CN110432192B - Method for prolonging artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima - Google Patents
Method for prolonging artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima Download PDFInfo
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- CN110432192B CN110432192B CN201910853627.4A CN201910853627A CN110432192B CN 110432192 B CN110432192 B CN 110432192B CN 201910853627 A CN201910853627 A CN 201910853627A CN 110432192 B CN110432192 B CN 110432192B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a method for prolonging the artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima, which comprises eight production steps of parent selection, temperature raising and yield promotion of a first batch of parents, heat preservation and cultivation of a second batch of parents, parent selection and yield promotion of heat preservation and cultivation, parent postpartum care, feed feeding, cleaning of a yield promotion system, roe collection and the like. Through the design of temperature increase and yield promotion of a first batch of parents, heat preservation and cultivation of a second batch of parents and selection and yield promotion of the parents after heat preservation and cultivation, the existing alosa sapidissima propagation method is improved, the seasonal limit that the existing alosa sapidissima is only propagated in the middle ten days of 4 months to the middle ten days of 6 months is broken through, the artificial propagation ending time of the alosa sapidissima is delayed from the middle ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 8 months, the propagation time is prolonged from the original 2 months to about 4 months, the utilization rate of the parents is improved, the production cost for the parents is reduced, and the production benefit is improved; meanwhile, the time for feeding alosa sapidissima fingerlings is also expanded, and more time choices are provided for alosa sapidissima farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for prolonging artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima.
Background
American hilsa herring (Alosa sapidisima), commonly known as american hilsa herring, is distributed mainly in the western west coast of north america from quebec, canada to the florida river and ocean in the united states. The American shad series reproductive migratory fish is rich and rich, delicious in meat and has high economic value, and is widely introduced all over the world. In China, the aquatic research institute in Shanghai city introduced fertilized eggs laid by wild Alosa sapidissima from the American Mississississippi river in 1998, and then fertilized egg hatching, seedling cultivation and cultivation are carried out. Because the American shads are similar to Chinese shads in appearance and comparable in meat quality, under the condition that the Changjiang shads are endangered, the American shads are deeply favored by people, the market price is very high, 80-150 yuan/jin, the profits of cultivating the American shads by cultivating households are high, the cultivating area of the American shads in China is increasingly expanded, the fingerlings of the fishes form a wide market prospect, and the market price of the fingerlings is 3-5 yuan/trail at present.
With the deep research of the alosa sapidissima breeding technology, the alosa sapidissima full artificial breeding technology matures day by day, because ovaries of female alosa sapidissima parents mature in batches and lay eggs in batches, the alosa sapidissima breeding has a certain duration, but in the current research, the artificial breeding time of the alosa sapidissima generally does not exceed 2 months: such as the thesis "American hilsa herring parent fish culture and maturity-promoting spawning technique research" (Cao Xiang De et al, 2016) (spawning period in mid-4-6 months in 2015, wherein mid-5 months is spawning peak period, and the propagation duration is about 2 months); an American hilsa herring artificial propagation test report (Li Weifang, 2013) (30 days in 5 months to 15 days in 6 months in 2009, five batches of the American hilsa herring are successively subjected to a full-artificial induced spawning propagation test, 78 tails of induced spawning parent fishes are put into the test, 5 times of the American hilsa herring artificial propagation test are carried out in the 5-6-month last ten days in 2010, 62 parent fishes are counted, and the propagation duration is less than 1 month); an article of research on artificial propagation and embryonic development of alosa sapidissima (xu gang chun, etc., 2012) (in 2009, from the middle and last ten days of 4 months to the end of 5 months, 50 pairs of alosa sapidissima parent fishes continuously lay eggs, 9.0 ten thousand eggs are collected together, the average fertility rate is 10%, the hatchability is 70% -80%, from 10 months to 25 months in 2009, 4 batches of alosa sapidissima parent fishes are induced to produce together, the spawning rate is 20% -100%, 10.57 ten thousand eggs are obtained, the fertility rate is 0-21.5%, the hatchability is 0-70%, and the propagation duration is about 1.5 months); patent application "a method for obtaining batches of alosa sapidissima fertilized eggs" (application number: CN201510789940.8) (5-21 days in 2014, hormone induced spawning parents are adopted, 11 ten thousand of eggs are obtained in 5-22 and 23 days, 4.0 ten thousand of fertilized eggs are obtained, the average fertilization rate is 36.4%. 2015, 2 batches of alosa sapidissima parents are separated in 5-18 months, 56.32 ten thousand of eggs and 13.76 ten thousand of fertilized eggs are obtained in total, 2-year-old induced spawning parents, female 64 and male 76 are selected in the first batch in 18 days in 5-18 months, the spawning time is 20-29 days in 5 months, 3-year-old induced spawning parents, female 71 and male 76 are selected in 28 days in 5 months, the spawning time is 29-31 days in 5 months, and the propagation duration is not more than half a month); the patent application discloses a method for promoting the mating and fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by using circulating water (CN201810438867.3) (the circulating water of the alosa sapidissima parents from 5 to 6 in the middle of 2017 has good effect on promoting the production and fertilization, 19.47 ten thousand fertilized eggs are obtained in an accumulated way, and the propagation lasts for about 1 month).
Therefore, in the current research, the duration of the artificial propagation of alosa sapidissima does not exceed 2 months, and the propagation season generally ranges from 4 to 6 months. After the propagation is finished, the ovaries in the female alosa sapidissima parents are still large, and a plurality of ova or oocytes are not developed and discharged, so that the waste of the alosa sapidissima parents is caused, therefore, a set of technology is needed to be developed to effectively utilize the undeveloped oocytes and ova to participate in artificial propagation, the propagation time of the alosa sapidissima parents is prolonged, the feeding time of the alosa sapidissima fingerlings is prolonged, the effective feeding of the alosa sapidissima fingerlings cultured fingerlings is improved, and the alosa sapidissima parents can be efficiently utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a method for prolonging the artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima to solve part of defects caused by the existing propagation time of only two months.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method for prolonging the artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima provided by the invention has the technical characteristics that the method comprises the following steps:
A. parent selection
In 3, 4, in the middle of the month, after the water temperature of the greenhouse of the alosa sapidissima overwintering pond is stable for two weeks within the range of 14-16 ℃, parents are selected from the alosa sapidissima overwintering adult fish according to a preset standard, and the selected parents are divided into two batches: one batch of the parents directly enters an indoor yield promoting pond for temperature increase, regulation and control and yield promotion, and the other batch of the selected parents is transported into an indoor temporary culture pond for heat preservation and cultivation;
B. first batch of parent strain temperature raising and yield promoting
The production promoting pool adopts a cement pool with an approximately square upper half part and a conical lower half part, the water depth in the pool is 1.05-1.15 m, and the top partCovering 2-3 layers of shading films to ensure that the illumination intensity range is 300-500 Lux in the daytime, arranging a water outlet and a water discharge cover in the center of the pool bottom, and laying a nano inflation tube around the pool bottom; the stocking density of the spawning-promoting parents just entering the spawning-promoting pond is 1.2-1.6 tails/m2The male-female ratio is 1: 1; gradually raising the temperature of the water in the spawning promotion pool at a speed of 1 ℃/day, keeping the temperature at 17-18 ℃, and changing water for 2 times every week, wherein each time is 30%; starting mating and spawning of the parents capable of promoting production in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, cleaning the parents capable of promoting production in the batch one month later, and simultaneously increasing the stocking density of the parents to 3.0-3.6 tails/m2The water temperature is increased and kept to 18-19 ℃, water is changed for 1 time every 1 day, 50-60% of each time, after the parents mate and lay eggs for one month, the parents are cleaned again, the parents with shriveled abdomens are cleaned, female fishes with enlarged abdomens and male fishes with rich body types are left, and the female fishes and the male fishes are merged into the parents of the second batch to promote production;
the spawning promotion pool is communicated with a long and narrow spawn collecting pool through a drain pipe, an spawn collecting net cage is arranged in the spawn collecting pool, and water in the spawning promotion pool enters the spawn collecting net cage through a central water outlet and the drain pipe by utilizing the water level pressure difference; one end of the spawning pond is provided with a reflux device for refluxing water in the spawning pond to the spawning promotion pond, and a temperature adjusting device is laid in the spawning promotion pond to realize the cooling and heating in the spawning promotion system;
C. second parent heat preservation cultivation
Another batch of alosa sapidissima parents selected by the pond greenhouse are transported into an indoor temporary culture pond of a land-based shady shed for heat preservation and cultivation: a square cement pond with the area of 200-250 m is adopted2The depth is 1.2-1.8 m, an air head is arranged in the pool, and the density of the air head is 0.2-0.3 per m2Continuously inflating, wherein the air flow is in a boiling state, an arch ring top is arranged above the pool and is covered by a shading film with a double-layer shading rate of 90 percent, and the two sides are ventilated; the water temperature is kept between 13 and 16 ℃ from 3 to 4 in the middle of the month, between 14 and 18 ℃ from 4 to 5 in the middle of the month, and the stocking density of the American shad parents is 1 to 2 tails/m2Changing water 1 time per week, 2/3 each time, and turning over the original pool 1 time every 2 weeks, wherein the water changing temperature difference is less than 2 ℃, and the pool turning water temperature difference is less than 1 ℃;
D. parent selection and yield promotion for heat preservation cultivation
5 in the middle and last ten days of the monthSelecting a second batch of yield-promoting parents from the parents of (1), wherein the stocking density is 3.0-3.6 tails/m2Gradually raising the temperature of water at the speed of 1 ℃/day and keeping the temperature to 18-19 ℃, and changing water for 1 time every 1 day, wherein the water is changed for 50-60% each time; the water temperature rises by 0.5 ℃ in the middle ten days of 6 months, the temperature is kept between 18.5 and 19.5 ℃, and the density of the parent is reduced to 1.8 to 2.2 tails/m2Changing water for 1 time every 2 days, wherein the water is changed for 50-60% each time; after 7 months, the water temperature rises to 0.5 ℃, the water temperature is kept at 19.0-20.0 ℃, and the water is changed for 1 time every 2 days, wherein each time is 50-60%; cleaning parents once a month; mating and spawning parents for lasting 8 last ten days;
E. parental postpartum care
After the postpartum parent is moved out of the spawning promotion pool, gradually recovering the natural water temperature, wherein the water temperature recovery speed is 1 ℃/day, simultaneously gradually increasing the salinity to 5-10, normally feeding for a week, and selling by pulling a net;
F. feeding fodder
The feed of the parents is expanded feed in the whole breeding period, concentrated cod-liver oil is added before the feed is fed, the addition amount is 0.2-0.3% of the weight of the feed, the concentrated cod-liver oil is thrown to the water surface for a plurality of times in a small amount, the scattering area of the feed is not less than 5 square meters after the feed is thrown every time, the feed can be completely snatched by the parents in 20-30 seconds, and then the feed is thrown again; feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the time is 10-11 am and 14-15 pm, and the daily feeding amount of the feed is 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the fish;
G. labor enhancement system cleaning
Cleaning the egg collecting net cage for 2 times every day, wherein the egg collecting net cage is integrally scrubbed after the fish eggs are collected for the first time; the second time is that after 18: 00-19: 00 at night and dark days, the egg collecting net cage is cleaned again, and excrement collected to the parents from the egg collecting net cage discharged from a water outlet of the spawning promotion pool is cleaned; cleaning the egg collecting pool for 1 time every 3-4 days, and draining water in the egg collecting pool when water is changed to thoroughly wash the bottom and the wall of the pool; the whole spawning promotion system is thoroughly cleaned for 1 time every half month, parents are put into net cages of a next wall pond by pulling a net, then the bottoms and the walls of the spawning promotion pond and an egg collecting pond are thoroughly brushed, and potassium permanganate is used for disinfection; and meanwhile, the egg collecting net cage is thoroughly cleaned, and the net cage is used after being exposed to the sun for 3-4 hours.
Preferably, in the method for prolonging the artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima provided by the invention, after the parents begin mating and spawning, 9: 00-10: 00, collecting fish eggs from the egg collecting net cage, and counting the fertilization rate. In the method, the mating and spawning time of the alosa sapidissima parents is 4 to 8 in the middle of the month, the propagation duration is 110 to 120 days, and the mating and spawning of a single batch of spawning-promoting parents lasts 75 to 90 days. The average fertilization rate of the collected fish eggs is 8-16%, and the average egg laying rate of each female fish is 4.5-6.5 ten thousand.
Preferably, in the method for prolonging the artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima provided by the invention, in the step A, the criteria for selecting parents from the alosa sapidissima overwintering adult fish are as follows: selecting 2-3-age adult alosa sapidissima fishes which are strong in physique, rich in body and slightly swollen in abdomen as parents, wherein the female-male ratio of the parents is 1:1, and the weight of the parents requires more than 700g of female fishes and more than 500g of male fishes.
Preferably, in the method for prolonging the artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima, provided by the invention, in the step B, the length of a spawning promotion pool is 11.0m, the width is 10.0m, the height is 1.2-1.3 m, the water depth is 1.05-1.15 m, an arched ring top is arranged above the pool, and the arched ring top is covered with the shade-covering film; the size of a water outlet in the center of the bottom of the pond is 4 inches, a cylindrical water discharging cover is arranged on the water outlet, the diameter of the cylindrical water discharging cover is 40cm, the height of the cylindrical water discharging cover is 20cm, the specification of a pore of the water discharging cover is 6 multiplied by 6cm, and the spawning promotion pond is communicated with the long and narrow egg collecting pond through a 4-inch water discharging pipe. The reflux device on the egg collecting pool comprises a gas water pump and a submersible pump, and cold and hot pipelines of the air energy unit are laid in the pool to realize the cooling and heating in the labor promoting system.
Preferably, in the method for prolonging the artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima provided by the invention, in the step F, the particle size of the expanded feed is as follows: 5.0-5.5 mm; conventional nutrient components: the water content is less than or equal to 12 percent, the crude protein content is more than or equal to 44 percent, the crude fat content is more than or equal to 6 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1.2 percent, and the lysine is more than or equal to 2.4 percent; the method for mixing the cod liver oil into the puffed feed comprises the following steps: dissolving cod liver oil in water, adding dry compound feed, allowing the feed to absorb cod liver oil, and allowing cod liver oil to thoroughly enter feed granules after drying in the shade for 2 hr.
Preferably, in the method for prolonging the artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima provided by the invention, the excrement discharged from the water outlet of the labor-promoting pond to the egg collecting net cage is fished and cleaned by adopting a fishing net with a 60-mesh net.
The invention has the following beneficial guarantee and effects:
1) the method improves the prior American shad breeding method by the methods of temperature increase and yield promotion of the first batch of parents and heat preservation and cultivation of the second batch of parents, breaks through the seasonal limitation that the prior American shads are only bred in the middle of 4 months to the middle of 6 months, delays the artificial breeding finish time of the American shads from the middle of 6 months to the last of 8 months, and prolongs the breeding time from the original 2 months to about 4 months; 2) the utilization rate of the parents is improved, the production cost for the parents is reduced, and the production benefit is improved; 3) the time for feeding alosa sapidissima fingerlings is expanded, and more time choices are provided for alosa sapidissima farmers; 4) the problems of fish body emaciation and obvious scale falling caused by mating and spawning of the Alosa sapidissima parents are solved, the Alosa sapidissima postnatal parents still keep good appearance, and the price of the Alosa sapidissima postnatal parents is improved; the method is simple and practical to operate, is suitable for large-scale breeding and production of alosa sapidissima, and is easy to accept and popularize by people.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to examples, but the practice of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment a specific propagation method of alosa sapidissima
The specific propagation method of alosa sapidissima in the embodiment comprises the following production steps:
1. parent selection: generally, after the water temperature of a greenhouse of an alosa sapidissima overwintering pond is stabilized for 2 weeks in 3 to 4 middle ten days, selecting alosa sapidissima adult fishes which are robust in physique, rich in body form, slightly swollen in abdomen and 2 to 3 ages (more than 23 months) from the alosa sapidissima overwintering adult fishes as parents, selecting the female-male ratio of the parents to be 1:1, the weight of the parents to be more than 700g of female fishes and more than 500g of male fishes, and dividing the selected parents into two batches: one batch of the fertilizer directly enters an indoor yield promoting pond for temperature raising, regulation and control and yield promotion: transporting the other batch of selected parents into an indoor temporary culture pond for heat preservation culture;
2. the first parent is heated to promote the production: the production promoting pond adopts a cement pond with an approximately square upper half part and a conical lower half part, the length of the cement pond is 11.0m, the width of the cement pond is 10.0m, the height of the cement pond is 1.2-1.3 m, the water depth of the cement pond is 1.05-1.15 m, an arched ring top is arranged above the cement pond, 2-3 layers of shading films are covered on the top of the cement pond, the illumination intensity range of the daytime is 300-500 Lux, a 4-inch water outlet is arranged in the center of the bottom of the cement pond, a cylindrical water draining cover is arranged on the water outlet, the diameter of the cylindrical water draining cover is 40cm, the height of the cylindrical water draining cover is 20 cm; the water outlet of the spawning promotion pool is communicated with a narrow and long egg collecting pool beside the spawning promotion pool through a 4-inch water discharge pipe, an egg collecting net cage is arranged in the egg collecting pool, water in the spawning promotion pool enters the egg collecting net cage through a central water outlet and the water discharge pipe by utilizing water level pressure difference, and one end of the egg collecting pool is provided with air stripping circulation and a 2-inch submersible pump to return the water in the egg collecting pool to the spawning promotion pool; and cold and hot pipelines of the air energy unit are laid in the egg collecting pool and are used for cooling and heating in the labor promoting system.
The breeding promoting parent just enters a breeding promoting pond, and the stocking density just begins to be 1.2-1.6 tails/m2The male-female ratio of the spawning promotion parent is 1:1, the water temperature of the spawning promotion pool is gradually increased at the speed of 1 ℃/day and is kept at 17-18 ℃, and water is changed for 2 times every week, 30% each time; generally, the parents promoting the production in the middle and last ten days of 4 months begin to mate and lay eggs, the parents promoting the production in the batch are cleaned from the middle and last ten days of 5 months after about one month, and meanwhile, the stocking density of the parents is improved to 3.0-3.6 tails/m2The water temperature is increased and kept to 18-19 ℃, water is changed for 1 time every 1 day, 50-60% of each time, after the parents mate and lay eggs for about one month, the parents are cleaned again, the parents with shriveled abdomens are cleaned, about 40-50% of the parents are generally treated, female fishes with enlarged abdomens and male fishes with rich body types are left, and the female fishes and the male fishes are merged into the parents of the second batch to promote production;
3. and (3) carrying out heat preservation cultivation on the second batch of parents: another batch of alosa sapidissima parents selected by the pond greenhouse are transported into an indoor temporary culture pond of a land-based shady shed for heat preservation and cultivation: a square cement pond with the area of 200-250 m is adopted2The depth is 1.2-1.8 m, an air head is arranged in the pool, and the density of the air head is 0.2-0.3 per m2Continuously inflating, boiling, arranging an arched ring top above the pool, covering by a double-layer shading film with shading rate of 90%, ventilating on two sides, keeping the water temperature at 13-16 ℃ from 3 middle ten days to 4 middle ten days, and keeping the water temperature from 4 middle ten days to 5 monthsThe water temperature is kept at 14-18 ℃ in ten days, and the stocking density of the American shad parents is 1-2 tails/m2Changing water 1 time per week, 2/3 each time, and turning over the original pool 1 time every 2 weeks, wherein the water changing temperature difference is less than 2 ℃, and the pool turning water temperature difference is less than 1 ℃;
4. parent selection and yield promotion of heat preservation cultivation: generally selecting a second batch of yield-promoting parents from the heat-preservation-cultivated parents in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, wherein the stocking density is 3.0-3.6 tails/m2Gradually raising the temperature of water at the speed of 1 ℃/day and keeping the temperature to 18-19 ℃, and changing water for 1 time every 1 day, wherein the water is changed for 50-60% each time; the water temperature rises by 0.5 ℃ in the middle ten days of 6 months, the temperature is kept between 18.5 and 19.5 ℃, and the density of the parent is reduced to 1.8 to 2.2 tails/m2Changing water for 1 time every 2 days, wherein the water is changed for 50-60% each time; after 7 months, the water temperature rises to 0.5 ℃, the water temperature is kept at 19.0-20.0 ℃, and the water is changed for 1 time every 2 days, wherein each time is 50-60%; cleaning parents once a month; mating and spawning parents for lasting 8 last ten days;
5. and (3) parent postpartum care: after the postpartum parent is moved out of the spawning promotion pool, gradually recovering the natural water temperature, wherein the water temperature recovery speed is 1 ℃/day, simultaneously gradually increasing the salinity to 5-10, normally feeding for a week, and selling by pulling a net;
6. feeding the feed: the parent feed during the whole breeding period adopts expanded feed (Zhejiang Minghui feed Co., Ltd. produces expanded feed for sea fish, small fish 3)#The feed has the particle size as follows: 5.0-5.5 mm; conventional nutrient components: the water content is less than or equal to 12 percent, the crude protein content is more than or equal to 44 percent, the crude fat content is more than or equal to 6 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1.2 percent, and the lysine is more than or equal to 2.4 percent, concentrated cod liver oil (concentrated cod liver oil saccharomyces cerevisiae culture II produced by Zhengzhou Manfutt Biotech limited company, the main components are as follows: yeast metabolite, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B, vitamin C, glucose, carriers and the like) in an amount of 0.2-0.3% of the weight of the feed, the fish liver oil is dissolved in water, a dry compound feed is mixed, the fish liver oil is sucked and dried by the feed, then after the fish liver oil is dried in the shade for 2 hours, the fish liver oil completely enters feed particles, a circulating water pump is suspended before feeding, the fish liver oil is thrown to the water surface in a small amount for multiple times, after the feed is thrown each time, the feed can be robbed and eaten by parents for 20-30 seconds, and then the fish liver oil is thrown again; in addition, in order to reduce the mutual snatching of the parentsImpacting and reducing the ingestion time of parents after the feed is thrown every time, scattering feed particles into the water surface to a certain area, wherein the scattered area of the feed is not less than 5 square, feeding for 2 times every day at 10-11 am and 14-15 pm, and the daily feeding amount of the feed is 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the fish;
7. cleaning a labor-promoting system: cleaning the egg collecting net cage for 2 times every day, wherein the egg collecting net cage is integrally scrubbed after the fish eggs are collected for the first time; the second time is that 18: 00-19: 00 at night, after the day is dark, the egg collecting net cage is cleaned again, excrement collected from the egg collecting net cage discharged from a water outlet of the spawning promotion pool and collected to the parent is cleaned, and the excrement is fished and cleaned by a fishing net with the mesh of 60 meshes; cleaning the egg collecting pool for 1 time every 3-4 days, wherein the time is generally selected when water is changed, the water in the egg collecting pool is drained, and the pool bottom and the pool wall are thoroughly washed; the whole spawning promotion system is thoroughly cleaned for 1 time every half month, parents are put into net cages of a next wall pond by pulling a net, then the bottoms and the walls of the spawning promotion pond and an egg collecting pond are thoroughly brushed, and potassium permanganate is used for disinfection; meanwhile, the egg collecting net cage is thoroughly cleaned, and the net cage is used after being exposed to the sun for 3-4 hours;
8. collecting roes: the mating and spawning time of the alosa sapidissima parents is 4 to 8 in the middle of the month, the propagation duration is 110 to 120 days, the mating and spawning of a single batch of spawning-promoting parents lasts for 75 to 90 days, and after the mating and spawning of the parents begin, 9 days in the morning each day: 00-10: 00, collecting fish eggs from the egg collecting net cage, wherein the average fertility rate of the collected fish eggs is 8-16%, and the average egg laying of each female fish is 4.5-6.5 ten thousand.
Second embodiment of the invention
3, 14 days in 2019, pulling a net in an American shad pond greenhouse overwintering pond No. 52 pond, selecting 2-foot-age (23-month-age) adult American shads as parents, and putting the parents into a spawning promotion pond, wherein the area of the spawning promotion pond is about 100m2(middle 9 east)#And 9 West of the middle energizer#) And 152 tails are respectively placed in the two spawning promotion pools.
3 months and 19 days, American shad pond greenhouse overwintering pond 51#And 52#Respectively pulling the net and selecting the parents to the middle 3#And (III) and#area of 220m2The number of stocking is 302 and 300 respectively, and the breeding is used as a low-temperature heat-preservation breeding and preserving parent (second batch).
10-12 days after 4 months, merging the 9-medium-sized and 9-medium-sized ponds into the west (300 tails); 12 and 26 months 4, alosa sapidissima 51#Pulling the net again, selecting 250 tails and directly sending to 9 east#Promoting the production; 4 month, 19 days, 9 West of China#Begin spawning, 9 east of 28 days in 4 months#Spawning begins. 21 days in 5 months, 9 things in the middle#Cleaning and merging into 9 west#293 tailed in total, 3 West in the 6-month-10-day cleaning#The remaining parents were incorporated into a second set of production-promoting parents.
In addition, 21-22 days in 5 months, 8 days in the parent strain is preserved through low-temperature heat preservation cultivation#And (III) and#selecting a second batch of yield-promoting parents, respectively obtaining 170 tails and 147 tails, and placing in the middle 9 east#After the production-promoting parents are put in, spawning begins the next day; day 14 in 6 months and 9 middle east#After cleaning, dividing the pond into two ponds, wherein the number of the middle 9 east and west ponds is 190 and 214 respectively; cleaning parents again at 7 months and 3 days, and merging the parents of 9 things into 9 West#186, then turn over the pool about 20 days later, to the middle 9 east#And 8, 7 days after egg laying, the parent is sold.
In conclusion, the total spawning time of the American shad parents in 2019 is 110 days, the single mating spawning time is 77 days, the spawning time of the single mating is 2226.32 ten thousand, the fertilization rate is 8.80%, the number of fertilized eggs is 195.86 ten thousand, 940 breeding promoting parents are selected in total, each female fish spawns 4.74 ten thousand averagely, the fertilization rate is 6 months and 19 days at most, and the fertilization rate is 35.22%; the number of fertilized eggs per day is 2.83 ten thousand at the maximum of 5 months and 10 days.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for prolonging the artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. parent selection
In 3, 4, in the middle of the month, after the water temperature of the greenhouse of the alosa sapidissima overwintering pond is stable for two weeks within the range of 14-16 ℃, parents are selected from the alosa sapidissima overwintering adult fish according to a preset standard, and the selected parents are divided into two batches: one batch of the parents directly enters an indoor yield promoting pond for temperature increase, regulation and control and yield promotion, and the other batch of the selected parents is transported into an indoor temporary culture pond for heat preservation and cultivation;
B. first batch of parent strain temperature raising and yield promoting
The production promoting pond adopts a cement pond with an approximately square upper half part and a conical lower half part, the water depth in the pond is 1.05-1.15 m, 2-3 layers of shading films are covered on the top of the pond, the illumination intensity range in daytime is ensured to be 300-500 Lux, a water outlet and a water discharge cover are arranged in the center of the bottom of the pond, and a nano inflation tube is laid on the periphery of the bottom of the pond; the stocking density of the spawning-promoting parents just entering the spawning-promoting pond is 1.2-1.6 tails/m2The male-female ratio is 1: 1; gradually raising the temperature of the water in the spawning promotion pool at a speed of 1 ℃/day, keeping the temperature at 17-18 ℃, and changing water for 2 times every week, wherein each time is 30%; starting mating and spawning of the parents capable of promoting production in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, cleaning the parents capable of promoting production in the batch one month later, and simultaneously increasing the stocking density of the parents to 3.0-3.6 tails/m2The water temperature is increased and kept to 18-19 ℃, water is changed for 1 time every 1 day, 50-60% of each time, after the parents mate and lay eggs for one month, the parents are cleaned again, the parents with shriveled abdomens are cleaned, female fishes with enlarged abdomens and male fishes with rich body types are left, and the female fishes and the male fishes are merged into the parents of the second batch to promote production;
the spawning promotion pool is communicated with a long and narrow spawn collecting pool through a drain pipe, an spawn collecting net cage is arranged in the spawn collecting pool, and water in the spawning promotion pool enters the spawn collecting net cage through a central water outlet and the drain pipe by utilizing water level pressure difference; one end of the spawning pond is provided with a reflux device for refluxing water in the spawning pond to the spawning promotion pond, and a temperature adjusting device is laid in the spawning promotion pond to realize the cooling and heating in the spawning promotion system;
C. second parent heat preservation cultivation
Another batch of alosa sapidissima parents selected by the pond greenhouse are transported into an indoor temporary culture pond of a land-based shady shed for heat preservation and cultivation: a square cement pond with the area of 200-250 m is adopted2The depth is 1.2-1.8 m, an air head is arranged in the pool, and the density of the air head is 0.2-0.3 per m2Continuously inflating, the air flow is in boiling state, and an arch ring is arranged above the poolThe top is covered by a shading film with a double-layer shading rate of 90 percent, and the two sides are ventilated; the water temperature is kept between 13 and 16 ℃ from 3 to 4 in the middle of the month, between 14 and 18 ℃ from 4 to 5 in the middle of the month, and the stocking density of the American shad parents is 1 to 2 tails/m2Changing water 1 time per week, 2/3 each time, and turning over the original pool 1 time every 2 weeks, wherein the water changing temperature difference is less than 2 ℃, and the pool turning water temperature difference is less than 1 ℃;
D. parent selection and yield promotion for heat preservation cultivation
Selecting a second batch of yield-promoting parents from the heat-preservation-cultivated parents in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, wherein the stocking density is 3.0-3.6 tails/m2Gradually raising the temperature of water at the speed of 1 ℃/day and keeping the temperature to 18-19 ℃, and changing water for 1 time every 1 day, wherein the water is changed for 50-60% each time; the water temperature rises by 0.5 ℃ in the middle ten days of 6 months, the temperature is kept between 18.5 and 19.5 ℃, and the density of the parent is reduced to 1.8 to 2.2 tails/m2Changing water for 1 time every 2 days, wherein the water is changed for 50-60% each time; after 7 months, the water temperature rises to 0.5 ℃, the water temperature is kept at 19.0-20.0 ℃, and the water is changed for 1 time every 2 days, wherein each time is 50-60%; cleaning parents once a month; mating and spawning parents for lasting 8 last ten days;
E. parental postpartum care
After the postpartum parent is moved out of the spawning promotion pool, gradually recovering the natural water temperature, wherein the water temperature recovery speed is 1 ℃/day, simultaneously gradually increasing the salinity to 5-10, normally feeding for a week, and selling by pulling a net;
F. feeding fodder
The feed of the parents is expanded feed in the whole breeding period, concentrated cod-liver oil is added before the feed is fed, the addition amount is 0.2-0.3% of the weight of the feed, the concentrated cod-liver oil is thrown to the water surface for a plurality of times in a small amount, the scattering area of the feed is not less than 5 square meters after the feed is thrown every time, the feed can be completely snatched by the parents in 20-30 seconds, and then the feed is thrown again; feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the time is 10-11 am and 14-15 pm, and the daily feeding amount of the feed is 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the fish;
G. labor enhancement system cleaning
Cleaning the egg collecting net cage twice every day, wherein the egg collecting net cage is integrally scrubbed after the eggs are collected for the first time; the second time is that after 18: 00-19: 00 at night and dark days, the egg collecting net cage is cleaned again, and excrement collected to the parents from the egg collecting net cage discharged from a water outlet of the spawning promotion pool is cleaned; the egg collecting tank is cleaned once every 3 to 4 days, the time is selected when water is changed, the water in the egg collecting tank is drained and then the bottom and the wall of the tank are thoroughly washed,
the whole spawning promotion system is thoroughly cleaned once every half month, parents are placed into net cages of a next wall pond by pulling a net, then the bottom and the walls of the spawning promotion pond and an egg collecting pond are thoroughly brushed, the spawning promotion pond and the egg collecting pond are disinfected by potassium permanganate, the egg collecting net cages are thoroughly cleaned, and the spawning promotion pond and the egg collecting net cages are used after being exposed to the sun for 3-4 hours.
2. The method for prolonging artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of collecting roes: after the parents begin mating and spawning, 9: 00-10: 00, collecting fish eggs from the egg collecting net cage, and counting the fertilization rate.
3. The method for prolonging artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the step A, the criteria for selecting parents from the Alosa sapidissima overwintering adult fish are as follows: selecting 2-3-age adult alosa sapidissima fishes which are strong in physique, rich in body and slightly swollen in abdomen as parents, wherein the female-male ratio of the parents is 1:1, and the weight of the parents requires more than 700g of female fishes and more than 500g of male fishes.
4. The method for prolonging artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the step B, the length of the production promoting pond is 11.0m, the width of the production promoting pond is 10.0m, the height of the production promoting pond is 1.2-1.3 m, the water depth is 1.05-1.15 m, an arched ring top is arranged above the pond, and the arched ring top is covered with the shading film; the size of a water outlet at the center of the bottom of the pool is 4 inches, a cylindrical water discharge cover is arranged on the water outlet, the diameter of the cylindrical water discharge cover is 40cm, the height of the cylindrical water discharge cover is 20cm, the specification of a pore of the water discharge cover is 6 multiplied by 6cm, the spawning promotion pool is communicated with the long and narrow egg collecting pool through a 4-inch water discharge pipe,
the reflux device on the egg collecting pool comprises a gas water pump and a submersible pump, and cold and hot pipelines of the air energy unit are laid in the pool to realize the cooling and heating in the labor-promoting system.
5. The method for prolonging artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the step F, the particle size of the expanded feed is as follows: 5.0-5.5 mm; conventional nutrient components: the water content is less than or equal to 12 percent, the crude protein content is more than or equal to 44 percent, the crude fat content is more than or equal to 6 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1.2 percent, and the lysine is more than or equal to 2.4 percent;
the method for mixing the cod liver oil into the puffed feed comprises the following steps: dissolving cod liver oil in water, adding dry compound feed, allowing the feed to absorb cod liver oil, and allowing cod liver oil to thoroughly enter feed granules after drying in the shade for 2 hr.
6. The method for prolonging artificial propagation time of alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
and G, fishing and cleaning the excrement discharged from the drainage port of the spawning promotion pool to the egg collecting net cage by using a fishing net with a mesh of 60 meshes.
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