CN106946339B - River channel in-situ purification and ecological restoration method - Google Patents
River channel in-situ purification and ecological restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106946339B CN106946339B CN201710070011.0A CN201710070011A CN106946339B CN 106946339 B CN106946339 B CN 106946339B CN 201710070011 A CN201710070011 A CN 201710070011A CN 106946339 B CN106946339 B CN 106946339B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/348—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the way or the form in which the microorganisms are added or dosed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention relates to a river channel in-situ purification and ecological restoration method, which is suitable for black and odorous elimination, water quality improvement and ecological restoration engineering of a black and odorous river channel with serious endogenous pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to technologies such as sediment disposal, sewage treatment, ecological restoration and the like, in particular to an in-situ purification technology and an ecological restoration technology for black and odorous watercourses, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and ecological restoration.
Background
In recent years, China is vigorously promoting ecological civilization construction, and in 2015, ten pieces of water are released with the core of improving water environment quality, the national water environment quality is improved in stages in 2020, severely polluted water is greatly reduced, and black and odorous water in built-up areas of land level and above cities is controlled within 10%; by 2030, the excellent water quality proportion of seven major key drainage basins in China is over 75 percent, and black and odorous water in urban built-up areas is eliminated. However, the problem of water pollution in China still stands out at present, and the phenomenon of black and odorous river channels is common. Therefore, to achieve the above object, the technology and method for improving the water quality of river channels and eliminating black and odorous water are urgently needed in China.
In recent years, China pays attention to the treatment of black and odorous watercourses, and scientific researchers are dedicated to research and practice of treatment technologies, for example, 201610320572.7 patent documents disclose that the preparation raw materials are as follows: CaO (CaO)2、MgO2The raw materials of the attapulgite clay, the EM bacteria dry powder and the nano titanium dioxide are respectively pretreated in specific steps and then are uniformly mixed according to specific proportion to form powdery material which can be mixed with the bottom mud of the river channel to reduce the endogenous pollution of the river channel. 201610316764.0 patent document discloses that the substrate sludge itself is used as repairing agent auxiliary material, firstly a large amount of denitrifying bacteria are enriched through denitrifying modification, then active carbon is added, and then polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate are used as slow release agents and sodium alginate is used as coating agents to prepare calcium nitrate slow release particles for eliminating black and odorous pollution of the substrate sludge, and the calcium nitrate slow release particles have the characteristics of high efficiency and environmental protection. The invention 201620007705.0 provides a device for combined treatment of sewage and bottom mud in a black and odorous river channel, which comprises an aerobic MBBR reaction tank and a river channel bottom mud fermentation coupling denitrification tank which are mutually adjacent, wherein the aerobic MBBR reaction tank introduces river channel sewage through a water inlet pump and is communicated with the river channel bottom mud fermentation coupling denitrification tank through an overflow port; the river sediment fermentation coupling denitrification tank is used for introducing river sediment through a sediment inlet pump and is communicated with the secondary sedimentation tank through a self-flowing port; a suspended filler for degrading organic matters is arranged in the aerobic MBBR reaction tank; acid-producing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are arranged in the river sediment fermentation coupling denitrifying tank. However, most of the river sediment treatment patent technologies rely on adding repair materials or preparing repair materials to reduce endogenous pollution, and the in-situ treatment technology for the river sediment is less. The invention 201310326224.7 provides a black and odorous river channel treatment and recovery method, which comprises the main steps of river channel sewage interception and discharge, river channel dredging, measurement and setting-out, slope trimming, plant mat laying, irrigation and artificial river channel management and maintenance for one year. 201610006876.6 discloses micro-aeration through a bottom layer andthe method for improving the water quality of the black and odorous riverway by the submerged plants is characterized in that bottom layer micro-aeration is utilized to improve bottom mud polluted by the black and odorous riverway, the release of bottom mud pollutants is controlled, the growth of the submerged plants is assisted, and ammonia nitrogen is reduced; meanwhile, according to the seasonal phase change of plants, evergreen submerged vegetation is established by utilizing the combination of the waterweed and the tape grass, and the stable submerged vegetation is established by matching with the accompanying species of the golden carp algae, the foxtail algae of the panicle flower and the hydrilla verticillata, so that the aim of improving the water quality of the river is fulfilled. The invention 201610541590.8 provides a method for restoring black and odorous river water, which mainly comprises the steps of sewage outlet sewage interception treatment, aeration and water body purification treatment, bottom mud sediment recovery and treatment, ecological vegetation planting, establishment of a bank gallery, establishment of a water culture walkway by a gallery guardrail and the like. As can be seen, the technologies widely used at present include bottom layer aeration, ecological floating beds and the like, but most of the technologies need to adopt a sewage interception measure or river channel dredging firstly, and complete in-situ purification treatment cannot be realized.
In view of the technical background, the method for in-situ treatment of the bottom mud of the river channel, improvement of water quality and ecological restoration is invented aiming at the problems of serious bottom mud pollution of the river channel in cities and towns or difficult black and odorous treatment engineering of the river channel in sewage interception construction of a main sewage discharge pipe, the in-situ treatment and restoration of the bottom mud of the river channel are realized under the condition of no need of dredging of the river channel, and then the sewage is purified by combining physical aeration, plant purification and microorganisms, so that the method has the characteristics of long and stable effect, small engineering quantity, environmental friendliness and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, realize the in-situ treatment and restoration of the bottom mud of the river channel, simultaneously eliminate pollutants in the river channel in situ, and is suitable for the black and odorous elimination, water quality improvement and ecological restoration engineering of the black and odorous river channel with serious bottom mud pollution.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by:
a river course in-situ purification and ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(1) in-situ treatment of bottom mud:
pumping the river water of the river section to be treated, exposing the bottom mud for several days, covering clay on the bottom mud after exposure, turning over the bottom mud and continuing to expose for several days, building bank slopes along two sides of the river bank by the exposed bottom mud, and enabling the tops of the bank slopes to be flush with the water surface;
(2) arranging an aeration device:
laying microporous aeration equipment on the bottom layer of the river channel, wherein the microporous aeration equipment comprises an aerator, an aeration main pipe, aeration branch pipes and an aeration head; the aerator and the aeration main pipe are arranged on the inner side of the river channel, and the aerator supplies air to the aeration main pipe through the vent pipe; the aeration main pipe is provided with three-way pipes at intervals, the aeration main pipe is connected with aeration branch pipes through the three-way pipes, and the aeration branch pipes are connected with aeration heads and used for increasing oxygen into the river;
(3) laying an ecological floating island:
laying an ecological floating island on the water surface of the river channel;
the ecological floating island comprises a floating bed, floating plants and elastic fillers; the floating bed is formed by covering a net on a frame, floating plants are placed on the net, and elastic fillers are hung below the net and used for hanging biological films; the ecological floating island is fixed on the water surface through the moso bamboo piles and is alternately arranged with the aeration heads;
(4) after the aeration device and the ecological floating island are arranged, after the water level is recovered, and after the water level is recovered, emergent aquatic plants are planted on the constructed bank slope;
(5) after the restoration engineering facilities are laid, the micro-pore aeration equipment is operated to oxygenate the water body and protect the ecological floating island and emergent aquatic plants.
According to the method, in the step (1), after river water is drained, bottom mud is exposed for 7-10 days, clay with the thickness of 10cm is covered after the bottom mud is exposed, then the bottom mud is turned over and exposed for a week, bank slopes are built along two sides of a river bank by the exposed bottom mud, and the slope ratio is 1: 1.5-3, the top of the bank slope is flush with the water surface.
In the method, in the step (2), the aeration head is composed of a steel bar and a microporous aeration hose, the steel bar is made into a rectangular base frame, and the microporous aeration hose is wound on the base frame to form the rectangular aeration head. The size of the rectangle and the number of winding layers can be comprehensively determined according to the size of the river channel, the required aeration quantity and the size of the ecological floating island, a multi-layer rectangular frame shown in figure 2 can be adopted, and the size of the rectangular frame can be reduced by winding a plurality of layers of aeration hoses.
The optimal arrangement density of the aeration heads is 1 per 50-100m2The aeration rate of the aeration head is 15m each3H is used as the reference value. The specific conditions of aeration quantity and distribution density can be further confirmed according to the pollution condition of the river channel.
In the method of the present invention, in the step (3), the ecological floating island is specifically manufactured in the following manner: a hose is adopted to enclose a circular frame, and the diameter of the circular frame is phi 7-10 m; the circular frame is covered with a net, floating plants are filled on the net, and elastic fillers are hung below the net; the ecological floating island is fixed by 3 moso bamboo piles according to a triangular shape, the bottom ends of the moso bamboo piles are inserted into bottom mud of a river channel, and the length above the bottom mud is higher than the highest water level of the river channel, so that the moso bamboo piles are exposed out of the water surface. The ecological floating island is made into a round shape, so that the water flow resistance can be reduced.
Furthermore, the hose is preferably a PE pipe or a PVC pipe; the net is a polyethylene net.
The ecological floating island is distributed at a density which enables the coverage degree to reach 30-50% of the water surface area. According to the pollution degree of the river channel, the distribution density of the ecological floating island can be increased or decreased.
Further, 30-50 cm of pulchrous myriophyllum or delavay cinquefoil herb is selected as the floating plant.
In the method of the present invention, in the step (4), the emergent aquatic plant is one or more of reed, cattail and canna.
Preferably, when the equipment is operated, a microbial agent can be sprayed to assist in adjusting water quality according to the pollution condition of a river channel, bioactive liquid and EM concentrated liquid containing flora such as photosynthetic bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrobacteria can be selected and purchased from the market according to the water quality condition, and the water quality is adjusted by treatment according to the product dosage instruction.
According to the method, the river water is pumped to be dry, the bottom mud is solarized, endogenous pollutants are eliminated through natural oxidation, the solarized bottom mud is covered with clay, ploughed and continuously solarized, the endogenous pollutants are further reduced, a bank slope is built by the solarized bottom mud to form a gentle slope with a certain gradient, the solarization is continued, the river bottom is provided with the micropore aeration equipment, the middle of the river channel is provided with the floating plant technology, emergent aquatic plants are planted on the built gentle slope after the water level is recovered, the sewage is purified in the flowing process, the pollutants are eliminated in situ, and therefore the in-situ treatment and the water quality improvement of the bottom mud of the river channel are achieved, the engineering cost is reduced, and the treatment efficiency is improved. The method realizes the in-situ treatment and restoration of the bottom mud of the river channel under the condition that the river channel is not desilted, ensures the elimination of black and odorous substances in the treated river channel, the improvement of water quality and the standard reaching of the treated water, realizes the in-situ treatment and purification of the river channel, and does not need to connect sewage into an urban pipe network and then enter a sewage treatment plant for treatment. The invention is suitable for river black and odor elimination and water quality improvement projects with serious bottom mud pollution of urban and rural rivers or difficult sewage interception construction of a main sewage discharge pipe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the layout of the apparatus involved in the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an aeration head of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the construction of the bank slope sediment and emergent aquatic plants according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an ecological floating island of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the method of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
(1) in-situ treatment of bottom mud:
will treat that 1 river of harnessed river reach is taken out futilely, and bed mud 91 insolates for 7-10 days, eliminates endogenous pollutant through natural oxidation, covers clay 92 about 10cm thick on the bed mud after the insolate, continues to insolate about a week with bed mud 91 ploughing again, further reduces endogenous pollutant, utilizes the bed mud 91 after the insolate to build bank slope 9 along river bank both sides and forms the gentle slope that has certain slope, and bank slope ratio is 1: 1.5-3, the top of the bank slope 9 is flush with the water surface;
(2) arranging an aeration device:
laying microporous aeration equipment on the bottom layer of the river channel, wherein the microporous aeration equipment comprises an aerator 2, an aeration main pipe 3, aeration branch pipes 5 and an aeration head 6; the aerator 2 and the aeration main pipe 3 are arranged on the inner side of the river channel, and the aerator 2 supplies air to the aeration main pipe 3 through a vent pipe 7; the aeration main pipe 3 is provided with three-way pipes 4 at intervals, the aeration main pipe 3 is connected with an aeration branch pipe 5 through the three-way pipe 4, and the aeration branch pipe 5 is connected with an aeration head 6 for increasing oxygen into the river;
The distribution density of the aeration heads 6 is 1 per 50-100m2The aeration quantity of the aeration head 6 is 15m each3H is used as the reference value. The specific conditions of aeration quantity and distribution density can be further confirmed according to the pollution condition of the river channel.
(3) Laying an ecological floating island:
an ecological floating island 8 is arranged on the water surface of the river channel;
the ecological floating island comprises a floating bed, floating plants 83 and elastic fillers 84; the floating bed is formed by covering a net 82 on a frame 81, floating plants 83 are placed on the net 82, and elastic fillers 84 are hung below the net 83 and used for hanging biological membranes; the ecological floating island 8 is fixed on the water surface through a moso bamboo pile 85 and is alternately arranged with the aeration heads 6;
the ecological floating island is manufactured in the following specific mode: a PE pipe or a PVC pipe is used for enclosing to form a circular frame 81, and the diameter phi of the circular frame 81 is 7-10 m; the round frame 81 is covered with a polyethylene net 82, floating plants 83 are filled in the polyethylene net 82, and the floating plants 83 are selected from 30-50 cm of pulverous foxtail algae or copper cash grass; an elastic filler 84 is hung below the polyethylene net 82; the ecological floating island 8 is fixed by 3 moso bamboo piles 85 according to a triangular shape, the bottom ends of the moso bamboo piles 85 are inserted into bottom mud 91 of a river channel, the length above the bottom mud 91 is higher than the highest water level of the river channel, and the moso bamboo piles 85 are exposed out of the water surface.
The distribution density of the ecological floating island 8 is such that the coverage of the ecological floating island 8 reaches 30-50% of the water surface area. According to the pollution degree of the river channel, the distribution density of the ecological floating island 8 can be increased or decreased.
(4) After the aeration device and the ecological floating island 8 are arranged, after the water level is recovered, emergent aquatic plants 10 are planted on the constructed bank slope, the sewage is purified in the flowing process, and pollutants are eliminated in situ; the emergent aquatic plant 10 is one or more of reed, cattail and canna.
(5) After the arrangement of the restoration engineering facilities is finished, the micro-pore aeration equipment is operated to oxygenate the water body and protect the ecological floating island 8 and emergent aquatic plants 10.
When the equipment is operated, a microbial agent can be sprayed to assist in adjusting the water quality according to the pollution condition of a river channel, bioactive liquid and EM concentrated liquid containing flora such as photosynthetic bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrobacteria can be selected and purchased from the market according to the water quality condition, and the water quality can be adjusted by treatment according to the using dosage specification of the product.
The specific application example of the invention is as follows: in 2014-2016, the method is applied to the treatment engineering of more than ten river channels in Jiaxing city of Zhejiang. According to the monitoring data of 2016 (5-10 months) months, the black and odorous water body is eliminated and the COD of the water body is reducedMn、TP、NH4the-N reaches the standard of surface water III-IV, the dissolved oxygen DO is increased by 150-300%, and the water quality is fundamentally improved.
The invention realizes the in-situ treatment and restoration of the bottom mud of the river channel, reduces the complicated projects of dredging the river channel and the like, improves the pollutant removal efficiency to a certain extent, and is a black and odorous river channel treatment integral technology which has low project investment and quick effect and is suitable for wide popularization and application.
Claims (10)
1. A river course in-situ purification and ecological restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) in-situ treatment of bottom mud:
pumping the river water of the river section to be treated, exposing the bottom mud for several days, covering clay on the bottom mud after exposure, turning over the bottom mud and continuing to expose for several days, building bank slopes along two sides of the river bank by the exposed bottom mud, and enabling the tops of the bank slopes to be flush with the water surface;
(2) arranging an aeration device:
laying microporous aeration equipment on the bottom layer of the river channel, wherein the microporous aeration equipment comprises an aerator, an aeration main pipe, aeration branch pipes and an aeration head; the aerator and the aeration main pipe are arranged on the inner side of the river channel, and the aerator supplies air to the aeration main pipe through the vent pipe; the aeration main pipe is provided with three-way pipes at intervals, the aeration main pipe is connected with aeration branch pipes through the three-way pipes, and the aeration branch pipes are connected with aeration heads and used for increasing oxygen into the river;
(3) laying an ecological floating island:
laying an ecological floating island on the water surface of the river channel;
the ecological floating island comprises a floating bed, floating plants and elastic fillers; the floating bed is formed by covering a net on a frame, floating plants are placed on the net, and elastic fillers are hung below the net and used for hanging biological films; the ecological floating island is fixed on the water surface through the moso bamboo piles and is alternately arranged with the aeration heads;
(4) after the aeration device and the ecological floating island are arranged, after the water level is recovered, and after the water level is recovered, emergent aquatic plants are planted on the constructed bank slope;
(5) after the restoration engineering facilities are laid, the micro-pore aeration equipment is operated to oxygenate the water body and protect the ecological floating island and emergent aquatic plants.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), after the river water is drained, the bottom mud is exposed for 7-10 days, the exposed bottom mud is covered with clay with the thickness of 10cm, then the bottom mud is ploughed and exposed for one week, and the exposed bottom mud builds up bank slopes along two sides of the river bank, wherein the slope ratio is 1: 1.5-3, the top of the bank slope is flush with the water surface.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aeration head is composed of a steel bar and a micro-porous aeration hose, the steel bar is made into a base frame of a rectangular structure, and the micro-porous aeration hose is wound thereon to form the aeration head of the rectangular structure.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the aeration head arrangement density is 1/50-100 m2The aeration rate of the aeration head is 15m each3/h。
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ecological floating island is fabricated in a manner that: a hose is adopted to enclose a circular frame, and the diameter of the circular frame is phi 7-10 m; the circular frame is covered with a net, floating plants are filled on the net, and elastic fillers are hung below the net; the ecological floating island is fixed by 3 moso bamboo piles according to a triangular shape, the bottom ends of the moso bamboo piles are inserted into bottom mud of a river channel, and the length above the bottom mud is higher than the highest water level of the river channel, so that the moso bamboo piles are exposed out of the water surface.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the flexible tube is selected from PE or PVC; the net is a polyethylene net.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the ecological floating islands are distributed at a density such that the coverage of the ecological floating islands on the water surface is 30-50% of the area of the water surface.
8. The method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the floating plants are selected from 30-50 cm of Nostoc commune or Aleuritopterus copper.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the emergent aquatic plant is selected from one or more of reed, cattail and canna.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising spraying a microbial agent in the river wastewater to adjust the water quality.
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