RU2343702C1 - Young fish breeding method in warm-water ponds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes preparation of a young fish pond for stocking by means of lime treatment and disk tillage of the pond bottom, filling the pond with water, putting young fish into the pond, breeding young fish, draining the water from the pond, and harvesting young fish. Pond is filled with water with simultaneous application thereto a thin pulp of biological sludge taken from sumps of domestic sewage water treatment plants in quantity of 14-15 m³. Water temperature is 20-24°C; young fish is put into the pond in 3-30 days after the pond has been filled with water; young fish of three types of cyprinid fish is put together into the pond: grass carp, Amur carp and silver carp in the ratio 1:3.3:5, or 1:1.5:2.3 respectively. For stocking the pond with fish there used is either unready 4-day young carp fish, or unready 4-day and ready 20-day young carp fish. Young fish is bred during 75-110 days; pond water temperature during vegetation period is 16-30°C. Liquid pulp of biological sludge taken from sumps of domestic sewage water treatment plants in quantity of 14-15 m³ is applied twice more during vegetation period.

EFFECT: possibility of young fish breeding in cold-water fish-breeding areas.

2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to obtain planting stock of cyprinids in fry ponds of warm-water farms.

A known method of growing juveniles of cyprinids grown for continuous technology in fry ponds of the VI-VII fish farming zone, including preparing a bed of fry ponds for stocking by carrying out agrotechnical measures, fertilizing the ponds, filling them with water, separate landing of fish larvae in ponds by species for 4- 5 days after filling, rearing juveniles for 20-30 days using artificial feed, discharging water from ponds and catching juvenile fish weighing 0.3-1.0 g (Magomaev F.M., Magomedov G.A., Bekin A.G., Ber S.B., Akhmaev E.A. Reko changes in the growth of carp larvae and herbivorous fish in the conditions of Dagestan. - M .: VNIIPRKh, 1993. - 22 s).

The disadvantage of this method is that according to this technology, fish cultivation can be carried out only in the VI-VII zones of fish farming, fish are grown in polyculture using artificial feed.

The closest in technical essence is the method of growing juvenile cyprinid fish, including preparing the bed of fry ponds for stocking by means of agrotechnical measures, applying organic and mineral fertilizers, filling them with water, separate planting of fish larvae in ponds by species on days 4-5 after filling ponds with water, rearing juveniles for 20-30 days, discharging water from ponds and catching juvenile fish weighing 0.3-1.0 g (SU copyright certificate No. 1237135 A1, Mcl ⁵ A01K 61/02. Method of growing fish // A.G. Bekin, V.K. Vinogra s, V.D.Stepanov USSR -. Bulletin №22 // Discoveries Inventions -... 1986. - №22).

The disadvantages of the described method include:

- the use of organic and mineral fertilizers;

- regular feeding of fish with artificial feed;

- the cultivation of each type of fish in a separate pond;

- the ability to cultivate fish only in the VI-VII zones of fish farming, i.e. in areas with a warm climate.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the rearing of cyprinid fry in polyculture without the use of artificial feed, regardless of the climatic conditions of fish farming zones using heated effluent from thermal power plants.

The task is carried out by preparing the fry pond for stocking, while the bed of the pond is lime, and then disking, fill with water, launch fish larvae, grow them during the growing season, discharge water from the pond and catch the young fish, according to the invention, filling the pond water is carried out simultaneously with the introduction of liquid sludge of activated sludge from the sumps of sewage treatment plants in the amount of 14-15 m ³ / ha, while the water temperature is 20-24 ° C, the larvae are planted carried out on 3-30 days after filling the ponds, the larvae of three species of carp fish are simultaneously used as planting material: grass carp, Amur carp, motley carp in a ratio of 1: 3.3: 5, or 1: 1.5: 2.3 moreover, for the stocking of the pond, either unforgiven 4-day-old larvae of cyprinid fish, or unforgiven 4-day-old white carp and spotted silver carp and bred 20-day-old larvae of Amur carp, are used, while juveniles are grown in fry ponds without feeding for 75-110 days at temperament e water 16-30 ° C and 1-2 with a one-time introduction of liquid into the pond sludge settling of the activated sludge treatment plant of domestic wastewater in an amount of 14-15 m ³ / ha.

New in the invention is:

- filling the pond with water with a temperature of 20-24 ° C is carried out from cooling water reservoirs of thermal power plants simultaneously with the introduction of liquid sludge from the activated sludge from the settling tanks of domestic wastewater treatment plants in an amount of 14-15 m ³ ;

- landing of larvae is carried out on 3-30 days after filling the pond;

- as objects of polyculture, the larvae of three species of cyprinid fish are used: grass carp, Amur carp, and colorful silver carp in a ratio of 1: 3.3: 5, or 1: 1.5: 2.3;

- for stocking a pond, either unforgiven 4-day-old larvae of cyprinid fish, or unforgiven 4-day-old and bred 20-day-old larvae of cyprinid fish are used;

- rearing of juveniles in a fry pond is carried out without artificial feed;

- rearing of juveniles in a fry pond is carried out for 75-110 days at a water temperature of 16-30 ° C and constant feed of the pond with water from a cooling pond with a high water temperature, with 1-2 times the introduction of activated sludge from the sludge from the sludge from the sumps sewage treatment plants in the amount of 14-15 m ³ / ha.

Thus, the claimed invention meets the criteria of the invention of "Novelty" and "Inventive step", as it is not recognized as follows for a specialist explicitly from the prior art.

The proposed solution meets the criteria of the invention “industrially applicable”, since this technology is currently cultivating juveniles of cyprinids in the warm water economy of Primorye.

The invention consists in the following:

For the cultivation of fish, fry ponds with an area of 0.2 to 0.7 ha with an average depth of 1.0-1.2 m are used, which are prepared for stocking by adding slaked lime at the rate of 300 kg / ha for mineralization of organics, followed by disking. After that, the ponds are filled with water with a temperature of 20-24 ° C. Water is supplied through a pipeline using an electric pump from a pond-cooler. Ponds are filled in one day. At the same time as the ponds are poured in the water supply area, liquid slurry of activated sludge from the settling tanks of sewage treatment plants is introduced into the ponds. Pulp is a mixture of water and activated sludge particles, contains various organisms of zooplankton, as well as their eggs. Pulp of activated sludge is an organic fertilizer, a source of uterine culture of zooplankton and stimulates the development of the natural food base of the pond. The ratio of activated sludge and water from sedimentation tanks containing zooplankton organisms and their eggs is 1: 5. The selection, transportation and introduction of activated sludge pulp was carried out by a 3 m ³ tank truck with a vacuum pump. The pulp application rate was 14-15 m ³ / ha and was previously determined experimentally.

Filling the ponds with water at the same time as adding liquid slurry of activated sludge from the sumps of the sewage treatment plants to create a natural forage base for feeding cyprinids throughout the growing season without the use of other fertilizers and artificial feed. The amount (14-15 m ³ ) of liquid sludge of activated sludge introduced from the settling tanks of domestic wastewater treatment plants was determined experimentally and this amount is enough to develop a natural forage base for feeding cyprinids within one month. Throughout the growing season, pulp is brought into the ponds every 30 days to maintain the food supply.

Larvae are planted 3–30 days after filling the ponds; larvae of three species of cyprinid fish are simultaneously used as planting material: grass carp, Amur carp, and silver carp in a ratio of 1: 3.3: 5, or 1: 1.5: 2 , 3. The use of larvae of three species of cyprinid fish as a planting material simultaneously in one pond: grass carp, Amur carp, and silver carp in a ratio of 1: 3.3: 5, or 1: 1.5: 2.3 allows the fullest possible use of the pond base .

For stocking the pond, either unforgiven 4-day-old larvae of cyprinid fish, or unforgiven 4-day-old grass carp and spotted silver carp and bred 20-day-old larvae of Amur carp are used.

The use of unforgiven 4-day-old larvae of carp fish: Amur carp, grass carp and spotted silver carp in a ratio of 1: 3.3: 5 allows you to get a large amount of planting material of carp fish weighing 1-2 g for 75 days with a total fish productivity of 0.66 t / ha.

The use of unforgiven 4-day-old larvae of Amur carp, bred 20-day-old larvae of Amur carp and unforgiven 4-day-old larvae of variegated silver carp in a ratio of 1: 1.5: 2.3 for 110 days allows obtaining larger planting stock with a total fish productivity of about 1 , 1 t / ha.

Growing of juveniles in fry ponds is carried out at a water temperature of 20-30 ° C in the summer period and its decrease to 16-18 ° C by autumn, without feeding for 75-110 days and with 1-2 single application of activated sludge liquid pulp into the pond from sedimentation tanks of sewage treatment plants in the amount of 14-15 m ³ / ha.

The survival rate of juvenile Amur carp from unforgiven larvae is 20%, yearlings of grass carp 42%, and yearlings of variegated silver carp 63%. Fish productivity is 0.12 t / ha, 0.14 t / ha and 0.4 t / ha, respectively. The average weight of fish is 1-2 g (table 1).

The survival rate of juveniles of the Amur carp from bred larvae is 17%, the weight of fish is 10 g, and fish productivity is 0.44 t / ha. The survival rate of the grass carp yearlings from unforgiven larvae is 22%, weight 7 g, fish productivity 0.21 t / ha, juvenile silver carp yearlings 26%, 4.5 g, and 0.43 t / ha, respectively (table 2).

The efficiency of growing fry of cyprinids in warm fry ponds increases due to the lack of costs for organic, mineral fertilizers and feed, is associated with an increase in the fish productivity of the cooling pond up to 0.3 t / ha as a result of its stocking with cyprinids and an increase in the profitability of the thermal power plant in as a result of biological reclamation of the reservoir-cooler by herbivorous fish.

Examples of specific performance.

Example No. 1.

Fishery ponds with an area of 0.2 to 0.7 hectares with an average depth of 1.2 m were used for fish cultivation. Preliminarily, slaked lime was added to the bed of ponds at the rate of 300 kg / ha for mineralization of organics.

Before filling the ponds, they made disking of their bed using the attachment of the T-25 tractor. Fishery catchers 3 m long from nylon sieve No. 8 were installed on the water supply pipes to prevent the larvae of predatory and low-value fish species from entering the ponds.

Water with a temperature of 24 ° C was supplied through the pipeline using an electric pump from the reservoir-cooler of the Primorskaya GRES. Ponds were filled in one day. At the same time as the ponds were poured with water in the water supply area, they introduced into the pond liquid sludge of activated sludge from the sumps of the sewage treatment plants of municipal wastewater of the urban-type settlement in the amount of 14 m ³ / ha. Pulp is a mixture of water and activated sludge particles, contains various organisms of zooplankton, as well as their eggs. Pulp of activated sludge is an organic fertilizer, a source of uterine culture of zooplankton and stimulates the development of the natural food base of the pond. The ratio of activated sludge and water from sedimentation tanks containing zooplankton organisms and their eggs is 1: 5. The selection, transportation and introduction of activated sludge pulp was carried out by a 3 m ³ tank truck with a vacuum pump.

The ponds swam in the third decade of June, three days after filling with water. For stocking, unforgiven 4-day-old larvae of herbivorous fish and Amur carp were used. The planting density of unforgiven Amur white carp larvae amounted to 160 thousand units / ha, unforgiven Amur carp larvae 530 thousand units / ha, unforgiven larvae of variegated silver carp 800 thousand units / ha.

Throughout the cultivation period, ponds were fed with water from a cooling pond in a volume of 2-3 l / s / ha through fish harvesters.

Additional introduction of activated sludge pulp into the ponds at a rate of 15 m ³ / ha was made 1 more time during the growing season 30 days after the ponds were stocked up after depletion of the natural forage base. The natural forage base of the ponds was represented by more than 300 species of microalgae with a predominance of green, blue-green and diatoms up to 6 million cells / l, 25 species of rotifers, 20 species of branched and copepod crustaceans up to 6. 5 mg / l, larvae of mosquitoes, caddis flies and mayflies. It provided the nutritional needs of the larvae and juveniles of cyprinids, their growth and survival during the growing season. A month later, soft underwater vegetation developed in the pond, which was mainly represented by various species of nesting, thread, urut, hydrilla, mollusk, which were fed by grass carp.

Fish cultivation in fry ponds was carried out at a water temperature of 24-30 ° C in the summer and its decrease to 18 ° C by autumn. Ponds were drained and fish were caught in the first ten days of September. The growing season of juvenile rearing was 75 days.

The survival rate of juvenile Amur carp from unforgiven larvae was 20%, yearlings of grass carp 42%, and yearlings of variegated silver carp 63%. Fish productivity is 0.12 t / ha, 0.14 t / ha and 0.4 t / ha, respectively. The average weight of fish is 1-2 g (table 1).

Example No. 2.

Cultivation of juvenile fish was carried out analogously to example No. 1, however, planted 20-day-old larvae of the Amur carp were planted with planting density of 250 thousand pieces / ha; they were stocked in early June, three days after the ponds were flooded. 30 days after the ponds were stocked with Amur carp, in early July they released unforgiven grass carp larvae in the amount of 165 thousand pieces / ha and unforgiven colorful carp silver larvae in the amount of 380 thousand pieces / ha.

An additional application of activated sludge in the amount of 15 m ³ / ha was made twice a season 30 and 60 days after stocking by the common larvae of carp. The development and species composition of the natural forage base in ponds are close to the data in example 1.

Larvae and juvenile fish were cultured at a water temperature of 20 ° С at the beginning of the season, 24-30 ° С in the summer, and lowering to 16 ° С by autumn. The growing season for juvenile rearing was 110 days; ponds were drained and fish were caught in the second half of September.

Table 1
The results of growing juvenile fish in warm ponds (example 1) Fish species Planting Material Age Planting density, thousand units / ha Weight by autumn, g Yield to fall,% Pond fish productivity, t / ha White amur unforgiven larvae 160 2.0 twenty 0.12 Amur carp unforgiven larvae 530 1.3 42 0.14 Motley silver carp unforgiven larvae 800 1,0 63 0.40

table 2
The results of growing juvenile fish in warm ponds (example 2) Fish species Planting Material Age Planting density, thousand units / ha Weight by autumn, g Yield to fall,% Pond fish productivity, t / ha White amur unforgiven larvae 165 7.0 22 0.21 Amur carp bred larvae 250 10.0 17 0.44 Motley silver carp unforgiven larvae 380 4,5 26 0.43

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating juvenile fish in warm ponds, including preparing the fry pond for stocking by liming and disking the pond bed, filling it with water, planting fish larvae, raising them, dumping water from the pond and catching the young fish, characterized in that the pond is filled with water at the same time with the introduction of liquid sludge of activated sludge from the sumps of sewage treatment plants in the amount of 14-15 m ³ , while the water temperature is 20-24 ° C, the larvae are planted 3-30 days after filling pond, as planting material, larvae of three species of cyprinid fish are simultaneously used: grass carp, Amur carp, and silver carp in the ratio of 1: 3.3: 5 or 1: 1.5: 2.3, respectively, and for the stocking of the pond, either unforgiven 4 day old cyprinid larvae, or unforgiven 4 day old and bred 20 day old cyprinid larvae, while juveniles are grown for 75-110 days, the water temperature in the pond during the growing season is 16-30 ° С, and liquid pulp of activated sludge from sedimentation tanks Domestic sewage facilities in the amount of 14-15 m ³ are added twice more during the growing season.