CN104012435A - Efficient breeding method for Rhodeus sinensis - Google Patents

Abstract

The high-efficiency breeding method of Rhodeus sinensis belongs to the research field of native fish culture. In order to solve the problems that the existing breeding technology is greatly affected by natural conditions such as seasons, temperature, and hydrology, and the reproduction rate is not high, the present invention realizes the annual non-intermittent reproduction of Selina sinensis, which has a high reproduction rate, is easy to manage, and can be carried out in factories. Breeding. The invention includes the domestication and breeding of broodstock and river mussels, mating of broodstock, and seedling cultivation, and is characterized in that after 30 days of domestication treatment, the broodstock and mussels are collected in the field, and the female fish whose oviduct is extended into a tubular shape is selected and the belly is pressed lightly The male fish with semen flow out is put into a special breeding box with a male to female ratio of 3:1, and mussels are put in at the same time. After 20 days of spawning, the mussels are put into the incubator box, and another batch of mussels are placed in the breeding box. , every 20 days to exchange with the river mussels in the incubator, and the seedlings in the incubator are collected every 2 days and placed in the seed incubator for cultivation. The fry grow to 30mm for conventional breeding.

Description

Efficient Propagation Methods of Rhodeus sinensis

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of native fish breeding research, and in particular relates to the indoor breeding technology of the Chinese bream.

Background technique

Rhodeus sinensis, belonging to Cypriniformes (Cypriniformes) Cyprinidae (Cyprinidae) subfamily (Acheilognathinae), is a small bottom-dwelling fish in the genus Rhodeus (Rhodeus). Distributed in all freshwater basins in China except the Heilongjiang River System, it is a famous native ornamental fish in China. It has high ornamental value and edible value, and the market demand is increasing day by day. In recent years, due to factors such as water pollution and overfishing, many local wild fish species resources have been shrinking, and some species have even become extinct. In order to protect the indigenous fish resources, expand the population of Selina sinensis, and alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand in the market, it is imminent to artificially reproduce it.

At present, there are few researches on the artificial reproduction of S. sinensis at home and abroad. At present, only Wang Quan et al. have carried out the research on the selection of the size of mussels during the spawning of S. Sinensis and the research on the sexual morphology and female adult fertility of S. Sinensis. ; Shen Jianzhong conducted a preliminary observation of the reproductive habits of Sinensis chinensis. Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science and Technology has succeeded in the reproduction of Sinensis Sinensis. The rate is increased by nearly 5 times, but it is also an outdoor bionic breeding, which is greatly affected by natural conditions such as seasons, temperature, and hydrology.

My research found that under constant indoor temperature conditions, the year-round reproduction of Selina sinensis can be realized, and the success rate of spawning is nearly 30 times higher than that of natural spawning. It has the advantages of simple operation and convenient management, and can realize industrial production.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies in the present technology, the invention provides the method for the indoor artificial propagation of Selina sinensis, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:

1 Selection and cultivation of broodstock

The broodstock is collected from ponds with good water quality. Select individuals with strong physique, neat specifications, flexible activities, no disease and no injury, soak them in 30-40mg/L salt water for 5-8 minutes, and put them in an ordinary indoor aquarium. The stocking density is 300-350 tails/square meter, and 40 plants/square meter of 50cm long water grass are put in. The feeding water is aerated tap water, the water depth is kept at 50cm, and it is filtered and oxygenated 24 hours a day. After 3 days, feed them twice a day at 8:00 am and 5:00 pm. The feeding amount can be flexibly controlled depending on the weather and eating conditions. The feed required to be fed requires pellets with a protein content of more than 30%, and it must be palatable. After 10 days, gradually heat up to 28±1°C, and change 1/4 of the water every 10 days.

2. Selection and cultivation of mussels

Collect wild mussels (Unio douglasiae) with a body length of 50-80mm, select the mussels with intact shells, bulging "belly", strong and plump mussels, and strong shell closure, and use 30-40mg/L salt water Soak and disinfect for 5-8 minutes, put it in the container and infuse oxygen throughout the day, so that the water temperature will gradually rise to 28±1°C within 3 days, change the aerated tap water 1-2 times a day, until the mucus is spit out, and start feeding the diameter Feed pellets smaller than 1 mm, once a day, with a biomass of 10-20 mg/L.

3. Mating of broodstock

After 30 days of domestication and cultivation of broodstock and river mussels, the broodstock broodstock individuals with fresh ovary contours can be seen and the fallopian tubes extend into a tubular shape, and the male fish broodstock individuals with milky white semen flowing out of the abdomen when lightly pressed, the male-to-female ratio is 3 : 1 ratio, put it into the breeding box, the density is 250-300/square meter, put 100 domesticated river mussels/square meter at the same time, the water temperature is 28±1°C, put 8 golden mice/3-4cm square meter, put 40 plants/square meter of 50cm water Yuncao. Start timing when the broodstock starts to chase and mate, pick up all the mussels at the bottom of the breeding box and put them in the hatching box above it after 20 days, and put the same number of mussels in the breeding box simultaneously. During the mating period of the broodstock, the amount of feeding was increased by 5% compared with the time of acclimation, feeding at 8:00 am and 5:00 pm, and the filter cotton was put back into the filter device for 1-2 days every 7 days. The river mussels placed in the incubator will have scallop fry swimming out within 1-3 days, and the fry will be collected every 2 days. After 20 days of frying in the incubator, put the mussels back to the bottom of the breeding box so that the oysters can lay eggs. At the same time, all the mussels at the bottom of the original breeding box are taken out and put into the incubator. The exchange of mussels is carried out in such a cycle.

4. Collection and cultivation of fry

Collect the fry and put them in the seed cultivation box for cultivation, keep the water depth at 30-40cm, and the water temperature at 28±1°C. Put the seedlings to the box and add the mixed solution of Chlorella, Scenedesmus and Crescent algae at a density of 20-30/ml, and put them in once every 7 days. The open bait is paramecium and rotifers that have passed through a 70-mesh sieve, and the density is 4-6 per milliliter. Feed once in the morning and afternoon. After 15 days of cultivation, add rotifers and rotifers that have passed through a 40-mesh sieve for 2 days Absorb the dirt and clear the bottom once, change the water every 3 days, and the water change volume is 30%. As long as the fish fry born within 40 days can be mixed, the stocking density is 20,000 fish/square meter. When the fry grow to a total length of 15mm, they will be fed with water earthworms and rotifers alternately. Hey, feed once in the morning and afternoon, once every 2 days to suck up the dirt and clear the bottom, change the water once every other day, the amount of water change is 40-50%, the stocking density is 15000 fish/square meter, when the fry grow to more than 30mm in length, you can Put into ponds for conventional culture.

Beneficial effect

At home and abroad, there are few researches on the artificial propagation methods of S. sinensis, and there are reports of successful artificial propagation, but they are all limited by the breeding season and breeding environment factors. This study focuses on the key issues of improving the spawning rate and hatching rate of S. chinensis. , through the self-made breeding box, provide a constant water temperature and suitable water quality environment, realize the year-round non-intermittent reproduction of Selina sinensis, and increase the success rate of spawning and hatching by nearly 30 times compared with natural conditions, with high reproduction rate and easy operation , pollution-free and other advantages, can be factory, large-scale reproduction. the

Description of drawings

Figure 1. Structural diagram of the breeding box of S. sinensis.

Wherein reference signs are: 1. Breeding box; 2. Filtration device; 3. Filtration device bracket; 4. Three-in-one submersible pump; 5. Submersible pump water pipe; 6. Submersible pump outlet pipe; 7. Incubation box; 8 .Air outlet; 9. Permeable hole: diameter 1mm

the

Detailed ways

1. Wash and disinfect all the utensils used for the breeding of squid, and then disinfect them with ultraviolet light for 10-20 minutes;

2. The height of the breeding box should not be lower than 60cm, the length and width should be determined according to the placement site, and the water level of the breeding box should be kept at 50cm;

3. Since the broodstock of river mussels and breams for breeding are all collected from the wild, they need to be strictly disinfected before domestication and cultivation;

4. The water-grass used in the breeding process of the squid can purify the water quality, and it needs to be trimmed in time because of its rapid growth;

5. A ceramic ring is placed at the bottom of the filter device, which can promote the reproduction of nitrifying bacteria. Generally, the volume of the ceramic ring accounts for 3-5% of the water volume of the whole tank, and the filter cotton is placed on the upper part, and the filter cotton is used at intervals of 7 days. Put the filter cotton back into the filter for 1-2 days, clean and replace the filter cotton in time, the purpose is to provide food for the mussels in the incubator while ensuring the water quality;

6. A filter screen with a diameter of 0.2cm is installed at the lower end of the suction pipe of the submersible pump to prevent broodstock from entering the suction pipe; the micropore diameter at the lower part of the incubator is 1mm, which can ensure the water permeability of the incubator and prevent fry from escaping;

7. The three-in-one submersible pump has the functions of filtering, adding oxygen and pumping water. It is reasonably configured according to the water storage capacity of the breeding tank. When the submersible pump is working, a large amount of air is ejected from the air outlet to increase the oxygen content of the water body. The suction pipe enters the filter device, flows through the filter cotton, the ceramic ring, and finally flows out of the submersible pump outlet pipe and enters the incubator. The outlet pipe of the submersible pump should be at least 15cm above the water surface to increase the fluidity and oxygen content of the water in the incubator. The submersible pumps are in working condition except for feeding feed.

8. Ratfish has the function of cleaning the glass box, which can keep the box clean and save the tedious work of manual box cleaning.

9. Since broodstock have the habit of devouring just fry, the river mussels after spawning should be placed in the incubator for isolation and hatching. The time range from the fertilized eggs developing in the gills of the mussels to the fry actively swimming out of the mussels is generally 20-26 days, so the mussels that have hatched after 20 days can be put into the breeding box again for the broodstock to continue to spawn .

10. When cultivating seedlings, add a mixture of Chlorella, Scenedesmus and Crescent algae to the incubator at a density of 20-30 per milliliter, and put them in once a week to make the seedling fish eat a balanced diet and cultivate The tank is pumped with oxygen 24 hours a day with an ordinary oxygen pump.

11. Breeding boxes and seed cultivation boxes can be placed in layers and three-dimensionally, which saves space and facilitates centralized management. the

12. The breeding steps of Chinese squid are as follows:

12.1 Selection and cultivation of broodstock

The broodstock are collected from ponds with good water quality. Select individuals with strong physique, neat specifications, flexible activities, no diseases and no injuries, soak and disinfect them with 30-40 mg/L salt water for 5-8 minutes, and put them in an ordinary indoor aquarium , The stocking density is 300-350 tails/square meter, put 40 plants/square meter of 50cm long water grass, the feeding water is aerated tap water, the water depth is kept at 50cm, and it is filtered and oxygenated 24 hours a day. After 3 days, feed them twice a day at 8:00 am and 5:00 pm. The feeding amount can be flexibly controlled depending on the weather and eating conditions. The feed required to be fed requires pellets with a protein content of more than 30%, and it must be palatable. After 10 days, gradually heat up to 28±1°C, and change 1/4 of the water every 10 days.

12.2 Selection and cultivation of mussels

Collect wild mussels (Unio douglasiae) with a body length of 50-80mm, and select river mussels with intact shells, bulging "abdomen", strong and plump mussels, and strong shell closure, and use 30-40 mg/L of salt Soak and sterilize in water for 5-8 minutes, put it in the container and infuse oxygen throughout the day, gradually increase the water temperature to 28±1°C within 3 days, change the aerated tap water 1-2 times a day, until the mucus is spit out, and start feeding Feed pellets with a diameter of less than 1 mm, once a day, with a biomass of 10-20 mg/L.

12.3 Mating of broodstock

After 30 days of domestication and cultivation of broodstock and river mussels, the broodstock broodstock individuals with fresh ovary contours can be seen and the fallopian tubes extend into a tubular shape, and the male fish broodstock individuals with milky white semen flowing out of the abdomen when lightly pressed, the male-to-female ratio is 3 :1 ratio, put it into the breeding box, the density is 250-300 fish/square meter, and put 100 domesticated mussels/square meter at the same time, the water temperature is 28±1°C, put 8 golden rats of 3-4cm/square meter square meter, put 40 plants/square meter of 50cm water Yuncao. Start timing when the broodstock begins to chase and mate, pick up all the mussels at the bottom of the breeding box and put them in the hatching box above it after 20 days, and put the same number of mussels in the breeding box at the same time. During the mating period of the broodstock, the amount of feeding was increased by 5% compared with the time of acclimation, feeding at 8:00 am and 5:00 pm, and the filter cotton was put back into the filter device for 1-2 days every 7 days. The river mussels placed in the incubator will have scallop fry swimming out within 1-3 days, and the fry will be collected every 2 days. After 20 days of frying in the incubator, put the mussels back to the bottom of the breeding box so that the squid can lay eggs. At the same time, take all the mussels from the bottom of the original breeding box and put them into the incubator. The exchange of mussels is carried out in such a cycle.

12.4 Collection and cultivation of fry

Collect the fry and put them in the seed cultivation box for cultivation, keep the water depth at 30-40cm, and the water temperature at 28±1°C. Put the seedlings to the box and add the mixed solution of Chlorella, Scenedesmus and Crescent algae at a density of 20-30/ml, and put them in once every 7 days. The open bait is paramecium and rotifers that have passed through a 70-mesh sieve, and the density is 4-6 per milliliter. Feed once in the morning and afternoon. After 15 days of cultivation, add rotifers and rotifers that have passed through a 40-mesh sieve for 2 days Absorb the dirt and clear the bottom once, change the water every 3 days, and the water change volume is 30%. As long as the fish fry born within 40 days can be mixed, the stocking density is 20,000 fish/square meter. When the fry grow to a total length of 15mm, they will be fed with water earthworms and rotifers alternately. Hey, feed once in the morning and afternoon, once every 2 days to suck up the dirt and clear the bottom, change the water once every other day, the amount of water change is 40-50%, the stocking density is 15000 fish/square meter, when the fry grow to more than 30mm in length, you can Put into ponds for conventional culture.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. Chinese Bitterling Welfare (Rhodeus sinensis) efficient propagation method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:

The selection of step 1 parent population and cultivation

Parent population is picked up from the good pond of water quality, selection physique stalwartness, neat specification, flexibly movable, the anosis individuality without wound, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40mg/L, be put in indoor common aquarium, breeding density be 300-350 tail/square metre, put into long 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter, the running water that raising water is aeration, the depth of water remains on 50cm, whole day is filtered and oxygen supply for 24 hours, after 3 days, every natural gift are thrown something and fed for 2 times, be arranged in respectively 8 a.m. and afternoons 5 point, the particulate material of the feed request protein content of throwing something and feeding more than 30%, after 10 days, be warmed to gradually 28 ± 1 DEG C, changed 1/4 water yield every 10 days,

The selection and culture of step 2 freshwater mussel

Gather the long 50-80mm dome of wild body pearl oyster (Unio douglasiae), select shell complete without incomplete, " belly " drum circle, the healthy and strong grossness of freshwater mussel body, the freshwater mussel that closed shell power is strong, with the saline solution soaking disinfection 5-8 minute of 30-40mg/L, be put into whole day in container and beat oxygen, make to be raised to gradually 28 ± 1 DEG C in the 3 day time of water temperature, change the running water of 1-2 aeration every day, until mucus tells totally, the diameter that starts to throw something and feed is less than the pellet of 1mm, once a day, diet biomass is 10～20 mg/litre;

The mating of step 3 parent population

Parent population and freshwater mussel domestication were cultivated after 30 days, parent population is left and taken and can see pure and fresh ovary profile, female fish parent fish individuality and the light belly of pressing that oviduct extends into tubulose have the milter parent population individuality that milky seminal fluid flows out, the ratio that is 3:1 in male and female ratio, put into breeding case, density be 250-300 tail/square metre, put into 100/square metre of freshwater mussels after domestication simultaneously, 28 ± 1 DEG C of water temperatures, put into 3-4cm gold mouse 8 tails/square metre, put into 50cm waterweed 40 strains/square meter, in the time that starting to chase mating, parent population starts timing, the freshwater mussel of picking up all breeding casees bottom after 20 days is put in the incubator box of its top, the freshwater mussel of simultaneously putting into equal number in breeding case, when daily ration, feeding quantity is than domestication between parent population mating season, increase by 5%, throw something and feed in 5 of 8 a.m. and afternoons, at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days, being put in freshwater mussel 1-3 days in incubator box just just has Bitterling Welfare fry to swim out of, within every 2 days, gather a seed, put into incubator box through the freshwater mussel that goes out fry of 20 days, again put back to breeding case bottom, so that Bitterling Welfare fish lays eggs, fish for all freshwater mussels of former breeding case bottom simultaneously and put into incubator box, after 20 days, exchange with the freshwater mussel at the bottom of case again, so loop,

The collection of step 4 fry and cultivation

Collection fry is put into seed rearing case and cultivates, keep depth of water 30-40cm, 28 ± 1 DEG C of water temperatures, putting seedling goes to and in case, adds chlorella, the mixed liquor of scenedemine and crescent moon algae, density is 20～30/milliliter, within every 7 days later, throw in once, open-mouthed bait was paramecium and the wheel animalcule of 70 eye mesh screens, density is 4-6/ml, respectively throw something and feed once morning and afternoon, cultivate the wheel animalcule of supplementing afterwards 40 eye mesh screens for 15 days, Moina, 2 days clear ends of soil pick-up, once, within every 3 days, change water once, quantity of exchanged water is 30%, as long as the fry of birth all can be raised together with in 40 days, breeding density be 20000 tails/square metre, when fry grows to total length 15mm, alternately throw something and feed water earthworm and wheel animalcule, zooplankton is fished for after rear use 20 object screen clothes filter and throws something and feeds, respectively throw something and feed once morning and afternoon, 2 days clear ends of soil pick-up, once, change every other day water once, quantity of exchanged water is 40-50%, breeding density be 15000 tails/square metre, more than fry grows to total length 30mm, can put into pond and carry out conventional cultivation.

2. Chinese Bitterling Welfare efficient propagation method claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the filter cotton interval in filter is used, and at interval of 7 days, filter cotton is put back to filter 1-2 days; The micro-pore diameter of incubator box bottom is 1mm; Immersible pump outlet pipe will exceed at least 15cm of the water surface.