CN102106326B - Method for three-dimensional and artificial seedlings cultivation of perinereis aibuhitensis - Google Patents
Method for three-dimensional and artificial seedlings cultivation of perinereis aibuhitensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102106326B CN102106326B CN2011100492267A CN201110049226A CN102106326B CN 102106326 B CN102106326 B CN 102106326B CN 2011100492267 A CN2011100492267 A CN 2011100492267A CN 201110049226 A CN201110049226 A CN 201110049226A CN 102106326 B CN102106326 B CN 102106326B
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- 241000587741 Perinereis aibuhitensis Species 0.000 title abstract description 3
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000243822 Perinereis Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003203 everyday Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for the three-dimensional and artificial seedlings cultivation of the perinereis aibuhitensis, which mainly comprises the steps of: (1) fishing and disinfecting the heteronereis; (2) laying eggs, hatching and cultivating the planktonic larva; (3) three-dimensionally cultivating the benthic larvae; and (4) seedling emerging. The key measures comprise the steps of: putting four setiger intermediate-later stage nectochaete into a polyethylene water tank for the three-dimensional cultivation, cultivating by flowing water, and properly mixing the single-cell algae, the EM (effective microorganisms) bacterium with various artificial baits. After the measures are used, the density of the larvae is reduced, the mutual massacre among the individuals is reduced, the nutritional requirement of each-stage larva and the good and stable water quality environment are guaranteed, the survival rate of the larva is greatly improved, the breeding rate from the fertilized ovum to the sand silkworm seedling with the length of 1cm reaches at 42.3%, and the seedling yield per unit area is improved at 11.4*104 numbers/m<2>, so that the survival rate, the breeding rate and the seedling yield per unit area are greatly improved compared with the existing seedlings cultivation mode. The method is convenient to operate, can prevent the seedlings from being damaged caused by sand flushing and seedling driving, and is good for the long-distance transporting and the planting of the seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that perinereis aibihitensis Grube stereoscopic artificial is grown seedlings, belong to aquatic product sprout raising technology field.
Background technology
Perinereis aibihitensis Grube (Perinereis aibuhitensis) is under the jurisdiction of Nereidae (Nereididae) on zootaxy, enclose Nereis (Perinereis), be commonly called as extra large centipede, extra large leech etc., mainly be distributed in China, the a kind of of marine stock biomass maximum in more than 80 kind of clam worm of China, there is distribution at the middle climax seabeach of China coast from south to north, being main representative and the dominant species of intertidal zone Polychaeta ecotype, is also the main kind that China propagates artificially and exports goods and earns foreign currency.Perinereis aibihitensis Grube is nutritious, and the crude protein content in dry product surpasses 50%, Gao Zheke and reaches more than 65%, and is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid, mineral element, vitamin and several functions active substance.Thereby it has important purposes in edible, health care, aquaculture and the aspect such as fish, the domestic and international market demand is very large, the demand that natural resources far away can't satisfying the market, usually occur out of stock in spite of rising price, the situation that supply falls short of demand.China just starts to carry out the research of perinereis aibihitensis Grube at the end of the seventies in last century, at present with regard to many aspects such as its morphosis, life habit, ecological distribution, gonad development, the history of life and embryonic developments, carried out a large amount of basic research, and carried out a large amount of application studies at artificial breeding, aquaculture and the aspects such as medicinal and health care.
In order to meet the demand of domestic and international market, as far back as the eighties in last century, some fishermen of China coast carry out small-scale propagating artificially with regard to the seed that utilizes natural breed, in recent years, the scholar of some scientific research institutions has strengthened the dynamics of perinereis aibihitensis Grube manual seedling-raising research, obtained plentiful and substantial achievement in research, the seedling output of industrial artificial seedling rearing unit are is from first less than 10,000 tails/m
2significantly bring up to 50,000 tails/m
2, can surpass 100,000 tails/m once in a while
2.However, the seedling output of China's perinereis aibihitensis Grube still can not meet the demand of breeding production far away so far, becomes the bottleneck of restriction perinereis aibihitensis Grube manual aquaculture development.Trace it to its cause, this mainly to each of perinereis aibihitensis Grube phase larva life habit relevant.Just the larva of incubation of membrane is 3 just joint nectocaetes, battalion's life of swimming, grow to 4 just the joint nectocaete start gradually the end latter stage and dwell, just saved nectocaetes to 5 and dwelt at whole ends during latter stage.Thereby the normal density while making to swim is transformed into the VHD of the end while dwelling, and causes large quantities of larvas because of the too high death of density.The incubation rate that the existing pattern of growing seedlings is bred the long 1cm seed of body from fertilized egg is low, and cost is high, seedling yields poorly.The present invention takes the three-dimensional seedling raising technology since 4 firm joint middle and later periods nectocaetes, in the situation that do not extend the indoor raising of seedling pond, the end that effectively the enlarges larva area of dwelling is optimized the survival rate that rearing condition improves each larva phase simultaneously, thereby improves the output of seedling of incubation rate and unit volume nursery pond.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of perinereis aibihitensis Grube stereo raise seedling method is provided, in the situation that do not extend indoor cement nursery pond, the end that effectively the enlarges larva area of dwelling, optimize survival rate and growth rate that rearing condition improves each larva phase simultaneously, thereby improve incubation rate and seedling output, the high-quality seed that provides sufficient for propagating artificially on a large scale of perinereis aibihitensis Grube.
The present invention addresses the above problem adopted technical scheme: a kind of perinereis aibihitensis Grube stereoscopic artificial seedling-cultivating method comprises following steps: (1) heteronereis is fished for and sterilizes; (2) lay eggs, hatching and floating larvae cultivate; (3) end larva stereoscopic culture of dwelling; (4) emerge.
The way of sterilization is in described step (1): heteronereis is put into to the sterilization seawater containing formaldehyde 200ppm, allow after its 2～3min that freely moves about, then pick up and put into the seawater of sterilizing and wash away residual formaldehyde.
Described step (2) operation is as follows: a, the male and female heteronereis of sterilization is put into to spawning pond in the ratio of 3: 1,3～5/L of density, uninterruptedly inflate in right amount, after the ejaculation of laying eggs, drags for heteronereis, collection fertilized egg; B, fertilized egg is put into to hatchery, fertilized egg initial density 3～4 * 10
4grain/L, uninterruptedly inflation between the incubation period, the water surface is the boiling shape, makes fertilized egg suspending in water; After c, larva incubation of membrane, reduce tolerance, the water surface has the bubble of grain of rice size to be advisable, to 3 just the joint nectocaete later stages start to throw something and feed Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri each 10 * 10
4cell/ml, EM bacterium 5～15 * 10
8cell/ml cultivated to 4 firm joint nectocaete middle and later periods always.During incubating oosperm, add water 5～10% every day, 3,4 just during the joint nectocaetes every day change water 10～20%.
The way of described step (3) is by 4 just joint middle and later periods nectocaete immigration polyethylene tank neutral body cultivations.Tank specification 80cm * 50cm * 20cm, have inlet opening in the upper end of 50cm face one side, and there is apopore the lower end of opposite side, the outer muzzle flexible pipe of apopore, internal orifice bag 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk.Bottom land laying depth 1.0～1.5cm is through 100 order silts of scalding.It is 20～30 tails/em that larva moves into density
2, adopt flowing water to cultivate, the discharge of every groove is 5～8L/h.Height of water level 15cm when do not dwell in the complete end of larva; After fully the end dwells, height of water level 10cm left and right, every day during 7:00 and during 19:00 by water emptying the dry 1h that reveals.The same step of the kind of bait single-cell algae and quantity (2), EM bacterium 15～25 * 10
8cell/ml, increase simultaneously and throw appropriate artitificial food every day.The long 2mm of body increases and feeds prawn slice and the ripe soya-bean milk filtered through 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk with interior larva, the 1000000 tail larvas soya-bean milk that prawn slice 0.5～2.0g and the dry soybean of 2～5g are made of throwing something and feeding every day; The larva of the long 2mm of surpassing of body increases throws fish meal, spirulina powder and bean cake powder (three's ratio is 3: 3: 4), in 1,000,000 tail larvas, every day, feeding volume was respectively: while while while while during the long 2～4mm of larva body, being 5～15g, 4～6mm, being 15～30g, 6～8mm, being 30～60g, 8～10mm, being 60～110g, 10～12mm, be 110～180g.The stereoscopic culture that this step adopts is that above-mentioned tank is shelved on support, can shelve multilayer from top to bottom, every layer of several tank.Several tanks with layer supply water with for bait by water inlet manifold, the gentle stone of air inlet pipe is housed in water inlet manifold and can guarantees dissolved oxygen, and avoid artitificial food to deposit in pipeline, and it is uniformly distributed in water.The scupper hose of several tanks of same layer connects with house steward, by the height of regulating main sewer, controls the water level in tank.The water of discharging in outdoor tank-culture in water residual single-cell algae and EM bacterium process 1～3 day, and change 5～20% fresh seawater, can be used as the water circulation of growing seedlings and use.
In described step (4), when larva body length is grown to 10mm, can emerge.Seed can be tipped upside down on together with the silt of growing seedlings while emerging on the net sheet that 100 mesh sieve thin,tough silk make, also can be transported to culture zone together with the groove of growing seedlings.The silt that only needs while sowing seed to grow seedlings is broken into fritter and evenly is invested in culturing pool and gets final product.
The water for larval nursing of above each step is nature seawater and disinfects through precipitation, husky filter and chlorinated product, and salinity is adjusted to 25～27 ‰, pH7.8～8.3,25～32 ℃ of water temperatures.
Compared with the prior art the present invention has the following advantages:
1, with the sterilization seawater containing formaldehyde 200ppm, heteronereis is disinfected to 2～3min, can effectively kill the protozoa be attached on heteronereis, the harm of the protozoa that can avoid parent to carry to fertilized egg.Hatchability of fertile eggs is stabilized in more than 85%.
2, by 4 just joint middle and later periods nectocaete immigration polyethylene tank neutral body cultivations, and adopt flowing water to cultivate, use mixing single-cell algae, EM bacterium and kinds of artificial bait in right amount.Above measure has reduced the density of larva, reduced residual mutually between individuality, nutritional need and the good stable water quality environment of each larva have been guaranteed phase, greatly improved the survival rate of larva, cultivate to the incubation rate of the long 1cm specification of body clam worm seed and reach 42.3% from fertilized egg, the seedling output of unit are brings up to 11.4 * 10
4tail/m
2, all existing pattern of growing seedlings significantly improves.
3, adopt this seedling-cultivating method easy to operate, the artitificial food throwing sprinkles even, but and using water wisely, environmental contamination reduction.
4, adopt this seedling-cultivating method, can directly emerge when seed size reaches requirement, avoided sand surfing to catch up with the damage of seedling to seed, and be beneficial to the seed long-distance transport and evenly sow.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
1, the early-stage preparations of growing seedlings: comprise the culture facility cleaning and sterilizing, water for larval nursing precipitation, filtration, sterilization and salinity allotment, single-cell algae is cultivated, oxygen increasing pump and water pump debugging etc.
2, heteronereis is fished for and sterilizes: fish for individual larger heteronereis in perinereis aibihitensis Grube sexual maturity peak period with dredger, be placed in the sterilization seawater containing formaldehyde 200ppm, allow after its 2～3min that freely moves about, then pick up and put into the seawater of sterilizing and wash away residual formaldehyde.
3, lay eggs, hatching and floating larvae cultivate: a, the male and female heteronereis of sterilization is put into to spawning pond in the ratio of 3: 1,3～5/L of density, uninterrupted appropriate inflation, after the ejaculation of laying eggs, drag for heteronereis, collection fertilized egg; B, fertilized egg is put into to hatchery, fertilized egg initial density 3～4 * 10
4grain/L, uninterruptedly inflation between the incubation period, the water surface is the boiling shape, makes fertilized egg suspending in water; After c, larva incubation of membrane, reduce tolerance, the water surface has the bubble of grain of rice size to be advisable, to 3 just the joint nectocaete later stages start to throw something and feed Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri each 10 * 10
4cell/ml, EM bacterium 5～15 * 10
8cell/ml cultivated to 4 firm joint nectocaete middle and later periods always.During incubating oosperm, add water 5～10% every day, 3,4 just during the joint nectocaetes every day change water 10～20%.
4, the end larva stereoscopic culture of dwelling: in the polyethylene tank of specification 80cm * 50cm * 20cm, laying depth 1.5cm is through 100 order silts of scalding, encase tank outlet pipe internal orifice with 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, 4 firm joint middle and later periods nectocaetes are moved in tank, and it is 20～30 tails/cm that larva moves into density
2, adopt flowing water to cultivate, the discharge of every groove is 5～8L/h.Height of water level 15cm when do not dwell in the complete end of larva; After fully the end dwells, height of water level 10cm left and right, every day during 7:00 and during 19:00 by water emptying the dry 1h that reveals.The bait single-cell algae be Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri each 10 * 10
4cell/ml, EM bacterium 15～25 * 10
8cell/ml, increase simultaneously and throw appropriate artitificial food every day.The long 2mm of body increases and feeds prawn slice and the ripe soya-bean milk filtered through 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk with interior larva, the 1000000 tail larvas soya-bean milk that prawn slice 0.5～2.0g and the dry soybean of 2～5g are made of throwing something and feeding every day; The larva of the long 2mm of surpassing of body increases throws fish meal, spirulina powder and bean cake powder (three's ratio is 3: 3: 4), in 1,000,000 tail larvas, every day, feeding volume was respectively: while while while while during the long 2～4mm of larva body, being 5～15g, 4～6mm, being 15～30g, 6～8mm, being 30～60g, 8～10mm, being 60～110g, 10～12mm, be 110～180g.
5, emerge: when larva body length is grown to 10mm, can emerge.Seed can be tipped upside down on together with the silt of growing seedlings while emerging on the net sheet that 100 mesh sieve thin,tough silk make, also can be transported to culture zone together with the groove of growing seedlings.The silt that only needs while sowing seed to grow seedlings is broken into fritter and evenly is invested in culturing pool and gets final product.
Claims (6)
1. a perinereis aibihitensis Grube stereoscopic artificial seedling-cultivating method, comprise following steps: (1) heteronereis is fished for and sterilizes; (2) lay eggs, hatching and floating larvae cultivate; (3) end larva stereoscopic culture of dwelling, described stereoscopic culture is to be shelved on support putting 4 tanks that just saved the middle and later periods nectocaete in a suitable place to breed, can shelve multilayer from top to bottom, every layer of several tank, several tanks with layer supply water with for bait by water inlet manifold, the gentle stone of air inlet pipe is housed in water inlet manifold and can guarantees dissolved oxygen, and avoid artitificial food to deposit in pipeline, it is uniformly distributed in water, the scupper hose of several tanks of same layer connects with house steward, by the height of regulating main sewer, controls the water level in tank; (4) emerge.
2. a kind of perinereis aibihitensis Grube stereoscopic artificial seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the heteronereis sterilization method that described step (1) adopts, heteronereis is put into to the sterilization seawater containing formaldehyde 200ppm, allow after its 2～3min that freely moves about, then pick up and put into the sterilization seawater and wash away residual formaldehyde.
3. a kind of perinereis aibihitensis Grube stereoscopic artificial seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (2) to 3 just the joint nectocaete later stages start to throw something and feed Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri each 10 * 10
4cell/ml, EM bacterium 5～15 * 10
8cell/ml cultivated to 4 just joint nectocaete middle and later periods always, and during incubating oosperm, add water 5～10% every day, 3,4 just during the joint nectocaetes every day change water 10～20%.
4. a kind of perinereis aibihitensis Grube stereoscopic artificial seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (3) is by 4 just joint middle and later periods nectocaete immigration polyethylene tank neutral body cultivations, bottom land laying depth 1.0～1.5cm is through 100 order silts of scalding, and it is 20～30 tails/cm that larva moves into density
2, adopt flowing water to cultivate, the discharge of every groove is 5～8L/h, height of water level 15cm when do not dwell in the complete end of larva; After fully the end dwells, height of water level 10cm left and right, every day during 7:00 and during 19:00 by water emptying the dry 1h that reveals, the bait single-cell algae be Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri each 10 * 10
4cell/ml, EM bacterium 15～25 * 10
8cell/ml, increase simultaneously and throw appropriate artitificial food every day, and the long 2mm of body increases prawn slice and the ripe soya-bean milk of feeding through 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk filtrations with interior larva, the 1000000 tail larvas soya-bean milk that prawn slice 0.5～2.0g and the dry soybean of 2～5g are made of throwing something and feeding every day; The larva of the long 2mm of surpassing of body increases throws fish meal, spirulina powder and bean cake powder, in 1,000,000 tail larvas, every day, feeding volume was respectively: while while while while during the long 2～4mm of larva body, being 5～15g, 4～6mm, being 15～30g, 6～8mm, being 30～60g, 8～10mm, being 60～110g, 10～12mm, be 110～180g.
5. according to the described a kind of perinereis aibihitensis Grube stereoscopic artificial seedling-cultivating method of claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that described stereoscopic culture is that the tank that above-mentioned immigration 4 has just been saved to the middle and later periods nectocaete is shelved on support, the water of discharging in outdoor tank-culture in water residual single-cell algae and EM bacterium process 1～3 day, and change 5～20% fresh seawater, can be used as the water circulation of growing seedlings and use.
6. a kind of perinereis aibihitensis Grube stereoscopic artificial seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in described step (4) when larva body length is grown to 10mm, can emerge, while emerging, seed can be tipped upside down on together with the silt of growing seedlings on the net sheet that 100 mesh sieve thin,tough silk make, also can be transported to culture zone together with the groove of growing seedlings, the silt that only needs while sowing seed to grow seedlings is broken into fritter and evenly is invested in culturing pool and gets final product.
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| CN103004701B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-07-30 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Indoor raising method for perinereis aibuhitensis by circulating water |
| CN103098763B (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-12-10 | 大连海洋大学 | Method of manually planting functional bacterium flora in clam worm body |
| CN103283689B (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-11-12 | 山东省海水养殖研究所 | Propagation control method for indoor cultivation of Perinereis aibuhitensis |
| CN103563861B (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-12-10 | 东营振宇水产资源开发有限公司 | Perinereis aibuhitensis totally-artificial breeding technology |
| CN103734093B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-04-27 | 盐城工学院 | Perinereis aibihitensis Grube heteronereis is cultivated and synchronous collection method |
| CN103651273B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2017-01-18 | 盐城工学院 | Perinereis aibuhitensis accumulated-water-free saturated wet soil cultivation method |
| CN105994052B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2018-11-06 | 珠海市斗门区河口渔业研究所 | A kind of artificial breeding of standing grain worm and intensive cultural method |
| CN111937792A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-11-17 | 盐城工学院 | Method for improving hatching rate of fertilized eggs of clamworms and breeding rate of seedlings |
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