CN102106326B - Method for three-dimensional and artificial seedlings cultivation of perinereis aibuhitensis - Google Patents

Method for three-dimensional and artificial seedlings cultivation of perinereis aibuhitensis Download PDF

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CN102106326B
CN102106326B CN2011100492267A CN201110049226A CN102106326B CN 102106326 B CN102106326 B CN 102106326B CN 2011100492267 A CN2011100492267 A CN 2011100492267A CN 201110049226 A CN201110049226 A CN 201110049226A CN 102106326 B CN102106326 B CN 102106326B
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吕富
黄金田
吕林兰
赵卫红
於叶兵
王爱民
朱世明
崔恒庆
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Yangcheng Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种双齿围沙蚕立体人工育苗的方法,主要包括以下步骤:(1)异沙蚕捞取和消毒;(2)产卵、孵化和浮游幼虫培育;(3)底栖幼虫立体培养;(4)出苗。其关键措施是将4刚节中后期疣足幼虫移入聚乙烯水槽中立体培养,并且采用流水培养,使用适量混合单细胞藻、EM菌和多种人工饵料。以上措施降低了幼虫的密度,减少了个体间的互残,保证了各期幼虫的营养需求和良好稳定的水质环境,极大地提高了幼虫的成活率,从受精卵培育至体长1cm规格沙蚕苗种的育成率达到42.3%,单位面积的苗产量提高到11.4×104尾/m2,均较现有育苗模式大幅提高。并且该方法操作方便,避免了冲沙赶苗对苗种的损伤,且利于苗种长途运输和播撒。The invention discloses a method for three-dimensional artificial seedling cultivation of clam worm with double teeth, which mainly includes the following steps: (1) picking and disinfecting clam worm; (2) laying eggs, hatching and cultivating planktonic larvae; (3) benthic larvae Three-dimensional culture; (4) emergence. The key measure is to move the larvae in the middle and late stages of the 4th ganglion into a polyethylene water tank for three-dimensional culture, and adopt running water culture, using a proper amount of mixed single-cell algae, EM bacteria and various artificial baits. The above measures reduce the density of larvae, reduce the mutual destruction between individuals, ensure the nutritional needs of larvae at each stage and a good and stable water quality environment, and greatly improve the survival rate of larvae. From fertilized eggs to 1cm-long sand The breeding rate of silkworm seedlings reaches 42.3%, and the seedling yield per unit area increases to 11.4×10 4 tails/m 2 , both of which are greatly improved compared with the existing seedling raising mode. Moreover, the method is easy to operate, avoids the damage to the seedlings by washing sand and driving the seedlings, and is beneficial to long-distance transportation and sowing of the seedlings.

Description

一种双齿围沙蚕立体人工育苗的方法A method for three-dimensional artificial seedling cultivation of clam worm

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种双齿围沙蚕立体人工育苗的方法,属于水产苗种繁育技术领域。The invention relates to a method for three-dimensional artificial seedling cultivation of clam worms, belonging to the technical field of aquatic seed breeding.

背景技术 Background technique

双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)在动物学分类上隶属于沙蚕科(Nereididae),围沙蚕属(Perinereis),俗称海蜈蚣、海蚂蝗等,主要分布在我国,是我国80多种沙蚕中生物资源量最大的一种,我国沿海从南到北的中高潮海滩都有分布,是潮间带多毛类生态类型的主要代表和优势种类,也是我国人工养殖和出口创汇的最主要种类。双齿围沙蚕营养丰富,干品中的粗蛋白含量超过50%,高者可达65%以上,并且富含多不饱和脂肪酸、矿质元素、维生素及多种功能活性物质。因而其在食用、医疗保健、水产养殖及垂钓等方面具有重要的用途,国内外市场需求量非常大,自然资源远远无法满足市场的需求,常常出现有价无货,供不应求的情况。我国在上世纪70年代末就开始进行双齿围沙蚕的研究,目前已就其形态结构、生活习性、生态分布、性腺发育、生活史和胚胎发育等许多方面进行了大量的基础研究,并在人工育苗、增养殖以及药用和医疗保健等方面开展了大量的应用研究。Perinereis aibuhitensis belongs to Nereididae (Nereididae) in zoological classification, Perinereis (Perinereis), commonly known as sea centipede, sea leech, etc., is mainly distributed in my country, and is one of more than 80 species in China. The clamworm has the largest amount of biological resources. It is distributed in the middle and high tide beaches from south to north in my country's coastal areas. It is the main representative and dominant species of polychaetes in the intertidal zone, and it is also the most important source of artificial breeding and export earnings in my country. type. The clam worm is rich in nutrition, the crude protein content in the dry product is more than 50%, the highest can reach more than 65%, and it is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, mineral elements, vitamins and various functional active substances. Therefore, it has important uses in food, medical care, aquaculture, fishing, etc. The demand in domestic and foreign markets is very large, and natural resources are far from meeting the needs of the market. In the late 1970s, our country began to study the nereis didentate. At present, a large number of basic researches have been carried out on its morphological structure, living habits, ecological distribution, gonad development, life history and embryonic development. A large number of applied researches have been carried out in artificial breeding, breeding, medicinal and medical care.

为了满足国内外市场的需求,早在上世纪80年代我国沿海一些渔民就利用自然繁育的苗种开展小规模的人工养殖,近年来,一些科研院所的学者加大了双齿围沙蚕人工育苗研究的力度,取得了丰硕的研究成果,工厂化人工育苗单位面积的苗产量从最初不到1万尾/m2大幅提高到5万尾/m2,偶尔可超过10万尾/m2。尽管如此,迄今我国双齿围沙蚕的苗产量仍然远远不能满足养殖生产的需求,成为制约双齿围沙蚕人工养殖业发展的瓶颈。究其原因,这主要与双齿围沙蚕各期幼虫的生活习性相关。刚孵化出膜的幼虫为3刚节疣足幼虫,营浮游生活,发育至4刚节疣足幼虫末期逐渐开始底栖,至5刚节疣足幼虫末期时全部底栖。从而使浮游时的正常密度转变成底栖时的超高密度,导致大批幼虫因密度过高死亡。现有的育苗模式从受精卵繁育到体长1cm苗种的育成率低,且成本高、苗产量低。本发明从4刚节中后期疣足幼虫开始采取立体育苗技术,在不扩建室内育苗池的情况下,有效扩大幼虫的底栖面积,同时优化育苗条件提高各期幼虫的存活率,从而提高育成率和单位体积育苗池的出苗量。In order to meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets, as early as the 1980s, some fishermen along the coast of China used the naturally bred seedlings to carry out small-scale artificial breeding. The intensity of seedling breeding research has achieved fruitful research results. The seedling output per unit area of industrialized artificial seedling cultivation has greatly increased from less than 10,000/m 2 at the beginning to 50,000/m 2 , and occasionally more than 100,000/m 2 . Nevertheless, so far the seedling output of C. bidentaensis in my country is still far from meeting the needs of aquaculture production, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of C. bidentaensis artificial breeding industry. Tracing it to its cause, this is mainly related to the living habits of the larvae of each stage of the clam worm. The larvae that have just hatched out of the membrane are 3-segmented larvae, and they live in planktonic life. They gradually start to live on the bottom when they develop to the end stage of 4-segmented larvae, and they are all benthic at the end of 5-segmented larvae. As a result, the normal density when planktonic turns into an ultra-high density when benthic, resulting in the death of a large number of larvae due to excessive density. The existing seedling raising mode has low breeding rate from fertilized eggs to seedlings with a body length of 1 cm, and has high cost and low seedling yield. The present invention adopts the three-dimensional seedling technology starting from the 4th stage verrucopoda larvae, effectively expands the benthic area of the larvae without expanding the indoor seedling pond, optimizes the seedling raising conditions at the same time, improves the survival rate of the larvae at each stage, thereby improving the growth rate rate and the emergence of seedlings per unit volume of nursery ponds.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处,提供一种双齿围沙蚕立体育苗方法,在不扩建室内水泥育苗池的情况下,有效扩大幼虫的底栖面积,同时优化育苗条件提高各期幼虫的存活率和生长速度,从而提高育成率和苗产量,为双齿围沙蚕的大规模人工养殖提供充足的优质苗种。The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a method for vertically growing seedlings of the double-toothed clamworm, which can effectively expand the benthic area of the larvae without expanding the indoor cement seedling pond, and optimize the seedling raising conditions at the same time. The survival rate and growth rate of the larvae at each stage can be improved, thereby improving the breeding rate and seedling yield, and providing sufficient high-quality seedlings for the large-scale artificial breeding of the clam worm.

本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为:一种双齿围沙蚕立体人工育苗方法,包含以下步骤:(1)异沙蚕捞取和消毒;(2)产卵、孵化和浮游幼虫培育;(3)底栖幼虫立体培养;(4)出苗。The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is: a method for three-dimensional artificial seedling cultivation of the double-toothed clam worm, comprising the following steps: (1) picking and disinfecting the different clam worms; (2) laying eggs, hatching and cultivating planktonic larvae; (3) Three-dimensional culture of benthic larvae; (4) Emergence.

所述步骤(1)中消毒的做法为:将异沙蚕放入含甲醛200ppm的消毒海水中,让其自由游动2~3min后,再捞起放入消毒海水中洗去残留的甲醛。The method of disinfection in the step (1) is as follows: put the clam worm into sterilized seawater containing 200ppm formaldehyde, let it swim freely for 2-3 minutes, then scoop it up and put it into sterilized seawater to wash away the residual formaldehyde.

所述步骤(2)操作如下:a、将消毒的雌雄异沙蚕按3∶1的比例放入产卵池,密度3~5条/L,不间断适量充气,待产卵排精后,捞去异沙蚕,收集受精卵;b、将受精卵放入孵化池内,受精卵初始密度3~4×104粒/L,孵化期间不间断充气,水面呈沸腾状,使受精卵悬浮于水中;c、幼虫孵化出膜后,减少气量,水面有米粒大小的气泡为宜,至3刚节疣足幼虫后期开始投喂湛江等鞭金藻和牟氏角毛藻各10×104cell/ml,EM菌5~15×108cell/ml,一直培育至4刚节疣足幼虫中后期。受精卵孵化期间每天加水5~10%,3、4刚节疣足幼虫期间每天换水10~20%。The operation of the step (2) is as follows: a. Put the sterilized dioecious lugworm into the spawning pool at a ratio of 3:1, with a density of 3 to 5/L, inflate in an appropriate amount without interruption, and after laying eggs and ejaculating, Remove the clamworm and collect the fertilized eggs; b. Put the fertilized eggs into the hatching tank, the initial density of the fertilized eggs is 3-4× 104 grains/L, inflate continuously during the hatching, and the water surface is boiling, so that the fertilized eggs are suspended in the In water; c. After the larvae hatch and emerge from the membrane, reduce the air volume. It is advisable that there are air bubbles the size of rice grains on the water surface. At the late stage of the 3rd, the larvae start to feed 10 × 10 4 cells of Isoflagellate Zhanjiang and Chaetoceros moubii /ml, EM bacteria at 5-15×10 8 cell/ml, and cultivated until the middle and late stages of 4-gangpodia larvae. Add 5 to 10% of water every day during the hatching of fertilized eggs, and change 10 to 20% of the water every day during the period of 3 and 4 larvae.

所述步骤(3)的做法是将4刚节中后期疣足幼虫移入聚乙烯水槽中立体培养。水槽规格80cm×50cm×20cm,在50cm面一侧的上端有进水孔,另一侧的下端有出水孔,出水孔的外口套软管,内口包200目筛绢。槽底铺设厚度1.0~1.5cm经煮沸消毒的100目泥沙。幼虫移入密度为20~30尾/em2,采用流水培育,每槽的水流量为5~8L/h。幼虫未完全底栖时水位高度15cm;完全底栖后,水位高度10cm左右,每天7:00时和19:00时将水排净并干露1h。饵料单细胞藻的种类和数量同步骤(2),EM菌15~25×108cell/ml,同时每天增投适量人工饵料。体长2mm以内幼虫增喂经200目筛绢过滤的虾片和熟豆浆,百万尾幼虫每天投喂虾片0.5~2.0g和2~5g干大豆做成的豆浆;体长超过2mm的幼虫增投鱼粉、螺旋藻粉和豆粕粉(三者之比为3∶3∶4),以百万尾幼虫计,每天投喂量分别为:幼虫体长2~4mm时为5~15g、4~6mm时为15~30g、6~8mm时为30~60g、8~10mm时为60~110g、10~12mm时为110~180g。该步骤采用的立体培养是将上述水槽搁置在支架上,从上至下可搁置多层,每层若干个水槽。同层的若干个水槽通过进水总管供水和供饵,进水总管中装有进气管和气石可保证溶氧,并避免人工饵料在管道中沉积,使其在水中均匀分布。同层的若干个水槽的排水软管用总管连接,通过调节排水总管的高度控制水槽中的水位。排出的水在室外水泥池中经水中残留单细胞藻和EM菌处理1~3天,并更换5~20%的新鲜海水,可作为育苗水循环使用。The method of the step (3) is to move the larvae of the 4th ganglion in the middle and late period to three-dimensional culture in a polyethylene water tank. The size of the sink is 80cm×50cm×20cm. There is a water inlet hole at the upper end of one side of the 50cm surface, and a water outlet hole at the lower end of the other side. The outer mouth of the water outlet hole is covered with a hose, and the inner mouth is covered with 200 mesh sieve silk. Boiled and sterilized 100-mesh sediment with a thickness of 1.0-1.5 cm is laid on the bottom of the tank. The density of larvae transplantation is 20-30 tails/cm 2 , and they are cultivated in running water. The water flow rate of each tank is 5-8L/h. When the larvae are not fully benthic, the water level is 15cm; after the larvae are fully benthic, the water level is about 10cm, and the water is drained and dewed for 1 hour at 7:00 and 19:00 every day. The type and quantity of unicellular algae as bait are the same as in step (2), EM bacteria are 15-25×10 8 cell/ml, and an appropriate amount of artificial bait is added every day. Larvae with a body length of less than 2 mm are fed with shrimp chips and cooked soybean milk filtered through a 200-mesh sieve, and millions of larvae are fed with 0.5-2.0 g of shrimp chips and soybean milk made of 2-5 g of dry soybeans every day; larvae with a body length of more than 2 mm Add fish meal, spirulina powder and soybean meal powder (the ratio of the three is 3:3:4), and the daily feeding amount is calculated as one million larvae: 5-15g when the larvae are 2-4mm in length, 4 15-30g for ~6mm, 30-60g for 6-8mm, 60-110g for 8-10mm, 110-180g for 10-12mm. The three-dimensional cultivation adopted in this step is to place the above-mentioned water tanks on the support, which can be placed in multiple layers from top to bottom, and each layer has several water tanks. Several water tanks on the same floor are supplied with water and bait through the main water inlet pipe, and the main water inlet pipe is equipped with an air inlet pipe and an air stone to ensure dissolved oxygen, and avoid artificial bait from depositing in the pipe, so that it is evenly distributed in the water. The drainage hoses of several water tanks on the same floor are connected with a main pipe, and the water level in the water tanks is controlled by adjusting the height of the main drainage pipe. The discharged water is treated with residual unicellular algae and EM bacteria in the outdoor cement pool for 1 to 3 days, and 5 to 20% of fresh seawater is replaced, which can be used as seedling water for recycling.

所述步骤(4)中待幼虫体长长至10mm时,即可出苗。出苗时可将苗种和育苗泥沙一起倒扣在100目筛绢制成的网片上,也可连同育苗槽一起运至养殖区。播撒苗种时只需将育苗泥沙掰成小块均匀投放于养殖池中即可。In the step (4), when the larvae grow to 10mm in length, they can emerge. When the seedlings emerge, the seedlings and the seedling silt can be buckled upside down on the mesh made of 100-mesh sieve silk, and can also be transported to the breeding area together with the seedling trough. When sowing seedlings, you only need to break the seedling silt into small pieces and put them evenly in the breeding pond.

以上各步骤的育苗用水均为自然海水经沉淀、沙滤和氯制剂消毒处理,盐度调节至25~27‰,pH7.8~8.3,水温25~32℃。The water used for raising seedlings in the above steps is natural sea water, which is treated with sedimentation, sand filtration and chlorine preparation disinfection. The salinity is adjusted to 25-27‰, pH 7.8-8.3, and water temperature 25-32°C.

本发明与已有技术相比具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1、用含甲醛200ppm的消毒海水对异沙蚕消毒处理2~3min,能有效杀灭附着于异沙蚕体上的原生动物,可避免亲体携带的原生动物对受精卵的危害。受精卵孵化率稳定在85%以上。1. Using sterilized seawater containing 200ppm of formaldehyde to disinfect the Nereis worm for 2 to 3 minutes, which can effectively kill the protozoa attached to the body of the Nereis worm, and prevent the protozoa carried by the parent from harming the fertilized eggs. The hatching rate of fertilized eggs is stable above 85%.

2、将4刚节中后期疣足幼虫移入聚乙烯水槽中立体培养,并且采用流水培养,使用适量混合单细胞藻、EM菌和多种人工饵料。以上措施降低了幼虫的密度,减少了个体间的互残,保证了各期幼虫的营养需求和良好稳定的水质环境,极大地提高了幼虫的成活率,从受精卵培育至体长1cm规格沙蚕苗种的育成率达到42.3%,单位面积的苗产量提高到11.4×104尾/m2,均较现有育苗模式大幅提高。2. Move the verrucopoda larvae in the middle and late stages of the 4th ganglion into a polyethylene water tank for three-dimensional culture, and adopt running water for three-dimensional culture, and use an appropriate amount of mixed single-cell algae, EM bacteria and various artificial baits. The above measures reduce the density of larvae, reduce the mutual destruction between individuals, ensure the nutritional needs of larvae at each stage and a good and stable water quality environment, and greatly improve the survival rate of larvae. From fertilized eggs to 1cm-long sand The breeding rate of silkworm seedlings reaches 42.3%, and the seedling yield per unit area increases to 11.4×10 4 tails/m 2 , both of which are greatly improved compared with the existing seedling raising mode.

3、采用本育苗方法操作方便,人工饵料投撒均匀,并且可节约用水,减少环境污染。3. The method of raising seedlings is easy to operate, the artificial bait is evenly distributed, and it can save water and reduce environmental pollution.

4、采用本育苗方法,当苗种规格达到要求时可直接出苗,避免了冲沙赶苗对苗种的损伤,且利于苗种长途运输和均匀播撒。4. With this seedling raising method, seedlings can emerge directly when the specifications meet the requirements, which avoids damage to seedlings caused by sand washing and rushing seedlings, and is conducive to long-distance transportation and uniform spreading of seedlings.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述:The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment:

1、育苗前期准备:包括育苗设施清洗消毒,育苗用水沉淀、过滤、消毒和盐度调配,单细胞藻培养,增氧泵和水泵调试等。1. Preliminary preparations for seedling cultivation: including cleaning and disinfection of seedling cultivation facilities, water precipitation, filtration, disinfection and salinity adjustment for seedling cultivation, single-cell algae cultivation, aeration pump and water pump debugging, etc.

2、异沙蚕捞取和消毒:在双齿围沙蚕性成熟高峰期用捞网捞取个体较大的异沙蚕,置于含甲醛200ppm的消毒海水中,让其自由游动2~3min后,再捞起放入消毒海水中洗去残留的甲醛。2. Fishing and disinfection of Nereis worm: During the peak sexual maturity of Nereis bidentata, a larger individual Nereis worm was caught with a net, placed in sterilized seawater containing 200ppm of formaldehyde, and allowed to swim freely for 2 to 3 minutes. , Then scoop it up and put it in sterilized seawater to wash away the residual formaldehyde.

3、产卵、孵化和浮游幼虫培育:a、将消毒的雌雄异沙蚕按3∶1的比例放入产卵池,密度3~5条/L,不间断适量充气,待产卵排精后,捞去异沙蚕,收集受精卵;b、将受精卵放入孵化池内,受精卵初始密度3~4×104粒/L,孵化期间不间断充气,水面呈沸腾状,使受精卵悬浮于水中;c、幼虫孵化出膜后,减少气量,水面有米粒大小的气泡为宜,至3刚节疣足幼虫后期开始投喂湛江等鞭金藻和牟氏角毛藻各10×104cell/ml,EM菌5~15×108cell/ml,一直培育至4刚节疣足幼虫中后期。受精卵孵化期间每天加水5~10%,3、4刚节疣足幼虫期间每天换水10~20%。3. Oviposition, hatching, and planktonic larvae cultivation: a. Put the sterilized dioecious clamworms into the spawning pool at a ratio of 3:1, with a density of 3 to 5 worms/L, and inflate them in an appropriate amount without interruption, and wait for the oviposition to ejaculate Finally, remove the different clam worms and collect the fertilized eggs; b, put the fertilized eggs into the hatching tank, the initial density of the fertilized eggs is 3-4× 104 grains/L, inflate continuously during the hatching, and the water surface is boiling, so that the fertilized eggs Suspended in water; c. After the larvae hatch and leave the membrane, reduce the air volume. It is advisable to have air bubbles the size of rice grains on the water surface, and start feeding 10×10 dinoflagellates Zhanjiang et al. 4 cell/ml, EM bacteria 5-15×10 8 cell/ml, cultivated until the middle and late stages of the 4-gangpod larvae. Add 5 to 10% of water every day during the hatching of fertilized eggs, and change 10 to 20% of the water every day during the period of 3 and 4 larvae.

4、底栖幼虫立体培养:在规格80cm×50cm×20cm的聚乙烯水槽中铺设厚度1.5cm经煮沸消毒的100目泥沙,用200目筛绢包住水槽出水管内口,将4刚节中后期疣足幼虫移入水槽中,幼虫移入密度为20~30尾/cm2,采用流水培育,每槽的水流量为5~8L/h。幼虫未完全底栖时水位高度15cm;完全底栖后,水位高度10cm左右,每天7:00时和19:00时将水排净并干露1h。饵料单细胞藻为湛江等鞭金藻和牟氏角毛藻各10×104cell/ml,EM菌15~25×108cell/ml,同时每天增投适量人工饵料。体长2mm以内幼虫增喂经200目筛绢过滤的虾片和熟豆浆,百万尾幼虫每天投喂虾片0.5~2.0g和2~5g干大豆做成的豆浆;体长超过2mm的幼虫增投鱼粉、螺旋藻粉和豆粕粉(三者之比为3∶3∶4),以百万尾幼虫计,每天投喂量分别为:幼虫体长2~4mm时为5~15g、4~6mm时为15~30g、6~8mm时为30~60g、8~10mm时为60~110g、10~12mm时为110~180g。4. Three-dimensional cultivation of benthic larvae: Lay 100-mesh sediment with a thickness of 1.5 cm in a polyethylene water tank with a size of 80 cm × 50 cm × 20 cm, and wrap the inner mouth of the water outlet pipe of the tank with 200-mesh sieve silk. In the later stage, the verrucopoda larvae are moved into the water tank at a density of 20-30 larvae/cm 2 . They are cultivated in flowing water, and the water flow rate of each tank is 5-8 L/h. When the larvae are not fully benthic, the water level is 15cm; after the larvae are fully benthic, the water level is about 10cm, and the water is drained and dewed for 1 hour at 7:00 and 19:00 every day. The unicellular algae used as bait were Isoflagellates zhanjiang and Chaetoceros mourophyllum at 10×10 4 cell/ml each, and EM bacteria at 15-25×10 8 cell/ml, and an appropriate amount of artificial bait was added every day. Larvae with a body length of less than 2 mm are fed with shrimp chips and cooked soybean milk filtered through a 200-mesh sieve, and millions of larvae are fed with 0.5-2.0 g of shrimp chips and soybean milk made of 2-5 g of dry soybeans every day; larvae with a body length of more than 2 mm Add fish meal, spirulina powder and soybean meal powder (the ratio of the three is 3:3:4), and the daily feeding amount is calculated as one million larvae: 5-15g when the larvae are 2-4mm in length, 4 15-30g for ~6mm, 30-60g for 6-8mm, 60-110g for 8-10mm, 110-180g for 10-12mm.

5、出苗:待幼虫体长长至10mm时,即可出苗。出苗时可将苗种和育苗泥沙一起倒扣在100目筛绢制成的网片上,也可连同育苗槽一起运至养殖区。播撒苗种时只需将育苗泥沙掰成小块均匀投放于养殖池中即可。5. Emergence: Seedlings can emerge when the larvae grow to 10 mm in length. When the seedlings emerge, the seedlings and the seedling silt can be buckled upside down on the mesh made of 100-mesh sieve silk, and can also be transported to the breeding area together with the seedling trough. When sowing seedlings, you only need to break the seedling silt into small pieces and put them evenly in the breeding pond.

Claims (6)

1.一种双齿围沙蚕立体人工育苗方法,包含以下步骤:(1)异沙蚕捞取和消毒;(2)产卵、孵化和浮游幼虫培育;(3)底栖幼虫立体培养,所述立体培养是将放养4刚节中后期疣足幼虫的水槽搁置在支架上,从上至下可搁置多层,每层若干个水槽,同层的若干个水槽通过进水总管供水和供饵,进水总管中装有进气管和气石可保证溶氧,并避免人工饵料在管道中沉积,使其在水中均匀分布,同层的若干个水槽的排水软管用总管连接,通过调节排水总管的高度控制水槽中的水位;(4)出苗。1. A method for three-dimensional artificial cultivation of clam worms, comprising the following steps: (1) fishing and disinfection of clam worms; (2) laying eggs, hatching and cultivating planktonic larvae; (3) three-dimensional cultivation of benthic larvae. The above-mentioned three-dimensional culture is to place the water tanks for stocking 4-gang mid-to-late verrucopedia larvae on the support, and multiple layers can be placed from top to bottom, each layer has several water tanks, and several water tanks on the same layer are supplied with water and bait through the water inlet main pipe , the main inlet pipe is equipped with an air inlet pipe and an air stone to ensure dissolved oxygen, and to avoid the deposition of artificial bait in the pipe, so that it can be evenly distributed in the water. The drainage hoses of several tanks on the same floor are connected by the main pipe. The height controls the water level in the tank; (4) emergence. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种双齿围沙蚕立体人工育苗方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(1)采用的异沙蚕消毒方法,将异沙蚕放入含甲醛200ppm的消毒海水中,让其自由游动2~3min后,再捞起放入消毒海水中洗去残留的甲醛。2. A kind of double-toothed clam worm three-dimensional artificial seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the different clam worm disinfection method that described step (1) adopts, puts the different clam worm into the disinfection solution containing formaldehyde 200ppm In seawater, let it swim freely for 2 to 3 minutes, then pick it up and put it in sterilized seawater to wash away the residual formaldehyde. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种双齿围沙蚕立体人工育苗方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(2)至3刚节疣足幼虫后期开始投喂湛江等鞭金藻和牟氏角毛藻各10×104cell/ml,EM菌5~15×108cell/ml,一直培育至4刚节疣足幼虫中后期,受精卵孵化期间每天加水5~10%,3、4刚节疣足幼虫期间每天换水10~20%。3. a kind of double-toothed clam worm three-dimensional artificial seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step (2) to 3 just start to feed Isochrysis Zhanjiang and Mou's Chaetoceros 10×10 4 cell/ml each, EM bacteria 5~15×10 8 cell/ml, cultivated until the middle and late stage of 4th genus Verrucopoda larvae, add 5~10% water every day during the incubation of fertilized eggs, 3, 4 Change the water 10-20% every day during the larvae period. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种双齿围沙蚕立体人工育苗方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(3)将4刚节中后期疣足幼虫移入聚乙烯水槽中立体培养,槽底铺设厚度1.0~1.5cm经煮沸消毒的100目泥沙,幼虫移入密度为20~30尾/cm2,采用流水培育,每槽的水流量为5~8L/h,幼虫未完全底栖时水位高度15cm;完全底栖后,水位高度10cm左右,每天7:00时和19:00时将水排净并干露1h,饵料单细胞藻为湛江等鞭金藻和牟氏角毛藻各10×104cell/ml,EM菌15~25×108cell/ml,同时每天增投适量人工饵料,体长2mm以内幼虫增喂经200目筛绢过滤的虾片和熟豆浆,百万尾幼虫每天投喂虾片0.5~2.0g和2~5g干大豆做成的豆浆;体长超过2mm的幼虫增投鱼粉、螺旋藻粉和豆粕粉,以百万尾幼虫计,每天投喂量分别为:幼虫体长2~4mm时为5~15g、4~6mm时为15~30g、6~8mm时为30~60g、8~10mm时为60~110g、10~12mm时为110~180g。4. a kind of double-toothed clam worm three-dimensional artificial seedling raising method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step (3) moves the larvae in the middle and later stages of the four rigid nodes into a polyethylene water tank for three-dimensional cultivation, and the bottom of the tank Lay 100-mesh silt with a thickness of 1.0-1.5 cm that has been boiled and sterilized. The density of larvae migration is 20-30 tails/cm 2 , and the water flow in each tank is 5-8 L/h. The water level when the larvae are not completely benthic The height is 15cm; after the bottom dwelling is complete, the water level is about 10cm, and the water is drained and dewed for 1 hour at 7:00 and 19:00 every day. ×10 4 cell/ml, EM bacteria 15-25×10 8 cell/ml, and at the same time, add appropriate amount of artificial bait every day, larvae with a body length of less than 2mm are fed with shrimp slices and cooked soybean milk filtered through a 200-mesh sieve, one million The larvae were fed 0.5-2.0g of shrimp chips and 2-5g of soybean milk made of dried soybeans every day; the larvae with a body length of more than 2mm were additionally fed with fish meal, spirulina powder and soybean meal powder. It is: when the larva body length is 2-4mm, it is 5-15g, when it is 4-6mm, it is 15-30g, when it is 6-8mm, it is 30-60g, when it is 8-10mm, it is 60-110g, and when it is 10-12mm, it is 110-180g. 5.根据权利要求1或4所述的一种双齿围沙蚕立体人工育苗方法,其特征在于所述的立体培养是将上述移入4刚节中后期疣足幼虫的水槽搁置在支架上,排出的水在室外水泥池中经水中残留单细胞藻和EM菌处理1~3天,并更换5~20%的新鲜海水,可作为育苗水循环使用。5. according to claim 1 or 4 described a kind of double-toothed clam worm three-dimensional artificial seedling raising method, it is characterized in that described three-dimensional cultivation is that the above-mentioned water tank that moves into the 4th ganglion middle and late period verrucopod larvae is placed on the support, The discharged water is treated with residual unicellular algae and EM bacteria in the outdoor cement pool for 1 to 3 days, and 5 to 20% of fresh seawater is replaced, which can be used as seedling water for recycling. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种双齿围沙蚕立体人工育苗方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(4)中待幼虫体长长至10mm时,即可出苗,出苗时可将苗种和育苗泥沙一起倒扣在100目筛绢制成的网片上,也可连同育苗槽一起运至养殖区,播撒苗种时只需将育苗泥沙掰成小块均匀投放于养殖池中即可。6. a kind of double-toothed clam worm three-dimensional artificial seedling raising method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the described step (4), when the larva body grows to 10mm, the seedlings can emerge, and the seedlings can be removed when emerging. Seeds and seedling silt are buckled together on the mesh made of 100-mesh sieve silk, and can also be transported to the breeding area together with the seedling tank. When spreading seedlings, just break the seedling silt into small pieces and put them evenly in the breeding pond. That's it.
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