CN102696525A - Pool for tilapia and freshwater shrimp three-dimensional aquaculture and method thereof - Google Patents

Pool for tilapia and freshwater shrimp three-dimensional aquaculture and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102696525A
CN102696525A CN2012102404602A CN201210240460A CN102696525A CN 102696525 A CN102696525 A CN 102696525A CN 2012102404602 A CN2012102404602 A CN 2012102404602A CN 201210240460 A CN201210240460 A CN 201210240460A CN 102696525 A CN102696525 A CN 102696525A
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pond
shrimp
net cage
meters
pool
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徐跑
何杰
朱志祥
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Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The invention discloses a pool for tilapia and freshwater shrimp three-dimensional aquaculture, which is characterized by comprising a pool body, an opening net cage that is arranged at the upper part of the pool and shrimp nests that are arranged at the bottom of the pool; the pool is rectangular, has an area of about 2 mu, has a water depth of about 1.5 meters, is provided with a hard bottom or sand bottom and has less sludge, and the gradient of the inner part of the pool is flatter; the opening net cage is wide at the upper part and narrow at the lower part, the upper part of the opening net cage is higher than a water surface for about 30 centimeters, and the bottom of the opening net cage is higher than the bottom of the pool for about 50 centimeters; and shrimp nests are arranged at the pool peripheries which have flatter gradients and are away from pool edges for 2 meters, and the distance between the shrimp nests is 4 meters. According to the pool for tilapia and freshwater shrimp three-dimensional aquaculture, the same pool is divided into different areas through meshes for carrying out the tilapia and freshwater shrimp aquaculture, so the niche complementarity and mutualism are realized, the water surface of the pool is saved, and the benefits are increased.

Description

The pond of a kind of Tilapia mossambica, freshwater shrimp three-dimensional culture and method thereof
Technical field
This invention belongs to aquaculture technology, especially can in same pond, carry out the three-dimensional culture of Tilapia mossambica and shrimp, and the fishes and shrimps ecological niche is spaced from each other, raise relatively independent, a kind of cultural technique that space, pond, resource make full use of.
Background technology
At present, the breed of Tilapia mossambica is employed in the certain methods that monoculture in the pond or cover are supported other fish; The method that cover is supported in independent method of culturing in the shrimp pool or the crawl is generally adopted in the breed of shrimp.
Tilapia mossambica lives in (in water-aqueous medium) in the water layer of pond, omnivorousness, plankton in ingest artificial feed and the filter drinking water.Adult fish has the habit of dredging and nesting in pond bottom, need to consume a large amount of muscle power, during feeding behaviour also reduce, growth is affected.General cover is supported the silver carp, bighead of a small amount of filter-feeding and carnivorous mandarin fish etc. in the Tilapia mossambica pond, and silver carp, bighead and Tilapia mossambica that cover is supported filter-feeding have the fertilizer of striving, strive water contradiction, the limited amount that cover is foster or do not overlap foster.The carnivorous mandarin fish that cover is supported is owing to the limited amount of forage fiss, and every mu also with regard to 3~5 tails.The value that total cover is breeded fish is very limited, and cover type of breeding fish also lived in the water layer.The artificial pellet of in the breeding process of Tilapia mossambica, will throwing something and feeding in a large number, some other organic debrises sink under water in feed a part chip and the pond, also can ruin water quality after can not being utilized and rotting.
Shrimps are lived in the bottom in pond and (Gu on water-interface) all around, or on the pasture and water, the swimming ability is relatively poor, seldom in water layer, moves about.Shrimp pool water body is place, space ground idle state at the middle and upper levels.In a large amount of bait throwing in of the main season of growth of shrimp the liquid manure degree is increased, grow blue-green algae in a large number, produce toxic action, have a strong impact on survival and the growth of shrimp, increase greatly and support the shrimp risk.The survival rate of the foster shrimp of cover is low in the fishpond, and output has only about several kilograms.
Summary of the invention
Pure for breeding fish in order to solve present cultivating tilapia, it is pure for supporting shrimp, pond water surface anxiety, the idle waste in part water body space, pond to support shrimp; Food resource can not make full use of, the drawback that the ecological niche of pond culture kind is single, and the present invention provides a kind of pond breeding method; Can in same pond, be divided into different zones, carry out the breed of Tilapia mossambica and shrimp, reach the ecological niche complementation with the net sheet; Commensalism is reciprocal, practices thrift the pond water surface, increases benefit.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for realizing above-mentioned purpose:
The pond of a kind of Tilapia mossambica, freshwater shrimp three-dimensional culture is characterized in that: comprise the pond body, be arranged on the uncovered net cage on top, pond, be arranged on the shrimp nest of pond bottom; Said pond rectangle, about 2 mu of areas, about 1.5 meters of the depth of water, the hard end, pond or the husky end, few mud, then the gradient is milder in the pond; Said uncovered net cage is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and top exceeds about 30 centimetres of the water surface, and the bottom is higher than about 50 centimetres of bottom surface, pond; Said shrimp nest is arranged on around the milder pond of the gradient, apart from 2 meters of pool side, 4 meters of shrimp nest spacing distances.
It is further characterized in that: vertical, the cross section of said uncovered net cage is wide, time narrow uncovered isosceles trapezoid, and uncovered net cage is sewed up at the bottom of by 4 identical in twos isosceles trapezoid net sheets and case and formed; Length at the bottom of the case with wide than case mouth place length and widely all shorten about 4 meters; The bottom spud pile is set bottom the net cage, and the bottom spud pile exceeds about 50 centimetres of pond bottom, and the stake top is apart from about 7 meters of horizontal range around the pond, and 4 meters of pile spacings are used for support, the tension all around of net cage bottom; The net cage mouth is provided with the top spud pile, and the top spud pile exceeds about 1.9 meters of pond bottom, 2 meters of the spud piles and laterally arrange with it apart from the bottom in the outside, and 4 meters of pile spacings are used for support, the tension of net cage mouth, firm effect.
Said shrimp nest is processed by the tea tree branch, and tea tree branch branch requires 5 and binds together.
Further: the step place of playing fishing in contiguous pond, the bottom of said uncovered net cage, about 6 square metres of the low about 20 centimetres of areas of case base pressure, play fish with weight when being convenient to do the pool.
The method of a kind of Tilapia mossambica, freshwater shrimp three-dimensional culture comprises the steps:
(1) putting in a suitable place to breed of Tilapia mossambica kind:
The Tilapia mossambica fingerling stocking at the beginning of 7 months then, put numerous fingerling early in a suitable place to breed or survive the winter after fingerling, specification is that average every mu of pond water surface is put 1000 tails about 100 grams; In the fingerling stocking net cage, raise by normal cultural method the back;
(2) putting in a suitable place to breed of shrimp seedling:
The shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed by the end of June, every mu 40,000 tail of stocking rate, and specification is about every kilogram/2000 tails, the shrimp seedling is placed on around the outer pond of net cage, evenly puts in a suitable place to breed, after the shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, raises by the method for normal one-tenth shrimp aquaculture;
(3) feeding and management:
The harmful organisms of pond infield miscellaneous fishes and shrimp is removed in the sterilization of will cleaning up the pond before fingerling and shrimp seedling are put in a suitable place to breed; Aerator is arranged in the net cage in the pond, and average 2 mu of aerators of establishing one 2 kilowatts keep the pond dissolved oxygen more than 4 mg/litre;
(4) results:
Juvenile prawn was cultured after 1 month, just can select and catch, and every two weeks is fished for 1 time, caught to stay for a short time greatly, caught listing to the choosing more than body weight 2.5 grams; Culture to by the end of October, shrimp all plays water, and disposable of Tilapia mossambica catches; The output of shrimp and Tilapia mossambica has reached the output of monoculture.
The pond is separated into the three-dimensional waters of two parts with the net sheet, and a part comprises: the middle and upper part branch of the centre of the pond water surface, water layer is used for cultivating tilapia; Another part is the solid-water interface in pond, and the zone between net sheet-water interface, is used for supporting shrimp.Organic substance sinks under water in a large amount of residual bait that Tilapia mossambica ingests and the pond, can be used as the part bait of shrimp; The nutrient content of the shrimp feed of throwing something and feeding is very high, and water quality is prone to grow fat, and a large amount of planktons can be used as the part bait of Tilapia mossambica; Tilapia mossambica filter food plankton such as blue-green algae etc. can increase water transparency and the harm that reduces prawn, promote the growth of shrimp; The nest building behavior of Tilapia mossambica is prevented from, and saves muscle power, and increase is ingested, and helps growth.
This kind cultural method can be saved pond, using water wisely in a large number.Culture benefit is high, and ecological effect is obvious, and disease takes place few, convenient management.Can effectively alleviate land resources and the precious water resource of growing tension restriction to culture fishery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 pond of the present invention, net cage and shrimp nest are provided with sketch map.
Embodiment
The pond of a kind of Tilapia mossambica as shown in Figure 1, freshwater shrimp three-dimensional culture.
Following is one embodiment of the present of invention:
One, the setting of net cage
(1) pond condition: pond 1 is a rectangle, and area is more than 2 mu, 1.5 meters of the depth of waters, and the 1 hard end of pond, few mud, then the gradient is milder in the pond 1.
(2) design of net cage: vertical, the cross section of net cage 2 is wide, following narrow uncovered isosceles trapezoid.Net cage 2 is sewed up at the bottom of by 4 identical in twos isosceles trapezoid net sheets and case and is formed.Length at the bottom of the case with wide than case mouth place length and widely all shorten about 4 meters.If the long L rice in 2 ends of net cage, wide W rice, so the length at net cage mouth place be (2+L+2) rice, wide for (2+W+2) rice, the height of 4 isosceles trapezoid net sheets is about 2.4 meters.
The quantity of L, W is calculated.The quantity of L, W is provided with form according to pond 1 concrete size.Measure the pond of high 50 centimeters in 1 bottom and grow 46 meters apart from the pond, wide 30 meters.Because the scope of activities of shrimp is limited, according to the mobility of shrimp, design L=A-14=46-14=32 (rice), W=B-14=30-14=16 (rice).
(3) net cage sets up
1, net cage bottom support framework is provided with.Require bottom spud pile 3 to exceed 50 centimetres of 1 bottoms, pond, the stake top is apart from 7 meters of horizontal ranges around the pond 1,4 meters of pile spacings.Be used for net cage 2 bottoms support, extension all around.
2, net cage mouth supporting frame is provided with.Require top spud pile 4 to exceed 1.9 meters of 1 bottoms, pond, 2 meters of stakes and laterally arrange with it at the bottom of the case in the outside.4 meters of pile spacings.Be used for support, the tension of net cage mouth, firm effect.
3, the depth of water is 1 meter in the net cage 2 that sets up, and net cage 2 exceeds 30 centimetres of the waters surface, is higher than 50 centimetres of 1 bottom surfaces, pond.The step place of playing fishing in contiguous pond about 6 square metres of the low 20 centimetres of areas of case base pressure, plays fish with weight when being convenient to do the pool.
Two, the shrimp nest is provided with
Around the milder pond 1 of the gradient, apart from 2 meters of pool side, place the tea tree branch, tea tree branch branch is more, and 5 bind together as shrimp nest 5, are convenient to the hiding decortication of shrimp, 4 meters of shrimp nest 5 spacing distances.
Three, the Tilapia mossambica kind puts in a suitable place to breed
The Tilapia mossambica fingerling stocking is put numerous fingerling fingerling early in a suitable place to breed in July 2 then, and specification is that average every mu of pond water surface is put 2100 tails about 90 grams.In the fingerling stocking net cage, raise by normal cultural method the back.
Four, the shrimp seedling puts in a suitable place to breed
The shrimp seedling was put in a suitable place to breed June 30, stocking rate 80,000 tails, and specification is every kilogram/2400 tails, the shrimp seedling is placed on around the outer pond of net cage, evenly puts in a suitable place to breed, after the shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, raises by the method for normal one-tenth shrimp aquaculture.
Five, feeding and management
The harmful organisms of pond infield miscellaneous fishes and shrimp is removed in the sterilization of will cleaning up the pond before fingerling and shrimp seedling are put in a suitable place to breed; One in 2 kilowatts aerator is arranged in the net cage in the pond, presses the start principle start of aerator, and the pond dissolved oxygen is more than 4.5 mg/litre during the breed.
Six, results
Juvenile prawn was cultured after 1 month, just can select and catch.Every two weeks is fished for 1 time with lobster basket, catches to stay for a short time greatly, catches listing to the above choosing of body weight 2.5 gram.Culture to October 25, the dried pond of drawing water, shrimp all plays water, and disposable of Tilapia mossambica catches.Average shrimp output is 76 kilograms every mu, and Tilapia mossambica output is kilogram surplus every mu 800.

Claims (5)

1. the pond of a Tilapia mossambica, freshwater shrimp three-dimensional culture is characterized in that: comprise the pond body, be arranged on the uncovered net cage on top, pond, be arranged on the shrimp nest of pond bottom; Said pond rectangle, about 2 mu of areas, about 1.5 meters of the depth of water, the hard end, pond or the husky end, few mud, then the gradient is milder in the pond; Said uncovered net cage is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and top exceeds about 30 centimetres of the water surface, and the bottom is higher than about 50 centimetres of bottom surface, pond; Said shrimp nest is arranged on around the milder pond of the gradient, apart from about 2 meters of pool side, about 4 meters of shrimp nest spacing distance.
2. the pond of a kind of Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1, freshwater shrimp three-dimensional culture; It is characterized in that: vertical, the cross section of said uncovered net cage is wide, time narrow uncovered isosceles trapezoid, and uncovered net cage is sewed up at the bottom of by 4 identical in twos isosceles trapezoid net sheets and case and formed; Length at the bottom of the case with wide than case mouth place length and widely all shorten about 4 meters; The bottom spud pile is set bottom the net cage, and the bottom spud pile exceeds about 50 centimetres of pond bottom, and the stake top is apart from about 7 meters of horizontal range around the pond, and about 4 meters of pile spacing is used for support, the tension all around of net cage bottom; The net cage mouth is provided with the top spud pile, and the top spud pile exceeds about 1.9 meters of pond bottom, and spud pile is about 2 meters and laterally arrange with it in the outside apart from the bottom, and about 4 meters of pile spacing is used for support, the tension of net cage mouth, firm effect.
3. the pond of a kind of Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1, freshwater shrimp three-dimensional culture is characterized in that: said shrimp nest, to process by the tea tree branch, and tea tree branch branch requires about 5 to bind together.
4. the pond of a kind of Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1 and 2, freshwater shrimp three-dimensional culture; It is characterized in that: the step place of playing fishing in contiguous pond, the bottom of said uncovered net cage; About 6 square metres of the low about 20 centimetres of areas of case base pressure, play fish with weight when being convenient to do the pool.
5. the method for a Tilapia mossambica, freshwater shrimp three-dimensional culture comprises the steps:
(1) putting in a suitable place to breed of Tilapia mossambica kind:
The Tilapia mossambica fingerling stocking at the beginning of 7 months then, put numerous fingerling early in a suitable place to breed or survive the winter after fingerling, specification is that average every mu of pond water surface is put 1000 tails about 100 grams; In the fingerling stocking net cage, raise by normal cultural method the back;
(2) putting in a suitable place to breed of shrimp seedling:
The shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed by the end of June, every mu 40,000 tail of stocking rate, and specification is about every kilogram/2000 tails, the shrimp seedling is placed on around the outer pond of net cage, evenly puts in a suitable place to breed, after the shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, raises by the method for normal one-tenth shrimp aquaculture;
(3) feeding and management:
The harmful organisms of pond infield miscellaneous fishes and shrimp is removed in the sterilization of will cleaning up the pond before fingerling and shrimp seedling are put in a suitable place to breed; Aerator is arranged in the net cage in the pond, and average 2 mu of aerators of establishing one 2 kilowatts keep the pond dissolved oxygen more than 4 mg/litre;
(4) results:
Juvenile prawn was cultured after 1 month, just can select and catch, and every two weeks is fished for 1 time, caught to stay for a short time greatly, caught listing to the choosing more than body weight 2.5 grams; Culture to by the end of October, shrimp all plays water, and disposable of Tilapia mossambica catches; The output of shrimp and Tilapia mossambica has reached the output of monoculture.
CN2012102404602A 2012-07-12 2012-07-12 Pool for tilapia and freshwater shrimp three-dimensional aquaculture and method thereof Pending CN102696525A (en)

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CN103120134A (en) * 2011-11-21 2013-05-29 德清县吴越水产养殖有限公司 Pollution-free freshwater shrimp cultivation method
CN103229736A (en) * 2013-04-19 2013-08-07 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 Anti-biting net cage for mating breeding of tilapia
CN103392663A (en) * 2013-07-24 2013-11-20 吴江市水产养殖有限公司 Circulating water flowing fishpond and fish-farming method
CN107466926A (en) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-15 广西吉朋投资有限公司 A kind of method of pond culture sandworm
CN113412811A (en) * 2021-07-31 2021-09-21 南京市水产科学研究所 Fish and shrimp polyculture pond and fish and shrimp polyculture method

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CN202714084U (en) * 2012-07-12 2013-02-06 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 Pond for stereoscopic cultivation of tilapia mossambica and freshwater shrimps

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103120134A (en) * 2011-11-21 2013-05-29 德清县吴越水产养殖有限公司 Pollution-free freshwater shrimp cultivation method
CN103120134B (en) * 2011-11-21 2015-06-03 德清县吴越水产养殖有限公司 Pollution-free freshwater shrimp cultivation method
CN103229736A (en) * 2013-04-19 2013-08-07 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 Anti-biting net cage for mating breeding of tilapia
CN103229736B (en) * 2013-04-19 2015-03-25 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 Anti-biting net cage for mating breeding of tilapia
CN103392663A (en) * 2013-07-24 2013-11-20 吴江市水产养殖有限公司 Circulating water flowing fishpond and fish-farming method
CN107466926A (en) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-15 广西吉朋投资有限公司 A kind of method of pond culture sandworm
CN113412811A (en) * 2021-07-31 2021-09-21 南京市水产科学研究所 Fish and shrimp polyculture pond and fish and shrimp polyculture method
CN113412811B (en) * 2021-07-31 2022-10-04 南京市水产科学研究所 Fish and shrimp polyculture pond and fish and shrimp polyculture method

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Application publication date: 20121003