CN104322420B - The method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel - Google Patents

The method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel Download PDF

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CN104322420B
CN104322420B CN201410630233.XA CN201410630233A CN104322420B CN 104322420 B CN104322420 B CN 104322420B CN 201410630233 A CN201410630233 A CN 201410630233A CN 104322420 B CN104322420 B CN 104322420B
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freshwater mussel
children
algae
anodonta woodiana
woodiana pacifica
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CN104322420A (en
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苏彦平
杨健
刘洪波
陈修报
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Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/54Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K50/00Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The method for optimizing that the present invention relates to the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, comprises the following steps: feeding habits composition in (1), original position anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel alimentary canal; (2), the aseptic purebred cultivation in the laboratory of bait algae; (3), the laboratory of standardization anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel obtains; (4), the bait feeding of young freshwater mussel checking; To throw something and feed, the young freshwater mussel survival rate of group is high, fast growth is the agreeable to the taste bait algae according to optimizing anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel. The present invention successfully extracts young freshwater mussel alimentary canal content and has grasped its crucial bait algae; And cultivate and obtain a large amount of bait algaes through laboratory purifying, then in laboratory, standardization is bred and obtained the checking of throwing something and feeding of growth cycle is synchronous, specification is consistent young freshwater mussel, successfully optimize the agreeable to the taste bait algae of young freshwater mussel; Effectively setting up artificial breeding population and expanding its cultivation scale provides scientific basis, for the artificial breeding of other freshwater shellfish and Species of Rare Fish from Qingdao and the cultivation of enhancement releasing resource colony provide reference and the reference of feed algae aspect.

Description

The method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, belong to anodonta woodiana pacifica children's freshwater mussel cultural technique field.
Background technology
In recent years, due to the reason such as destruction, water pollution in habitat, fishery resources decline trend is obvious, and endangered species number continues to increase. 2006, " Chinese aquatic conservation of living resources action outline " that the Ministry of Agriculture formulates together with the departments and institutions concerned explicitly pointed out: maintenance and rationally utilize living aquatic resources, realizing fisheries sustainable development, safeguarding aquatile diversity. But the many hydrobiological Wild population situation of Taihu Lake basin including cutter long-tailed anchovy, shellfish makes people worried; for protection Taihu Lake basin rare biology comprises the aquatiles such as cutter long-tailed anchovy, shellfish, rareness species is carried out to artificial increasing cultivation and release and become the important channel of recovering its natural resources. And in artificial breeding, the individual low survival rate of hydrobiological seedling is subject to the restriction of suitable biological feed. But because the hydrobiological young (especially compared with the individuality of Life Stages morning) collection difficulty is large, dissection investigation difficulty is high, is that individual needing badly captured a difficult problem to the research method of the agreeable to the taste bait of the young.
In the world, the U.S. has successfully developed the agreeable to the taste bait of seashells, and drops into batch production commercialization. The U.S. provided 5.3 hundred million Euros of funds last year once again, to ensured the shellfish quality of production that the U.S. is domestic in ensuing ten years. But in the bait commodity of the U.S., be mainly some marine products algae, and be not suitable for freshwater shellfish. In freshwater shellfish, anodonta woodiana pacifica was elected as the bioorganism of " freshwater shellfish observation monitoring system " by this research department in 2003, this research at present also enters this step of foundation " laboratory animal population ", this has been subject to the low restriction of the individual survival rate of young freshwater mussel in artificial breeding process equally. Therefore this research department is taking anodonta woodiana pacifica as example, a kind of research method that filters out the agreeable to the taste bait algae of anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel of initiative exploration, the agreeable to the taste bait that optimizes anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel is key point of the present invention, also will scientific basic is provided and use for reference reference for the exploitation of the agreeable to the taste bait triage techniques of other aquatic products animals.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, overcome field in traditional freshwater shellfish feeding habits investigation and be difficult to obtain the complicated deficiency that lacks contrast property, field freshwater mussel sample and study poor continuity, bait algae and be difficult to carry out the follow-up traditional research methods such as checking of throwing something and feeding of freshwater mussel sample, freshwater mussel institute life Measures of Algae in Water Body background in each Life Stages; Provide a kind of and overcome young freshwater mussel alimentary canal and dissect the high technical barrier of difficulty based on in-situ acquisition anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, successfully extracted young freshwater mussel alimentary canal content and grasped its crucial bait algae; And cultivate and obtain a large amount of bait algaes through laboratory purifying, then utilize standardization to breed the checking of throwing something and feeding of obtained same growth cycle, the consistent young freshwater mussel of background value in laboratory, thereby successfully optimized the agreeable to the taste bait algae of young freshwater mussel; The survival rate of breeding for improving the young freshwater mussel in this research department " standardization freshwater mussel " on the one hand, provides scientific basis for effectively setting up artificial breeding population and expanding its cultivation scale; Reference and the reference of feed algae aspect are also provided for the cultivation of other freshwater shellfish and other aquatic product bios on the other hand.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, the method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, comprises the following steps:
1, feeding habits composition in original position anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel alimentary canal
Gather the anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel breeding in Different Month with a collection of, the long 0.5cm-1cm of body, take back laboratory treatment, alimentary canal content is gathered, adding 1-2mL volume ratio is 4% formaldehyde, its algae composition of microscopy, determines that by calculating dominance the feed algae that anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel can ingest is four jiaos of algaes and chlorella;
2, the aseptic purebred cultivation in the laboratory of bait algae
Grasped the feed algae in anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel digestive system by step (1), in laboratory to feed algae: four jiaos of algaes and chlorella carry out respectively axenic purification cultivation, adopt respectively the BG11 culture medium to cultivate; The cultivation of chlorella: getting 30-40mL cell density is 1.0 × 107-2.0×107In individual/L to 1LBG11 culture medium; The cultivation of four jiaos of algaes: getting 30-40mL cell density is 1.0 × 106-5.0×106In individual/L to 500mLBG11 culture medium; Cultivation temperature is: 25 DEG C, illumination is 2000-3000LX, cultivates the 2-3 month, gets 1-5L chlorella, and cell density is 3 × 109-3×1010Individual/L, tetra-jiaos of algaes of 1-5L, cell density is 3 × 108-3×109Individual/L, for the follow-up checking of throwing something and feeding provides food organisms;
3, the laboratory of " standardization " anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel obtains
Screen healthy 3-4 age, the female freshwater mussel of anodonta woodiana pacifica of the long 90-110mm of shell is taken back laboratory, absorb water hook Jie larva ripe in external gill is poured and filled in the 1-2L aeration tap water containers of 3 days with plastic suction pipe, put into ready Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (sexal maturity, specification 100-200g), 2-3 tail, with 30-40rmin-1Speed stir clockwise along tub wall, after 15-20min, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is pulled out, move into and cultivate in the net cage of pond, change water once every 48h, through 3 days after dates that come off, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and net cage are taken out from cultivating pond, with the young freshwater mussel of bottom, suction pipe siphon collection cultivation pond;
4, the bait feeding of young freshwater mussel checking
By culture dish through steeping acid, washed with de-ionized water is clean, in each culture dish, add the 100mL aeration running water of 3 days, every group arranges 3 culture dishes, in each culture dish, put into 10 young freshwater mussels, different bait throwing in groups are set respectively in contrast, bait throwing in group throw something and feed respectively in step (2) four jiaos of algaes and chlorella through cultivating, four jiaos of algaes and chlorella are respectively taking cell density as 1.2 × 106Individual/L – 6.0 × 108Individual/L throws something and feeds to the young freshwater mussel coming off 3 days; Then put into 25 DEG C of illumination boxs, illuminance 600LX, every 48h once change water, microscopy records its survival rate, measures specification size; Cultivate after 3-30 days; Control group children freshwater mussel survival rate is low, the speed of growth is slow; To throw something and feed, high, the fast growth of the young freshwater mussel survival rate of group is according to the agreeable to the taste bait algae that optimizes anodonta woodiana pacifica.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in described step (1), the anodonta woodiana pacifica of Different Month children freshwater mussel is 2 monthly ages, 5 monthly ages, 8 monthly ages and 11 monthly ages, is a group with the anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel at monthly age, 5 every group.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the acid solution that in described step (4), bubble is sour, containing the solution 30L of 5-10% hydrochloric acid, is steeped 24h-48h in acid solution.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in described step (4), the young freshwater mussel density of throwing something and feeding is: 1-15 days children freshwater mussels: the chlorella density of throwing something and feeding: 3 × 107-6×107Individual/L; 15-30 days children freshwater mussels: the chlorella density of throwing something and feeding: 6 × 107Individual/L-2.4 × 108Individual/L.
Compared with the prior art the present invention has the following advantages:
Before the invention solves, in traditional research method, in the investigation of freshwater shellfish feeding habits, field is difficult to obtain young freshwater mussel, the deficiencies such as freshwater mussel sample is not of uniform size, Measures of Algae in Water Body background complexity of adopting. Novelty of the present invention utilize a kind of, anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel that background value consistent synchronous based on in-situ acquisition growth cycle as bioorganism, and overcome the high technical barrier of young freshwater mussel alimentary canal dissection difficulty, successfully extract young freshwater mussel alimentary canal content and grasped its crucial bait algae. And cultivate and obtain a large amount of bait algaes through laboratory purifying, then in laboratory, standardization is bred and obtained the checking of throwing something and feeding of growth cycle is synchronous, specification is consistent young freshwater mussel, successfully optimize the agreeable to the taste bait algae of young freshwater mussel. Above-mentioned these have been explored a kind of research method that filters out the agreeable to the taste bait algae of anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, provide scientific basis for effectively setting up artificial breeding population and expanding its cultivation scale, for the artificial breeding of other freshwater shellfish and Species of Rare Fish from Qingdao and the cultivation of enhancement releasing resource colony provide reference and the reference of feed algae aspect, it is key point of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is below further described in connection with embodiment:
Embodiment mono-: according to " method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel " provided by the invention, preferred important feed algae is thrown something and fed to the young freshwater mussel just having come off:
According to the method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel provided by the invention, the agreeable to the taste bait of research anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, step is as follows:
1, feeding habits composition in original position anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel alimentary canal
Gather the anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel (5 every group) breeding in Different Month (2 monthly ages, 5 monthly ages, 8 monthly ages, 11 monthly ages) with a collection of, the long 0.5cm-1cm of body, take back laboratory treatment, alimentary canal content is gathered, adding 1-2mL volume ratio is 4% formaldehyde, its algae composition of microscopy, determines that by calculating dominance the feed algae that anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel can ingest is four jiaos of algaes and chlorella;
2, the aseptic purebred cultivation in the laboratory of bait algae
Grasp the feed algae in anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel digestive system by step (1), in laboratory to feed algae: four jiaos of algaes and chlorella carry out respectively axenic purification cultivation, adopt respectively BG11 culture medium (being purchased from Chinese Academy of Sciences's algae kind storehouse FACHB-collection) to cultivate; The cultivation of chlorella: getting 30-40mL cell density is 1.0 × 107-2.0×107In individual/L to 1LBG11 culture medium; The cultivation of four jiaos of algaes: getting 30-40mL cell density is 1.0 × 106-5.0×106In individual/L to 500mLBG11 culture medium; Cultivation temperature is: 25 DEG C, illumination is 2000-3000LX, cultivates the 2-3 month, gets 1-5L chlorella, and cell density is 3 × 109-3×1010Individual/L, tetra-jiaos of algaes of 1-5L, cell density is 3 × 108-3×109Individual/L, for the follow-up checking of throwing something and feeding provides food organisms;
3, the laboratory of " standardization " anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel obtains
Screen healthy 3-4 age, the female freshwater mussel of anodonta woodiana pacifica of the long 90-110mm of shell is taken back laboratory, absorb water hook Jie larva ripe in external gill is poured and filled in the 1-2L aeration tap water containers of 3 days with plastic suction pipe, put into sexually matured Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, described Pelteobagrus fulvidraco specification 100-200g, 2-3 tail, with 30-40rmin-1Speed stir clockwise along tub wall, after 15-20min, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is pulled out, move into and cultivate in the net cage of pond, change water once every 48h, through 3 days after dates that come off, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and net cage are taken out from cultivating pond, with the young freshwater mussel of bottom, suction pipe siphon collection cultivation pond;
4, the bait feeding of young freshwater mussel checking
By culture dish through steeping acid (containing 24h-48h in the solution 30L of 5-10% hydrochloric acid), washed with de-ionized water is clean, in each culture dish, add the 100mL aeration running water of 3 days, every group arranges 3 culture dishes, in each culture dish, put into 10 young freshwater mussels, different bait throwing in groups are set respectively in contrast, bait throwing in group throw something and feed respectively in step (2) four jiaos of algaes and chlorella through cultivating, four jiaos of algaes are taking lower cell density as 1.2 × 106Individual/L, 6.0 × 107Individual/L, chlorella is taking cell density as 1.2 × 107Individual/L, 6.0 × 107Individual/L throws something and feeds to the young freshwater mussel coming off 3 days; Then put into 25 DEG C of illumination boxs, illuminance 600LX, every 48h once change water, microscopy records its survival rate, measures specification size; Cultivate after 14 days, add up each group children freshwater mussel survival rate, control group survival rate straight line declines, and cultivating the 14th day survival rate is 4.4%, and specification is: high 268 μ m, long 245 μ m; The young freshwater mussel composition motility rate of four jiaos of algaes of throwing something and feeding declines more steady, cultivates the 14th day four jiaos of algaes 1.2 × 106Individual/L composition motility rate is 6.7%, and specification is: high 279 μ m, long 245 μ m, 6.0 × 107Individual/L composition motility rate is 15.6%, and specification is: high 299 μ m, long 279 μ m; The chlorella 1.2 × 10 of throwing something and feeding7Individual/L composition motility rate is 33.3%, and specification is: high 297 μ m, long 292 μ m, 6.0 × 107Individual/L composition motility rate is 24.4%, and specification is: high 298 μ m, long 292 μ m; Illustrate that the inventive method has successfully optimized the agreeable to the taste bait of anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, can obviously improve just come off in the breeding survival rate of young freshwater mussel of anodonta woodiana pacifica.
Embodiment bis-: utilize " method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel " preferred feed algae to throw something and feed to the young freshwater mussel coming off 10 days
According to the method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel provided by the invention, the agreeable to the taste bait of research anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, step is as follows:
1, feeding habits composition in original position anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel alimentary canal
Gather the anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel (5 every group) breeding in Different Month (2 monthly ages, 5 monthly ages, 8 monthly ages, 11 monthly ages) with a collection of, the long 0.5cm-1cm of body, take back laboratory treatment, alimentary canal content is gathered, adding 1-2mL volume ratio is 4% formaldehyde, its algae composition of microscopy, determines that by calculating dominance the feed algae that anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel can ingest is four jiaos of algaes and chlorella;
2, the aseptic purebred cultivation in the laboratory of bait algae
Grasp the feed algae in anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel digestive system by step (1), in laboratory to feed algae: four jiaos of algaes and chlorella carry out respectively axenic purification cultivation, adopt respectively BG11 culture medium (being purchased from Chinese Academy of Sciences's algae kind storehouse FACHB-collection) to cultivate; The cultivation of chlorella: getting 30-40mL cell density is 1.0-107-2.0×107In individual/L to 1LBG11 culture medium; The cultivation of four jiaos of algaes: getting 30-40mL cell density is 1.0-106-5.0×106In individual/L to 500mLBG11 culture medium; Cultivation temperature is: 25 DEG C, illumination is 2000-3000LX, cultivates the 2-3 month, gets 1-5L chlorella, and cell density is 3 × 109-3×1010Individual/L, tetra-jiaos of algaes of 1-5L, cell density is 3 × 108-3×109Individual/L, for the follow-up checking of throwing something and feeding provides food organisms;
3, the laboratory of " standardization " anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel obtains
Screen healthy 3-4 age, the female freshwater mussel of anodonta woodiana pacifica of the long 90-110mm of shell is taken back laboratory, absorb water hook Jie larva ripe in external gill is poured and filled in the 1-2L aeration tap water containers of 3 days with plastic suction pipe, put into sexually matured Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, described Pelteobagrus fulvidraco specification 100-200g, 2-3 tail, with 30-40rmin-1Speed stir clockwise along tub wall, after 15-20min, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is pulled out, move into and cultivate in the net cage of pond, change water once every 48h, through 3 days after dates that come off, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and net cage are taken out from cultivating pond, with the young freshwater mussel of bottom, suction pipe siphon collection cultivation pond;
4, the bait feeding of young freshwater mussel checking
By culture dish through steeping acid (containing 24h-48h in the solution 30L of 5-10% hydrochloric acid), washed with de-ionized water is clean, in each culture dish, add the 100mL aeration running water of 3 days, every group arranges 3 culture dishes, in each culture dish, put into 10 young freshwater mussels, not bait throwing in group is set in contrast, bait throwing in group is for the chlorella through cultivating in the step (2) of throwing something and feeding, with middle high bait throwing in density 1.2 × 108Individual/L and 6.0 × 108Individual/L throws something and feeds. Then put into 25 DEG C of illumination boxs, illuminance 600LX, every 48h once change water, microscopy records its survival rate, measures specification size; Throw something and feed after 14 days, not bait throwing in control group children freshwater mussel survival rate is 6.7%, and specification is: high 268 μ m, long 245 μ m; 1.2 × 108Individual/L chlorella bait throwing in composition motility rate is 53.3%, and specification is high 288 μ m, long 285 μ m; 6.0 × 108Individual/L chlorella bait throwing in composition motility rate is 42.2%, and specification is high 301 μ m, long 288 μ m. Prove preferred for this invention go out chlorella be the important agreeable to the taste bait of anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, in the bait algae situation of throwing something and feeding, young freshwater mussel survival rate is higher, growth specification is obviously greater than not bait throwing in group.
Embodiment tri-: utilize " method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel " preferred feed algae to throw something and feed to the young freshwater mussel coming off 10 days
According to the method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel provided by the invention, the agreeable to the taste bait of research anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, step is as follows:
1, feeding habits composition in original position anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel alimentary canal
Gather the anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel (5 every group) breeding in Different Month (2 monthly ages, 5 monthly ages, 8 monthly ages, 11 monthly ages) with a collection of, the long 0.5cm-1cm of body, take back laboratory treatment, alimentary canal content is gathered, adding 1-2mL volume ratio is 4% formaldehyde, its algae composition of microscopy, determines that by calculating dominance the feed algae that anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel can ingest is four jiaos of algaes and chlorella;
2, the aseptic purebred cultivation in the laboratory of bait algae
Grasp the feed algae in anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel digestive system by step (1), in laboratory to feed algae: four jiaos of algaes and chlorella carry out respectively axenic purification cultivation, adopt respectively BG11 culture medium (being purchased from Chinese Academy of Sciences's algae kind storehouse FACHB-collection) to cultivate; The cultivation of chlorella: getting 30-40mL cell density is 1.0-107-2.0×107In individual/L to 1LBG11 culture medium; The cultivation of four jiaos of algaes: getting 30-40mL cell density is 1.0-106-5.0×106In individual/L to 500mLBG11 culture medium; Cultivation temperature is: 25 DEG C, illumination is 2000-3000LX, cultivates the 2-3 month, gets 1-5L chlorella, and cell density is 3 × 109-3×1010Individual/L, tetra-jiaos of algaes of 1-5L, cell density is 3 × 108-3×109Individual/L, for the follow-up checking of throwing something and feeding provides food organisms;
3, the laboratory of " standardization " anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel obtains
Screen healthy 3-4 age, the female freshwater mussel of anodonta woodiana pacifica of the long 90-110mm of shell is taken back laboratory, absorb water hook Jie larva ripe in external gill is poured and filled in the 1-2L aeration tap water containers of 3 days with plastic suction pipe, put into sexually matured Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, described Pelteobagrus fulvidraco specification 100-200g, 2-3 tail, with 30-40rmin-1Speed stir clockwise along tub wall, after 15-20min, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is pulled out, move into and cultivate in the net cage of pond, change water once every 48h, through 3 days after dates that come off, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and net cage are taken out from cultivating pond, with the young freshwater mussel of bottom, suction pipe siphon collection cultivation pond;
4, the bait feeding of young freshwater mussel checking
By culture dish through steeping acid (containing 24h-48h in the solution 30L of 5-10% hydrochloric acid), washed with de-ionized water is clean, in each culture dish, add the 100mL aeration running water of 3 days, every group arranges 3 culture dishes, in each culture dish, put into 10 young freshwater mussels, not bait throwing in group is set in contrast, bait throwing in group is the chlorella through cultivating in step (2) of throwing something and feeding, with the medium density of the throwing something and feeding chlorella 6 × 10 of throwing something and feeding respectively7Individual/L, 1.2 × 108Individual/L, 2.4 × 108Individual/L; Cultivate after 20 days, young freshwater mussel grew to for 1 monthly age. Control group children freshwater mussel survival rate is 3.3%, and specification is high 348 ± 58 μ m, long 362 ± 65 μ m; Throw something and feed 6 × 107It is 43.3% that individual/L chlorella is organized young freshwater mussel survival rate, and specification is high 405 ± 33 μ m, long 530 ± 78 μ m; Throw something and feed 1.2 × 108Individual/L chlorella children freshwater mussel survival rate is that 50% specification is high 508 ± 82 μ m, long 694 ± 98 μ m. The group of algae of not throwing something and feeding increasess slowly, and young freshwater mussel specification is significantly less than the young freshwater mussel group of the chlorella of throwing something and feeding, and throws something and feeds 1.2 × 108Individual/L chlorella group increases the fastest. Prove preferred for this invention go out chlorella be the important agreeable to the taste bait of anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, and the more sufficient young freshwater mussel of bait algae grows faster.
Comprehensively above-mentioned, the present invention has overcome field in the investigation of traditional freshwater shellfish feeding habits and has been difficult to obtain young freshwater mussel, institute's freshwater mussel sample Measures of Algae in Water Body background of adopting complicated shortage and contrasts property, study poor continuity, lack the deficiency of the follow-up traditional research methods such as checking of throwing something and feeding. The method system of a kind of, anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel that background value consistent synchronous based on in-situ acquisition growth cycle is provided, and has overcome young freshwater mussel alimentary canal and dissect the high technical barrier of difficulty, successfully extracted young freshwater mussel alimentary canal content and grasped its crucial bait algae. And cultivate and obtain a large amount of bait algaes through laboratory purifying, then in laboratory, standardization is bred and obtained the checking of throwing something and feeding of growth cycle is synchronous, specification is consistent young freshwater mussel, optimize important agreeable to the taste bait algae the successful Application of the young freshwater mussel of anodonta woodiana pacifica. Go up these and explored a kind of research method that filters out the agreeable to the taste bait algae of anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, provide scientific basis for effectively setting up artificial breeding population and expanding its cultivation scale, for the artificial breeding of other freshwater shellfish and other aquatic products animals and the cultivation of enhancement releasing resource colony provide reference and the reference of feed algae aspect.

Claims (4)

1. a method for optimizing for the agreeable to the taste bait algae of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1), feeding habits composition in original position anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel alimentary canal
Select the anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel breeding in Different Month with a collection of, described anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel body length is: 0.5cm-1cm, take back laboratory treatment, alimentary canal content is gathered, adding 1-2mL volume ratio is 4% formaldehyde, its algae composition of microscopy, determines that by calculating dominance the feed algae that anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel can ingest is four jiaos of algaes and chlorella;
(2), the aseptic purebred cultivation in the laboratory of bait algae
Grasped the feed algae in anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel digestive system by step (1), in laboratory to feed algae: four jiaos of algaes and chlorella carry out respectively axenic purification cultivation, adopt respectively the BG11 culture medium to cultivate; The cultivation of chlorella: getting 30-40mL cell density is 1.0 × 107-2.0×107In individual/L to 1LBG11 culture medium; The cultivation of four jiaos of algaes: getting 30-40mL cell density is 1.0 × 106-5.0×106In individual/L to 500mLBG11 culture medium; Cultivation temperature is: 25 DEG C, illumination is 2000-3000LX, cultivates the 2-3 month, gets 1-5L chlorella, and cell density is 3 × 109-3×1010Individual/L, tetra-jiaos of algaes of 1-5L, cell density is 3 × 108-3×109Individual/L, for the follow-up checking of throwing something and feeding provides food organisms;
(3), the laboratory of standardization anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel obtains
Screen healthy 3-4 age, the female freshwater mussel of anodonta woodiana pacifica of the long 90-110mm of shell is taken back laboratory, absorb water hook Jie larva ripe in external gill is poured and filled in the 1-2L aeration tap water containers of 3 days with plastic suction pipe, put into sexually matured Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, described Pelteobagrus fulvidraco specification 100-200g, 2-3 tail, with 30-40rmin-1Speed stir clockwise along tub wall, after 15-20min, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is pulled out, move into and cultivate in the net cage of pond, change water once every 48h, through 3 days after dates that come off, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and net cage are taken out from cultivating pond, with the young freshwater mussel of bottom, suction pipe siphon collection cultivation pond;
(4), the bait feeding of young freshwater mussel checking
By culture dish through steeping acid, washed with de-ionized water is clean, in each culture dish, add the 100mL aeration running water of 3 days, every group arranges 3 culture dishes, in each culture dish, put into 10 young freshwater mussels, different bait throwing in groups are set respectively in contrast, bait throwing in group throw something and feed respectively in step (2) four jiaos of algaes and chlorella through cultivating, four jiaos of algaes and chlorella are respectively taking cell density as 1.2 × 106Individual/L – 6.0 × 108Individual/L throws something and feeds to the young freshwater mussel coming off 3 days; Then put into 25 DEG C of illumination boxs, illuminance 600LX, every 48h once change water, microscopy records its survival rate, measures specification size; Cultivate after 3-30 days; Control group children freshwater mussel survival rate is low, the speed of growth is slow; To throw something and feed, high, the fast growth of the young freshwater mussel survival rate of group is according to the agreeable to the taste bait algae that optimizes anodonta woodiana pacifica.
2. the method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), the anodonta woodiana pacifica of Different Month children freshwater mussel is 2 monthly ages, 5 monthly ages, 8 monthly ages and 11 monthly ages, anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel with the monthly age is a group, 5 every group.
3. the method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the acid solution that in described step (4), bubble is sour contains the solution 30L of 5-10% hydrochloric acid, bubble 24h-48h in acid solution.
4. the method for optimizing of the agreeable to the taste bait algae of a kind of freshwater shellfish anodonta woodiana pacifica children freshwater mussel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (4), the young freshwater mussel density of throwing something and feeding is: 1-15 days children freshwater mussels: the chlorella density of throwing something and feeding: 3 × 107-6×107Individual/L; 15-30 days children freshwater mussels: the chlorella density of throwing something and feeding: 6 × 107Individual/L-2.4 × 108Individual/L.
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