CN104012435B - China Bitterling Welfare (Rhodeus sinensis) efficient propagation method - Google Patents
China Bitterling Welfare (Rhodeus sinensis) efficient propagation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
China Bitterling Welfare (Rhodeus? sinensis) efficient propagation method belongs to primary fish culture research field.For solving the problems such as existing propagation technique is comparatively large by effect of natural conditions such as season, temperature, the hydrology, reproduction rate is not high, intermittently do not breed the whole year that present invention achieves Chinese Bitterling Welfare, reproduction rate is high, is easy to management, can carry out industrialized propagation.The present invention includes the acclimatization culture of parent population and freshwater mussel, parent population mating, seed rearing, after it is characterized in that parent population and the field acquisition of dome pearl oyster, through the acclimation of 30 days, oviduct is selected to extend into the raun of tubulose and light milter of pressing belly to have seminal fluid outflow, be 3:1 by female-male proportion, put into special breeding case, throw in freshwater mussel simultaneously, after laying eggs 20 days, freshwater mussel is put into incubator box, another batch of freshwater mussel is put in breeding case, within every 20 days, exchange once with the freshwater mussel in incubator box, Bitterling Welfare seed in incubator box gathers once to be put in seed rearing case and cultivates for every 2 days, fry grows to 30mm and carries out conventional cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to primary fish culture research field, particularly relate to the indoor propagation technology of Chinese Bitterling Welfare.
Background technology
China Bitterling Welfare (Rhodeussinensis), belong to Cypriniformes (Cypriniformes) Cyprinidae (Cyprinidae) Interpretive subfamily (Acheilognathinae), the one small-sized end the dwelling property fish that Bitterling Welfare belongs in (Rhodeus), this kind of Bitterling Welfare is distributed widely in China other each fresh water basins except Heillongjiang River system, the primary fancy fishes of Chinese Famous, have higher ornamental value and edibility, market demand increases day by day.In recent years because the factor such as water pollution, overfishing result in the continuous atrophy of many this locality wild fingerling resource, some populations even become extinct, and Chinese Bitterling Welfare population is also had a strong impact on.For protection indigenous strains resource, expand Chinese Bitterling Welfare population, alleviate the demand and supply contraction, artificial propagation is carried out to it extremely urgent.
At present, less to the research of Chinese Bitterling Welfare artificial propagation both at home and abroad, only there are the people such as royal power to carry out when Chinese Bitterling Welfare is laid eggs the Selecting research of freshwater mussel size and the research of Chinese Bitterling Welfare both sexes morphological feature and adult female fertility at present; Shen Jianzhong carried out Chinese Bitterling Welfare reproductive habit preliminary observation, China of Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College Bitterling Welfare breeding succeeds, Chinese Bitterling Welfare is made to lay eggs success rate than nearly 10 times of natural spawning raising, nearly 5 times are improved than Ecology breeding spawning rate, but be also outdoor Bionic reproduction, larger by effect of natural conditions such as season, temperature, the hydrology.
My research finds, under constant indoor temperature condition, can realize Chinese Bitterling Welfare the breeding whole year, success rate of laying eggs improves nearly 30 times than natural spawning, possesses the advantages such as simple to operate, convenient management, can realize factorial praluction.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of current technology, the invention provides the method for Chinese Bitterling Welfare indoor artificial propagation, concrete technical scheme is as follows:
The selection of 1 parent population and cultivation
Parent population picks up from the good pond of water quality, select physique stalwartness, neat specification, movable flexible, the anosis individuality without wound, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40mg/L, be put in indoor common aquarium, breeding density be 300-350 tail/square metre, put into long 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter, raising water is the running water of aeration, the depth of water remains on 50cm, and whole day is filtered and oxygen supply for 24 hours.After 3 days, every natural gift are thrown something and fed for 2 times, be arranged in respectively 8 a.m. and afternoon 5 point.Daily ration, feeding quantity is grasped flexibly depending on weather and food situation, the particulate material of feed request protein content more than 30% of throwing something and feeding, and agreeable to the taste.Be warmed to 28 ± 1 DEG C gradually after 10 days, change 1/4 water yield every 10 days.
2. the selection and culture of freshwater mussel
Gather wild body long 50-80mm dome pearl oyster (Uniodouglasiae), select shell complete without incomplete, " belly " drum circle, the healthy and strong grossness of freshwater mussel body, the freshwater mussel that closed shell power is strong, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40mg/L, be put into whole day in container and beat oxygen, make to be raised to 28 ± 1 DEG C gradually in the 3 day time of water temperature, change the running water of 1-2 aeration every day, until mucus is told totally, the diameter that starts to throw something and feed is less than the pellet of 1mm, once a day, diet biomass is 10 ~ 20 mg/litre.
3. the mating of parent population
Parent population and freshwater mussel domestication cultivation are after 30 days, the female fish parent fish that parent population is left and taken can see pure and fresh ovary profile, oviduct extends into tubulose is individual and light milter parent population of pressing belly to have the outflow of milky seminal fluid is individual, be the ratio of 3:1 in sex ration, put into breeding case, density be 250-300 tail/square metre, put into the freshwater mussel 100/square metre after domestication, water temperature 28 ± 1 DEG C simultaneously, put into 3-4cm gold mouse 8 tail/square metre, put into 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter.Start timing when chasing mating from parent population, the freshwater mussel of picking up afterwards for 20 days bottom all breeding casees is put in the incubator box above it, puts into the freshwater mussel of equal number in breeding case simultaneously.Between parent population mating season, daily ration, feeding quantity increases by 5% than during domestication, throws something and feeds in 8 a.m. and at 5 in afternoon, at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days.Being put in freshwater mussel 1-3 days in incubator box just just has Bitterling Welfare fry to swim out of, and within every 2 days, gathers a seed.Put into the freshwater mussel that go out fry of incubator box through 20d, again put back to bottom breeding case, so that Bitterling Welfare fish lays eggs, all freshwater mussels of simultaneously fishing for bottom former breeding case put into incubator box, exchange after 20 days with the freshwater mussel at the bottom of case again, and so circulation is carried out.
4. the collection of fry and cultivation
Collection fry is put into seed rearing case and cultivates, and keeps depth of water 30-40cm, water temperature 28 ± 1 DEG C.Put seedling and go in case the mixed liquor adding chlorella, scenedemine and crescent moon algae, density is 20 ~ 30/milliliter, within later every 7 days, throws in once.Open-mouthed bait was paramecium and the wheel animalcule of 70 eye mesh screens, and density is 4-6/milliliter, and morning and afternoon respectively throws something and feeds once, and cultivate the wheel animalcule, the Moina that within 15 days, supplemented 40 eye mesh screens afterwards, once within every 3 days, change water once, quantity of exchanged water is 30% at 2 days soil pick-up clear ends.As long as the fry of birth all can be raised together with in 40 days, breeding density be 20000 tails/square metre, when fry grows to total length 15mm, alternately throw something and feed water earthworm and wheel animalcule, zooplankton is fished for after rear use 20 object screen cloth filters and throws something and feeds, morning and afternoon respectively throws something and feeds once, and water once, was changed once every other day in 2 days soil pick-up clear ends, quantity of exchanged water is 40-50%, breeding density be 15000 tails/square metre, when fry grows to more than total length 30mm, pond can be put into and carry out conventional cultivation.
beneficial effect
Both at home and abroad about studying the less of Chinese Bitterling Welfare artificial fecundation method; artificial propagation is had successfully to report; but be all subject to the restriction of mating season, breeding environmental factor; this research is concentrated to consider and is improved Chinese Bitterling Welfare spawning rate and incubation rate key issue; by homemade breeding case; the environment of constant water temperature, suitable water quality is provided; the whole year realizing Chinese Bitterling Welfare does not intermittently breed; make to lay eggs with hatching success than improving nearly 30 times under natural conditions; have reproduction rate high, be easy to operation, the advantage such as nuisanceless, can batch production, biological control be carried out.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1. Chinese Bitterling Welfare breeds box structure figure.
Wherein Reference numeral is: 1. breed case; 2. filter; 3. filter support; 4. three-in-one immersible pump; 5. immersible pump drinking-water pipe; 6. immersible pump outlet pipe; 7. incubator box; 8. air outlet slit; 9. permeable hole: aperture 1mm
Embodiment
1. breed after Bitterling Welfare all vessel used wash and carry out disinfection, use ultraviolet lamp disinfection, sterilization 10-20 minute;
2. the height of breeding case can not lower than 60cm, and length and width are determined according to putting place, and breeding case water level remains on 50cm;
3., because stock freshwater mussel and Bitterling Welfare parent population all pick up from field, before domestication is cultivated, need strict sterilization;
4. waterweed used in Bitterling Welfare reproductive process can purify water, and because its growth is rapid, need prune in time;
5. put into ceramic ring bottom filter, the breeding of nitrifying bacteria can be promoted, generally, ceramic ring volume will account for 3 ~ 5% of full cylinder water volume, filter pulp is let slip on top, and filter cotton interval uses, and at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days, timely cleaning, replacing filter cotton, object is for the freshwater mussel in incubator box provides food when ensureing water quality;
6. installation aperture, immersible pump drinking-water pipe lower end is the filter screen of 0.2cm, prevents parent population from entering drinking-water pipe; The micro-pore diameter of incubator box bottom is 1mm, while can ensureing incubator box water penetration, prevents fry from fleeing;
7, three-in-one immersible pump has filtration, oxygenation, the function of drawing water, according to breeding case moisture storage capacity reasonable disposition, during immersible pump work, large quantity of air sprays from air outlet slit, increases the oxygen content of water body, current enter filter from immersible pump drinking-water pipe simultaneously, flow through filter pulp, ceramic ring, finally flow out from immersible pump outlet pipe, enter incubator box.Immersible pump outlet pipe will exceed the water surface at least 15cm, increases mobility and the oxygen content of water in incubator box.Except throwing something and feeding, feed other times immersible pump is all in duty.
8. mouse fishing gear has the effect of cleaning glass casing, casing can be kept clean, save the tedious work of artificial knock-out.
9., because parent population has the habit of the firm fry that eats, carry out isolation hatching so the freshwater mussel after laying eggs will will be put in incubator box.Fertilized egg is developed to the time range that fry initiatively swims out of from freshwater mussel and is generally 20 ~ 26 days in freshwater mussel branchial plate, so through the freshwater mussel going out fry of 20 days, again can put into breeding case and continue to lay eggs for parent population.
10., when seed rearing, in incubator, add the mixed liquor of chlorella, scenedemine and crescent moon algae, density is 20 ~ 30/milliliter, throws in weekly once, seed fish is ingested balanced in nutrition, and incubator whole day beats oxygen with ordinary oxygen air pump in 24 hours.
11. breeding casees, seed rearing case can be put by layered stereoscopic, save space, are convenient to centralized management.
12. Chinese Bitterling Welfare propagation steps are as follows:
The selection of 12.1 parent populations and cultivation
Parent population picks up from the good pond of water quality, select physique stalwartness, neat specification, movable flexible, the anosis individuality without wound, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40 mg/litre, be put in indoor common aquarium, breeding density be 300-350 tail/square metre, put into long 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter, raising water is the running water of aeration, the depth of water remains on 50cm, and whole day is filtered and oxygen supply for 24 hours.After 3 days, every natural gift are thrown something and fed for 2 times, be arranged in respectively 8 a.m. and afternoon 5 point.Daily ration, feeding quantity is grasped flexibly depending on weather and food situation, the particulate material of feed request protein content more than 30% of throwing something and feeding, and agreeable to the taste.Be warmed to 28 ± 1 DEG C gradually after 10 days, change 1/4 water yield every 10 days.
The selection and culture of 12.2 freshwater mussels
Gather wild body long 50-80mm dome pearl oyster (Uniodouglasiae), select shell complete without incomplete, " belly " drum circle, the healthy and strong grossness of freshwater mussel body, the freshwater mussel that closed shell power is strong, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40 mg/litre, be put into whole day in container and beat oxygen, make to be raised to 28 ± 1 DEG C gradually in the 3 day time of water temperature, change the running water of 1-2 aeration every day, until mucus is told totally, the diameter that starts to throw something and feed is less than the pellet of 1mm, once a day, diet biomass is 10 ~ 20 mg/litre.
The mating of 12.3 parent populations
Parent population and freshwater mussel domestication cultivation are after 30 days, the female fish parent fish that parent population is left and taken can see pure and fresh ovary profile, oviduct extends into tubulose is individual and light milter parent population of pressing belly to have the outflow of milky seminal fluid is individual, be the ratio of 3:1 in sex ration, put into breeding case, density be 250-300 tail/square metre, put into the freshwater mussel 100/square metre after domestication, water temperature 28 ± 1 DEG C simultaneously, put into 3-4cm gold mouse 8 tail/square metre, put into 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter.Start timing when chasing mating from parent population, the freshwater mussel of picking up afterwards for 20 days bottom all breeding casees is put in the incubator box above it, puts into the freshwater mussel of equal number in breeding case simultaneously.Between parent population mating season, daily ration, feeding quantity increases by 5% than during domestication, throws something and feeds in 8 a.m. and at 5 in afternoon, at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days.Being put in freshwater mussel 1-3 days in incubator box just just has Bitterling Welfare fry to swim out of, and within every 2 days, gathers a seed.Put into incubator box through the freshwater mussel going out fry of 20 days, again put back to bottom breeding case, so that Bitterling Welfare fish lays eggs, all freshwater mussels of simultaneously fishing for bottom former breeding case put into incubator box, exchange after 20 days with the freshwater mussel at the bottom of case again, so circulate and carry out.
The collection of 12.4 fries and cultivation
Collection fry is put into seed rearing case and cultivates, and keeps depth of water 30-40cm, water temperature 28 ± 1 DEG C.Put seedling and go in case the mixed liquor adding chlorella, scenedemine and crescent moon algae, density is 20 ~ 30/milliliter, within later every 7 days, throws in once.Open-mouthed bait was paramecium and the wheel animalcule of 70 eye mesh screens, and density is 4-6/milliliter, and morning and afternoon respectively throws something and feeds once, and cultivate the wheel animalcule, the Moina that within 15 days, supplemented 40 eye mesh screens afterwards, once within every 3 days, change water once, quantity of exchanged water is 30% at 2 days soil pick-up clear ends.As long as the fry of birth all can be raised together with in 40 days, breeding density be 20000 tails/square metre, when fry grows to total length 15mm, alternately throw something and feed water earthworm and wheel animalcule, zooplankton is fished for after rear use 20 object screen cloth filters and throws something and feeds, morning and afternoon respectively throws something and feeds once, and water once, was changed once every other day in 2 days soil pick-up clear ends, quantity of exchanged water is 40-50%, breeding density be 15000 tails/square metre, when fry grows to more than total length 30mm, pond can be put into and carry out conventional cultivation.
Last it is noted that above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (2)
1. a Chinese Bitterling Welfare efficient propagation method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The selection of step one parent population and cultivation
Parent population picks up from the good pond of water quality, selection physique is healthy and strong, neat specification, flexibly movable, the anosis individuality without wound, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40mg/L, be put in indoor common aquarium, breeding density be 300-350 tail/square metre, put into long 50cm waterweed 40 strain/square metre, raising water is the running water of aeration, the depth of water remains on 50cm, whole day is filtered and oxygen supply for 24 hours, after 3 days, every natural gift are thrown something and fed for 2 times, be arranged in respectively 8 a.m. and afternoon 5 point, the particulate material of feed request protein content more than 30% of throwing something and feeding, 28 ± 1 DEG C are warmed to gradually after 10 days, 1/4 water yield is changed every 10 days,
The selection and culture of step 2 freshwater mussel
Gather wild body long 50-80mm dome pearl oyster (Uniodouglasiae), select shell complete without incomplete, " belly " drum circle, the healthy and strong grossness of freshwater mussel body, the freshwater mussel that closed shell power is strong, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40mg/L, be put into whole day in container and beat oxygen, make to be raised to 28 ± 1 DEG C gradually in the 3 day time of water temperature, change the running water of 1-2 aeration every day, until mucus is told totally, the diameter that starts to throw something and feed is less than the pellet of 1mm, once a day, diet biomass is 10 ~ 20 mg/litre;
The mating of step 3 parent population
Parent population and freshwater mussel domestication cultivation are after 30 days, parent population is left and taken and can see pure and fresh ovary profile, oviduct extends into the female fish parent fish individuality of tubulose and light milter parent population individuality of pressing belly to have the outflow of milky seminal fluid, be the ratio of 3:1 in sex ration, put into breeding case, density be 250-300 tail/square metre, put into the freshwater mussel 100/square metre after domestication simultaneously, water temperature 28 ± 1 DEG C, put into 3-4cm gold moss mouse (Gyrinocheilusaymoniervar.) 8 tail/square metre, put into 50cm waterweed 40 strain/square metre, timing is started when chasing mating from parent population, the freshwater mussel of picking up afterwards for 20 days bottom all breeding casees is put in the incubator box above it, in breeding case, put into the freshwater mussel of equal number simultaneously, between parent population mating season, daily ration, feeding quantity increases by 5% than during domestication, 8 a.m. and at 5 in afternoon throw something and feed, at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days, being put in freshwater mussel 1-3 days in incubator box just has Bitterling Welfare fry to swim out of, within every 2 days, gather a seed, put into incubator box through the freshwater mussel going out fry of 20 days, again put back to bottom breeding case, so that Bitterling Welfare fish lays eggs, all freshwater mussels of simultaneously fishing for bottom former breeding case put into incubator box, exchange with the freshwater mussel at the bottom of case again after 20 days, circulation like this is carried out,
The collection of step 4 fry and cultivation
Collection fry is put into seed rearing case and cultivates, keep depth of water 30-40cm, water temperature 28 ± 1 DEG C, put seedling to go in case and add chlorella, the mixed liquor of scenedemine and crescent moon algae, density is 20 ~ 30/milliliter, within every 7 days later, throw in once, open-mouthed bait was paramecium and the wheel animalcule of 70 eye mesh screens, density is 4-6/mL, morning and afternoon respectively throws something and feeds once, cultivate the wheel animalcule supplementing 40 eye mesh screens for 15 days afterwards, Moina, 2 days soil pick-up clear ends, once, within every 3 days, change water once, quantity of exchanged water is 30%, as long as the fry of birth all can be raised together with in 40 days, breeding density be 20000 tails/square metre, when fry grows to total length 15mm, alternately to throw something and feed water earthworm and wheel animalcule, zooplankton is fished for after rear use 20 object screen cloth filters and throws something and feeds, morning and afternoon respectively throws something and feeds once, 2 days soil pick-up clear ends, once, change water every other day once, quantity of exchanged water is 40-50%, breeding density be 15000 tails/square metre, when fry grows to more than total length 30mm, pond can be put into and carry out conventional cultivation.
2. Chinese Bitterling Welfare efficient propagation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the filter cotton interval in filter uses, and at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days; The micro-pore diameter of incubator box bottom is 1mm; Immersible pump outlet pipe will exceed the water surface at least 15cm.
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| CN104430086A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-25 | 苏州苏湘特种水产养殖场 | Fish culture net cage structure |
| CN104756911A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-08 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | Ecological 3D breeding method of bitterling and odontobutis obscura |
| CN105123560B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2018-01-02 | 神农架林区佳园科技养殖有限公司 | The mating system of red tail pair loach fry and the incubator for its incubating oosperm |
| CN105379649B (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2018-02-09 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of Bitterling Welfare greenhouses cement pond ecological morning breeding method |
| CN106106297B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2020-06-30 | 辽宁省淡水水产科学研究院 | Artificial breeding method for rhodeus bitterling |
| CN107114284B (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2020-10-20 | 临沂大学 | Fish egg gathering and hatching device for rhodeus |
| CN109247274B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-01-05 | 武汉中科水生环境工程股份有限公司 | Biological method for propagation of benthonic animals for water body ecological restoration |
| CN112021219B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2023-07-11 | 浙江海洋大学 | Method for improving spawning quantity of cheilinus comatus |
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