CN104472412B - A kind of knife long-tailed anchovy staged mating system - Google Patents
A kind of knife long-tailed anchovy staged mating system Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of knife long-tailed anchovy staged mating system, by the cultivation of standby parent pond Ecology, parent pond reinforced cultivating, hasten parturition selected with parent, parent hastens parturition, natural fertilization, fertilization ovum collecting, incubating oosperm, the indoor intensive seed rearing of cement pit, outdoor ponds large size seedling seed are cultivated 9 production stages and constituted, it is characterized in that the 2 ages above filial generation knife long-tailed anchovy adult fish of artificial breeding is cultivated into pattern using simulation natural, ecological as the standby parent of artificial propagation；Parent's transport of select is put into spawning inducing pool, after parent hastens parturition, just hatchery is put into water after hatchery, fertilization ovum collecting are transferred to after ovum collecting is counted, fry opening after 5~6 days after rupture of membranes, feeds the yolk and small-sized freshwater rotifer being filtrated to get through 80 mesh sieve tulles；After cultivating 15 days, start a point pond, when fry total length reaches 20 30mm, be put into outdoor ponds seed rearing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture, especially a kind of knife long-tailed anchovy mating system.
Background technology
Knife long-tailed anchovy (Coilia nasusSchlegel), also known as long jaw long-tailed anchovy, hairtail, rough cutter fish are commonly called as, is that river sea is migratory
Fish, are distributed mainly on the yellow Bohai Sea of China and the band of the East Sea one, all maritime rivers are distributed, with THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY yield highest.
Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River is strong and famous with fine and tender taste, fresh fertilizer, seasonal, and with the Changjiang river hilsa herring, filefish and claiming " the Changjiang river three delicacies ", history
Upper Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River resource is extremely enriched.In recent years, due to the influence of the factors such as overfishing and the deterioration of the ecological environment, knife
Long-tailed anchovy resource drastically fails, and yield is in downward trend year by year and individual miniaturization is serious, and knife long-tailed anchovy can not form advantage in the Changjiang river
Population, while the price of Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River marketable fish is also constantly rising.The breakthrough and popularization of the artificial breeding technology of knife long-tailed anchovy, and then push away
Enter the industrialization breeding production of the fish, the adjustment of fishery constitution can be promoted, promote fishery synergy, fisherman's increased income.Therefore,
Knife long-tailed anchovy has good development prospect as new varieties are propagated artificially.
At present, the mode of reproduction of knife long-tailed anchovy mainly has two kinds：One kind is pond ecological mating system, i.e., being cleaned up the pond using pond is disappeared
After poison, appropriate reproduction age parent is put into, its natural mating, spawning, hatching is allowed, seed rearing carries out pond also in this pond
Pool biological breeding, changes water in right amount, and manual intervention is considerably less, and certain specification is reached to fry, draws in the net to estimate number, the method advantage is
Simple to operate, essentially without the operation become more meticulous, people receive fast, it is not necessary to receive the training of system, but the method seedling
Kind cultivating survival rate is very low, and completely by natural breed, specific yield is considerably less, the fish that some ponds are not all survived sometimes
Seedling, so the overall seed quantity obtained is also less；Another is the intensive mating system of indoor cement pit, i.e. cement indoors
Cement pit is cultivated in pond artificial induced spawning, the hatching of embryonated egg indoors artificial, seed room, and the method advantage is artificial breeding completely in people
For what is carried out under control condition, seed rearing survival rate is higher, can obtain the seed of batch, but the method is in seed rearing
In the later stage, because fry individual is grown up, food ration increases, and at this moment needs substantial amounts of living bait, it is necessary to substantial amounts of manually living bait
Indoor cement pit is put into after being fished for from pond, while big breeding density of the specification fry in cement pit will be greatly lowered,
Substantial amounts of indoor cement pit can be so taken, while being also required to substantial amounts of artificial cumbersome feed intake to do, inhale bottom, change water, sediment upturning
Operated etc. cumbersome nursery.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that knife long-tailed anchovy staged is bred, to adapt to, knife long-tailed anchovy scale is intensive to breed
Production.
Technical scheme by the cultivation of standby parent pond Ecology, parent pond reinforced cultivating, hasten parturition and use parent
Select, parent hastens parturition, natural fertilization, fertilization ovum collecting, incubating oosperm, the indoor intensive seed rearing of cement pit, outdoor pond
Pool large size seedling seed cultivates 9 production stage compositions, it is characterized in that the 2 ages above filial generation knife long-tailed anchovy adult fish of artificial breeding is made
For the standby parent of artificial propagation, outer pool cultivation is carried out in the 5-10 months of the annual Gregorian calendar, parent is cultivated using simulation natural, ecological
Pattern：Put preceding pond in a suitable place to breed and carry out thorough disinfection, with the band water sterilization of 20ppm bleaching powder, after 2 days, take out Tang Dishui, then with 300 jin/
The quick lime of mu does pool sterilization, is intake after being exposed to the sun one week, and water inlet is used using double-deck bolting silk net bag filtration, nexine with 80 mesh, outer layer
60 mesh sieve tulles, after intaking one week, water colour yellowish green, transparency 20-30cm, it is possible to put Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River standby parent in a suitable place to breed,
Breeding density is 200 tails/mu, and every mu of dispensing 3Kg small dimension exopalaemon carinicauda is inoculated with oppossum shrimp；Bait throwing in daily 1 time, bait is that shrimp is used
Pellet, feeds and is ingested to exopalaemon carinicauda, monthly changes water once, using local river mouth brackish water, salinity 5-8；To Gregorian calendar 11-
Carry out December drawing in the net to move pond, wild fishes and harmful organisms are removed in time, move the preceding pond in pond and carry out thorough disinfection, method is put with parent
Pond disinfection before supporting, breeding density is 50-100 tails/mu, now pond water, salinity 10-15, and small dimension spine end is white in pond
Shrimp injected volume brings up to every 667m26 Kg are delivered, water and bait and feeding method is changed and is cultivated with standby parent pond Ecology；Arrive
Gregorian calendar 2-3 months next year, pond Nei Shui gradually changes fresh water into；To the Gregorian calendar 3-5 months, periodically carry out drawing in the net to take exercise, typically to temper 2-3
It is secondary；To Gregorian calendar early or mid May, when pond water temperature reaches 20~25 DEG C, parent's raun belly expands successively, can now select and urge
Parent is used in production, selects parent's standard：Raun postabdomen expands and soft, and cloacal aperture is micro- red；Milter, light pressure cloacal aperture has a small amount of essence
Liquid flows out, and chance water does not dissipate；The parent of select is transported using drum and is put into spawning inducing pool, drum volume 100L, and every barrel puts 5-10
Tail parent；Whole select will be softly from water with operation in transportation；Spawning inducing pool uses 10~20m2Cement pit, the depth of water
1.1-1.2m, parent's breeding density of hastening parturition is 1~2 tail/m2, continuous micro- inflation, shading regulation and control illumination is below 500Lux；Hasten parturition
Parent population sex ration is 2/3~3/4, and water temperature of hastening parturition is 22~24 DEG C；Oxytocic hormone is luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2,That is LHRH-
A2, hormone is dissolved in 0.9% physiological saline, it is now with the current；Hasten parturition dosage：Raun 20-30ug/Kg, milter halves, and hastens parturition
With saline volume per tail 0.5-2.0ml；After parent hastens parturition, to keep quiet around spawning inducing pool, using natural fertilization mode, effect
Generally 18~35 hours between seasonable, 22~24 DEG C of water temperature is kept, sends special messenger to observe parent's mating to determine egg-laying time, mates
When, milter chases raun, and part fish can skim over from the water surface, hereafter can find there is ovum in pond；It is timely after spawning in 24 hours
Embryonated egg is collected, otherwise embryonated egg meeting rupture of membranes, when collecting embryonated egg, stops the supple of gas or steam 10-20 minutes to spawning inducing pool, allow embryonated egg to float on water
Face, is drawn in the net, bottom of pond 30-40cm is left at end off the net when drawing in the net with the soft bolting silk net of 80 mesh, allows knife long-tailed anchovy parent smoothly to escape from net, knife long-tailed anchovy ovum
Film is very thin, and embryonated egg can not extrude from water, draws in the net to operate with water during hauling, after drawing in the net every time, pause 3-5 minutes allows and stirred
Ovum float to the water surface again, then draw in the net again, after drawing in the net 3-5 times, hatchery be transferred to after ovum collecting is counted, it is general each
Spawning inducing pool can obtain the embryonated eggs of 5-20 ten thousand；Embryonated egg is with 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk mistakes using temperature control, hydrostatic, inflation hatching, Spawning water
The fresh water of filter, preventing medium-sized Copepods, cladocera from entering after water body, fertilization ovum collecting, just band water is put into 10-20m3Seed is trained
Pond is educated, using seed rearing pond as hatchery, hatching density is 5000-10000/m3, inflate hatching within 24 hours, gas exhausting stone is close
Spend for 1.0-1.5/m2, water temperature control, can rupture of membranes through 28~40 hours hatching fries at 23~24 DEG C；Inflated using hydrostatic
Cement pit is cultivated in oxygenation room, water for larval nursing precipitated through pond and cistern two-stage after with the silk cover filterings of 150 mesh；Seed rearing
Gas exhausting stone 0.5-1.2/m in pond2, aeration quantity is wavy, and water temperature is controlled at 23~26 DEG C；Using low water level breeding, first
2/3 water is injected, is then added water daily, is filled it up with after 3 days, water 1/4 is next changed daily, cloth after seedling wants soil pick-up daily from the 6th day
It is 50% that quantity of exchanged water of water once, is every other day changed at clear bottom, and cloth after seedling is from the 15th day, and it is 60~70% that quantity of exchanged water of water is changed every other day；
Fry opening after 5~6 days after rupture of membranes, feeds the yolk and small-sized freshwater rotifer being filtrated to get through 80 mesh sieve tulles；Wheel animalcule density
For 3~5/mL, morning and afternoon respectively throws once, and the feeding volume of medium-sized wheel animalcule is supplemented after cultivating 10 days increases its palatability, cultivates 20
After it, now fry total length 20mm, the ability that its active is ingested is relatively strong, therefore bait mainly feeds large-scale wheel animalcule, medium-sized branch
Angle class and the young of Copepods, zooplankter feed after being filtered after fishing for the bolting silk of 40 mesh, and morning and afternoon respectively throws once,
Supplement feeds artemia nauplii to increase the nutrition of bait simultaneously；After cultivating 15 days, start a point pond, while former pond sediment upturning, point
Density is 1000-2000 tails/m behind pond3, then per 7-10 days sediment upturnings 1 time；Point pond is drawn in the net with sediment upturning with the soft bolting silk net of 60 mesh,
Drawing in the net process will slowly, and seed uses band water operation, it is to avoid big specification fry in unnecessary damage, cement pit；General fry training
Educate after 25-35 days, when fry total length reaches 20-30mm, now fry mobility strengthens, and active prey ability is strong, this fry
Outside pond seed rearing can be put into；The Hekou Area Tu Chi for selecting bottom of pond flat, pond is with pond depth 2m, water level 1.5m, area
3-5 mus are preferred, and each pond is equipped with 1.5kw aerator, and the double-deck 60 mesh sieve tulles bag filtrations of water inlet muzzle, discharge outlet is used
60 mesh lock nets, after after pond disinfection 2 days, water inlet is to bottom of pond immersion is flooded, and it is stand-by that immersion thoroughly drains exposure after 48 hours；According to
The seedling time is put, is intake within 5-10 days in advance, water inlet is using local natural fresh water, 50cm of first intaking, then according to water colour situation and bait
Material biomass progressively adds water until water level reaches fair weather noon aerator start 1h during 1-1.5m, the hair pool, and evening is then
Substantially do not open, typically in 25-30 DEG C of water temperature, water colour thickens after 3-5 days, a small amount of wheel animalcule at this moment just occurs in water body, small
The food organisms such as type cladocera and copepod larva, can be by relatively enriching if quantity is few from other food organisms
Pond in fish for and be inoculated with, after 3-5 days, with beaker, multidraw detects food density in pond, waits into pond bait to give birth to
Object amount reaches that 20-40/L can put seedling；The morning of fair weather is selected, the weather in pond is put seedling, before fry pond-inputting, carried
Front opening aerator is so that water is not stratified and food organisms are evenly distributed, and using 100 liters of big drum, discharge water 30 liters of shading fortune
Defeated, every barrel puts 200-300 tails, puts Miao Shixian and topples over bucket, and the water allowed in pond is introduced into bucket, allows fry to adapt to, 2-3 minutes
Afterwards, fry is being released, breeding density is generally 4000-6000 tails/mu；After seedling is put, aerator fine day noon start 1h, evening opens
Machine 8-12h, bad weather then increases the available machine time；Water 1/3 is changed every two weeks, it is close every 3-5 days detection pond food organisms
Degree 1 time, if finding, food organisms density is less than 1/L, to drag for and be supplemented in time into biological feed from external source pond；Pond rearing
15-20 days, the average size of fry in the long 6.0-6.5cm of body, body weight in 1.00-1.05g, now each fin ray of fry and
Scale etc. has been developed completely, enters juvenile fish stage, and fry, which can be put into pond, carries out conventional cultivation or as summer flower fingerling
Sell.
The present invention is relative to the outstanding feature of prior art：1）Two kinds of knife long-tailed anchovy mating systems are improved, two kinds are highlighted
The advantage of method, solves going wrong for two methods, greatly creates the overall survival rate for improving seed rearing, reduces
The indoor cement pit intensive time for cultivating seed（35 days or so）, the turnover rate of indoor cement pit is improved, indoor training is improved
Bring out pond specification（The long 6.0-6.5cm of body）, the cumbersome operation of indoor culture is reduced, pond rearing knife long-tailed anchovy is drastically increased
Survival rate（85-95%）And specific yield（4000-5500 tails/mu）；Method is easy to operate, practicality, is adapted to knife long-tailed anchovy propagation in scale
Production, and be easy to be accepted and promote；2）Solve the intensive mating system of indoor cement pit and cultivate knife tapertail anchovy seedling, after
The shortage of phase biological feed, consumption a large amount of artificial, indoor seed rearing times are long（50-75 days）, to go out pond specification small（The long 4-5cm of body）
The problem of；3）Solve pond ecological mating system cultivation weed survival rate low（0-10%）, specific yield it is considerably less（1000-
2000 tails/mu）The problem of.
Embodiment
Production technology of the present invention comprises the following steps：
1st, standby parent pond Ecology is cultivated：Using the 2 ages above filial generation knife long-tailed anchovy adult fish of artificial breeding as artificial
The standby parent of breeding, outer pool cultivation is carried out in the 5-10 months of the annual Gregorian calendar, and parent cultivates pattern using simulation natural, ecological：Training
Pond size is educated for 3-5 mus, preceding pond is put in a suitable place to breed and carries out thorough disinfection, with the band water sterilization of 20ppm bleaching powder, after 2-3 days, takes out the pool
Bottom water, then pool sterilization is done with 300 pounds/acre of quick lime, intake after being exposed to the sun one week, water inlet is inner using double-deck bolting silk net bag filtration
Layer 60 mesh sieve tulles of 80 mesh, outer layer, after intaking one week, water colour yellowish green, transparency 20-30cm, it is possible to put length in a suitable place to breed
River knife long-tailed anchovy standby parent, breeding density is 200 tails/mu, and every mu of dispensing 3Kg small dimension exopalaemon carinicauda is inoculated with oppossum shrimp；Daily bait throwing in
1 time, bait is shrimp pellet, mainly feeds and is ingested to exopalaemon carinicauda, monthly changes water once, using local river mouth half
Salt water（Salinity 5-8）.
2nd, parent pond reinforced cultivating：To carrying out the Gregorian calendar 11-12 months drawing in the net to move pond, wild fishes and enemy life are removed in time
Thing, pond size is 2-3 mus, moves the preceding pond in pond and carries out thorough disinfection, method puts preceding pond disinfection in a suitable place to breed with parent, and breeding density is
50-100 tails/mu, now pond small dimension exopalaemon carinicauda injected volume in 10-15, pond is brought up to salinity water and is brought up to often
667m26 Kg are delivered, water and bait and feeding method is changed and is cultivated with standby parent pond Ecology；To Gregorian calendar 2-3 months next year, pond
Pool Nei Shui gradually changes fresh water into；To the Gregorian calendar 3-5 months, periodically carry out drawing in the net to take exercise, typically to take exercise 2-3 times.
3rd, hasten parturition and selected with parent：Gregorian calendar early or mid May, when pond water temperature reaches 20~25 DEG C, parent's raun belly land
It is continuous to expand, it now can select to hasten parturition and use parent, select parent's standard：Raun postabdomen expands and soft, and cloacal aperture is micro- red；It is male
Fish, light pressure cloacal aperture has a small amount of seminal fluid to flow out, and chance water does not dissipate；The parent of select uses drum（100L）Transport, which is put into, hastens parturition
Pond, every barrel puts 5-10 tail parents；Whole select will be softly from water with operation in transportation.
4th, parent hastens parturition：Spawning inducing pool uses 10~20m2Round or square cement pit, depth of water 1.1-1.2m, hasten parturition parent
This breeding density is 1~2 tail/m2, continuous micro- inflation, shading regulation and control（Below 500Lux）.Parent population sex ration of hastening parturition is 2/3~3/
4, water temperature of hastening parturition is 22~24 DEG C；Oxytocic hormone is luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2（LHRH-A2）, hormone is dissolved in 0.9%
Physiological saline, it is now with the current；Hasten parturition dosage：Raun 20-30ug/Kg, milter halves, and hastens parturition with saline volume per tail 0.5-
2.0ml。
5th, natural fertilization：After parent hastens parturition, to keep quiet around spawning inducing pool, using natural fertilization mode, Effect time
Generally 18~35 hours, 22~24 DEG C of water temperature is kept, sends special messenger to observe parent's mating to determine egg-laying time, it is male during mating
Fish chases raun, and part fish can skim over from the water surface, hereafter can find there is ovum in pond.
6th, fertilization ovum collecting：After spawning in 24 hours, embryonated egg is collected in time, otherwise embryonated egg can rupture of membranes, collect by
During smart ovum, spawning inducing pool is stopped the supple of gas or steam 10-20 minutes, allow embryonated egg to bubble through the water column, drawn in the net with the soft bolting silk net of 80 mesh, end off the net when drawing in the net
Bottom of pond about 30-40cm is left, allows knife long-tailed anchovy parent smoothly to escape from net, knife long-tailed anchovy egg membrane is very thin, embryonated egg can not extrude from water, draw in the net
To operate, after drawing in the net every time, pause 3-5 minutes allows the ovum stirred to float to the water surface again, then drawn in the net again, draw with water during net
Net 3-5 time after, can will more than 95% ovum collecting count after be transferred to hatchery, typically each spawning inducing pool can obtain 5-20 ten thousand by
Smart ovum.
7th, the hatching of embryonated egg：Embryonated egg is with 200 mesh silk cover filterings using temperature control, hydrostatic, inflation hatching, Spawning water
Fresh water, prevent that medium-sized Copepods, cladocera from entering water body, just band water is put into seed rearing pond (10- after fertilization ovum collecting
20m3), using seed rearing pond as hatchery, hatching density is 5000-10000/m3, inflation hatching in 24 hours, gas exhausting stone
Density is 1.0-1.5/m2, water temperature control, can rupture of membranes through 28~40 hours hatching fries at 23~24 DEG C.
8th, the intensive seed rearing of indoor cement pit：Cultivated using hydrostatic blowing aeration, water for larval nursing is through pond and retaining
With the silk cover filtering of 150 mesh after the two-stage precipitation of pond；Seed rearing pond (10-20m3), 0.5-1.2/m of gas exhausting stone2, aeration quantity is
Wavy, water temperature is controlled at 23~26 DEG C；Using low water level breeding, the 2/3 of water is initially injected, is then added water daily, after 3 days
Fill it up with, water 1/4 is next changed daily, cloth after seedling is from the 6th day, want the clear bottom of soil pick-up once, every other day to change quantity of exchanged water of water daily to be
50%, cloth after seedling is from the 15th day, and it is 60~70% that quantity of exchanged water of water is changed every other day；Cloth after seedling fry opening after 5~6 days, feed through
Yolk and small-sized freshwater rotifer that 80 mesh sieve tulles are filtrated to get；Wheel animalcule density is 3~5/mL, and morning and afternoon respectively throws once, training
Educate and the feeding volume of medium-sized wheel animalcule is supplemented after 15 days increase its palatability, after cultivating 20 days, now fry total length 20mm, its active is taken the photograph
The ability of food is relatively strong, therefore bait mainly feeds the young of large-scale wheel animalcule, medium-sized cladocera and Copepods, and zooplankter is dragged for
Fed after being filtered after taking with the bolting silk of 40 mesh, morning and afternoon respectively throw once, while supplement feed some artemia naupliis with
Increase the nutrition of bait.
Divide pond, after cultivating 15 days, start a point pond, while density is 1000-2000 tails/m behind former pond sediment upturning, point pond3, so
Afterwards per 7-10 days sediment upturnings 1 time.Point pond is drawn in the net with sediment upturning with the soft bolting silk net of 60 mesh, draws in the net that process is slow, and seed uses band water behaviour
Make, it is to avoid big specification fry in unnecessary damage, cement pit.
After general fry rearing 25-35 days, fry total length reaches 20-30mm, and now fry mobility strengthens, and actively catches
Food ability is strong, and this fry can be put into outdoor ponds seed rearing.
9th, outdoor ponds large size seedling seed is cultivated：The Hekou Area Tu Chi for selecting bottom of pond flat, pond is with pond depth 2m, water level
1.5m, 3-5 mus of area are preferred, and each pond is equipped with 1.5kw aerator, the double-deck 60 mesh sieve tulles bag mistake of water inlet muzzle
Filter, discharge outlet, after after pond disinfection 2 days, intaking to bottom of pond immersion is flooded, thoroughly exposure is drained after soaking 48 hours with 60 mesh lock nets
Shine stand-by；According to the seedling time is put, intake within 5-10 days in advance, water inlet is using local natural fresh water, 50cm of first intaking, then according to water
Pornographic condition and diet biomass etc. progressively add water until fair weather noon aerator is opened during water level reaches 1-1.5m, the hair pool
Machine 1h, evening does not open then substantially, and typically in 25-30 DEG C of water temperature, water colour thickens after 3-5 days, at this moment just occurs in water body few
The food organisms such as the wheel animalcule of amount, small-sized cladocera and copepod larva, can be by from other bait if quantity is few
Fish for and be inoculated with biological more rich pond, after 3-5 days, multidraw detects food density in pond with beaker, waits until
Diet biomass reaches that 20-40/L can put seedling in pond；The morning of fair weather is selected, the weather in pond puts seedling, fish
Before seedling pond-inputting, aerator is opened in advance so that water is not stratified and food organisms are evenly distributed, using 100 liters of big drum（Put
30 liters of water）Shading is transported, and every barrel puts 200-300 tails, puts Miao Shixian and topples over bucket, and the water allowed in pond is introduced into bucket, allows fish
Seedling is adapted to, after 2-3 minutes, is releasing fry, breeding density is generally 4000-6000 tails/mu；Put in after seedling, aerator fine day
Noon start 1h, evening start 8-12h, bad weather then increases the available machine time；Water 1/3 is changed every two weeks, was detected every 3-5 days
Pond food organisms density 1 time, if finding, food organisms density is less than 1/L, to be dragged for from external source pond into biological feed and
When supplement；Pond rearing 15-20 days, the average size of fry is in the long 6.0-6.5cm of body, and body weight is in 1.00-1.05g, survival rate
In 85-95%.Now each fin ray and scale of fry etc. have been developed completely, enter juvenile fish stage, fry can be put into pond
Conventional cultivation is carried out in the pool or is sold as summer flower fingerling.
By the method, Shanghai Aquatic Product Institute Fengxian base obtains the big tail of specification knife long-tailed anchovy seed 80,000 in pond, average body
A length of 6.2-6.5cm, average weight is 1.00-1.05g, and pond seed rearing survival rate is in 85-95%, pond specific yield
35000-55000 tails/mu.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of knife long-tailed anchovy staged mating system, by the cultivation of standby parent pond Ecology, parent pond reinforced cultivating, use of hastening parturition
Parent selects, parent hastens parturition, natural fertilization, fertilization ovum collecting, incubating oosperm, the indoor intensive seed rearing of cement pit, room
Outer pond large size seedling seed cultivates 9 production stages compositions, it is characterized in that by 2 age above filial generation knife long-tailed anchovys of artificial breeding into
Fish carries out outer pool cultivation in the 5-10 months of the annual Gregorian calendar, parent is using simulation natural, ecological as the standby parent of artificial propagation
Cultivation pattern：Put preceding pond in a suitable place to breed and carry out thorough disinfection, with the band water sterilization of 20ppm bleaching powder, after 2 days, take out Tang Dishui, then use
300 pounds/acre of quick lime does pool sterilization, is intake after being exposed to the sun one week, water inlet using double-deck bolting silk net bag filtration, nexine with 80 mesh,
60 mesh sieve tulles of outer layer, after intaking one week, water colour yellowish green, transparency 20-30cm, it is possible to put Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River standby in a suitable place to breed
Parent, breeding density is 200 tails/mu, and every mu of dispensing 3Kg small dimension exopalaemon carinicauda is inoculated with oppossum shrimp；Daily bait throwing in 1 time, bait is
Shrimp pellet, feeds and is ingested to exopalaemon carinicauda, monthly changes water once, using local river mouth brackish water, salinity 5-8；To public affairs
Go through and carry out the 11-12 months drawing in the net to move pond, wild fishes and harmful organisms are removed in time, move the preceding pond in pond and carry out thorough disinfection, method is same
Parent puts preceding pond disinfection in a suitable place to breed, and breeding density is 50-100 tails/mu, now pond salinity water 10-15, small dimension ridge in pond
Tail white shrimp injected volume brings up to every 667m26 Kg are delivered, water and bait and feeding method is changed and is trained with standby parent pond Ecology
Educate；To Gregorian calendar 2-3 months next year, pond Nei Shui gradually changes fresh water into；To the Gregorian calendar 3-5 months, periodically carry out drawing in the net to take exercise, typically to forge
Refining 2-3 times；To Gregorian calendar early or mid May, when pond water temperature reaches 20~25 DEG C, parent's raun belly expands successively, now
Select to hasten parturition and use parent, select parent's standard：Raun postabdomen expands and soft, and cloacal aperture is micro- red；Milter, light pressure cloacal aperture has
A small amount of seminal fluid flows out, and chance water does not dissipate；The parent of select is put into spawning inducing pool using drum transport, drum volume 100L, every barrel
Put 5-10 tail parents；Whole select will be softly from water with operation in transportation；Spawning inducing pool uses 10~20m2Cement pit,
Depth of water 1.1-1.2m, parent's breeding density of hastening parturition is 1~2 tail/m2, continuous micro- inflation, shading regulation and control illumination is below 500Lux；
Parent population sex ration of hastening parturition is 2/3~3/4, and water temperature of hastening parturition is 22~24 DEG C；Oxytocic hormone is luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2,, will swash
Element is dissolved in 0.9% physiological saline, now with the current；Hasten parturition dosage：Raun 20-30ug/Kg, milter halves, and hastens parturition and uses physiology salt
Water is per tail 0.5-2.0ml；After parent hastens parturition, to keep quiet around spawning inducing pool, using natural fertilization mode, Effect time one
As be 18~35 hours, keep 22~24 DEG C of water temperature, send special messenger observe parent mate to determine egg-laying time, during mating, milter
Raun is chased, part fish can skim over from the water surface, hereafter can find there is ovum in pond；After spawning in 24 hours, to collect in time by
Smart ovum, when collecting embryonated egg, stops the supple of gas or steam 10-20 minutes to spawning inducing pool, allows embryonated egg to bubble through the water column, drawn in the net with the soft bolting silk net of 80 mesh,
Bottom of pond 30-40cm is left at end off the net when drawing in the net, and allows knife long-tailed anchovy parent smoothly to escape from net, and knife long-tailed anchovy egg membrane is very thin, and embryonated egg can not be from water
Extruding, draws in the net to operate with water during hauling, after drawing in the net every time, pause 3-5 minutes allows the ovum stirred to float to the water surface again, so
Draw in the net again afterwards, after drawing in the net 3-5 times, hatchery is transferred to after ovum collecting is counted；Embryonated egg is hatched using temperature control, hydrostatic, inflation,
Spawning water is the fresh water with 200 mesh silk cover filterings, prevents medium-sized Copepods, cladocera from entering after water body, fertilization ovum collecting
Just band water is put into seed rearing pond, using seed rearing pond as hatchery, and hatching density is 5000-10000/m3, 24 hours
Inflation hatching, gas exhausting stone density is 1.0-1.5/m2, water temperature was controlled at 23~24 DEG C, through 28~40 hours hatching fries
Rupture of membranes；Cultivated using cement pit in hydrostatic blowing aeration room, water for larval nursing uses 150 purposes after being precipitated through pond and cistern two-stage
Silk cover filtering；Gas exhausting stone 0.5-1.2/m in seed rearing pond2, aeration quantity is wavy, and water temperature is controlled at 23~26 DEG C；Adopt
Low water level breeding is used, 2/3 water is initially injected, then adds water daily, is filled it up with after 3 days, water 1/4, cloth after seedling are next changed daily
From 6th day, it is 50% to want the clear bottom of soil pick-up once, every other day to change quantity of exchanged water of water daily, and cloth after seedling changes water one every other day from the 15th day
Secondary quantity of exchanged water is 60~70%；Fry opening after 5~6 days after rupture of membranes, feeds the yolk that is filtrated to get through 80 mesh sieve tulles and small-sized
Freshwater rotifer；Wheel animalcule density is 3~5/mL, and morning and afternoon respectively throws once, and the feeding volume that medium-sized wheel animalcule is supplemented after cultivating 10 days increases
Plus its palatability, after cultivating 20 days, now fry total length 20mm, the ability that its active is ingested is relatively strong, therefore bait is mainly thrown
The young of large-scale wheel animalcule, medium-sized cladocera and Copepods is fed, zooplankter feeds after being filtered after fishing for the bolting silk of 40 mesh,
Morning and afternoon respectively throws once, while supplement feeds artemia nauplii to increase the nutrition of bait；After cultivating 15 days, start a point pond,
While density is 1000-2000 tails/m behind former pond sediment upturning, point pond3, then per 7-10 days sediment upturnings 1 time；Divide pond and 60 mesh of sediment upturning
Soft bolting silk net is drawn in the net, and process of drawing in the net will slowly, and seed uses band water operation, it is to avoid big specification fish in unnecessary damage cement pit
Seedling；After general fry rearing 25-35 days, when fry total length reaches 20-30mm, now fry mobility strengthens, and actively preys on
Ability is strong, and this fry is put into outside pond seed rearing；The Hekou Area Tu Chi for selecting bottom of pond flat, pond is with pond depth 2m, water
Position 1.5m, 3-5 mus of area, each pond are equipped with 1.5kw aerator, the double-deck 60 mesh sieve tulles bag filtrations of muzzle of intaking,
Discharge outlet, after after pond disinfection 2 days, intaking to bottom of pond immersion is flooded, thoroughly exposure is drained after soaking 48 hours with 60 mesh lock nets
It is stand-by；According to the seedling time is put, intake within 5-10 days in advance, water inlet is using local natural fresh water, 50cm of first intaking, then according to water colour
Situation and diet biomass progressively add water until fair weather noon aerator is started shooting during water level reaches 1-1.5m, the hair pool
1h, evening does not open then substantially, and in 25-30 DEG C of water temperature, water colour thickens after 3-5 days, and a small amount of wheel at this moment just occurs in water body
The food organisms such as worm, small-sized cladocera and copepod larva, after 3-5 days, with beaker, multidraw detects that bait is close in pond
Degree, waits into pond diet biomass to reach that 20-40/L can put seedling；Select the morning of fair weather, the weather in pond
Seedling is put, before fry pond-inputting, aerator is opened in advance so that water is not stratified and food organisms are evenly distributed, it is big using 100 liters
Drum, discharge water 30 liters of shading transports, and every barrel puts 200-300 tails, puts Miao Shixian and topples over bucket, and the water allowed in pond is introduced into bucket
It is interior, allow fry to adapt to, after 2-3 minutes, release fry, breeding density is 4000-6000 tails/mu；Put after seedling, aerator fine day
Noon start 1h, evening start 8-12h, bad weather then increases the available machine time；Water 1/3 is changed every two weeks, was examined every 3-5 days
Survey pond food organisms density 1 time, food organisms density is less than 1/L if finding, to be dragged for from external source pond into biological feed
Supplement in time；Pond rearing 15-20 days, the average size of fry is in the long 6.0-6.5cm of body, and body weight is in 1.00-1.05g, now
Each fin ray and scale of fry etc. have been developed completely, enter juvenile fish stage, and fry, which can be put into pond, carries out routine
Cultivation is used as summer flower fingerling.
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| CN104839069B (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-06-16 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of method for obtaining batch Duo Lin Xi parent populations |
| CN105379650B (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2018-06-22 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of method for obtaining batch America hilsa herring fertilized eggs |
| CN105393958B (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2018-01-19 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of fingerling then indoor water mud sump high-density breeding method of knife long-tailed anchovy artificial breeding |
| CN106259220B (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2019-12-13 | 上海市水产研究所 | Ecological breeding method of sebastiscus marmoratus larva initial feed |
| CN107278986A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-24 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of method that knife long-tailed anchovy seed large-scale ecological is cultivated |
| CN107691299B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2019-08-02 | 上海市水产研究所 | The feeding method of larval rearing in Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River room |
| CN110432192B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-07-16 | 上海市水产研究所（上海市水产技术推广站） | Method for prolonging artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima |
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