CN102379254A - Controllable synchronous brooding breeding method of cherax quadricarinatus - Google Patents
Controllable synchronous brooding breeding method of cherax quadricarinatus Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
本发明提供一种红螯光壳螯虾可控化同步抱卵繁育方法，包括繁育池的准备；调控繁育池的水质；亲虾选择；亲虾强化培育；亲虾越冬的温度控制；通过人工调节温度和光照条件来控制亲虾的抱卵率；育苗生产；仔虾培育等步骤。本发明通过改造繁育场、控制水质、选择亲虾，调节光照及温度，控制亲虾的性腺发育，促使其群体产卵时间相对集中且同步，有效解决规模化生产中苗种培育规格参差不齐的问题。The invention provides a method for controllable and synchronous ovulation breeding of red-clawed crayfish, which includes preparation of a breeding pond; regulation and control of water quality in the breeding pond; selection of broodstock; intensified cultivation of broodstock; temperature control of broodstock overwintering; manual adjustment Temperature and light conditions are used to control the oviposition rate of broodstock; nursery production; larvae cultivation and other steps. The invention improves the breeding ground, controls the water quality, selects the parent shrimp, adjusts the light and temperature, controls the gonad development of the parent shrimp, promotes the relatively concentrated and synchronized spawning time of the group, and effectively solves the uneven seed breeding specifications in large-scale production The problem.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the offspring breeding method of a kind of aquatic economic crustacean, be specifically related to the synchronous oogenesis mating system of a kind of red controlledization of chela bare hull crayfish.
Background technology
At present, red chela bare hull crayfish (
Cherax quadricarionatus) as promising economic crustacean, the sync rates of laying eggs that how to improve close shrimp is one of technical barrier of red chela bare hull crayfish and even other crustaceans always.The seed of red chela bare hull crayfish source output is extremely unstable, specification is uneven, causes in the production process cannibalisation phenomenon serious, and the shrimp shoot survival percent is low.Remove method and dose regimen about artificial induction's synchronous spawning technology once adopts optic stalk in the past, but big to close shrimp damage, lethality is high, production effect is not good, above method is also inapplicable to large-scale production simultaneously.
The present invention overcomes the above defective of prior art, through to the transformation of breeding field, the control of water quality, the selection of close shrimp, in conjunction with suitable illumination adjusting, variations in temperature, thus control close shrimp breed density and seed size.
Summary of the invention
The present invention passes through the transformation of breeding field, the control of water quality and the selection of close shrimp; In conjunction with suitable illumination adjusting, variations in temperature; To control the developmental rhythm of close shrimp; Suppress its colony gonad development autumn and winter, impel the early spring egg-laying time to concentrate relatively and synchronously, breed density and seed size thereby control close shrimp.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is: breed the pond and prepare, and--------close shrimp is selected, and----close shrimp reinforced cultivating------------Artificial Control parent shrimp egg laying rate of red swamp (adjustment, illumination control) is cultivated in the production----of growing seedlings in the temperature control of relative shrimp overwintering by young shrimp in water quality control.The synchronous oogenesis mating system of red controlledization of chela bare hull crayfish of the present invention is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the preparation of breeding the pond;
Step 2: the water quality in pond is bred in regulation and control;
Step 3: close shrimp is selected;
Step 4: close shrimp reinforced cultivating;
Step 5: the temperature control of relative shrimp overwintering;
Step 6: the egg laying rate of red swamp of controlling close shrimp through manual adjustment temperature and illumination condition;
Step 7: the production of growing seedlings;
Step 8: young shrimp is cultivated.
The pond of breeding according to the invention is indoor cement pit, and the depth of water is 0.5m～1m; Each area of breeding the pond is 50-100m
2The said top, pond of breeding is provided with light irradiation apparatus; The said pond of breeding is provided with intake gate and drainage gate.Said breeding in the pond also can be placed things concealed, and said things concealed can be tile, swamp eel cage, hang and net sheet or mao bamboon tube.Said water quality transparency of breeding the pond is 35cm～50cm, and the pH value is 7-8.5, and dissolved oxygen is 4mg/L-7mg/L, and total hardness is 5mg/L-8mg/L, and salinity is 0-2 ‰.
Close shrimp according to the invention is meant that body length is the one-tenth shrimp more than 9 centimetres.
The water temperature of breeding the pond in the step 4 of the present invention is controlled at 26 ℃～28 ℃, intermittently oxygenation of aerating device; Crude protein content is 32%～36% in the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, and crude fat content is at 8 %～10 %; The whole day feeding volume is 3 %～5 % of close shrimp body weight, and evening, feeding volume accounted for 60 %～70 % of total feeding volume; Breed 15～20 of close shrimps that comprise 30～50 grams in the pond for every square metre.
Step 5 of the present invention is meant: close shrimp is by the end of September or survive the winter mid-October, and water temperature is controlled at 22～24 ℃; For the cultivation of early-breeding seedlings, in by the end of January or begin at the beginning of 2 months that close shrimp is bred the pond and concentrate and heat, water temperature is controlled at 26～28 ℃; For the cultivation of conventional seedling, in by the end of March or concentrate at the beginning of 4 months and heat, water temperature is controlled at 26～28 ℃.
Step 6 of the present invention is meant: laid eggs preceding 2 months close shrimp, carry out illumination and temperature and control synchronous egg laying rate of red swamp; Intensity of illumination is controlled at 3000lx, and periodicity of illumination is controlled at L:D=16:8, and every day, light application time was 16 hours; Water temperature is fuctuation within a narrow range between 26 ~ 30 ℃.
Step 7 according to the invention is meant: male shrimp and female shrimp are thrown in into nursery pond with the ratio of 1:2～1:3, put 8～12 close shrimps for every square metre in the nursery pond; Water temperature is controlled at 28 ℃ between the female shrimp oogenesis incubation period, and daily ration, feeding quantity increases by 7 %～8 % of close relative shrimp body weight.
Step 8 according to the invention is meant: the female shrimp of oogenesis is put into the breeding net cage, will breed net cage and put into juvenile prawn cultivation pond cultivation; The female shrimp of oogenesis hatches in the net cage in breeding, after hatching young shrimp and breaking away from parent, from mesh, falls to outside the net cage, treats that young shrimp all leaves will breed net cage behind the parent and shift out; Young shrimp is cultivated in young shrimp is cultivated the pond, carries out breeding production.
The innovation part of mating system of the present invention is; Behind the reinforced cultivating before close shrimp is survived the winter; Control its gonad development speed at overwintering period through reducing water temperature; Stimulate close shrimp gonad development in the back of surviving the winter through the righttest temperature and illumination dicyclo border factor, make the egg-laying time of close shrimp concentrated relatively and synchronous.Be compared to prior art, such as, adopt optic stalk removal method or dose regimen to improve the synchronous egg laying rate of red swamp of crayfish, the present invention is simple to operate, and effect is obvious, and close shrimp is not damaged.
Embodiment
Further specify technical scheme of the present invention in conjunction with following examples, but content of the present invention is not limited by following examples.
Embodiment 1: the synchronous oogenesis mating system of red chela bare hull crayfish
Step 1: the preparation of breeding the pond
Adopt indoor cement pit to breed the pond as red chela bare hull crayfish, pollution-free on every side source, the well-ventilated, illumination is sufficient, and auxiliary facilities such as water power, heating system are perfect.Breed the pond and need be equipped with inflatable aerator, in the pond, arrange microporous pipe or individual aeration head, guarantee that whole pond water body dissolved oxygen abundance and oxygenation are even.
The concrete size of each close shrimp pool area is grasped according to production scale flexibly, and is unsuitable excessive.Each area of breeding the pond is 50-100m
2In order to reduce the phenomenon of killing each other of close shrimp, in breeding the pond, place things concealed, in the parent culture pond that high density is put in a suitable place to breed, add the swamp eel cage and make things concealed, also can be to hang things concealeds such as net sheet, tile, mao bamboon tube.The depth of water of breeding the pond is controlled at 0.5 m～1 m, and preferably, the depth of water is controlled at 1m.Incandescent lamp is set up in top, parent shrimp pond, can be other light irradiation apparatus also, like halogen tungsten lamp, to replenish the not enough of indoor daylight illumination and to regulate the illumination rhythm and pace of moving things.Breed pool side at each and lay water inlet and drainage pipeline and be provided with intake gate and drainage gate, so that draining is advanced conveniently in the indoor pond of breeding.
Step 2: water quality control
Selection water quality is good, free of contamination water source.Breed pool side at each and lay water inlet and drainage pipeline and be provided with intake gate and drainage gate, so that draining is advanced conveniently in the indoor pond of breeding.Prepare the sterilization pond that to satisfy quantity of exchanged water demand every day and heat the pond according to breeding pond size and quantity, and be equipped with suitable water pump to satisfy the demand.At first pump into the sterilization pond during water inlet through the water pump river that water quality is good, lake water; With 100 mesh sieve thin,tough silk filtered water inlets; Filter insect, aquatic animal (like kyllinga brevifolia), small fish and shrimp and ovum, because these animals strive food and strive the survival rate that the habitat can influence the red chela bare hull crayfish young.Secondly, in the sterilization pond, drop into an amount of quicklime and play sterilization and the effect of regulating water quality, do not need oxygenation in the sterilization pond, at the bottom of the deposition that makes generation can rest on the pond.With water pump sterilization pond water is at the middle and upper levels pumped into the pond of heating (sterilization pond bottom precipitation not being pumped into) at last, oxygenation is also heated to the temperature identical with breeding the pond water.Basic water quality physical and chemical index is following:
Step 3: the parent selects
Select energetic, appendage is complete, the shrimp that becomes of body surface smooth, no attachment and disease (rotting impaired with shell like afterbody) does close shrimp.In order to obtain higher fertility, selective body length more than 9 centimetres, maturity is good, abdominal muscles is full, and the red chela bare hull crayfish of big fecundity is arranged.Breed in the pond every square metre breed and put 15～20 of the shrimps that specification is 30～50 grams in the pond; Preferably, every square metre can to put specification be 15 every kilogram about 20 of shrimps.In order to reduce the kill each other phenomenon of close shrimp between ecdysis, in breeding the pond, place things concealed, can be the swamp eel cage, hang and net sheet or mao bamboon tube.
Step 4: parent's reinforced cultivating
The parent shrimp is put the back in a suitable place to breed and keeps water environment good, and water temperature is controlled at 26～28 ℃, and preferably, water temperature is controlled at 28 ℃, and intermittently oxygenation of aerating device makes and breeds pond dissolved oxygen in water amount and remain on more than the 4mg/L.The parent shrimp is because of the gonad development demand, to the suitably increasing of feeding volume of feed of animal origin.Manufactured feed crude protein content, crude fat content respectively 32%, more than 8%.Throw something and feed in every morning, evening pellet, small fish or press from both sides broken spiral shell; The whole day feeding volume is 3%～5% of a close shrimp body weight, and evening, feeding volume accounted for 60%～70% of total feeding volume, preferably; The whole day feeding volume is about 5% of a close shrimp body weight, and evening, feeding volume accounted for about 70% of total feeding volume.And adjust according to the actual situation of ingesting.Absorb residual bait and excreta every morning, and a small amount of fresh water of annotating.Change water weekly 1 time, change Chi Shuisi/one at every turn, and the 2ppm complex microorganism preparations of splashing, the complex microorganism preparations with 1～3 ppm gets final product usually, and is good to guarantee water quality.
Step 5: relative shrimp overwintering, carry out temperature control
Breed close shrimp by the end of September or survive the winter mid-October, water temperature is controlled at 22～24 ℃, and continues to use close shrimp fortification to adopt the base particle feed to combine fish piece, spiral shell meat etc. to throw something and feed, and promotes its gonad development.For the cultivation of early-breeding seedlings, in by the end of January or begin at the beginning of 2 months that close shrimp is bred the pond and concentrate heat (water temperature is controlled at 26～28 ℃); And to the cultivation of conventional seedling, can in after the Spring Festival by the end of March or concentrate at the beginning of 4 months and heat.
Step 6: control illumination and temperature condition come the Artificial Control egg laying rate of red swamp
According to close shrimp gonad development situation, laid eggs preceding 2 months at it and to regulate illumination and temperature is controlled synchronous egg laying rate of red swamp.
(1) combines natural lighting; Adopt incandescent lamp intensity of illumination to be controlled at (3000lx); Periodicity of illumination is controlled at L:D=16:8 (every day, light application time was 16 hours); Prolong light application time and can prolong the normal secretory activity that light application time has been disturbed these neurosecretory cells artificially, alleviate its inhibition, thereby promote red chela bare hull crayfish ovary maturity the development of ovary.
(2) utilize equipment such as boiler, heating rod, make water temperature fuctuation within a narrow range between 26 ~ 30 ℃, such as; Raise 1 ~ 2 ℃ in per 6 hours; After arriving ceiling temperature, reduce by 1 ~ 2 ℃ in per again 6 hours, thereby guarantee water temperature fluctuation fuctuation within a narrow range in certain interval; Thereby can induce the increase of ingesting of close shrimp, stimulate its synchronous oogenesis.
Step 7: the production of growing seedlings
Need the yielding ability indoor raising of seedling pond of certain scale, and cultivation pond, booth, the concentrated related facility of cultivating juvenile prawn of Tu Chi etc. are arranged.Male shrimp and female shrimp are thrown in into nursery pond with the ratio of 1:2 or 1:3, and every square meter is put 10 close shrimps.Common every square meter is put 8～12 close shrimps and is got final product.Strict control water temperature increases 7%～8% of daily ration, feeding quantity close relative shrimp body weight at 28 ℃ between the female shrimp oogenesis incubation period, preferably about 8%, regularly observes the developmental state of female shrimp institute oogenesis grain, and the female shrimp of oogenesis is put into the breeding net cage, puts into juvenile prawn and cultivates the pond and cultivate.The configuration condition that juvenile prawn is cultivated the pond is with to breed the pond identical or close.And in the embryo development procedure of fertilized egg; The inflation of employing aeration head; Through flowing of water in the aeration quantity increase pond of the several aeration heads of suitable increase, thereby promote flowing of the local waters of fertilized egg water, the exchange of increase oxygen; Help embryonic development, improve sync rates of close shrimp body weight, oogenesis and embryo's incubation rate significantly.
Step 8: young shrimp is cultivated
Shrimp with ovums is incubated seedling in net cage, after hatching juvenile prawn and leaving parent, just can break away from parent, from mesh, falls to outside the net cage, treats after young shrimp all leaves parent close shrimp to be shifted out.After young shrimp leaves parent, still in young shrimp breeding groove, carry out, the average body of young shrimp is long in this process is 5mm～8mm, comparative optimization be 8mm, after 20 days cultivation, can reach 15～25mm, the confession raiser carries out breeding production.
Embodiment 2: illumination is to the influence of red chela bare hull crayfish reproductive performance and fertilized egg archiblast thereof
Get perfect 150 female shrimps and 75 the male shrimps of growth altogether and experimentize, experiment is divided into 5 groups, raises respectively in the non-toxic plastic breeding box of three 80cm * 50cm * 50cm for 45 every group, puts 10 female 5 heros in every cylinder at random.Water temperature is controlled at 26-28 ℃, depth of water 50-80 cm, and batch (-type) oxygenation, the bait of throwing something and feeding at dusk every day, morning next day, ight soil, residual bait were removed in suction, and changed water 1/3.
Experiment I group is the natural lighting group, raises in outdoor plastic greenhouse; All the other 4 groups place in the darkroom, are light source with 200 W incandescent lamps, and water surface intensity of illumination is 3000 lx, and light application time is all since every morning 6:00 in the darkroom.This light application time gradient of 4 groups is respectively: II group L:D=12:12 (be every day light application time be 12 hr), III group L:D=14:10, IV group L:D=16:8, V group L:D=18:6, every group be provided with 3 parallel.
The growing state of routine observation and the female shrimp of record after finding that first shrimp with ovums arranged, begins to calculate the oogenesis parent shrimp number of every month, and from 3 of each experimental group are parallel, randomly draws 1 not close shrimp of oogenesis respectively.Dry shrimp body surface moisture, its hepatopancrease and ovary are taken out rapidly in the back of accurately weighing, and weigh and calculate sexual gland index (GSI) and liver body index (HSI).All the other close shrimps continue to raise to oogenesis, from 3 of each experimental group are parallel, extract the close shrimp of 1 firm oogenesis at random, get and put into-70 ℃ of preservations after fertilized egg is weighed rapidly, do biochemical measurement fully.Careful its belly that launches calculated its oogenesis number after remaining firm oogenesis parent shrimp was weighed, and the close shrimp behind the counting is raised (cultivating condition is identical) to young shrimp separately and hatches, and calculates its incubation rate respectively.
Table 1 shows that the length of light application time is little to the female shrimp survival rate influence of red chela bare hull crayfish.Egg laying rate of red swamp, rate of body weight gain, sexual gland index, the incubation rate of female shrimp 1 month and 2 months all are the parabola variation tendency; Reach the highest to illumination IV group, be respectively 61.54 ± 2.09 %, 92.31 ± 3.87 %, 29.48 ± 0.51 %, 5.38 ± 0.25 and 46.99 ± 3.15 %.Day illumination time lengthening to 18 hr (V group), above index all descends, and has compared significant difference with the IV group.Be tangible negative correlation between the sexual gland exponential sum liver body index, sexual gland index IV group is maximum, and the III group is taken second place, and the I group is minimum; Liver body index then I group is maximum, and the II group is taken second place, and the IV group is minimum.Illumination IV group is compared with other illumination group, and every female shrimp heavy, average oogenesis amount of institute's oogenesis ovum and average single ovum ovum weight average reach the highest, are respectively 2.88 ± 0.07g, 549 ± 19ind and 5.25 ± 0.13mg.
Mensuration result to the fertilized egg biochemical component in the table 2-table 5 shows, is compared to other each groups, and the content of main essential amino acid Leu, Arg and main dispensable amino acid Glu all has the increase of significance in the illumination IV group (L:D=16:8).The content (dry weight, weight in wet base) of total fat omits the height for two groups except that III, IV in the fertilized egg, the no statistical discrepancy of other each group.The fatty acid kind of neutral fats, phosphatide is basic identical in each experimental group, and the content of the C20:5n3 in neutral fats and the phosphatide, two kinds of fatty acid of C22:6n3 is all the highest with the IV group.
From each item index; Experiment IV group (day illumination 16 hr) is all apparently higher than other each group; The proper extension that light application time is described not only can promote the synchronous growth of the female shrimp ovary of red chela bare hull crayfish; Quicken its mating, oogenesis, and can also obviously improve the fertilized egg hatching rate, improved the reproductive performance of the female shrimp of red chela bare hull crayfish on the whole effectively.
Embodiment 3: temperature is to the influence of red chela bare hull crayfish reproductive performance
Get perfect 120 female shrimps and 60 the male shrimps of growth altogether and experimentize, experiment is divided into 5 groups, raises respectively in the non-toxic plastic breeding box of three 80cm * 50cm * 50cm for 45 every group, puts 10 female 5 heros in every cylinder at random.Water temperature is controlled at 26-28 ℃, depth of water 50-80 cm, and batch (-type) oxygenation, the bait of throwing something and feeding at dusk every day, morning next day, ight soil, residual bait were removed in suction, and changed water 1/3.
Experiment is carried out in the room of surviving the winter, about 15 ℃ of room temperatures, and it is 4 groups that close shrimp is divided into; The I group be natural temperature (water temperature if be lower than 10 ℃ then heating rod heat automatically); The II group is 28 ℃ of constant temperature, and III group water temperature fluctuates between 26 ~ 30 ℃, and IV group water temperature fluctuates between 20 ~ 32 ℃.Establish 3 parallel (i.e. 3 cylinder/groups, totally 12 cylinders) for every group.Fluctuating temperature group (III, IV group) temperature control method adopts and begins from lower limit temperature, and 1 ~ 2 ℃ of rising in per 6 hours behind the arrival ceiling temperature, reduced by 1 ~ 2 ℃ in per again 6 hours, thereby guarantees that water temperature fluctuates in certain interval.Temperature-controlling system adopt the PVG to jump 71 transistor npn npn relay and thermometers that glad scientific instrument factory produces, timer is the SB6717-I type that sea, Shanghai Shen plastics electrical apparatus factory produces, and conventional with 1000 W/ root electrically heated rods.
Routine observation and the female shrimp growing state of record; After finding that first shrimp with ovums arranged, begin to calculate the oogenesis parent shrimp number of every month, and from 3 of each experimental group are parallel, randomly draw respectively 1 not the close shrimp of oogenesis dry shrimp body surface moisture; Accurately weigh; Take out its hepatopancrease and ovary then rapidly, weigh, calculate sexual gland index (GSI) and liver body index (HSI).Remaining close shrimp continues to raise to oogenesis, from 3 of each experimental group are parallel, extracts the close shrimp of 1 firm oogenesis at random, gets fertilized egg weighing.Careful its belly that launches calculated its oogenesis number after remaining firm oogenesis parent shrimp was weighed, and the close shrimp behind the counting is raised (cultivating condition is identical) to young shrimp separately and hatches, and calculates its incubation rate respectively.
Visible from table 1, the survival rate of the female shrimp of red chela bare hull crayfish is the highest with the II group, is 86.67 ± 5.63 %; The IV group is minimum, is 76.67 ± 4.89 %, and statistical discrepancy is remarkable between each group.The female shrimp rate of body weight gain of red chela bare hull crayfish is also the highest with the III group, is 22.02 ± 1.65 %; The I group is minimum, is 3.98 ± 0.33 %, and statistical discrepancy is also remarkable between each group.The egg laying rate of red swamp of the female shrimp of red chela bare hull crayfish 1st month and 2nd month all with the III group for the highest, be respectively 54.16 ± 1.87 %, 83.33 ± 3.87 %; The IV group is taken second place, and the I group is minimum, and statistical discrepancy is remarkable between each group.Sexual gland index III group is the highest, is 5.36 ± 0.28, and the I group is minimum, is 1.85 ± 0.07.Liver body index is then the highest with the IV group, is 4.48 ± 0.39; The I group is minimum, is 2.12 ± 0.33.Single shrimp oogenesis ovum does not heavily have statistical discrepancy between each group.Single shrimp oogenesis quantity is minimum with the I group, is 450 ± 25; The III group is the highest, is 504 ± 26, but and does not have statistical discrepancy between two groups of the II, IV.In a word, I group above each item index except that incubation rate is all minimum, and egg laying rate of red swamp, rate of body weight gain, sexual gland index, single shrimp oogenesis quantity and the multinomial breeding index of incubation rate of III group 1st month and 2nd month are the highest.
More than specific embodiment of the present invention is described.It will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific implementations, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or modification within the scope of the claims, do not influence flesh and blood of the present invention.
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| CN103314906A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-09-25 | 太仓年年有渔农业科技有限公司 | Breed conservation method for ovigerous shrimps of cherax quadricarinatus |
| CN103609502A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-03-05 | 湖北莱克水产食品股份有限公司 | Red swamp crayfish factory breeding technology |
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