CN104012435A - Efficient breeding method for Rhodeus sinensis - Google Patents
Efficient breeding method for Rhodeus sinensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of native fish farming studies, and relates to an efficient breeding method for Rhodeus sinensis. The problems that an existing breeding technology is greatly influenced by seasons, temperature, hydrology and other natural conditions, and the breeding potential is not high are solved. The Rhodeus sinensis is bred ceaselessly in the whole year, and is high in breeding potential and easy to manage, and factory-like breeding can be carried out. The method comprises the steps of domestication breeding of parent fishes and clams, copulation of the parent fishes and offspring seed breeding, and is characterized in that the parent fishes and Unio douglasiae are collected in the field, domestication treatment is carried out for 30 days, female fishes with fallopian tubes extending to be tubular and male fishes with seminal fluid flowing out by slightly pressing the bellies are selected, the female fishes and the male fishes are placed in a specially-made breeding box with the ratio of 3:1, the clams are put in at the same time, the clams are placed in an incubator after 20 days of oviposition, the other batch of clams is placed in the breeding box, the clams in the breeding box are exchanged with the clams in the incubator every 20 days, Rhodeus sinensis offspring seeds in the incubator are collected once every two days and placed in the breeding box to be bred, and normal breeding is carried out when fish fries grow to be 30 mm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to primary fish culture research field, relate in particular to the indoor propagation technology of Chinese Bitterling Welfare.
Background technology
China Bitterling Welfare (Rhodeus sinensis), belong to Cypriniformes (Cypriniformes) Cyprinidae (Cyprinidae) Interpretive subfamily (Acheilognathinae), that Bitterling Welfare belongs to the dwelling property fish of the small-sized end of one in (Rhodeus), this kind of Bitterling Welfare is distributed widely in China other each fresh water basins except Heillongjiang River system, the primary fancy fishes of Chinese Famous, have higher ornamental value and edibility, market demand increases day by day.Because the factor such as water pollution, overfishing has caused the continuous atrophy of the wild fingerling resource in many this locality, some populations even become extinct in recent years, and Chinese Bitterling Welfare population is also had a strong impact on.For protecting the indigenous stock of fish, expand Chinese Bitterling Welfare population, alleviate the demand and supply contraction, it is carried out to artificial propagation extremely urgent.
At present, less to the research of Chinese Bitterling Welfare artificial propagation both at home and abroad, only there are the people such as royal power to carry out the Chinese Bitterling Welfare selection research to freshwater mussel size and research of Chinese Bitterling Welfare both sexes morphological feature and female adult fertility while laying eggs at present; Shen Jianzhong carried out Chinese Bitterling Welfare reproductive habit preliminary observation, China of Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College Bitterling Welfare breeding succeeds, make the Chinese Bitterling Welfare success rate of laying eggs improve nearly 10 times than natural spawning, improve nearly 5 times than Ecology breeding spawning rate, but be also outdoor Bionic reproduction, be subject to the effect of natural conditions such as season, temperature, the hydrology larger.
My research finds, under constant indoor temperature condition, can realize Chinese Bitterling Welfare the breeding whole year, the success rate of laying eggs improves nearly 30 times than natural spawning, possesses the advantages such as simple to operate, convenient management, can realize batch production and produce.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of current technology, the invention provides the method for Chinese Bitterling Welfare indoor artificial propagation, concrete technical scheme is as follows:
The selection of 1 parent population and cultivation
Parent population is picked up from the good pond of water quality, select physique stalwartness, neat specification, movable flexible, the anosis individuality without wound, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40mg/L, be put in indoor common aquarium, breeding density be 300-350 tail/square metre, put into long 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter, to raise water be aeration running water, the depth of water remains on 50cm, and whole day is filtered and oxygen supply for 24 hours.After 3 days, every natural gift are thrown something and fed for 2 times, be arranged in respectively 8 a.m. and afternoons 5 point.Daily ration, feeding quantity is grasped flexibly depending on weather and food situation, the particulate material of the feed request protein content of throwing something and feeding more than 30%, and also agreeable to the taste.After 10 days, be warmed to gradually 28 ± 1 DEG C, changed 1/4 water yield every 10 days.
2. the selection and culture of freshwater mussel
Gather the long 50-80mm dome of wild body pearl oyster (Unio douglasiae), select shell complete without incomplete, " belly " drum circle, the healthy and strong grossness of freshwater mussel body, the freshwater mussel that closed shell power is strong, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40mg/L, be put into whole day in container and beat oxygen, make to be raised to gradually 28 ± 1 DEG C in the 3 day time of water temperature, change the running water of 1-2 aeration every day, until mucus tells totally, the diameter that starts to throw something and feed is less than the pellet of 1mm, once a day, diet biomass is 10～20 mg/litre.
3. the mating of parent population
Parent population and freshwater mussel domestication were cultivated after 30 days, parent population is left and taken and can see pure and fresh ovary profile, oviduct to extend into the female fish parent fish of tubulose individual and gently press belly to have the milter parent population individuality that milky seminal fluid flows out, the ratio that is 3:1 in male and female ratio, put into breeding case, density be 250-300 tail/square metre, put into 100/square metre of freshwater mussels after domestication, 28 ± 1 DEG C of water temperatures simultaneously, put into 3-4cm gold mouse 8 tails/square metre, put into 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter.In the time that parent population starts to chase mating, start timing, the freshwater mussel of picking up all breeding casees bottom after 20 days is put in the incubator box of its top, the freshwater mussel of simultaneously putting into equal number in breeding case.Between parent population mating season, daily ration, feeding quantity time increases by 5% than domestication, throws something and feeds in 5 of 8 a.m. and afternoons, at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days.Be put in freshwater mussel 1-3 days in incubator box and just just have Bitterling Welfare fry to swim out of, within every 2 days, gather a seed.Put into the freshwater mussel that go out fry of incubator box through 20d, again put back to breeding case bottom, so that Bitterling Welfare fish lays eggs, fish for all freshwater mussels of former breeding case bottom simultaneously and put into incubator box, after 20 days, exchange with the freshwater mussel at the bottom of case again, so loop.
4. the collection of fry and cultivation
Collection fry is put into seed rearing case and cultivates, and keeps depth of water 30-40cm, 28 ± 1 DEG C of water temperatures.Put seedling and go to the mixed liquor that adds chlorella, scenedemine and crescent moon algae in case, density is 20～30/milliliter, within later every 7 days, throws in once.Open-mouthed bait was paramecium and the wheel animalcule of 70 eye mesh screens, and density is 4-6/milliliter, and respectively throw something and feed once morning and afternoon, cultivates the wheel animalcule, the Moina that within 15 days, supplemented afterwards 40 eye mesh screens, and water once, was changed once in every 3 days in 2 days clear ends of soil pick-up, and quantity of exchanged water is 30%.As long as the fry of birth all can be raised together with in 40 days, breeding density be 20000 tails/square metre, when fry grows to total length 15mm, alternately throw something and feed water earthworm and wheel animalcule, zooplankton is fished for after rear use 20 object screen clothes filter and throws something and feeds, respectively throw something and feed once morning and afternoon, and water once, was changed once every other day in 2 days clear ends of soil pick-up, quantity of exchanged water is 40-50%, breeding density be 15000 tails/square metre, more than fry grows to total length 30mm, can put into pond and carry out conventional cultivation.
beneficial effect
Both at home and abroad about studying the less of Chinese Bitterling Welfare artificial fecundation method; there is artificial propagation successfully to report; but be all subject to the restriction of mating season, breeding environmental factor; this research is concentrated and has been considered to improve Chinese Bitterling Welfare spawning rate and incubation rate key issue; by homemade breeding case; the environment of constant water temperature, suitable water quality is provided; realize the not intermittently breeding whole year of Chinese Bitterling Welfare; make to lay eggs with hatching success than improving nearly 30 times under natural conditions; have that reproduction rate is high, easy operating, the advantage such as nuisanceless, can carry out batch production, biological control.
brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1. Chinese Bitterling Welfare breeding box structure figure.
Wherein Reference numeral is: 1. breeding case; 2. filter; 3. filter support; 4. three-in-one immersible pump; 5. immersible pump drinking-water pipe; 6. immersible pump outlet pipe; 7. incubator box; 8. air outlet slit; 9. permeable hole: aperture 1mm
Embodiment
1. breeding Bitterling Welfare all vessel used carry out disinfection after washing, and use ultraviolet lamp disinfection, sterilization 10-20 minute;
2. the height of breeding case can not be lower than 60cm, and length and width are determined according to putting place, and breeding case water level remains on 50cm;
3. because stock freshwater mussel and Bitterling Welfare parent population are all picked up from field, before cultivating, domestication needs strict sterilization;
4. in Bitterling Welfare reproductive process, waterweed used can purify water, and because its growth is rapid, need prune in time;
5. ceramic ring is put in filter bottom, can promote the breeding of nitrifying bacteria, generally, ceramic ring volume will account for 3～5% of full cylinder water volume, filter pulp is let slip on top, and filter cotton interval is used, and at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days, clean in time, change filter cotton, object is for the freshwater mussel in incubator box provides food in the situation that ensureing water quality;
6. the filter screen that installation aperture, immersible pump drinking-water pipe lower end is 0.2cm, prevents that parent population from entering drinking-water pipe; The micro-pore diameter of incubator box bottom is 1mm, when can ensureing incubator box water penetration, prevents fry flight;
7, the function that three-in-one immersible pump has filtration, oxygenation, draws water, according to breeding case moisture storage capacity reasonable disposition, when immersible pump work, large quantity of air sprays from air outlet slit, increases the oxygen content of water body, current enter filter from immersible pump drinking-water pipe simultaneously, flow through filter cotton, ceramic ring, finally flow out from immersible pump outlet pipe, enters incubator box.Immersible pump outlet pipe will exceed at least 15cm of the water surface, increases mobility and the oxygen content of water in incubator box.Except throwing something and feeding, feed other times immersible pump is all in duty.
8. mouse fishing gear has the effect of cleaning glass casing, can keep casing cleaning, saves the loaded down with trivial details work of artificial knock-out.
9. there is the habit of the firm fry that eats due to parent population, so the freshwater mussel after laying eggs will will be put into and isolate hatching in incubator box.Fertilized egg is developed to the time range that fry initiatively swims out of from freshwater mussel and is generally 20～26 days in freshwater mussel branchial plate, so through the freshwater mussel that goes out fry of 20 days, can again put into breeding case and continue to lay eggs for parent population.
10. in the time of seed rearing, toward the mixed liquor that adds chlorella, scenedemine and crescent moon algae in incubator, density is 20～30/milliliter, throws in once weekly, seed fish is ingested balanced in nutrition, and incubator whole day is beaten oxygen with ordinary oxygen air pump in 24 hours.
11. breeding casees, seed rearing case can be put by layered stereoscopic, save space, are convenient to centralized management.
12. Chinese Bitterling Welfare propagation steps are as follows:
The selection of 12.1 parent populations and cultivation
Parent population is picked up from the good pond of water quality, select physique stalwartness, neat specification, movable flexible, the anosis individuality without wound, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40 mg/litre, be put in indoor common aquarium, breeding density be 300-350 tail/square metre, put into long 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter, to raise water be aeration running water, the depth of water remains on 50cm, and whole day is filtered and oxygen supply for 24 hours.After 3 days, every natural gift are thrown something and fed for 2 times, be arranged in respectively 8 a.m. and afternoons 5 point.Daily ration, feeding quantity is grasped flexibly depending on weather and food situation, the particulate material of the feed request protein content of throwing something and feeding more than 30%, and also agreeable to the taste.After 10 days, be warmed to gradually 28 ± 1 DEG C, changed 1/4 water yield every 10 days.
The selection and culture of 12.2 freshwater mussels
Gather the long 50-80mm dome of wild body pearl oyster (Unio douglasiae), select shell complete without incomplete, " belly " drum circle, the healthy and strong grossness of freshwater mussel body, the freshwater mussel that closed shell power is strong, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40 mg/litre, be put into whole day in container and beat oxygen, make to be raised to gradually 28 ± 1 DEG C in the 3 day time of water temperature, change the running water of 1-2 aeration every day, until mucus tells totally, the diameter that starts to throw something and feed is less than the pellet of 1mm, once a day, diet biomass is 10～20 mg/litre.
The mating of 12.3 parent populations
Parent population and freshwater mussel domestication were cultivated after 30 days, parent population is left and taken and can see pure and fresh ovary profile, oviduct to extend into the female fish parent fish of tubulose individual and gently press belly to have the milter parent population individuality that milky seminal fluid flows out, the ratio that is 3:1 in male and female ratio, put into breeding case, density be 250-300 tail/square metre, put into 100/square metre of freshwater mussels after domestication, 28 ± 1 DEG C of water temperatures simultaneously, put into 3-4cm gold mouse 8 tails/square metre, put into 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter.In the time that parent population starts to chase mating, start timing, the freshwater mussel of picking up all breeding casees bottom after 20 days is put in the incubator box of its top, the freshwater mussel of simultaneously putting into equal number in breeding case.Between parent population mating season, daily ration, feeding quantity time increases by 5% than domestication, throws something and feeds in 5 of 8 a.m. and afternoons, at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days.Be put in freshwater mussel 1-3 days in incubator box and just just have Bitterling Welfare fry to swim out of, within every 2 days, gather a seed.Put into incubator box through the freshwater mussel that goes out fry of 20 days, again put back to breeding case bottom, so that Bitterling Welfare fish lays eggs, fish for all freshwater mussels of former breeding case bottom simultaneously and put into incubator box, after 20 days again with freshwater mussel exchange at the bottom of case, so loop.
The collection of 12.4 fries and cultivation
Collection fry is put into seed rearing case and cultivates, and keeps depth of water 30-40cm, 28 ± 1 DEG C of water temperatures.Put seedling and go to the mixed liquor that adds chlorella, scenedemine and crescent moon algae in case, density is 20～30/milliliter, within later every 7 days, throws in once.Open-mouthed bait was paramecium and the wheel animalcule of 70 eye mesh screens, and density is 4-6/milliliter, and respectively throw something and feed once morning and afternoon, cultivates the wheel animalcule, the Moina that within 15 days, supplemented afterwards 40 eye mesh screens, and water once, was changed once in every 3 days in 2 days clear ends of soil pick-up, and quantity of exchanged water is 30%.As long as the fry of birth all can be raised together with in 40 days, breeding density be 20000 tails/square metre, when fry grows to total length 15mm, alternately throw something and feed water earthworm and wheel animalcule, zooplankton is fished for after rear use 20 object screen clothes filter and throws something and feeds, respectively throw something and feed once morning and afternoon, and water once, was changed once every other day in 2 days clear ends of soil pick-up, quantity of exchanged water is 40-50%, breeding density be 15000 tails/square metre, more than fry grows to total length 30mm, can put into pond and carry out conventional cultivation.
Finally it should be noted that: above embodiment only, in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit; Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: its technical scheme that still can record previous embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement; And these amendments or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (2)
1. Chinese Bitterling Welfare (Rhodeus sinensis) efficient propagation method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The selection of step 1 parent population and cultivation
Parent population is picked up from the good pond of water quality, selection physique stalwartness, neat specification, flexibly movable, the anosis individuality without wound, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40mg/L, be put in indoor common aquarium, breeding density be 300-350 tail/square metre, put into long 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter, the running water that raising water is aeration, the depth of water remains on 50cm, whole day is filtered and oxygen supply for 24 hours, after 3 days, every natural gift are thrown something and fed for 2 times, be arranged in respectively 8 a.m. and afternoons 5 point, the particulate material of the feed request protein content of throwing something and feeding more than 30%, after 10 days, be warmed to gradually 28 ± 1 DEG C, changed 1/4 water yield every 10 days,
The selection and culture of step 2 freshwater mussel
Gather the long 50-80mm dome of wild body pearl oyster (Unio douglasiae), select shell complete without incomplete, " belly " drum circle, the healthy and strong grossness of freshwater mussel body, the freshwater mussel that closed shell power is strong, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40mg/L, be put into whole day in container and beat oxygen, make to be raised to gradually 28 ± 1 DEG C in the 3 day time of water temperature, change the running water of 1-2 aeration every day, until mucus tells totally, the diameter that starts to throw something and feed is less than the pellet of 1mm, once a day, diet biomass is 10～20 mg/litre;
The mating of step 3 parent population
Parent population and freshwater mussel domestication were cultivated after 30 days, parent population is left and taken and can see pure and fresh ovary profile, female fish parent fish individuality and the light belly of pressing that oviduct extends into tubulose have the milter parent population individuality that milky seminal fluid flows out, the ratio that is 3:1 in male and female ratio, put into breeding case, density be 250-300 tail/square metre, put into 100/square metre of freshwater mussels after domestication simultaneously, 28 ± 1 DEG C of water temperatures, put into 3-4cm gold mouse 8 tails/square metre, put into 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter, in the time that starting to chase mating, parent population starts timing, the freshwater mussel of picking up all breeding casees bottom after 20 days is put in the incubator box of its top, the freshwater mussel of simultaneously putting into equal number in breeding case, when daily ration, feeding quantity is than domestication between parent population mating season, increase by 5%, throw something and feed in 5 of 8 a.m. and afternoons, at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days, being put in freshwater mussel 1-3 days in incubator box just just has Bitterling Welfare fry to swim out of, within every 2 days, gather a seed, put into incubator box through the freshwater mussel that goes out fry of 20 days, again put back to breeding case bottom, so that Bitterling Welfare fish lays eggs, fish for all freshwater mussels of former breeding case bottom simultaneously and put into incubator box, after 20 days, exchange with the freshwater mussel at the bottom of case again, so loop,
The collection of step 4 fry and cultivation
Collection fry is put into seed rearing case and cultivates, keep depth of water 30-40cm, 28 ± 1 DEG C of water temperatures, putting seedling goes to and in case, adds chlorella, the mixed liquor of scenedemine and crescent moon algae, density is 20～30/milliliter, within every 7 days later, throw in once, open-mouthed bait was paramecium and the wheel animalcule of 70 eye mesh screens, density is 4-6/ml, respectively throw something and feed once morning and afternoon, cultivate the wheel animalcule of supplementing afterwards 40 eye mesh screens for 15 days, Moina, 2 days clear ends of soil pick-up, once, within every 3 days, change water once, quantity of exchanged water is 30%, as long as the fry of birth all can be raised together with in 40 days, breeding density be 20000 tails/square metre, when fry grows to total length 15mm, alternately throw something and feed water earthworm and wheel animalcule, zooplankton is fished for after rear use 20 object screen clothes filter and throws something and feeds, respectively throw something and feed once morning and afternoon, 2 days clear ends of soil pick-up, once, change every other day water once, quantity of exchanged water is 40-50%, breeding density be 15000 tails/square metre, more than fry grows to total length 30mm, can put into pond and carry out conventional cultivation.
2. Chinese Bitterling Welfare efficient propagation method claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the filter cotton interval in filter is used, and at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days; The micro-pore diameter of incubator box bottom is 1mm; Immersible pump outlet pipe will exceed at least 15cm of the water surface.
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| CN104430086A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-25 | 苏州苏湘特种水产养殖场 | Fish culture net cage structure |
| CN104756911A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-08 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | Ecological 3D breeding method of bitterling and odontobutis obscura |
| CN105123560A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-12-09 | 神农架林区佳园科技养殖有限公司 | Breeding method for paracobitis variegatus fries and incubator used for hatching oosperms of paracobitis variegatus |
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| CN105123560A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-12-09 | 神农架林区佳园科技养殖有限公司 | Breeding method for paracobitis variegatus fries and incubator used for hatching oosperms of paracobitis variegatus |
| CN105379649A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-03-09 | 上海市水产研究所 | Ecological early-breeding method of rhodeus in greenhouse cement pond |
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| CN109247274A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-22 | 武汉中科水生环境工程股份有限公司 | A kind of zoobenthos for water ecology reparation expands numerous bioanalysis |
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| CN112021219A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2020-12-04 | 浙江海洋大学 | Method for improving brood volume of acrossocheilus fasciatus |
| CN112021219B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2023-07-11 | 浙江海洋大学 | Method for improving spawning quantity of cheilinus comatus |
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