pond, and put into Misgurni anguillicaudati and diatom, add water to the depth of water
0.7-0.8m, spreads fertilizer over the fields biological preparation and the chicken manure of fermentation, and transparency is 45-55cm, regulating reservoir
The water temperature on the pool, dissolved oxygen amount and pH value, obtain cultivating pond；
(3) select body weight to be 5-10g/ young Eriocheir sinensiss only, after removing the pathogenic bacteria on young Eriocheir sinensiss surface, throw
Put in the cultivation pond that step (2) obtains, first week：Feed 3-4 time daily, feed
Egg yolk granule, feeds the 100%-120% for Eriocheir sinensiss storage body weight sum for the amount day, second week was to the 7th week：
Feed 2-3 time daily, feed soybean cake, small fish and shrimp and Lumbricuss, amount of feeding day for Eriocheir sinensiss storage body weight and
5%-8%, feed 1-3 time daily afterwards, feed small fish and shrimp, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss and Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae,
Feed the 2%-5% for Eriocheir sinensiss storage body weight sum for the amount day, during feeding, spread fertilizer over the fields vegetation within every 5-15 days
Ash, biological preparation and calcium potassium sodium microcosmic salt nutrient substance, and every 10-20 days cleaning water quality and sterilization.
2. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is, the area of the ring-shaped groove described in step (1) accounts for the 60-80% of pond area.
3. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is, the pasture and water described in step (2) are Herba vallisneriae Spiralis, water peanut, waterweed or hydrilla verticillata,
The area coverage of pasture and water accounts for the 40-60% of pond area.
4. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is, the biological preparation described in step (2) or step (3) is photosynthetic bacteria or spore bar
Bacterium.
5. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is, the release amount of the Misgurni anguillicaudati described in step (2) is 18-25 tail/mu, the release amount of diatom
For 10-30kg/ mu, the release amount of the chicken manure of biological preparation and fermentation is 30-50kg/ mu.
6. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is, the water temperature in the pond described in step (2) is 5-25 DEG C, dissolved oxygen amount is 6-8mg/L,
PH value is 7-8.
7. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Eriocheir sinensiss as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is, the injected volume of the young Eriocheir sinensiss described in step (3) is 300-500/mu.
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| CN105075912A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-11-25 | 张俪宝 | Biomimetic cultivation and storage anti-escape net for river crabs and method for manufacturing same |
| CN105994030A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method for improving eriocheir sinensis juvenile survival rate |
| CN105994029A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Ecological breeding method for eriocheir sinensis |
| CN106359220B (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-12-28 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | A method of improving river crab stage-5 young crab survival rate |
| CN106490299A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-15 | 常州市鼎升环保科技有限公司 | A kind of method that recovery Sewage Plant second pond sludge prepares feed for shrimp and crab |
| CN107410146B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-07-26 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of construction method in the fry rearing pond based on geomembrane |
| CN108686044B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2022-02-15 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Liver-protecting agent for cultivating eriocheir sinensis and preparation method thereof |
| CN109197714A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-01-15 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇东枪塘水产养殖专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of river crab multi-layer classification |
| CN109169425A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-11 | 杨川 | A kind of cultural method of the super Tilapia mossambica of northern area |
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| CN1265701C (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2006-07-26 | 潘洪强 | Nuisance free big sized river crab ecological cultivation method |
| CN100361571C (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2008-01-16 | 李晓东 | Method for breeding crabs in paddy field utilizing ecology regulation and control |
| JP5181117B2 (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2013-04-10 | 長崎県 | Mosquito aquaculture equipment and moss aquaculture method |
| CN103371114A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-30 | 新沂市佳成生态养殖有限公司 | Method for culturing river crab |
| CN103314902B (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2015-10-28 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | The nuisanceless pond breeding method of a kind of river crab |
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