CN102106326B - Method for three-dimensional and artificial seedlings cultivation of perinereis aibuhitensis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for three-dimensional artificial seedling cultivation of clam worm with double teeth, which mainly includes the following steps: (1) picking and disinfecting clam worm; (2) laying eggs, hatching and cultivating planktonic larvae; (3) benthic larvae Three-dimensional culture; (4) emergence. The key measure is to move the larvae in the middle and late stages of the 4th ganglion into a polyethylene water tank for three-dimensional culture, and adopt running water culture, using a proper amount of mixed single-cell algae, EM bacteria and various artificial baits. The above measures reduce the density of larvae, reduce the mutual destruction between individuals, ensure the nutritional needs of larvae at each stage and a good and stable water quality environment, and greatly improve the survival rate of larvae. From fertilized eggs to 1cm-long sand The breeding rate of silkworm seedlings reaches 42.3%, and the seedling yield per unit area increases to 11.4×10 ⁴ tails/m ² , both of which are greatly improved compared with the existing seedling raising mode. Moreover, the method is easy to operate, avoids the damage to the seedlings by washing sand and driving the seedlings, and is beneficial to long-distance transportation and sowing of the seedlings.

Description

A method for three-dimensional artificial seedling cultivation of clam worm

technical field

The invention relates to a method for three-dimensional artificial seedling cultivation of clam worms, belonging to the technical field of aquatic seed breeding.

Background technique

Perinereis aibuhitensis belongs to Nereididae (Nereididae) in zoological classification, Perinereis (Perinereis), commonly known as sea centipede, sea leech, etc., is mainly distributed in my country, and is one of more than 80 species in China. The clamworm has the largest amount of biological resources. It is distributed in the middle and high tide beaches from south to north in my country's coastal areas. It is the main representative and dominant species of polychaetes in the intertidal zone, and it is also the most important source of artificial breeding and export earnings in my country. type. The clam worm is rich in nutrition, the crude protein content in the dry product is more than 50%, the highest can reach more than 65%, and it is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, mineral elements, vitamins and various functional active substances. Therefore, it has important uses in food, medical care, aquaculture, fishing, etc. The demand in domestic and foreign markets is very large, and natural resources are far from meeting the needs of the market. In the late 1970s, our country began to study the nereis didentate. At present, a large number of basic researches have been carried out on its morphological structure, living habits, ecological distribution, gonad development, life history and embryonic development. A large number of applied researches have been carried out in artificial breeding, breeding, medicinal and medical care.

In order to meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets, as early as the 1980s, some fishermen along the coast of China used the naturally bred seedlings to carry out small-scale artificial breeding. The intensity of seedling breeding research has achieved fruitful research results. The seedling output per unit area of industrialized artificial seedling cultivation has greatly increased from less than 10,000/m ² at the beginning to 50,000/m ² , and occasionally more than 100,000/m ² . Nevertheless, so far the seedling output of C. bidentaensis in my country is still far from meeting the needs of aquaculture production, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of C. bidentaensis artificial breeding industry. Tracing it to its cause, this is mainly related to the living habits of the larvae of each stage of the clam worm. The larvae that have just hatched out of the membrane are 3-segmented larvae, and they live in planktonic life. They gradually start to live on the bottom when they develop to the end stage of 4-segmented larvae, and they are all benthic at the end of 5-segmented larvae. As a result, the normal density when planktonic turns into an ultra-high density when benthic, resulting in the death of a large number of larvae due to excessive density. The existing seedling raising mode has low breeding rate from fertilized eggs to seedlings with a body length of 1 cm, and has high cost and low seedling yield. The present invention adopts the three-dimensional seedling technology starting from the 4th stage verrucopoda larvae, effectively expands the benthic area of the larvae without expanding the indoor seedling pond, optimizes the seedling raising conditions at the same time, improves the survival rate of the larvae at each stage, thereby improving the growth rate rate and the emergence of seedlings per unit volume of nursery ponds.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a method for vertically growing seedlings of the double-toothed clamworm, which can effectively expand the benthic area of the larvae without expanding the indoor cement seedling pond, and optimize the seedling raising conditions at the same time. The survival rate and growth rate of the larvae at each stage can be improved, thereby improving the breeding rate and seedling yield, and providing sufficient high-quality seedlings for the large-scale artificial breeding of the clam worm.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is: a method for three-dimensional artificial seedling cultivation of the double-toothed clam worm, comprising the following steps: (1) picking and disinfecting the different clam worms; (2) laying eggs, hatching and cultivating planktonic larvae; (3) Three-dimensional culture of benthic larvae; (4) Emergence.

The method of disinfection in the step (1) is as follows: put the clam worm into sterilized seawater containing 200ppm formaldehyde, let it swim freely for 2-3 minutes, then scoop it up and put it into sterilized seawater to wash away the residual formaldehyde.

The operation of the step (2) is as follows: a. Put the sterilized dioecious lugworm into the spawning pool at a ratio of 3:1, with a density of 3 to 5/L, inflate in an appropriate amount without interruption, and after laying eggs and ejaculating, Remove the clamworm and collect the fertilized eggs; b. Put the fertilized eggs into the hatching tank, the initial density of the fertilized eggs is 3-4× ¹⁰⁴ grains/L, inflate continuously during the hatching, and the water surface is boiling, so that the fertilized eggs are suspended in the In water; c. After the larvae hatch and emerge from the membrane, reduce the air volume. It is advisable that there are air bubbles the size of rice grains on the water surface. At the late stage of the 3rd, the larvae start to feed 10 × 10 ⁴ cells of Isoflagellate Zhanjiang and Chaetoceros moubii /ml, EM bacteria at 5-15×10 ⁸ cell/ml, and cultivated until the middle and late stages of 4-gangpodia larvae. Add 5 to 10% of water every day during the hatching of fertilized eggs, and change 10 to 20% of the water every day during the period of 3 and 4 larvae.

The method of the step (3) is to move the larvae of the 4th ganglion in the middle and late period to three-dimensional culture in a polyethylene water tank. The size of the sink is 80cm×50cm×20cm. There is a water inlet hole at the upper end of one side of the 50cm surface, and a water outlet hole at the lower end of the other side. The outer mouth of the water outlet hole is covered with a hose, and the inner mouth is covered with 200 mesh sieve silk. Boiled and sterilized 100-mesh sediment with a thickness of 1.0-1.5 cm is laid on the bottom of the tank. The density of larvae transplantation is 20-30 tails/cm ² , and they are cultivated in running water. The water flow rate of each tank is 5-8L/h. When the larvae are not fully benthic, the water level is 15cm; after the larvae are fully benthic, the water level is about 10cm, and the water is drained and dewed for 1 hour at 7:00 and 19:00 every day. The type and quantity of unicellular algae as bait are the same as in step (2), EM bacteria are 15-25×10 ⁸ cell/ml, and an appropriate amount of artificial bait is added every day. Larvae with a body length of less than 2 mm are fed with shrimp chips and cooked soybean milk filtered through a 200-mesh sieve, and millions of larvae are fed with 0.5-2.0 g of shrimp chips and soybean milk made of 2-5 g of dry soybeans every day; larvae with a body length of more than 2 mm Add fish meal, spirulina powder and soybean meal powder (the ratio of the three is 3:3:4), and the daily feeding amount is calculated as one million larvae: 5-15g when the larvae are 2-4mm in length, 4 15-30g for ~6mm, 30-60g for 6-8mm, 60-110g for 8-10mm, 110-180g for 10-12mm. The three-dimensional cultivation adopted in this step is to place the above-mentioned water tanks on the support, which can be placed in multiple layers from top to bottom, and each layer has several water tanks. Several water tanks on the same floor are supplied with water and bait through the main water inlet pipe, and the main water inlet pipe is equipped with an air inlet pipe and an air stone to ensure dissolved oxygen, and avoid artificial bait from depositing in the pipe, so that it is evenly distributed in the water. The drainage hoses of several water tanks on the same floor are connected with a main pipe, and the water level in the water tanks is controlled by adjusting the height of the main drainage pipe. The discharged water is treated with residual unicellular algae and EM bacteria in the outdoor cement pool for 1 to 3 days, and 5 to 20% of fresh seawater is replaced, which can be used as seedling water for recycling.

In the step (4), when the larvae grow to 10mm in length, they can emerge. When the seedlings emerge, the seedlings and the seedling silt can be buckled upside down on the mesh made of 100-mesh sieve silk, and can also be transported to the breeding area together with the seedling trough. When sowing seedlings, you only need to break the seedling silt into small pieces and put them evenly in the breeding pond.

The water used for raising seedlings in the above steps is natural sea water, which is treated with sedimentation, sand filtration and chlorine preparation disinfection. The salinity is adjusted to 25-27‰, pH 7.8-8.3, and water temperature 25-32°C.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. Using sterilized seawater containing 200ppm of formaldehyde to disinfect the Nereis worm for 2 to 3 minutes, which can effectively kill the protozoa attached to the body of the Nereis worm, and prevent the protozoa carried by the parent from harming the fertilized eggs. The hatching rate of fertilized eggs is stable above 85%.

2. Move the verrucopoda larvae in the middle and late stages of the 4th ganglion into a polyethylene water tank for three-dimensional culture, and adopt running water for three-dimensional culture, and use an appropriate amount of mixed single-cell algae, EM bacteria and various artificial baits. The above measures reduce the density of larvae, reduce the mutual destruction between individuals, ensure the nutritional needs of larvae at each stage and a good and stable water quality environment, and greatly improve the survival rate of larvae. From fertilized eggs to 1cm-long sand The breeding rate of silkworm seedlings reaches 42.3%, and the seedling yield per unit area increases to 11.4×10 ⁴ tails/m ² , both of which are greatly improved compared with the existing seedling raising mode.

3. The method of raising seedlings is easy to operate, the artificial bait is evenly distributed, and it can save water and reduce environmental pollution.

4. With this seedling raising method, seedlings can emerge directly when the specifications meet the requirements, which avoids damage to seedlings caused by sand washing and rushing seedlings, and is conducive to long-distance transportation and uniform spreading of seedlings.

Detailed ways

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment:

1. Preliminary preparations for seedling cultivation: including cleaning and disinfection of seedling cultivation facilities, water precipitation, filtration, disinfection and salinity adjustment for seedling cultivation, single-cell algae cultivation, aeration pump and water pump debugging, etc.

2. Fishing and disinfection of Nereis worm: During the peak sexual maturity of Nereis bidentata, a larger individual Nereis worm was caught with a net, placed in sterilized seawater containing 200ppm of formaldehyde, and allowed to swim freely for 2 to 3 minutes. , Then scoop it up and put it in sterilized seawater to wash away the residual formaldehyde.

3. Oviposition, hatching, and planktonic larvae cultivation: a. Put the sterilized dioecious clamworms into the spawning pool at a ratio of 3:1, with a density of 3 to 5 worms/L, and inflate them in an appropriate amount without interruption, and wait for the oviposition to ejaculate Finally, remove the different clam worms and collect the fertilized eggs; b, put the fertilized eggs into the hatching tank, the initial density of the fertilized eggs is 3-4× ¹⁰⁴ grains/L, inflate continuously during the hatching, and the water surface is boiling, so that the fertilized eggs Suspended in water; c. After the larvae hatch and leave the membrane, reduce the air volume. It is advisable to have air bubbles the size of rice grains on the water surface, and start feeding 10×10 dinoflagellates Zhanjiang et al. ⁴ cell/ml, EM bacteria 5-15×10 ⁸ cell/ml, cultivated until the middle and late stages of the 4-gangpod larvae. Add 5 to 10% of water every day during the hatching of fertilized eggs, and change 10 to 20% of the water every day during the period of 3 and 4 larvae.

4. Three-dimensional cultivation of benthic larvae: Lay 100-mesh sediment with a thickness of 1.5 cm in a polyethylene water tank with a size of 80 cm × 50 cm × 20 cm, and wrap the inner mouth of the water outlet pipe of the tank with 200-mesh sieve silk. In the later stage, the verrucopoda larvae are moved into the water tank at a density of 20-30 larvae/cm ² . They are cultivated in flowing water, and the water flow rate of each tank is 5-8 L/h. When the larvae are not fully benthic, the water level is 15cm; after the larvae are fully benthic, the water level is about 10cm, and the water is drained and dewed for 1 hour at 7:00 and 19:00 every day. The unicellular algae used as bait were Isoflagellates zhanjiang and Chaetoceros mourophyllum at 10×10 ⁴ cell/ml each, and EM bacteria at 15-25×10 ⁸ cell/ml, and an appropriate amount of artificial bait was added every day. Larvae with a body length of less than 2 mm are fed with shrimp chips and cooked soybean milk filtered through a 200-mesh sieve, and millions of larvae are fed with 0.5-2.0 g of shrimp chips and soybean milk made of 2-5 g of dry soybeans every day; larvae with a body length of more than 2 mm Add fish meal, spirulina powder and soybean meal powder (the ratio of the three is 3:3:4), and the daily feeding amount is calculated as one million larvae: 5-15g when the larvae are 2-4mm in length, 4 15-30g for ~6mm, 30-60g for 6-8mm, 60-110g for 8-10mm, 110-180g for 10-12mm.

5. Emergence: Seedlings can emerge when the larvae grow to 10 mm in length. When the seedlings emerge, the seedlings and the seedling silt can be buckled upside down on the mesh made of 100-mesh sieve silk, and can also be transported to the breeding area together with the seedling trough. When sowing seedlings, you only need to break the seedling silt into small pieces and put them evenly in the breeding pond.

Claims (6)

1. A method for three-dimensional artificial cultivation of clam worms, comprising the following steps: (1) fishing and disinfection of clam worms; (2) laying eggs, hatching and cultivating planktonic larvae; (3) three-dimensional cultivation of benthic larvae. The above-mentioned three-dimensional culture is to place the water tanks for stocking 4-gang mid-to-late verrucopedia larvae on the support, and multiple layers can be placed from top to bottom, each layer has several water tanks, and several water tanks on the same layer are supplied with water and bait through the water inlet main pipe , the main inlet pipe is equipped with an air inlet pipe and an air stone to ensure dissolved oxygen, and to avoid the deposition of artificial bait in the pipe, so that it can be evenly distributed in the water. The drainage hoses of several tanks on the same floor are connected by the main pipe. The height controls the water level in the tank; (4) emergence. 2. A kind of double-toothed clam worm three-dimensional artificial seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the different clam worm disinfection method that described step (1) adopts, puts the different clam worm into the disinfection solution containing formaldehyde 200ppm In seawater, let it swim freely for 2 to 3 minutes, then pick it up and put it in sterilized seawater to wash away the residual formaldehyde. 3. a kind of double-toothed clam worm three-dimensional artificial seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step (2) to 3 just start to feed Isochrysis Zhanjiang and Mou's Chaetoceros 10×10 ⁴ cell/ml each, EM bacteria 5～15×10 ⁸ cell/ml, cultivated until the middle and late stage of 4th genus Verrucopoda larvae, add 5～10% water every day during the incubation of fertilized eggs, 3, 4 Change the water 10-20% every day during the larvae period. 4. a kind of double-toothed clam worm three-dimensional artificial seedling raising method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step (3) moves the larvae in the middle and later stages of the four rigid nodes into a polyethylene water tank for three-dimensional cultivation, and the bottom of the tank Lay 100-mesh silt with a thickness of 1.0-1.5 cm that has been boiled and sterilized. The density of larvae migration is 20-30 tails/cm ² , and the water flow in each tank is 5-8 L/h. The water level when the larvae are not completely benthic The height is 15cm; after the bottom dwelling is complete, the water level is about 10cm, and the water is drained and dewed for 1 hour at 7:00 and 19:00 every day. ×10 ⁴ cell/ml, EM bacteria 15-25×10 ⁸ cell/ml, and at the same time, add appropriate amount of artificial bait every day, larvae with a body length of less than 2mm are fed with shrimp slices and cooked soybean milk filtered through a 200-mesh sieve, one million The larvae were fed 0.5-2.0g of shrimp chips and 2-5g of soybean milk made of dried soybeans every day; the larvae with a body length of more than 2mm were additionally fed with fish meal, spirulina powder and soybean meal powder. It is: when the larva body length is 2-4mm, it is 5-15g, when it is 4-6mm, it is 15-30g, when it is 6-8mm, it is 30-60g, when it is 8-10mm, it is 60-110g, and when it is 10-12mm, it is 110-180g. 5. according to claim 1 or 4 described a kind of double-toothed clam worm three-dimensional artificial seedling raising method, it is characterized in that described three-dimensional cultivation is that the above-mentioned water tank that moves into the 4th ganglion middle and late period verrucopod larvae is placed on the support, The discharged water is treated with residual unicellular algae and EM bacteria in the outdoor cement pool for 1 to 3 days, and 5 to 20% of fresh seawater is replaced, which can be used as seedling water for recycling. 6. a kind of double-toothed clam worm three-dimensional artificial seedling raising method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the described step (4), when the larva body grows to 10mm, the seedlings can emerge, and the seedlings can be removed when emerging. Seeds and seedling silt are buckled together on the mesh made of 100-mesh sieve silk, and can also be transported to the breeding area together with the seedling tank. When spreading seedlings, just break the seedling silt into small pieces and put them evenly in the breeding pond. That's it.