CN102771423A - Cultivating method for multiplication of demersal live baits in shrimp and crab ponds - Google Patents
Cultivating method for multiplication of demersal live baits in shrimp and crab ponds Download PDFInfo
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- CN102771423A CN102771423A CN201210260109XA CN201210260109A CN102771423A CN 102771423 A CN102771423 A CN 102771423A CN 201210260109X A CN201210260109X A CN 201210260109XA CN 201210260109 A CN201210260109 A CN 201210260109A CN 102771423 A CN102771423 A CN 102771423A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivating method for multiplication of demersal live baits in shrimp and crab ponds. The cultivating method comprises the steps of pond clearing solarization, pond bottom plowing, bottom mud measurement, fertilizing rotary tillage, aquatic plant planting, introduction and inoculation, breeding and management and the like. By improving the melanized pond bottom, the ecological method is adopted to transform nutrient substance such as organic matter in pond bottom sludge into the demersal live baits which shrimps and crabs like to eat, the cultivating cost is reduced, the ecological environment of the pond bottom is improved, the quality of cultivated products is improved, and the disease occurrence rate is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the shrimp crab and culture the field, specifically is the cultural method of living bait of dwelling at the bottom of a kind of long-acting propagation shrimp crab cultivating pool.
Background technology
Jiangsu is that China's tradition is cultured big the province, and cultured area and cultured output all occupy the leading place in the whole country.Jiangsu freshwater aquiculture area reached 8,360,000 mu in 2010,2,900,000 tons of cultured outputs, and wherein the freshwater shrimps and crabs culture benefit is remarkable, and masses' breed enthusiasm is surging.Jiangsu in 2010 only culture of Chinese mitten crab area just reaches 3,940,000 mu, and 280,000 tons of output, output account for the over half of the whole nation, and nearly 18,000,000,000 yuan of the output value accounts for 22.3% and 29.8% of the Jiangsu fishery output value and the inland fishery output value respectively, and output, the output value of breed rise year by year.Only 100,000 mu of Procambius clarkii Jiangsu cultured areas in 2006; 2007 are close on 300000 mu, are about 470,000 mu in 2008, reach 950,000 mu in 2009; Rose to 1,300,000 mu in 2010 more rapidly; Shown better development trend, market prospects are very wide, and Eriocheir sinensia, Procambius clarkii have become the leading kind of our province aquaculture advantage at present.But influenced by some traditional concepts, tend to the management and the research of breeding water and feedstuff feeding, often ignore the raising of production capacity at the bottom of self-purification capacity and the pond in pond, often cause the underproduction because of the pasture and water problem.Being the life area of culturing object at the bottom of the pond, also is that ight soil, residual bait etc. decompose container, and present breeding way causes the disruption of ecological balance between " consumer, analyst and the producer " easily, causes organic matter and a large amount of rich the amassing of poisonous and harmful substance at the bottom of the pond.For breed such as Procambius clarkii, Eriocheir sinensia; Because it is mainly with the end life of creeping of dwelling; The good and bad even more important of natural bait dwells bottom material of pond for breeding, the end in the breeding process; The ecological environment problem of dwelling at the bottom of the cultivating pool has at present become bottleneck of healthy sustainable development such as the industry that hinders Procambius clarkii, Eriocheir sinensia, directly has influence on growth rate, disease generation, commercial specification and quality quality.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of cultural method of breeding the living bait of dwelling at the bottom of the shrimp crab cultivating pool; Nutriments such as organic matter at the bottom of adopting ecological mode with the pond in the mud are long-acting to be converted into shrimp crab bait alive; Reduced aquaculture cost; Improve ecotope at the bottom of the pond, improve the cultured product quality, reduce the disease incidence.
Technical scheme of the present invention: key technology of the present invention is to carrying out ecology improvement at the bottom of " melanism " pond, forms a kind of good hotbed of cultivating the living bait of dwelling at the bottom of the pond, for the end shell-fish breed of dwelling provides a large amount of agreeable to the taste bait.The principal character of the inventive method is following steps:
1, clean up the pond and tan by the sun: the shrimp crab that will deposit the pool in period in winter slack is all fished for and finishes, and drains pond Chi Shui, tans by the sun at the bottom of the pond to be full of cracks;
2, turn at the bottom of the pond: turn over farm tractor dress plough, about ploughing depth 20cm, tan by the sun again to whiting;
3, bed mud is measured: the bed mud of gathering after tanning by the sun detects nutritive element contents such as its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium;
4, fertilising rotary tillage: every mu of application of organic fertilizers 150-200kg, and add composite fertilizer's full pool spilling head according to measuring the result, with turning at the bottom of the rotovator pond, with fertilizer and the abundant mixing of bed mud, at the bottom of the smooth pond of while;
5, plantation pasture and water: select the shrimp crab to like submerged plants such as the waterweed of food, hydrilla verticillata, Huang Sicao, p.malaianus and plant, the pasture and water area accounts for the 40%-60% of pond area.The pasture and water layout is advisable with stick formula checkerboard type, the every wide 3-5m of pasture and water, and adjacent two pasture and water are separated by about 3m;
6, introduce a fine variety inoculation: the pond adds water 10-15cm, selects the aquatic oligochaetes benthons such as water silk earthworm of shrimp crab happiness food to cultivate;
7, put management in a suitable place to breed: treat that water silk earthworm breeds in a large number, put in a suitable place to breed after the pasture and water growth is vigorous shrimp species or one age the crab kind, put the back in a suitable place to breed by normal cultural method management, feedstuff feeding should confirm to throw the amount of raising by the food situation.
The present invention is through pond sludge nutritive element at the bottom of the counterbalance cell; Zoobenthos such as inoculation Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri form the natural living bait that a large amount of suitable shrimp crabs utilizes; Transplant pasture and water through manual work, the water body space of making rational planning for has promoted the growth of water plants; Reach the improvement substrate, strengthen the effect of pond auto purification ability.The present invention can effectively improve substrate and water body environment at the bottom of the pond, and natural baits such as long-acting promotion zoobenthos and pasture and water propagation and growth improve productivity at the bottom of the pond, reduce the feedstuff feeding cost, reach and improve commercial sized prawn crab quality and the purpose that increases culture benefit.
Embodiment
A kind of cultural method of breeding the living bait of dwelling at the bottom of the Procambius clarkii pond:
1, pond condition: become 10～20 mu of the general areas in shrimp aquaculture pond, the depth of water 1.2～1.5m, Chi Gengpo were than 1: 3, and the ridge, pond is non-leakage, bottom mud≤20cm, the polythene net bank protection that uses with good conditionsi.Have abundant water resources, water quality is pure and fresh, and is pollution-free, advances draining conveniently, and soil is clay or loam.
2, clean up the pond and tan by the sun: the shrimp crab that will deposit the pool in period in winter slack is all fished for and finishes; Drain pond Chi Shui, add the quicklime dry method and clean up the pond, tan by the sun at the bottom of the pond to be full of cracks; Make the pond upper soll layer loose; Improve aeration condition, organic substance is converted into nutritive salt in the acceleration soil, can effectively kill the damage by disease and insect of hiding simultaneously.
3, turn at the bottom of the pond: turn over farm tractor dress plough, more than the ploughing depth 20cm, tan by the sun to whiting again.Impel the sediment of pond oxidation,, make bed mud form good granular structure, help the pasture and water root system and stretch, promote pasture and water and zoobenthos propagation and growth through tanning by the sun with freezing.
4, bed mud is measured: gather the bed mud after tanning by the sun, in the laboratory or send professional testing agency to measure nutritive element contents such as its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, confirm the fertility characteristic of soil bed mud.
5, fertilising rotary tillage: every mu with adding according to determination data through fertilizer 150-200kg, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer that ferments; Through fully at the bottom of the pond, letting go behind the stirring and evenly mixing; Use rotovator rotary tillage at the bottom of whole pond again; With fertilizer and the abundant mixing of bed mud rotary tillage, at the bottom of the smooth pond, formation has at the bottom of the pond of long-acting medium.
6, plantation pasture and water: the pond adds plantation pasture and water in back about water 30cm, and area accounts for the 40%-60% of full pool area, the plantation submerged plant, and principal item has waterweed, p.malaianus, Huang Sicao, eel grass etc.The pasture and water layout is advisable with stick formula checkerboard type, the every wide 3-5m of pasture and water, and adjacent two pasture and water are separated by about 3m.Seed is transplanted and dispensed to cultivation method according to obstructed kind.
7, introduce a fine variety inoculation: select the aquatic oligochaetes benthons such as water silk earthworm of shrimp crab happiness food to introduce a fine variety and inoculate behind one in the pasture and water.Water silk earthworm is more in eutrophic water body usually, can gather near the on the outskirts of a town stream, general every mu of inoculation water silk earthworm 1.5～2.5kg.
8, the anti-facility of escaping
Discharge outlet surrounds with wire netting or iron bar; Intake-outlet is made the anti-facility of escaping with the polythene net sheet of mesh 0.5mm; With mesh 1mm polythene net sheet, inside upper part is sewed on width 25～30cm agricultural film around the Chi Geng, and 20～30cm in the soil is imbedded in the bottom; Top exceeds ridge 40～60cm, and every separated 1.5m is with timber or bamboo bar support fixation.
9, put management in a suitable place to breed
Procambius clarkii was accomplished in late March to late May.Adopt the high-quality seed that natural water area is fished for or artificial propagation physique is healthy and strong, specification is 150～250 tails/kg, and stocking rate is 0.6～0.8 ten thousand tail/mu.
10, throw the feeding tube reason
Feed is main with compound feed, a spot of fresh animal forage of arranging in pairs or groups, and manufactured feed protein is greater than 28%; Resistance to water threw something and fed twice in general day greater than 3 hours, and the time is 7:00～9:00; 17:00～18:00 is advisable adjustment in time to eat up basically in the back 3h that throws something and feeds.The morning, feeding volume was 25% of a whole day feeding volume.
11, regulating and controlling water quality
Follow the principle of " the shallow summer in spring is full, and preceding fertile back is thin ".Spring, water level generally remained on 0.6～1m, and 10～15d adds water once, added water 5～10cm at every turn; Summer, water level remained on >=120cm, and per 7～10d changes water once, changed water 20cm at every turn; Special circumstances such as anoxic, water quality deterioration etc. should in time change water.Do not change water behind a large amount of shells of shrimp or the rain.
12, fish for transportation
Raise after 45 days, in time fish for commercial sized prawn according to the culture shrimp specification, catch stay greatly little.The main dry method that adopts is transported, and puts some pasture and water in the bottom of bubble chamber or plastic box, is placed on shrimp above the pasture and water, and pasture and water and shrimp are alternately deposited, and on pasture and water, covers one deck trash ice at last.Keep moistening during transportation, circulation of air avoids the wind and the sun directly to shine.
Use this kind breed mode to culture the Procambius clarkii average yield per mu and improve 12%, the disease incidence reduces by 20%.
Claims (1)
1. dwell at the bottom of the propagation shrimp crab pond cultural method of living bait is characterized in that following steps:
(1) clean up the pond and tan by the sun: the shrimp crab that will deposit the pool in period in winter slack is all fished for and finishes, and drains pond Chi Shui, tans by the sun at the bottom of the pond to be full of cracks;
(2) turn at the bottom of the pond: turn over farm tractor dress plough, about ploughing depth 20cm, tan by the sun again to whiting;
(3) bed mud is measured: the bed mud of gathering after tanning by the sun detects nutritive element contents such as its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium;
(4) fertilising rotary tillage: every mu of application of organic fertilizers 150-200kg, and add composite fertilizer's full pool spilling head according to measuring the result, with turning at the bottom of the rotovator pond, with fertilizer and the abundant mixing of bed mud, at the bottom of the smooth pond of while;
(5) select the shrimp crab to like submerged plants such as the waterweed of food, hydrilla verticillata, Huang Sicao, p.malaianus and plant, the pasture and water area accounts for the 40%-60% of pond area.The pasture and water layout is advisable with stick formula checkerboard type, the every wide 3-5m of pasture and water, and adjacent two pasture and water are separated by about 3m;
(6) introduce a fine variety inoculation: the pond adds water 10-15cm, selects the aquatic oligochaetes benthons such as water silk earthworm of shrimp crab happiness food to cultivate.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103815196A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-28 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Preparation of fermented material in bait bio-bed for breeding of river crabs and application method thereof |
| CN103960113A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-08-06 | 朱祖阳 | Full-automatic factory pond multi-layered classified cultivation |
| CN104273063A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-14 | 湖北省水产技术推广中心 | Pond crab strengthened breeding method |
| CN105850788A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2016-08-17 | 通威股份有限公司 | Water fertilizing method for large-water-surface pond culture |
| CN106946339A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-07-14 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | A kind of water course in situ purification and ecological restoring method |
| CN111955392A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-20 | 河海大学 | Breeding method for improving specifications of hairy crabs by adopting soil improvement |
| CN112056248A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-12-11 | 南京耀淳蟹业有限公司 | Method for advancing marketing time of hairy crabs |
| CN112075367A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-15 | 盐城工学院 | Method for breeding penaeus japonicus by using idle river crab seedling culture soil pond |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103960113B (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2016-08-10 | 朱祖阳 | The multi-layer classification cultivation of full-automatic batch production pond |
| CN103960113A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-08-06 | 朱祖阳 | Full-automatic factory pond multi-layered classified cultivation |
| CN103815196A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-28 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Preparation of fermented material in bait bio-bed for breeding of river crabs and application method thereof |
| CN103815196B (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-07-08 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Preparation of fermented material in bait bio-bed for breeding of river crabs and application method thereof |
| CN104273063B (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2017-01-18 | 湖北省水产技术推广中心 | Pond crab strengthened breeding method |
| CN104273063A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-14 | 湖北省水产技术推广中心 | Pond crab strengthened breeding method |
| CN105850788A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2016-08-17 | 通威股份有限公司 | Water fertilizing method for large-water-surface pond culture |
| CN105850788B (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2019-02-12 | 通威股份有限公司 | A kind of rich water method of big water surface pond culture |
| CN106946339A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-07-14 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | A kind of water course in situ purification and ecological restoring method |
| CN106946339B (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2020-02-21 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | River channel in-situ purification and ecological restoration method |
| CN111955392A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-20 | 河海大学 | Breeding method for improving specifications of hairy crabs by adopting soil improvement |
| CN112056248A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-12-11 | 南京耀淳蟹业有限公司 | Method for advancing marketing time of hairy crabs |
| CN111955392B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2022-03-22 | 河海大学 | Breeding method for improving specifications of hairy crabs by adopting soil improvement |
| CN112075367A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-15 | 盐城工学院 | Method for breeding penaeus japonicus by using idle river crab seedling culture soil pond |
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Application publication date: 20121114 |