CN108617555B - method for promoting mating and fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by circulating water - Google Patents
method for promoting mating and fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by circulating water Download PDFInfo
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- CN108617555B CN108617555B CN201810438867.3A CN201810438867A CN108617555B CN 108617555 B CN108617555 B CN 108617555B CN 201810438867 A CN201810438867 A CN 201810438867A CN 108617555 B CN108617555 B CN 108617555B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for promoting the mating fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by circulating water. The method for promoting the mating and fertilization of the alosa sapidissima parents by using circulating water effectively avoids the problems of mutual interference and fertilized egg ingestion during the front and back mating of the better-developed parents and the slow-developed parents; meanwhile, the mold outbreak during the incubation period caused by early infection of mold on fertilized eggs is effectively prevented; the interference of the roe to mating caused by the ingestion of other alosa sapidissima and the artificial fishing of the roe is avoided; the method saves water, especially valuable underground deep well water resources, is simple, convenient and practical to operate, is suitable for large-scale breeding and production of alosa sapidissima, and is easy to accept and popularize by people.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for promoting the mating and fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by circulating water.
Background
American hilsa herring (Alosa sapidisima), commonly known as american hilsa herring, is distributed mainly in the western west coast of north america from quebec, canada to the florida river and ocean in the united states. The American shad series reproductive migratory fish is rich and rich, delicious in meat and has high economic value, and is widely introduced all over the world. In China, the aquatic research institute in Shanghai city introduced fertilized eggs laid by wild Alosa sapidissima from the American Mississississippi river in 1998, and then fertilized egg hatching, seedling cultivation and cultivation are carried out. Because the alosa sapidissima has similar appearance and comparable meat quality with Chinese alosa sapidissima, under the condition that the alosa sapidissima is endangered and extincted, the alosa sapidissima is deeply loved by people, the market price is also very high, 80-150 yuan/jin, farmers breed the alosa sapidissima at a time, and the fingerlings of the alosa sapidissima have formed wide market prospects.
at present, there are three main artificial propagation modes of alosa sapidissima: 1) hormone injection and induced spawning artificial fertilization are given to obtain a small amount of fertilized eggs, such as: patent "a method for artificially induced spawning of alosa sapidissima, insemination and hatching of fertilized eggs" (publication No. CN101642067A, application No. 200910034085.4) and paper "artificial propagation and embryonic development of alosa sapidissima" (xu steel spring et al, 2012), but this method has great difficulty and low success rate of artificial propagation, as described in the study paper of xu steel spring et al (2012): because the stress reaction caused by excessive operation of artificial propagation such as injection and the like causes stress reaction on alosa sapidissima, ovulation of ova and uncoordinated egg laying process are easily caused, and the delayed spawning or parent fish death are caused, so that the artificial propagation efficiency is reduced and the cost is increased, and the method is practiced by technicians in the field for many years, has higher difficulty and large parent loss and is rarely used at present; 2) the method is characterized in that ecological regulation and control are carried out in an enhanced cultivation pond for alosa sapidissima parents, and particularly, deep well water which is less than 150 meters underground and has the water temperature of 16-17 ℃ in winter and spring is pumped and discharged while water is fed to increase water flow stimulation (1.2-2.5 m)3/h；4～7m3/h；10～12m3and/h), enabling parents to naturally lay eggs, and then collecting fish eggs, so as to obtain a certain amount of fertilized eggs, for example, in patents of 'a method for enabling alosa sapidissima to naturally lay eggs by artificially breeding ecological factors' (publication No. CN103478022A, application No. 201310339384.5), 'a method for enabling alosa sapidissima to naturally lay eggs by breeding in ponds by ecological regulation' (publication No. CN101884310A, application No. 201010216569.3) and 'artificial propagation and embryonic development of alosa sapidissima' (Xuanchun, etc., 2012), the method has limitations: according to the method, no production-promoting parent is selected before alosa sapidissima is produced, but due to asynchrony of gonad development during the cultivation of the alosa sapidissima parent, a better-developed parent and a slow-developed parent are mixed together, and when the better-developed parent is mated and fertilized in the first stage, the slow-developed parent interferes with natural mating of the parents and ingestion of the produced fertilized eggs; conversely, when the gonads of the diapause parents to be developed mature and mate to lay eggs, the parents originally participating in mating enter the breeding period of the postpartum parents, the postpartum parents reversely interfere the natural mating of the parents, and meanwhile, the postpartum parents urgently need nutrition supplement and are more favored to take in the pondthe fish eggs are used for supplementing nutrition in vivo; in the parent breeding pond, commercial baits are normally fed, residual baits are easy to sink, more excrement is produced, the collected fertilized eggs are particularly bitter and difficult to clean, and mold outbreak occurs in the incubation period of the fertilized eggs due to early pollution of the cleaned fertilized eggs; meanwhile, the water flow stimulation adopts large discharge of deep well water while entering and exiting, so that high-quality natural resources are greatly wasted; 3) adopting the labor-promoting loop to obtain batches of alosa sapidissima fertilized eggs, although solving the difficulties of the prior art: the method for obtaining the fertilized eggs of the alosa sapidissima in batches (publication No. CN105379650A, application No. 201510789940.8) has the defects that the method for obtaining the fertilized eggs of the alosa sapidissima in batches is not interfered, the fertilized egg cleaning and the deep well water use are limited and wasted, for example, the method for obtaining the fertilized eggs of the alosa sapidissima in batches is applied to a patent application (publication No. CN105379650A, application No. 201510789940.8), but the method is tedious in collecting the alosa sapidissima, and meanwhile, because the alosa sapidissima has the habit of eating the alosa sapidissima eggs, in the period of laying and mating, a specially-assigned person is required to take care of a spawning and mating promoting loop, so that the alosa sapidi. Therefore, a method for solving the defects of the alosa sapidissima propagation method is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing alosa sapidissima propagation method and provides a method for promoting the mating fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by using circulating water.
The invention provides a method for promoting the mating fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by circulating water, which consists of the construction of an alosa sapidissima parent spawn promotion circulating system, the preparation before stocking of spawning promotion parents, the selection and stocking of the spawning promotion parents, the mating fertilization of the spawn promotion parents, the collection of fish eggs and the cleaning and supplement of the parents, and comprises the following steps:
a) Constructing a parturition promoting circulation system of the alosa sapidissima parent: the parent spawning promotion circulating system comprises an egg collecting pool and a spawning promotion pool which are adjacent, wherein the egg collecting pool is a rectangular cement pool, and an egg collecting net cage is arranged in the egg collecting pool; the spawning promotion pool is a square cement pool, the longitudinal section of the spawning promotion pool is funnel-shaped, a water outlet is formed in the center of the bottom of the pool, a water drainage pipe is connected below the water outlet, and the spawning promotion pool is connected with the lower end of an egg collecting net cage in an egg collecting pool through the water drainage pipe; one side of the egg collecting pool close to the spawning promotion pool is provided with an air stripping circulating pipe and a submersible pump.
Preferably, an arch-shaped ring top is arranged above the alosa sapidissima parent labor promoting circulation system, and 2-3 layers of shading films cover the top of the alosa sapidissima parent labor promoting circulation system. The illumination intensity range in the daytime is 300-500 Lux.
preferably, the length of the production promoting pond is 11.0m, the width of the production promoting pond is 10.0m, the height of the production promoting pond is 1.2-1.3 m, and the water depth of the production promoting pond is 1.05-1.15 m.
Preferably, the four corners of the square of the labor-promoting pool are provided with chamfers.
Preferably, the water outlet at the center of the bottom of the production promoting pool is a 6-inch water outlet, the water outlet is provided with a round outer-ring and well-shaped water draining cover which is made of stainless steel bars through welding, and a 4-inch water draining pipe is connected below the water draining cover. The fall between the central water outlet at the bottom of the pool and the bottom of the pool wall is 20-30 cm. And a nano inflation tube is arranged at the bottom of the periphery of the wall of the labor-promoting pond to form a closed inflation ring.
Preferably, the egg collecting pond is a long and narrow rectangular cement pond, the length is 11.0m, the width is 1.0m, the height is 1.6-1.7 m, and the water depth is 1.4-1.5 m.
Preferably, 201 inch air-lift circulating pipes are arranged on one side of the egg collecting pool close to the spawning promotion pool, and water in the egg collecting pool is lifted into the spawning promotion pool in an air inflation mode. A 2-inch 0.75KW submersible pump is arranged on the same side, and water in the egg collecting pool is returned to the spawning promotion pool through a hose.
Preferably, the egg collecting net cage in the egg collecting pond comprises a cuboid net cage and a net cage frame for fixing the net cage, the net cage is fixed on the net cage frame through a net cage nylon rope, a circular hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the net cage, a cylindrical net sleeve protruding downwards and provided with openings at two ends is sewn, and the inside of the net cage is communicated with the outside through the circular hole in the center of the bottom of the net cage. When the egg collecting net cage is used, the egg collecting net cage is placed in an egg collecting pool, and the spawning promotion pool is connected with the lower end of the egg collecting net cage in the egg collecting pool through a drain pipe.
When in use, the net cover is directly sleeved on the pipe orifice of the drainage pipe communicated with the labor-promoting pond. The water in the spawning promotion pool enters the egg collecting net cage along the water flow direction through the central water outlet and the water discharge pipe by utilizing the water level pressure difference, so that fish eggs enter the net cage from the bottom along with the water flow of the water discharge pipe, the fish eggs are retained in the net cage, the water flow enters the egg collecting pool through the net cage net piece, and then enters the spawning promotion pool through the air lift pipe and the submersible pump to form water flow and vortex, and meanwhile, the whole water circulation is also completed. The egg collecting net cage is provided with an opening at the bottom, which is more favorable for collecting the fertilized eggs which are like alosa sapidissima and have more sinking property, and the fertilized eggs are uniformly stirred in the egg collecting net cage from bottom to top along with the water flow in the collecting process, so that the phenomenon that the fertilized eggs of the egg collecting net cage with the side opening are easy to sink and pile up is avoided, and the fertilized eggs are pushed to one end under the action of the water flow, so that the egg particles are dense and rubbed, and the hatching rate is finally influenced.
Preferably, a nylon rope is sewn on the outer edge of the lower portion of the net sleeve and used for fixing the net sleeve on the pipe orifice of the drainage pipe. The net cage frame is formed by processing moso bamboo and comprises two long net cage frame sides and two wide net cage frame sides which are fixed into a rectangle, and four net cage frame support legs which are perpendicular to the rectangle. The lengths of the long sides of the net cage frame, the wide sides of the net cage frame and the support legs of the net cage frame are 135cm, 90cm and 60cm respectively. The net cage is made of a 30-mesh screen, preferably a polyethylene net, and has the length, width and height of 100 x 60 x 40 cm. The net cover is made of fiber cloth or is made of cool fiber cloth, the diameter of the net cover is 20cm, and the height of the net cover is 35 cm. The sizes of the net cage and the net cage frame can be determined according to the size of the egg collecting pond.
b) Preparing the yield-promoting parents before stocking: before stocking the spawning promotion parents, disinfecting the spawning promotion pool, the egg collecting pool and accessory equipment, and using the spawning promotion pool, the egg collecting pool and the accessory equipment after water injection circulation, wherein the water temperature is maintained at 18-19 ℃.
Preferably, before stocking the labor-promoting parents, disinfecting the labor-promoting pond, the egg collecting pond and accessory equipment, injecting water into the whole system, splashing the whole pond after dissolving the labor-promoting parents by using 10PPm bleaching agent, opening a valve of an air lifting pipe to circulate the water in the whole system for 1-2 hours, soaking for 24 hours, draining, washing, airing for 3-4 days for reuse, feeding water 2-3 days before stocking the parents, performing primary sedimentation of the water in the pond, secondary sedimentation of the water in a cement pond and temperature adjustment of an air energy unit, filtering the water by using an 80-PPm silk net, after feeding the water, dissolving the soda 1-2 PPm in the whole pond, splashing, opening air lifting circulation and air inflation of nanotubes, and circulating for 24 hours for use, wherein the water temperature is maintained at 18-19 ℃.
c) And (3) selecting and stocking the yield-promoting parents: selecting American shad parents for promoting labor from the beginning of 5 to 6 months, and putting the American shad parents into a labor-promoting pond, wherein the stocking density of the labor-promoting parents is 0.5 to 1.5 tails/m2The male-female ratio is 1: 1.6-1: 2.0.
Preferably, parents for promoting production are selected in an alosa sapidissima parent strengthening culture pond, and the parent strengthening culture pond is a simple greenhouse cement pond. Selecting a production promoting parent: the belly of the female fish expands and is soft, the cloaca is reddish, and eggs do not flow when the belly is slightly pressed; the male fish, slightly pressing the cloaca, has a small amount of seminal fluid flowing out and is not scattered when meeting water.
Preferably, in the selection process, the parents are respectively placed into a net cage for temporary culture in a female-male mode, the specification of the net cage is 2.0m in length, 1.2m in width and 0.5m in height, a net piece of the net cage is a leather strip net with 2 x 3mm in mesh, the temporary culture density is 10-15 tails/box for female fishes, 20-30 tails/box for male fishes, and the temporary culture time is not more than 30 minutes; the method is characterized in that a plastic barrel is adopted for transportation and is placed into a spawning promotion pool, the diameter and the height of the plastic barrel are 32cm and 35cm, the capacity of the barrel is 28 liters, the water quantity in the barrel is 15 liters when fish is transported, namely 1/2 of the barrel, 1 tail is placed in each barrel of female fish and 2-3 tails are placed in a barrel of male fish during transportation.
Preferably, the whole selecting and transporting process is operated gently without leaving water, and the time of each loading and transporting process does not exceed 15 minutes; the stocking density of the labor-promoting parents is 0.5-1.5 tails/m2The male-female ratio is 1: 1.6-1: 2.0.
d) Parent spawning promotion, mating and fertilization: after the parents enter a spawning promotion pool, keeping the periphery absolutely quiet, continuously starting nano aeration and air stripping circulation for 24 hours, not feeding commercial feed in the spawning promotion period, changing water for 1 time every afternoon, wherein the water temperature for spawning promotion is kept at 19.0-20.0 ℃.
Preferably, the circulating submersible pump is started during the 10:00 am period of 20: 00-next morning to promote the circulating pressure, so that the water level difference between the spawning promoting pool and the egg collecting pool reaches 20-30 cm, and the water flow velocity of the spawning promoting pool to the egg collecting pool through the 4-inch water discharge pipe reaches 20m3And h, forming a vortex above the central water outlet of the production promoting pond.
Preferably, the water changing operation is specifically that a drain valve of the egg collecting pool is opened to reduce the water level of the egg collecting pool by half, then the water is filtered by a 80-mesh silk screen, the water is used as a pond water source containing unicellular algae and having the transparency of 20-30 cm, and the pond water source is aerated and precipitated by a cement pond and cooled to 16-18 ℃ by an air energy unit to keep the spawning promotion water temperature at 19.0-20.0 ℃ and counteract the water temperature rise of the spawning promotion circulation system caused by high air temperature; and removing dead individuals in time to prevent the dead individuals from blocking the central water outlet.
e) Collecting roes: collecting roes, generally 10: 00-11: 00, at the bottom of a 24-mesh soft bolting silk circular brail net box, rinsing the roes for a few times, and removing water body sediments.
Preferably, the mating and fertilization time of the alosa sapidissima parents is generally 5: 00-8: 00, the number of collected roes is generally 10: 00-11: 00, before the roes are collected, the periphery of a net sheet of an roe collecting net cage is cleaned firstly, garbage attached to the net sheet is removed, then the net cage is lifted up, the bottom of the net cage is suspended 5-10 cm below the water surface, the bottom of the fish roes in a semi-wet state is submerged, the bottom of the net cage is shoveled by a 24-mesh soft-bolting silk circular shoveling net, the collected roes are mixed with scales and water body sediments and need to be cleaned and separated, the roes are rinsed for a small amount of times by the 24-mesh soft-bolting silk circular shoveling net, and; sieving with 6 × 6mm mesh sieve, removing scale and feces, counting roe volume with beaker, transferring to hatching pond, and cleaning roe with water from labor promoting pond.
f) Parent cleaning and supplementing: cleaning the parent 1 time every 7-10 days, changing water 1/2 when cleaning the parent, wherein the water changing source is required to be the same as the step d, but the temperature difference between the water temperature of the changed water and the water temperature of the original pool is less than 1 ℃; reserving the parents which do not participate in mating fertilization in a pool, transferring the postpartum parents into a reinforced cultivation pool, and cultivating again; additionally, new parents are supplemented to the labor-promoting pool.
compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding characteristics that:
1. the method for promoting the mating and fertilization of the alosa sapidissima parents by adopting the circulating water improves two existing alosa sapidissima propagation methods, highlights the advantages of the two methods and solves the problems of the two methods;
2. The defect of a method for obtaining fertilized eggs by ecological regulation in a parent reinforced cultivation pool is overcome, after the parent reinforced cultivation, the yield-promoting parents are selected before the yield promotion, the purpose is strong, and the problems that the better-developed parents and the slowly-developed parents mutually interfere and absorb the fertilized eggs during the front and back mating are effectively avoided; meanwhile, the scheme also avoids the mildew outbreak during the incubation period caused by early infection of the fertilized eggs with mildew after selecting the spawning-promoting parents to move into the pond due to pollutants and residual baits in the parent culture pond;
3. The problem that the spawning promoting loop is adopted to obtain batches of alosa sapidissima fertilized eggs, the collection of the alosa sapidissima eggs is complicated, the spawning and mating periods are not needed to be observed by a special person, the circulating water flow collects the alosa eggs, and the interference of the alosa sapidissima eggs ingested by other alosa sapidissima and the artificial fishing of the alosa sapidissima eggs on mating is avoided;
4. According to the technical scheme, the monadaceae is used as the bait of the alosa sapidissima parent, so that the problem that the residual bait and excrement are much when commercial feed is fed is solved, the difficulty in cleaning and separating the collected roes is avoided, and the collected fertilized roes are easy to clean; meanwhile, the long-term hunger of the parents and the fertilized egg intake of the parents in the non-bait-casting breeding mode are relieved;
5. The technical scheme of the invention adopts the circulating water flow to stimulate the mating of the parents, abandons the water flow stimulation mode of deep well water inflow and discharge, saves water, particularly valuable underground deep well water resources, has simple and convenient and practical operation, is suitable for the large-scale breeding production of alosa sapidissima, and is easy to be accepted and popularized by people.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the labor-promoting circulatory system of an Alosa sapidissima parent employed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the labor-promoting circulatory system of the Alosa sapidissima parent employed in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an egg gathering net cage in the labor-promoting circulatory system of alosa sapidissima parents adopted in the invention.
The reference numerals and components referred to in the drawings are as follows:
1-egg collecting pool; 2-a production promoting pool; 3, a drain pipe; 4-water flow direction; 5-a submersible pump; 6-gas stripping circulation pipe; 7-egg collecting net cage; 71-long side of net cage frame; 72-wide side of the net cage frame; 73-net cage frame support legs; 74-net cage; 75-nylon mesh cage rope; 76-a mesh sleeve; 77-nylon rope.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1 the Alosa sapidissima parent in the invention promotes the labor circulation system
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the labor-promoting circulatory system of alosa sapidissima parents used in the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the labor-promoting circulatory system of the Alosa sapidissima parent employed in the present invention.
The alosa sapidissima parent spawning promotion circulating system adopted by the invention comprises an egg collecting pond 1 and an egg spawning promotion pond 2 which are adjacent, wherein the egg collecting pond 1 is a long and narrow rectangular cement pond, and an egg collecting net cage 7 is arranged in the egg collecting pond 1. The spawning promotion pool 2 is an approximately square cement pool, the longitudinal section of the spawning promotion pool 2 is funnel-shaped, a water outlet is arranged in the center of the pool bottom, a water drainage pipe 3 is connected below the water outlet, and the spawning promotion pool 2 is connected with the lower end of an egg collecting net cage 7 in an egg collecting pool 1 through the water drainage pipe 3.
The length of the production promoting pond 2 is 11.0m, the width of the production promoting pond is 10.0m, the height of the production promoting pond is 1.2-1.3 m, and the water depth of the production promoting pond is 1.05-1.15 m. Four corners of the square of the labor-promoting pool 2 are provided with chamfers. The water outlet at the center of the bottom of the production promoting pool 2 is a 6-inch water outlet, a round outer-ring and well-shaped water draining cover made of welded stainless steel bars is arranged on the water outlet, and a 4-inch water draining pipe 3 is connected below the water draining cover. The fall between the central water outlet at the bottom of the pond and the bottom of the pond wall is 20-30 cm, and the bottom of the periphery of the pond wall of the labor-promoting pond 2 is provided with a nano inflating tube to form a closed inflating ring.
The egg collecting pond 1 is a long and narrow cement pond, the length is 11.0m, the width is 1.0m, the height is 1.6-1.7 m, and the water depth is 1.4-1.5 m. One side of the egg collecting pool 1 close to the spawning promotion pool 2 is provided with 20 1-inch air stripping circulating pipes 6, water in the egg collecting pool 1 is lifted into the spawning promotion pool 2 in an air inflation mode, a 2-inch 0.75KW submersible pump 5 is further arranged on the same side, and the water in the egg collecting pool 1 flows back to the spawning promotion pool 2 through a hose.
An egg collecting net cage 7 is arranged in the egg collecting pool 1. Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ovum-collecting net cage in the labor-promoting circulation system of alosa sapidissima parents adopted in the invention. The egg collecting net cage 7 comprises a cuboid net cage 74 and a net cage frame for fixing the net cage 74, wherein the net cage 74 is fixed on the net cage frame through a net cage nylon rope 75, a circular hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the net cage 74, a cylindrical net sleeve 76 protruding downwards and provided with openings at two ends is sewn, and the inside of the net cage 74 is communicated with the outside through the circular hole in the center of the bottom of the net cage 74 by the net sleeve 76. When the egg collecting net cage 7 is used, the egg collecting net cage 7 is placed in the egg collecting pool 1, and the spawning promotion pool 2 is connected with the lower end of the egg collecting net cage 7 in the egg collecting pool 1 through the drain pipe 3.
When in use, the net cover 76 is directly sleeved on the pipe orifice of the water discharge pipe 3 communicated with the labor-promoting pond 2. The water in the spawning promotion pool 2 enters the egg collecting net cage 7 along the water flow direction 4 through the central water outlet and the water outlet pipe 3 by utilizing the water level pressure difference, so that fish eggs enter the net cage 74 from the bottom along with the water flow of the water outlet pipe 3, the fish eggs are retained in the net cage 74, the water flow enters the egg collecting pool 1 through the net cage 74 net piece, and then enters the spawning promotion pool 2 through the air lift pipe 6 and the submersible pump 5 to form water flow and vortex, and meanwhile, the whole water circulation is also completed.
The outer edge of the lower part of the net cover 76 is sewed with a nylon rope 77 for fixing the net cover 76 on the pipe orifice of the drain pipe 3. The net cage frame is formed by processing moso bamboo and comprises two long net cage frame edges 71 and two wide net cage frame edges 72 which are fixed into a rectangle shape, and four net cage frame support legs 73 which are perpendicular to the rectangle shape. The lengths of the long sides 71 of the net cage frame, the wide sides 72 of the net cage frame and the support feet 73 of the net cage frame are 135cm, 90cm and 60cm respectively. The net cage 74 is made of a 30-mesh screen, and the length, width and height are 100 multiplied by 60 multiplied by 40 cm. The net cover 76 is made of fiber cloth or indeed cool, and has a diameter of 20cm and a height of 35 cm. It should be noted that the size of the net cage 74 and the net cage frame can be determined according to the size of the egg collecting tank 1.
Example 2A method for promoting the mating fertilization of Alosa sapidissima parents by using circulating water
The invention discloses a method for promoting the mating fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by circulating water, which comprises the steps of constructing a production promoting circulation system of alosa sapidissima parents, preparing before stocking the production promoting parents, selecting and stocking the production promoting parents, promoting the production of the parents, mating fertilization, collecting fish eggs, cleaning and supplementing the parents and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. Constructing a parturition promoting circulation system of the alosa sapidissima parent: constructing a parturition promoting circulation system of the alosa sapidissima parent according to the embodiment 1; an arch-shaped ring top is arranged above the labor-promoting circulation system, and 2-3 layers of shading films cover the top of the labor-promoting circulation system, so that the illumination intensity range in the daytime is 300-500 Lux;
2. preparing the yield-promoting parents before stocking: before breeding of the labor-promoting parents, disinfecting a labor-promoting pond, an egg collecting pond and accessory equipment, injecting water into the whole system, splashing the whole pond after dissolving the labor-promoting parents by using 10PPm bleaching powder, opening a valve of an air lifting pipe to enable the water in the whole system to circulate for 1-2 hours, soaking for 24 hours, draining, washing, airing for 3-4 days for reuse, feeding water 2-3 days before breeding of the parents, performing primary sedimentation of the water in the pond, secondary sedimentation of the water in the cement pond and temperature adjustment of an air energy unit, filtering the water by using a 80-mesh silk net, after feeding water, dissolving 1-2 PPm sodium bicarbonate, splashing the whole pond, opening air lifting circulation and air inflation of nanotubes, wherein the water can be used for 24 hours in circulation, and the water temperature is maintained at 18-19 ℃.
3. and (3) selecting and stocking the yield-promoting parents: and (3) selecting the parent for promoting the production in an Alosa sapidissima parent reinforced culture pond at the beginning of 5-6 months, wherein the parent reinforced culture pond is a simple greenhouse cement pond, and the requirement of selecting the parent for promoting the production is as follows: the belly of the female fish expands and is soft, the cloaca is reddish, and eggs do not flow when the belly is slightly pressed; the male fish slightly presses the cloaca holes, a small amount of seminal fluid flows out, and the seminal fluid is not dispersed when meeting water; in the selection process, the parents are respectively placed into net cages for temporary culture, the specification of the net cages is 2.0m long, 1.2m wide and 0.5m high, the meshes of the net cages are 2 x 3mm fur strip nets, the temporary culture density is 10-15 tails/box for female fishes and 20-30 tails/box for male fishes, and the temporary culture time is not more than 30 minutes; transporting the fish into a spawning promoting pond by adopting a plastic barrel, wherein the diameter and the height of the plastic barrel are 32cm and 35cm, the capacity of the barrel is 28 liters, the water content in the barrel is 15 liters when the fish is transported, namely 1/2 of the barrel, and during transportation, 1 tail is put in each barrel of female fish and 2-3 tails are put in a barrel of male fish; the operation needs to be soft and not to leave water in the whole selecting and transporting process, and the loading and transporting time of each time does not exceed 15 minutes; the stocking density of the labor-promoting parents is 0.5-1.5 tails/m2The male-female ratio is 1: 1.6-1: 2.0;
4. parent promoterMating and fertilization: after the parents enter the spawning promotion pool, keeping the periphery absolutely quiet, continuously starting nano aeration and air stripping circulation for 24 hours, starting a circulating submersible pump during the period of 20:00 to 10:00 am in the next day at night, promoting the circulating pressure, enabling the water level difference between the spawning promotion pool and the egg collecting pool to reach 20-30 cm, and enabling the water flow velocity of the spawning promotion pool to reach 20m through a 4-inch water drainage pipe to the egg collecting pool3Forming a vortex above a water outlet at the center of the production promoting pool; during the labor-promoting period, commercial feed is not fed, water is changed for 1 time in the afternoon every day, the water is changed for about 10-15% every time, the specific water changing operation is to open a drain valve of the egg collecting pool to reduce the water level of the egg collecting pool by half, then water is filtered by a 80-mesh silk screen, the water is used as a water source of a pond containing unicellular algae and with the transparency of 20-30 cm, the pond is aerated and precipitated by a cement pool and cooled to 16-18 ℃ by an air energy unit, so that the labor-promoting water temperature is kept at 19.0-20.0 ℃, and the water temperature rise of a labor-promoting circulation system caused by; removing dead individuals in time to prevent the dead individuals from blocking the central water outlet;
5. collecting roes: the mating fertilization time of the alosa sapidissima parents is generally 5: 00-8: 00, the number of collected roes is generally 10: 00-11: 00, before the roes are collected, the periphery of a net sheet of an roe collecting net cage is cleaned firstly, garbage attached to the net sheet is removed, then the net cage is lifted up, the bottom of the net cage is suspended 5-10 cm below the water surface, the bottom of the fish roes in a semi-wet state are immersed, the bottom of the net cage is screened by a 24-mesh soft bolting silk circular screen, the collected roes are mixed with scales and water body sediments and need to be cleaned and separated, and the roes are rinsed for a small amount of times by the 24-mesh soft bolting silk circular screen firstly, and the water body sediments are; sieving with 6 × 6mm mesh sieve, removing scale and feces, counting roe volume with beaker, transferring to hatching pond, and cleaning roe with water from labor promoting pond.
6. Parent cleaning and supplementing: cleaning the parent for 1 time every 7-10 days, changing water for 1/2 when cleaning the parent, wherein the water changing source is required to be the same as that of changing water every day, but the temperature difference between the water temperature of the changed water and the water temperature of the original pool is less than 1 ℃; reserving the parents which do not participate in mating fertilization in a pool, transferring the postpartum parents into a reinforced cultivation pool, and cultivating again; additionally, new parents are supplemented to the labor-promoting pool.
example 3
By adopting the system and the method in the embodiment 1 and the method in the embodiment 2, through the experiment of the aquatic product research institute in Shanghai city in sagelian base, good effects are obtained in the circulating water fertilization of the American shad parents from 5 to 6 months in 2017, and 19.47 ten thousand fertilized eggs are obtained in an accumulated manner.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the full range of equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method for promoting the mating fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by circulating water is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) Constructing a parturition promoting circulation system of the alosa sapidissima parent: the parent spawning promotion circulating system comprises an egg collecting pool and a spawning promotion pool which are adjacent, wherein the egg collecting pool is a rectangular cement pool, and an egg collecting net cage is arranged in the egg collecting pool; the egg collecting net cage in the egg collecting pool comprises a cuboid net cage and a net cage frame for fixing the net cage, wherein the net cage is fixed on the net cage frame through a net cage nylon rope, a circular hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the net cage, a cylindrical net sleeve which protrudes downwards and is provided with openings at two ends is sewn, and the inside of the net cage is communicated with the outside through the circular hole in the center of the bottom of the net cage; the spawning promotion pool is a square cement pool, the longitudinal section of the spawning promotion pool is funnel-shaped, a water outlet is formed in the center of the bottom of the pool, a water drainage pipe is connected below the water outlet, and the spawning promotion pool is connected with the lower end of an egg collecting net cage in an egg collecting pool through the water drainage pipe; one side of the egg collecting pool close to the spawning promotion pool is provided with an air stripping circulating pipe and a submersible pump;
b) Preparing the yield-promoting parents before stocking: before stocking the spawning promotion parents, disinfecting a spawning promotion pool, an egg collecting pool and accessory equipment, and using after water injection circulation, wherein the water temperature is maintained at 18-19 ℃;
c) And (3) selecting and stocking the yield-promoting parents: selecting American shad parents for promoting production from 5 months to 6 months, putting the American shad parents into a production promoting pond, and promoting the production of the parentsThe stocking density is 0.5-1.5 tails/m2The male-female ratio is 1: 1.6-1: 2.0;
d) Parent spawning promotion, mating and fertilization: after the parents enter a production promotion pool, keeping the periphery absolutely quiet, continuously opening nano aeration and air stripping circulation for 24 hours, not feeding commercial feed in the production promotion period, and changing water for 1 time in the afternoon every day, wherein each time is 10-15%; the water changing operation is to open a drain valve of the egg collecting pool to reduce the water level of the egg collecting pool by half, then to filter the inlet water by using a 80-mesh silk screen, wherein the inlet water is a pond water source containing unicellular algae and having the transparency of 20-30 cm, and is subjected to aeration sedimentation in a cement pond and air energy unit cooling to 16-18 ℃ to keep the spawning promotion water temperature at 19.0-20.0 ℃ and counteract the water temperature rise of the spawning promotion circulation system caused by high air temperature; removing dead individuals in time to prevent the dead individuals from blocking the central water outlet;
e) collecting roes: collecting roes, generally 10: 00-11: 00, at the bottom of a 24-mesh soft bolting silk circular landing net box, rinsing the roes for a few times, and removing water body sediments;
f) parent cleaning and supplementing: cleaning the parent for 1 time every 7-10 days, and changing water for 1/2 when cleaning the parent; reserving the parents which do not participate in mating fertilization in a pool, transferring the postpartum parents into a reinforced cultivation pool, and cultivating again; additionally, new parents are supplemented to the labor-promoting pool.
2. the method for promoting the mating fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by using the circulating water as claimed in claim 1, wherein an arch-shaped ring top is arranged above a production promoting circulation system of the alosa sapidissima parents, and 2-3 layers of shading films are covered on the top of the arch-shaped ring top; the illumination intensity range in the daytime is 300-500 Lux.
3. The method for promoting the mating and fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by using the circulating water as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step b, before the spawning-promoting parents are put in the pond, the spawning-promoting pond, the egg collecting pond and accessory equipment are disinfected, water is injected into the whole system, 10PPm bleaching powder is used for dissolving, then the whole pond is splashed with water, an air lift pipe valve is opened, water in the whole system is circulated for 1-2 hours, then the system is soaked for 24 hours, drained and washed clean, dried for 3-4 days and reused, water is fed into the pond 2-3 days before the parents are put in the pond, is subjected to primary sedimentation in the cement pond, secondary sedimentation in the cement pond and temperature regulation by an air energy unit, the fed water is filtered by an 80-mesh silk net, after the fed water is dissolved by 1-2 PPm sodium bicarbonate, the whole pond is splashed with water, air lift circulation is opened, nanotube aeration is carried out, the system can be.
4. The method for promoting the mating and fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by using the circulating water as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step c, the parents for promoting the production are selected from an alosa sapidissima parent intensive culture pond, and the parent intensive culture pond is a simple greenhouse cement pond; selecting a production promoting parent: the belly of the female fish expands and is soft, the cloaca is reddish, and eggs do not flow when the belly is slightly pressed; the male fish slightly presses the cloaca holes, a small amount of seminal fluid flows out, and the seminal fluid is not dispersed when meeting water; in the selection process, the parents are respectively placed into net cages for temporary culture, the specification of the net cages is 2.0m long, 1.2m wide and 0.5m high, the meshes of the net cages are 2 x 3mm fur strip nets, the temporary culture density is 10-15 tails/box for female fishes and 20-30 tails/box for male fishes, and the temporary culture time is not more than 30 minutes; transporting the fish into a labor-promoting pond by adopting a plastic barrel, wherein the diameter and the height of the plastic barrel are 32cm and 35cm, the capacity of the barrel is 28 liters, the water content in the barrel is 15 liters when the fish is transported, namely 1/2 of the barrel, 1 tail is put in each barrel for female fish and 2-3 tails are put in each barrel for male fish; the whole selecting and transporting process needs to be operated gently without leaving water, and the transporting time of each loading does not exceed 15 minutes.
5. The method for promoting alosa sapidissima parents to mate and fertilize by using circulating water as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step d, the circulating submersible pump is started during the period of 20:00 pm to 10:00 am of the next day in the evening to promote the circulating pressure, so that the water level difference between the spawning promoting pool and the egg collecting pool reaches 20-30 cm, and the water flow rate of the water in the spawning promoting pool to the egg collecting pool through the water discharge pipe reaches 20m3and h, forming a vortex above the central water outlet of the production promoting pond.
6. The method for promoting the mating fertilization of alosa sapidissima parents by using the circulating water as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step e, before collecting roes, the periphery of a net sheet of an roe collecting net cage is cleaned, garbage attached to the net sheet is removed, then the net cage is lifted, the bottom of the net cage is suspended 5-10 cm below the water surface, the bottom of the submerged roes are in a semi-wet state, the bottom of the net cage is shoveled by a 24-mesh soft bolting silk circular shoveling net, the collected roes are mixed with scales and water body sediments and need to be cleaned and separated, and the roes are rinsed by the 24-mesh soft bolting silk circular shoveling net for a small amount of times to remove the water body sediments; sieving with 6 × 6mm mesh sieve, removing scale and feces, counting roe volume with beaker, transferring to hatching pond, and cleaning roe with water from labor promoting pond.
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| CN110419471B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-11-16 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for artificial insemination of wild burmese reeves shad and hatching of fertilized eggs |
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